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Practical Implementation of the Stream Function Method for Design of Arbitrary-Geometry Gradient Coils
Practical Implementation of the Stream Function Method for Design of Arbitrary-Geometry Gradient Coils R. A. Lemdiasov1, R. Ludwig2 1Insight Neuroimaging Systems, Worcester, MA, United States, 2ECE Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States Introduction Over the past several years a variety of theoretical design methods for the construction of gradient coils have been developed. For instance, in [1] D. Green et al. minimize a weighted combination of power, inductance, and the square difference between actual and desired field. Representing the current as a Fourier series they find optimal coefficients that minimize the cost function. Our work is a continuation of last year’s research reported in [2]. In this paper we describe an alternative implementation of a stream function method to design gradient coils. Using this method we are able to determine the current distribution to achieve a prescribed magnetic field distribution in the Region of Interest (ROI) that is largely independent of the shape of the current-carrying surface. We will demonstrate the successful implementation of our approach as well as experimental results. Theory As mentioned above, a cost function Φ can be introduced in the form K Φ = 1 ()() ()− ()+ 2 +α ∑W rk Bz rk Bdes,z rk Boff ,z Wmagn (1) 2 k =1 () () where W r is a weight function, BZ is the z-component of the total field, Bdes,z r as well as Boff,z are the z-components of the desired and offset magnetic field, and α Wmagn is magnetic energy with being a weight coefficient. In (1), the first term denotes the square deviation of the magnetic field from the prescribed field, and the second term is the magnetic energy of the coil. -
Hand Saws Hand Saws Have Evolved to fill Many Niches and Cutting Styles
Source: https://www.garagetooladvisor.com/hand-tools/different-types-of-saws-and-their-uses/ Hand Saws Hand saws have evolved to fill many niches and cutting styles. Some saws are general purpose tools, such as the traditional hand saw, while others were designed for specific applications, such as the keyhole saw. No tool collection is complete without at least one of each of these, while practical craftsmen may only purchase the tools which fit their individual usage patterns, such as framing or trim. Back Saw A back saw is a relatively short saw with a narrow blade that is reinforced along the upper edge, giving it the name. Back saws are commonly used with miter boxes and in other applications which require a consistently fine, straight cut. Back saws may also be called miter saws or tenon saws, depending on saw design, intended use, and region. Bow Saw Another type of crosscut saw, the bow saw is more at home outdoors than inside. It uses a relatively long blade with numerous crosscut teeth designed to remove material while pushing and pulling. Bow saws are used for trimming trees, pruning, and cutting logs, but may be used for other rough cuts as well. Coping Saw With a thin, narrow blade, the coping saw is ideal for trim work, scrolling, and any other cutting which requires precision and intricate cuts. Coping saws can be used to cut a wide variety of materials, and can be found in the toolkits of everyone from carpenters and plumbers to toy and furniture makers. Crosscut Saw Designed specifically for rough cutting wood, a crosscut saw has a comparatively thick blade, with large, beveled teeth. -
Metalwork & Woodwork Saws
HAMMERS - ANVILS - METALWORK & WOODWORK SAWS C HAMMERS BENCH PIN & ANVIL 77 CABLE TACKER GUN 76 DAVID USE PHOTO COPING SAWS 79 SD0010 FRETSAW BLADES 79 FRETSAW FRAMES 79 O HAMMER S & MALLETS 72 - 74 HACKSAWS 76 - 77 MINITURE ANVILS 74 MINITURE PINS 75 MALLET MITRE BOXES 82 PIERCING SAW BLADES 78 PIERCING SAW FRAMES 78 N DAVID USE PHOTO PIN PUSHERS 75 SD0010 RAZOR SAWS 81 SAW BLADE LUBRICANT 78 SAW KNIFE BLADES 81 STAPLE GUNS 75 - 76 V-BLOCK & CLAMPS 77 WEB STRETCHER 82 T ANVILS WOOD SAWS 80 - 81 X-ACTO RAZOR SAWS 81 DAVID USE PHOTO ZONA RAZOR SAWS 79 SD0010 E SAWS N DAVID USE PHOTO SD0010 T V BLOCK & CLAMP DAVID USE PHOTO SD0010 S Last Revised 04/07/2011 71 SQUIRES MODEL & CRAFT TOOLS HAMMERS & MALLETS MAGNETIC TACK HAMMER 6oz a specially designed hammer having one striking face magnetised for use when fitting small nails JEWELLERS MALLET a lightweight stainless steel mallet similar and upholstery tacks. The head features a claw for removing to those used by watchmakers and jewellers, with a solid head and tacks, the striking surface is a magnetic split pattern. The head is knurled shaft. hardened and pol- Length 145mm. ished. Fitted on a Weight 2½oz. hickory handle. Weight 6oz, length overall CODE TYPE PRICE 265mm. HA0025 Jewellers Mallet.................................................... £3.99 WATCHMAKERS MALLET a lightweight jewellers and watch- CODE TYPE PRICE makers mallet with a solid brass head. The handle is 260mm long 051-006 Magnetic Tack Hammer 6oz................................. £14.99 and has an increased diameter and is knurled for extra grip. -
