Barnewsthe JOURNAL of the NSW BAR ASSOCIATION | AUTUMN 2015
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Justice and Efficiency in Mega-Litigation
Justice and Efficiency in Mega-Litigation Anna Olijnyk Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Adelaide Law School The University of Adelaide October 2014 ii CONTENTS Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... ix Declaration .................................................................................................................................. x Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................... xi Note on Referencing Conventions ......................................................................................... xii Part I: The Problem .................................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1: Introduction ......................................................................................................... 3 I Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 3 II Significance and Limits of the Study ........................................................................... 6 III Methodology and Structure ......................................................................................... 8 Chapter 2: Justice and Efficiency as Aims of Civil Procedure ....................................... 12 I Introduction ................................................................................................................... -
Whitlam As Internationalist: a Centenary Reflection
WHITLAM AS INTERNATIONALIST: A CENTENARY REFLECTION T HE HON MICHAEL KIRBY AC CMG* Edward Gough Whitlam, the 21st Prime Minister of Australia, was born in July 1916. This year is the centenary of his birth. It follows closely on his death in October 2014 when his achievements, including in the law, were widely debated. In this article, the author reviews Whitlam’s particular interest in international law and relations. It outlines the many treaties that were ratified by the Whitlam government, following a long period of comparative disengagement by Australia from international treaty law. The range, variety and significance of the treaties are noted as is Whitlam’s attraction to treaties as a potential source of constitutional power for the enactment of federal laws by the Australian Parliament. This article also reviews Whitlam’s role in the conduct of international relations with Australia’s neighbours, notably the People’s Republic of China, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and Indochina. The reconfiguration of geopolitical arrangements is noted as is the close engagement with the United Nations, its agencies and multilateralism. Whilst mistakes by Whitlam and his government are acknowledged, his strong emphasis on international law, and treaty law in particular, was timely. It became a signature theme of his government and life. CONTENTS I Introduction .............................................................................................................. 852 II Australia’s Ratification of International Treaties ................................................. -
Herbert Vere Evatt, the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights After 60 Years
238 (2009) 34 UWA LAW REVIEW Herbert Vere Evatt, the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights After 60 Years MICHAEL KIRBY AC CMG* ERBERT VERE EVATT was a product of public schools. He attended Fort HStreet Boys’ High School in Sydney, the oldest public school in Australia, as I later did. That school has refl ected the ethos of public education in Australia: free, compulsory and secular. These values infl uenced Evatt’s values as they did my own.1 As an Australian lawyer, Evatt stood out. He was a Justice of the High Court of Australia for 10 years in the 1930s. However, his greatest fame was won by his leadership role in the formation of the United Nations and in the adoption of its Charter in 1945. He was elected the third President of the General Assembly. He was in the chair of the Assembly, on 10 December 1948, when it voted to accept the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).2 It is 60 years since that resolution of 1948. In the imagination of immature schoolchildren, like me, in the 1940s and 1950s, the Hiroshima cloud was imprinted on our consciousness. We knew (perhaps more than Australians do today) how important it was for the survival of the human species that the United Nations should be effective, including in the attainment of the values expressed in its new UDHR. When I arrived at high school in 1951, Evatt was honoured as a famous alumnus. By then, he was no longer a judge or Federal minister. -
Second Reading Speech
