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Recommended Trees & Shrubs Recommended Trees & Shrubs for Guadalupe County, and Surrounding areas Compiled by: Leigh Ann Marez, Guadalupe County NMSU Extension Agent A Growing Guide for homeowners... Due to it’s location in the central part of the NE quadrant of NM, Guadalupe County has a great variation in weather conditions. The southern and eastern part of the county are subject to high winds during the spring and summer, but sometimes all year; the north and west part of the county are subject to major variability in regard to early and late frosts and planting directives. It should also be noted that, our high winds, which can occur year round, along with extreme variability in temperatures across the County, can present challenges to growers. The windy conditions dry our soils quickly. Planting of any vegetation, be it farm crops or landscape plants such as trees and shrubs, is tricky and requires growers to be diligent and patient. The following selection of trees and shrubs are varieties that should perform well in locations across Guadalupe County. They have been selected on their ‘hardiness’ to withstand extreme temperature variability and many on their drought resilience—some varieties better than others. Before growers plant, however, they are advised to research the desired variety of plant and determine when to plant it for their individual location in the County, soil profile and management style. (Refer to additional growing guidance by accessing the NMSU publication links provided below.) Many of the following trees varieties were taken from a Chavez County CES publication, Trees adapted To Roswell and Southeastern New Mexico. Not all the trees from that publication are listed here, in this guide for Guadalupe County, only those that the Guadalupe County CES office feels are best suited to our conditions! Please refer to the following NMSU Circulars for additional growing information located at: ACES HORTICULTURE PUBLICATIONS, http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_h/#ornamentals GOOD LUCK, Growers! Shade Trees for New Mexico, NMSU Circular H-462; Establishing Fruit and Shade Trees, NMSU Circular H-420 Selecting Ornamental Trees for New Mexico; Circular H-328; Fruits and Nuts for Orchard, Circular H-310 Large Deciduous Shade Autumn Purple Ash Trees Autumn Purple or WHITE Ash is a male tree intro- NOTE: even if a particular tree review states that a duced in 1956, growing 40 to 50 feet tall and perhaps tree is drought tolerant, that does not mean it does not 35 to 50 feet wide, and is a cultivar of the species require adequate water. The term ’drought tolerant’ is which is native to moist locations. The tree grows best understood as ’the ability to withstand a PERIOD of rapidly and is almost pyramidal with a round top REDUCED water, provided there was SUFFICIENT water when young, but gradually slows down and develops BEFORE and AFTER the drought event’. Establishment an oval shape. The Autumn Purple Ash prefers a and ongoing health of ALL tree varieties requires sunny exposure where it will develop its consistently regular and consistent water. -outstanding, deep red, maroon or purple fall color. ASH TREES Fall color often comes Arizona Ash—Also known as velvet ash, Arizona ash earlier than on other trees. is a medium sized tree with fairly small, bright green I can not think of another leaves. Little water, alkaline soils and high sunlight tree with better, long-lasting intensity are conditions in which these trees survive, fall color. Though suscepti- although they do best with adequate water. These ble to the ‘green ash borer’, trees are fast growing, reaching 30-40 or more feet this tree does well in when mature. They may be susceptible to some Guadalupe County and disease problems, though not as susceptible as the seems to resist disease Green and White Ash. They develop a compact, more then the Green Ash. symmetrical head that turns golden yellow in the fall. (see image) 1 Raywood Ash break branches. Also, the large surface roots cause Of all the different problems with septic tanks, sprinkler lines and even ash species in the buckle up sidewalks. JUST a WARNING!! ornamental trade, the cultivar London Planetree is a hyrbrid of the American 'Raywood' is known Sycamore. It is a widely planted street tree, and for for its exceptionally good reason. Its attributes were discovered in striking wine red fall London where the new hybrid first appeared around foliage. Often 1645. The tree was found to thrive in the sooty air referred to as 'Claret and provide wonderful shade. Its ability to withstand Ash', Raywood Ash grows 40’-50’ tall with a 25’ air pollution, drought and other adversities assures its spread in a landscape, opening into a full, rounded popularity