February 2004 Fleam
True Japanese Dovetail Saws 2 new rip-tooth dozuki saws are efficient dovetailers. utting dovetail pins and tails is primarily a ripping C operation. So it has always bewildered me that almost every Japanese saw sold for dovetailing had teeth designed for crosscut- ting or cutting plywood. A few specialty importers do sell Japanese backsaws with a rip- tooth configuration, but these are made mostly by hand and cost between $140 and $1,500. Why, I wonder, isn’t there a machine-made dozuki that sells for about $35 – the cost of a de- cent crosscutting dozuki? Well, I don’t have the answer yet, but the two new rip-tooth dozukis on the market are considerably less expensive (between $70 and $80). To check the quality, I com- pared them to a premium rip- tooth dozuki that I’m quite fa- miliar with – the Kaneharu rip- ping dozuki, sold by Hiraide America for $182 (see the Sources box for more information). Sure they look like standard dozukis, but these saws have rip teeth.We by Christopher Schwarz compare the Kaneharu (in use) with new saws from Harima-Daizo (left) Comments or questions? Contact Chris and Lee Valley (right). at 513-531-2690 ext. 1407 or Photo by Al Parrish Photo by [email protected]. 62 POPULAR WOODWORKING February 2004 Fleam The Kaneharu saw has graduated teeth. Near the handle (left) there are 15 teeth per The Lee Valley saw has 18 tpi and a The Harima-Daizo Deluxe saw has inch, while at the toe (right) there are 10 tpi.This combination of tpi makes the saw small fleam that it uses for crosscutting. -
Types of Tap
Types of Tap HAND TAPS ISO 529 These are straight flute general purpose tools which can be used for both machine or hand tapping. They are generally the most economical tool for use on production runs, but are best on materials that produce chips, or where the swarf breaks readily. Where deep holes are to be tapped, in materials which produce stringy swarf, serial taps may be needed, especially for coarse threads. ISO 529 hand taps can be supplied in sets of three; bottom, second and taper leads, or individually. BOTTOM TAPS have a chamfer (lead) of 1–2 threads, the angle of the lead being around 18 degrees per side. They are used to produce threads close to the bottom of blind holes. SECOND TAPS have a lead of 3-5 threads at 8 degrees per side. They are the most popular and can be used for through holes, or blind holes where the thread does not need to go right to the bottom. TAPER TAPS have a lead of 7-10 threads at 5 degrees per side. The taper lead distributes the cutting force over a large area, and the taper shape helps the thread to start. They can therefore be used to start a thread prior to use of second or bottom leads, or for through holes. IMPORTANT NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY! In the U.K. bottom taps are often referred to as ‘plugs’. In North America second taps are often referred to as ‘plugs’! This can easily lead to confusion. To avoid problems when ordering it is best to use the terms bottom, second and taper. -
Code of Practice for Wood Processing Facilities (Sawmills & Lumberyards)
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR WOOD PROCESSING FACILITIES (SAWMILLS & LUMBERYARDS) Version 2 January 2012 Guyana Forestry Commission Table of Contents FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Wood Processing................................................................................................................................. 8 1.2 Development of the Code ................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Scope of the Code ............................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Objectives of the Code ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Implementation of the Code ............................................................................................................. 10 2.0 PRE-SAWMILLING RECOMMENDATIONS. ............................................................................................. 11 2.1 Market Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... -
For Vibraphone and Electronics Written for SPLICE Institute and Shaun Cayabyab