DRAFT SECOND READING SPEECH HON WILL HODGMAN MP Constitution Amendment (House of Assembly Electoral Boundaries) Bill 2018 *check Hansard for delivery* I move – That the Constitution Amendment (House of Assembly Electoral Boundaries) Bill 2018 now be read for the second time. The Commonwealth recently reviewed the House of Representatives boundaries in Tasmania. This review was part of an independent redistribution of federal electoral boundaries, required under the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918. The previous redistribution of the federal electoral boundaries in Tasmania was completed in 2009. The redistribution of electoral boundaries usually reflects population changes to ensure an even and fair allocation of voters among the electorates. Having even electorates is an important element of retaining ‘fairness’ in our voting system and indeed our democracy. On 14 November 2017, the Commonwealth augmented Electoral Commission for Tasmania announced new boundaries for the federal electorates in Tasmania. The augmented Commission consisted of the three members of the Australian Electoral Commission, the Australian Electoral Officer for Tasmania, Mr David Molnar, the Surveyor-General of Tasmania, Mr Michael Giudici, and the Auditor-General of Tasmania, Mr Rod Whitehead. The augmented Commission also announced that the division of ‘Denison’ be renamed to the division of ‘Clark’. This name change recognises the role of Andrew Inglis Clark in the creation of the Australian Federation. The new name and boundary changes will apply from the next federal election. However, these Commonwealth changes do not automatically apply as State electoral boundaries in Tasmania. In the past, the Tasmanian Parliament has chosen to adopt the Commonwealth House of Representatives boundaries for the purposes of House of Assembly divisions by amending the Constitution Act 1934 to ensure they coincide. -
Autumn 2015 Newsletter
WELCOME Welcome to the CHAPTER III Autumn 2015 Newsletter. This interactive PDF allows you to access information SECTION NEWS easily, search for a specific item or go directly to another page, section or website. If you choose to print this pdf be sure to select ‘Fit to A4’. III PROFILE LINKS IN THIS PDF GUIDE TO BUTTONS HIGH Words and numbers that are underlined are COURT & FEDERAL Go to main contents page dynamic links – clicking on them will take you COURTS NEWS to further information within the document or to a web page (opens in a new window). Go to previous page SIDE TABS AAT NEWS Clicking on one of the tabs at the side of the Go to next page page takes you to the start of that section. NNTT NEWS CONTENTS Welcome from the Chair 2 Feature Article One: No Reliance FEATURE Necessary for Shareholder Class ARTICLE ONE Section News 3 Actions? 12 Section activities and initiatives Feature Article Two: Former employees’ Profile 5 entitlement to incapacity payments under the Safety, Rehabilitation and FEATURE Law Council of Australia / Federal Compensation Act 1988 (Cth) 14 ARTICLE TWO Court of Australia Case Management Handbook Feature Article Three: Contract-based claims under the Fair Work Act post High Court of Australia News 8 Barker 22 Practice Direction No 1 of 2015 FEATURE Case Notes: 28 ARTICLE THREE Judicial appointments and retirements Independent Commission against High Court Public Lecture 2015 Corruption v Margaret Cunneen & Ors [2015] HCA 14 CHAPTER Appointments Australian Communications and Media Selection of Judicial speeches -
Situating Women Judges on the High Court of Australia: Not Just Men in Skirts?
Situating Women Judges on the High Court of Australia: Not Just Men in Skirts? Kcasey McLoughlin BA (Hons) LLB (Hons) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, the University of Newcastle January 2016 Statement of Originality This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to the final version of my thesis being made available worldwide when deposited in the University's Digital Repository, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Kcasey McLoughlin ii Acknowledgments I am most grateful to my principal supervisor, Jim Jose, for his unswerving patience, willingness to share his expertise and for the care and respect he has shown for my ideas. His belief in challenging disciplinary boundaries, and seemingly limitless generosity in mentoring others to do so has sustained me and this thesis. I am honoured to have been in receipt of his friendship, and owe him an enormous debt of gratitude for his unstinting support, assistance and encouragement. I am also grateful to my co-supervisor, Katherine Lindsay, for generously sharing her expertise in Constitutional Law and for fostering my interest in the High Court of Australia and the judges who sit on it. Her enthusiasm, very helpful advice and intellectual guidance were instrumental motivators in completing the thesis. The Faculty of Business and Law at the University of Newcastle has provided a supportive, collaborative and intellectual space to share and debate my research. -
Situating Equitable Estoppel Within the Law of Obligations
Situating Equitable Estoppel Within the Law of Obligations The expansion of the scope of equitable estoppel in recent years has raised im- portant questions about the role of the doctrine and its place within the frame- work of the law of obligations. Those theoretical questions have received surprisingly little attention in the Australian commentary. They have, how- ever, received rather more in England, and considerably more in the United States, where a substantive doctrine of promissory estoppel has played a prominent role in the law of obligations for some time.1 This article aims to examine the nature of the Australian doctrine as presently formulated and to situate it within the law of obligations. In doing so, the article will also draw together and evaluate the contending theories concerning the nature and role of equitable estoppel in Australia. The first part of the article will deal with the two most important historical theories concerning the role of a