as an urban and rural tree. Strong limbs canopy with age. On better sites this species can also help make the Lon- grow even taller and wider. The bold round-headed don Planetree a good form is perfect to cast summer shade. Leaves are choice where site condi- lanceolate in shape and have serrated edges. During tions allow for its large the summer foliage is dark green, but in the fall the size. Beyond its reputa- notable purple foliage color begins. This tree should tion as a survivor, this be grown in full sun and is moderately drought- tree is simply worth tolerant once established. Although these trees can admiring. The unique tolerate wet sites, they will perform much better in bark and interesting well-drained conditions. Surface rooting is reported branching give it amazing to be a problem on wet sites. Limited disease issues visual appeal—whether reported with this particular variety, though growers summer or winter. should be diligent with disease scouting. PROBLEMS: Since it is a relative of the sycamore, it does drop fruit balls, and Cottonwood has moderate allergen properties. The London Plane- The Cottonwood is a tree requires space as well as moderate to high water very fast growing shade usage. tree with soft wood. Trees can out-grow a Hackberry small yard in no time at The Hackberry is an interesting tree with rough corky all. The Cottonwood bark. Resistance to diseases and most pest problems, gets it's name from the coupled with it's other attributes make this a very "cotton" or seeds that different but good tree choice for the Southwest look like cotton, pro- landscapes. The tree is well adjusted to alkaline and duced in the limestone soils with a high pH and can be grown in spring. There are “cottonless” varieties, but make any area of southeastern sure you purchase this ‘variety’ from a reputable NM. It is a rapid growing nursery to ensure that the tree is a cottonless variety. tree with good branching In addition, the ‘cottonless’ varieties are male, and habits growing to about pollen may be problematic for allergy sufferers. 90 feet in height with a The Cottonwood is a beautiful large shade tree, with canopy of about 50 feet. a broadly rounded crown and widely spreading It provides food for many branches, requiring full sun and plenty of water (a birds and animals. This high water-needs tree, native to our area, found tree does not cause growing in creeks and riverbeds). The leaves yellow allergy conditions and is in the fall, before falling, which equals beautiful fall very drought tolerant. color. Recommended varieties—Plain & Fremont. Requires full sun and PROBLEMS: The tree is prone to webworm attack moderate watering. and with the wood being so soft, strong winds may (both the Common Hack- berry & Netleaf variety are recommended.) 2 ELMS LOCUSTS The Elm tree is one of the first trees to leaf out, light Locust trees are fast growers, providing filtered green leaves grace the wispy branches in early spring. shade to plants growing under them. They require Elm trees are fast growers and become quite large full sun and moderate watering. Deciduous, hard- shade trees, requiring full sun and moderate water- wood trees, growing from 30 to 70 feet high. Wild ing. They can do well in heat and drought conditions, Locust trees can be found growing along old ditch- however they thrive in moist locations. Elm trees banks throughout the Mesilla Valley in New Mexico. love water, like the Mulberries and Willows, and their surface roots will seek out septic tanks, swimming Honey Locust pools, sprinkler system pipes and any other water In it’s natural state, this sources. Listed here are a couple of GOOD choices tree grows to 80-90 feet for Elm Trees, resistant to Dutch Elm disease. There tall, with a thorny trunk are many cultivators that are resistant to the disease. and branches and loose Make sure you check them out! Note—The Siberian open crown. Improved elm is NOT recommended as it can be a highly inva- male varieties (such as sive tree to areas, causing constant ’sucker’ sprouts. Globemaster and Shade- master) do not produce Cedar Elm—Though not native to NM, the Cedar Elm the large unsightly bean is native to neighboring Texas. It is a well adapted pods which are messy. tree for this area, tolerating alkalinity and limestone These are the recommended Honey Locust varieties soils. Cedar elm is completely resistant to the Elm for a good shade tree. Other varieties do produce Leaf Beetle, has small, rough leaves blooming late in seed pods and are MESSY! These trees do very well in the summer, and does not present allergy problems. our alkaline soils. This is a beautiful, dark green leafed tree that reaches a height of 40-60 feet, and has a canopy of about 35 feet in our area.
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