Nathaniel Haering for vibraphone and electronics written for SPLICE Institute and Shaun Cayabyab Resplendent Shards Performance Notes -Accidentals do not carry through un-metered measures -If a specific duration is not shown in a free time section, the rubato pacing is completely at the discretion of the performer. -Assume feather pedaling when specific instructions are not given -Requires 4 average cord vibraphone mallets with rattan handle, a Bass Bow, and a hard mallet for pitch bending. Malletech Bob Becker BB34 suggested for pitch bending. -Piece begins with 4 mallet stevens grip, transitions to holding bow in right hand and a cord medium hard rubber mallet in the 1st and 2nd positions respectively. The piece ends with a return to normal 4 mallet grip. -Arrows suggests a smooth and incredibly slow transition from one technique to another. This is used to show movement from dampened to open pedaling over the approximate space shown and to move on to and off of nodes on pitches marked with a dot inside a hollow note. When traditional pedaling is implied the notation “Ped” will be used. -Downward arrows require the performer to use the hard mallet to add density to the bar and move from the center node outward to lower the pitch -Up bow symbol alongside a staccato and accent asks that the bow be pulled quickly and viciously across the bar. At peak volume, stop with the hairs of the bow remaining in contact with the bar to instantly halt the sound. This creates a loud staccato burst with no residual resonance -Down bows suggest traditional bowing, allowing the note to resonate naturally -Notes with Plus Signs accompanying them suggest dead strokes; notes dampened upon hit with the mallet. -
Luscombe, Philip (2017) What's a Mallet For: a Woodworker's Critique of the Workmanship of Risk
Northumbria Research Link Citation: Luscombe, Philip (2017) What's A Mallet For: A Woodworker's Critique of The Workmanship of Risk. In: RTD2017 - Research Through Design Conference 2017, 22nd - 24th March 2017, Scotland, UK. URL: https://figshare.com/articles/What_s_A_Mallet_For_... <https://figshare.com/articles/What_s_A_Mallet_For_A_Woodworker_s_Critique_of_The_Wo rkmanship_of_Risk/4746922> This version was downloaded from Northumbria Research Link: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/35344/ Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University’s research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html This document may differ from the final, published version of the research and has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies. To read and/or cite from the published version of the research, please visit the publisher’s website (a subscription may be required.) Proceedings of the 3rd Biennial Research Through Design Conference What’s A Mallet For: A Woodworker’s Critique of The Workmanship of Risk Philip Luscombe Luscombe, P. -
SIMPLEX Splitting Axe• Thin Shape, with Cast Iron Housing and Hickory
Forestry Tools SIMPLEX splitting axe SIMPLEX splitting axe • thin shape, with cast iron housing and hickory handle 3007.750 Product Description Combining two tools into one, a splitting axe and a soft-face mallet of the highest professional quality, Halder's SIMPLEX splitting axes offer a significant savings in cost compared to the individual purchases of the tools. The top-tier quality of the product has been confirmed by the committee for forestry work and forestry technology (KWF). The drop-forged and hardened axe blade is ground and polished. Its slender shape makes it ideal for splitting coniferous wood. The leather cutting protection prevents injury during transport. The superplastic insert with D50mm is a medium hard plastic insert made of extruded and extremely homogeneous material. Compared to injection moulded plastic inserts, it is therefore considerably more wear-resistant and durable. Using the soft side when wedging the wood open entirely eliminates the risk of injury from metal splinters. What is more, the service life of plastic and aluminium wedges is extended substantially. Made of cast iron, the housing comes with an integrated handle protection sleeve that provides for a high level of break resistance. The long-fibre and ultra durable hickory handle is varnished and shaped ergonomically. The total weight is 2,700g. In line with the smart SIMPLEX principle, all components are replaceable and can be retrofitted. This translates to savings in both money and resources. Product features: • 2 tools in 1: Splitting axe plus soft-face mallet, considerably less costly than buying the tools individually. • The drop-forged axe blade with its thin shape is ideal for splitting coniferous wood. -
