The Ward of Castle Baynard
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The Ward of Castle Baynard A Celebration of the first 100 years of the Castle Baynard Ward Club 1909 2009 Castle Baynard Ward Club wishes to express its gratitude to Dr Rupert Goulding for researching and writing this centenary booklet. Christopher Mitchell OBE and Anthony Rogers provided additional material, assistance and advice. Michael Holman undertook the design. The Club would like to thank: Elizabeth Scudder and Jeremy Smith at the London Metropolitan Archives for their help in sourcing the illustrations. John Cooper at the Guildhall Surveyor’s Department for providing the Castle Baynard Ward map. Vivien Knight at the Guildhall Art Gallery for the pictures of ‘Fleet Street Looking East’ and ‘The Entrance to the Fleet River’. The publication was made possible through the generosity of KPMG LLP and Unilever PLC, sponsors of the production, to whom the Club is most grateful. Above: Historical reconstruction of Baynard’s Castle and boats on the River Thames artist unknown c1850 Front cover: Blackfriars Bridge & St Paul’s by David Roberts watercolour c1840 Centre spread: Extract of the ‘Agas’ map of London wood cut c1560 2 Contents Foreword by The Rt Hon The Lord Mayor 4 Introduction by the Chairman, Castle Baynard Ward Club 5 The Wards of the City of London 7 Baynard’s Castle 10 Castle Baynard’s Churches 12 Significant Landmarks 16 Historic Streets 20 Famous Figures 24 3 Foreword by The Rt Hon The Lord Mayor All the wards in the City of London have fascinating histories, but few, if any, like Castle Baynard. Its very name summons up all the energy and romance of this remarkable area through the centuries. And mirroring this is its Ward Club which has during its hundred years been of singular service to the people and institutions in Castle Baynard. The centenary booklet is evidence of this purposeful dynamism and I must congratulate all those involved in its creation and production. It is a real con- tribution to the knowledge of the ward and most remarkable Ward Club which serves it so well. As your President, Alderman and Lord Mayor all at once, I hope the reader will indulge me as I also thank my colleagues on the Court of Common Council and the officers and members of Castle Baynard Ward Club who have demonstrated enormous support and enthusiasm for my time in the Mansion House. With every good wish, Alderman Ian Luder The Rt Hon The Lord Mayor of London 4 Introduction by the Chairman Castle Baynard Ward Club The City of London is rich in history and tradition that has made it one of the pre-eminent international business centres in the world. There is extensive evidence of this throughout the Square Mile, none more so than within the Ward area of Castle Baynard, the origins of which have evolved from the Norman fortification and a wealth of historical sites and landmarks through to the thriving business community of today. It is extremely challenging to capture the scale and scope of the complete history of a Ward area such as this, but this small booklet is intended to give the reader an introduction to the wide range of interests and subjects that can be further explored through such organisations as the Guildhall Library and the London Metropolitan Archives. 2009 marks the centenary of the founding of the Castle Baynard Ward Club, the purpose of which is to draw people’s attention to the links between the past and the present and, more importantly, to bring together those who work or live within the Ward. I hope you enjoy reading this booklet and it stimulates your interest in the Ward of Castle Baynard and the Ward Club. Anthony Rogers Chairman, Castle Baynard Ward Club 5 6 The Wards of the City of London Castle Baynard is one of twenty-five wards in the City of London, the geographical divisions of the famous Square Mile. The wards are thought to have originated as Anglo Saxon administrative units; within each area the populace came together to elect Aldermen to represent them in the City’s government, which continues to this day. The first documentary reference for The first ward clubs were founded in the Ward of Castle Baynard is in 1111 the eighteenth century as AD, a deed citing the “Alderman of the ratepayers’ associations, when Ward” is linked to a property located residents in the City of London were within the Castle Baynard’s bounds. considerably more numerous than In 2003 the Court of Common they are today. In later years the Council decided to rationalise the ward clubs developed and changed, boundaries of the City wards to create reflecting the expansion of businesses a better ratio of electors, ward sizes and representation by the Councilmen. As a consequence Castle Baynard inherited a large portion of Farringdon Without which meant the new boundary extended to the Temple in the