1. Hand Tools 3. Related Tools 4. Chisels 5. Hammer 6. Saw Terminology 7. Pliers Introduction
1 1. Hand Tools 2. Types 2.1 Hand tools 2.2 Hammer Drill 2.3 Rotary hammer drill 2.4 Cordless drills 2.5 Drill press 2.6 Geared head drill 2.7 Radial arm drill 2.8 Mill drill 3. Related tools 4. Chisels 4.1. Types 4.1.1 Woodworking chisels 4.1.1.1 Lathe tools 4.2 Metalworking chisels 4.2.1 Cold chisel 4.2.2 Hardy chisel 4.3 Stone chisels 4.4 Masonry chisels 4.4.1 Joint chisel 5. Hammer 5.1 Basic design and variations 5.2 The physics of hammering 5.2.1 Hammer as a force amplifier 5.2.2 Effect of the head's mass 5.2.3 Effect of the handle 5.3 War hammers 5.4 Symbolic hammers 6. Saw terminology 6.1 Types of saws 6.1.1 Hand saws 6.1.2. Back saws 6.1.3 Mechanically powered saws 6.1.4. Circular blade saws 6.1.5. Reciprocating blade saws 6.1.6..Continuous band 6.2. Types of saw blades and the cuts they make 6.3. Materials used for saws 7. Pliers Introduction 7.1. Design 7.2.Common types 7.2.1 Gripping pliers (used to improve grip) 7.2 2.Cutting pliers (used to sever or pinch off) 2 7.2.3 Crimping pliers 7.2.4 Rotational pliers 8. Common wrenches / spanners 8.1 Other general wrenches / spanners 8.2. Spe cialized wrenches / spanners 8.3. Spanners in popular culture 9. Hacksaw, surface plate, surface gauge, , vee-block, files 10. -
Book-Matching Legs 1 Diagonally Opposed Legs
Tips & Tricks Switch location of Rotate remaining Book-matching legs 1 diagonally opposed legs. 2 legs 180°. When making a project with four square legs, such as the jewelry chest on page Use riftsawn stock 36, a nice visual touch is to configure the (with diagonal annular rings). legs to display book-matched grain when viewed from any side of the piece. Here’s how to do it: Begin with a square piece of riftsawn stock the length of the legs. It Triangle reference should be twice the thickness of a finished mark leg, plus about 1/4". Draw a triangle on one end, and then rip the piece into quarters to make four individual leg blanks. Using Book-matched Book-matched the triangle as a reference, reconstitute the faces faces pieces back into their original order, and number the ends as shown. Then switch the position of two diagonally placed legs, Share a Slick Tip. Win Cash or a Prize! and rotate the remaining two legs 180°. Awards Send your ideas to: Top Tip award: $250 Woodcraft Gift Card Tips & Tricks, Woodcraft Magazine, Maintaining this relationship of the legs Published illustrated tip: $125 P.O. Box 7020, Parkersburg, WV 26102-7020 on the project will create book-matched Published non-illustrated tip $75 or visit woodcraftmagazine.com and click “contact”. leg grain on each face of the piece. Important: Please include your phone number, as an editor may need to call you if your trick —Geoffrey Noden, Trenton, New Jersey is considered for publication. Published tips become the property of Woodcraft Magazine. -
Report of the Quartermaster- General of the State of New Jersey, for The
You are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library •i '-"Mtv You are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library You are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2009 with funding from Lyrasis IVIembers and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/reportofquarterm1895newj You are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library You are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Document No. 35. RE PORT Quarterinaster General STATE OF NEW JERSEY, For the Year 1895. You are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library You are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library REPORT. State of New Jersey, i Office of the Quartermaster-General, >- Trenton, October 31, 1895. ; To the Governor and Commander-in-Chief: As directed by law. I have the honor to submit the annual re- port of the workings of the Quartermaster- General's Department for the fiscal year ended October 31, 1895. The duties of Quartermaster-Greneral include also those of Com- missary-General. Paymaster-General and Chief of Ordnance. The Quartermaster-General also acts as Chief Medical Purveyor and Storekeeper. The service arm of the State is the Springtield Rifle, calibre 45, and the condition of those in possession of the several organizations of the National Guard, after twenty years of service, as is evi- denced by an examination of the annual returns, are in as good condition as could be expected, and for actual service in the field or streets would still be most effective weapons in the hands of our troops so long familiarized with their use by many years of practice on the State rifle ranges.