west, Holborn Circus in the north and St Andrew Street in the east. Right: Sir Thomas Vansittart Bowater Bt. Opposite: Map of the Ward of Castle Bay- nard – Ordnance Survey © Crown copyright 2004. All rights reserved. Licence number 100049187 7 over homes within the city. Ward members became subsequent Ward clubs became social institutions, Club presidents and Lord Mayors. The providing recreational facilities for family’s links with Castle Baynard are local working populations. This is preserved through the incorporation not to say that there is no functional of their heraldic arms into those of role, for the clubs provide support the Ward Club: their flag flies aloft the to the ward’s Alderman, Deputy and tower of the Club’s device. Common Councilmen in their civic Various documents show that Castle responsibilities. They also provide an Baynard has had 46 Aldermen who excellent opportunity for prospective have become Lord Mayor since the members of the Court of Common early 1300’s, although not necessarily Council to learn about the City. representing the Ward at the time. The Castle Baynard Ward Club was founded in 1909 by Sir Thomas Below: Castle Baynard Ward Club in the Vansittart Bowater, who was later Lord 2008 Lord Mayor’s Show Mayor in 1913-14, and for many years Opposite: Castle Baynard Aldermen who the Member of Parliament for the have become Lord Mayor, and the guilds to City of London. Other Bowater family which they belonged 8 1341 John de Oxenford Vintner 1372 John Pyel Mercer 1389 William Venour Grocer 1395 Wiliam More Vintner 1403 William Askham Fishmonger 1424, 1436 John Michell Fishmonger 1432 John Perneys Fishmonger 1439 Robert Large Mercer 1450 Nicholas Wyfold Grocer 1453 John Norman Draper 1457 Geofrey Boleyn Mercer 1465 Sir Ralph Verney Mercer 1481 Sir William Heriott Draper 1485 Sir William Stokker Draper 1486, 1495 Sir Henry Colet Mercer 1508 Sir Stephen Jennings Merchant Taylor 1512 William Copinger Fishmonger 1534 Sir John Champney Skinner 1545 Sir Martin Bowes Goldsmith 1549 Sir Rowland Hill Mercer 1558 Sir Thomas Leigh Mercer 1565 Sir Richard Champyon Draper 1574 Sir James Hawes Clothworker 1583 Sir Edward Osborne Clothworker 1592 Sir William Rowe Ironmonger 1611 Sir James Pemberton Goldsmith 1619 Sir William Cokayne Skinner 1624 Sir John Gore Merchant Taylor 1637 Sir Richard Fenn Haberdasher 1666 Sir William Bolton Merchant Taylor 1668 Sir William Turner Merchant Taylor 1705 Sir Thomas Rawlinson Vintner 1717 Sir William Lewen Haberdasher 1732 John Barber Goldsmith 1747 Sir Robert Ladbrooke Grocer 1778 Samuel Plumbe Goldsmith 1791 Sir John Hopkins Grocer 1810 Joshua Jonathan Smith Ironmonger 1838 Samuel Wilson Weaver 1871 Sir Sills John Gibbons Salter 1891 Sir David Evans Haberdasher 1913 Sir Thomas Vansittart Bowater Loriner & Girdler 1938 Sir Frank Henry Bowater Vintner 1953 Sir Noel Vansittart Bowater Vintner 1987 Sir Greville Spratt Ironmonger 2008 Ian David Luder Cooper & Tax Adviser 9 Baynard’s Castle Baynard’s Castle was founded by Baron Ralph de Baynard, a Norman nobleman who came over to England with William the Conqueror. It was originally designed as a western counterpart to the Tower of London, supported by the castles built by Gilbert Montfichet near Carter Lane and the great fortress of Cripplegate, providing the walled city with fortresses on all corners.These imposing constructions were intended to inspire awe and submission in the conquered populace living within the city. In 1111 the castle was further to Robert FitzWalter. A Fitzwalter developed by William Baynard, descendent then sold the castle to grandson of the founder. This Baynard the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1275. lost favour with the king and forfeited In 1278 the Dominican order, known both his fortress and Barony to as the Black Friars, received a grant of Henry I, who then awarded the castle Baynard’s Castle lands to establish a 10 new monastic community. Their site London house, granted in succession along the east bank of the Fleet River to all his wives. Catherine Parr gifted bears the name to this day. the castle to her brother-in-law William Herbert, first Earl of By 1428 Baynard’s Castle had been Pembroke. rebuilt on a site slightly further east- ward. It was then destroyed by fire The Great Fire of London damaged to be reconstructed by Humphrey, the castle so badly that most remains Duke of Gloucester. On his death and had to be demolished; this time it was attainder in 1446 the castle passed not rebuilt, with the site becoming into the hands of Henry VI. The Great used for wharves and warehousing. Wardrobe was established at the This use continued until the early castle as a store and production 1970’s when the site was cleared for centre for royal textiles and to house the City of London School; the chance the King’s regalia and state clothing.