reliance-based doctrine of estoppel, classical contract theory and "death of contract" theory. The second part of the article will focus on the contemporary debate as to how equitable estoppel does and should operate, and the place of the doctrine within the law of obligations. The three contending theories are: promise theory (under which equitable estoppel is seen as a doctrine essentially concerned with the enforcement of promises which should be seen as, or adapted to become, part of the law of contract), conscience theory (which sees estoppel as a doctrine which oper- ates, or should operate, primarily by reference to the notion of unconscion- ability) and reliance theory (which is based on the notion that equitable estoppel is essentially concerned with protecting against harm resulting from reliance on the conduct of others).2 * LLM (Hons) (QW),Lecturer in Law, University of Canberra. -
Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania
Papers and Proceedings ofthe Royal Society ofTasmania, Volume 144, 2010 37 A LITTLE-KNOWN SCIENTIFIC CLUB IN HOBART, TASMANIA -ITS EARLY YEARS by D. A. Ratkowsky (with two tables) Ratkowsky, D.A. 2010 (30:xi): A little-known scientific club in Hobart, Tasmania ~ its early years. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society o/Tasmania 144: 37--42. ISSN 0080-4703. School ofAgricultural Science, University ofTasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. Email: [email protected] A hiscory of the early years (1935-1939) of the Biological Club in Hobart, Tasmania, is presented, describing brieRy the titles and content of some of the talks given in those formative years. The genesis of the Club is pur into the broader context of the development of science in Tasmania during that period. The question of why women were not included in the membership in the Club at that time is explored. Key Words: Tasmanian Biological Survey, foundation members, women members, Hobart, Tasmania, Biological Club. INTRODUCTION Tasmanian apples". Walter Carne was a foundation member of the Club and had a significant interest in it, but he left A meeting was held on 6 June 1935 at the house of Dr for the United Kingdom in 1936 to observe and report WL. Crowther (later Sir William Crowther) to discuss a upon the condition at arrival of fruit shipments there, as proposal that a Biological Club be formed in Hobart. In Tasmania at that time was Australias leading exporting state addition to Dr Crowther, WM. Carne, VV Hickman, D. for apples and pears (Martin 2004). -
Hutchins School Magazine, №136, 1983
13?S~c-;-h~o-;--ol~s~prinr--t _r_e_co_r_ds THE HUTCHINS SCHOOL MAGAZINE f' Friends', Number 136 WI Angus zs Dt C< A Chronicle of the year's events at the Hutchins School, Hobart, Tasmania , Jftw{D)l, j Xlm'"'"'"""' IInder I 1n cli(F)2, M OOmundul top medal clash l.G Bone ! prospect Parents told David seeking to lobby SCHOOL OFFICERS \ national title CAPTAIN OF SCHOOL A . Atkins I against PREFECTS A . Barnes, P. Bobrowski, G. Eagling, M. Elias, I I R. McDougall, J . Omond, R. Page, S. Parsons, P. Reynolds, D.J. Scrivener, D. Tennant, M . Triffitt. school cuts SUB-PREFECTS D. Bloomfield, D. Bullock, A . Docking, C. Hartley, S. Hodgson, J . Morrisby, S. Menzie, M. Turnbull. TASMANIAN parents with children in non-Government MAGAZINE COMMITTEE Master in Charge: L. Clipstone Esq . Joint Editors: D. Bloomfield, C. Hartley Committee: G. Braithwaite, M . Burbury, A. Campbell, :~,T-ITLE M . Cochrane, S. Hodgson, R. Matterson, M. Simpson, B. Tiefholz. LIBRARY COMMITTEE Master in Charge: R. Curnow Esq. Librarian: R. Roberts-Thompson Committee: A. Campbell, S. Hookway, L. Johnstone, R. Matterson, K. May, E. Ralston. STUDENTS' REPRESENTATIVE COUNCIL Master in Charge: P. Carey Esq . President: A. Barnes Vice-President: P. Bobrowski I Youth of Year Treasurer: J . Omond Secretary: R. McDougall CURRICULUM REVIEW COMMITTEE Master in Charge: C. Smith Esq . •TlrfO:'(nl l),s\ tJ T :Nn:ln13TennJnl ll \Ootllth~.: n:monal\c.t\C tr;J.I:Y'I outh ofIll asmanian I th< 1.,.., con<<"- h<.ng hdd '"cnnJUn~::;;,~ DovtdtoT Tcnoont ( 17). of Mtd· D•vtd who;· , ;0 h;s ''" · Prefect in Charge : J . -
3966 Tour Op 4Col
The Tasmanian Advantage natural and cultural features of Tasmania a resource manual aimed at developing knowledge and interpretive skills specific to Tasmania Contents 1 INTRODUCTION The aim of the manual Notesheets & how to use them Interpretation tips & useful references Minimal impact tourism 2 TASMANIA IN BRIEF Location Size Climate Population National parks Tasmania’s Wilderness World Heritage Area (WHA) Marine reserves Regional Forest Agreement (RFA) 4 INTERPRETATION AND TIPS Background What is interpretation? What is the aim of your operation? Principles of interpretation Planning to interpret Conducting your tour Research your content Manage the potential risks Evaluate your tour Commercial operators information 5 NATURAL ADVANTAGE Antarctic connection Geodiversity Marine environment Plant communities Threatened fauna species Mammals Birds Reptiles Freshwater fishes Invertebrates Fire Threats 6 HERITAGE Tasmanian Aboriginal heritage European history Convicts Whaling Pining Mining Coastal fishing Inland fishing History of the parks service History of forestry History of hydro electric power Gordon below Franklin dam controversy 6 WHAT AND WHERE: EAST & NORTHEAST National parks Reserved areas Great short walks Tasmanian trail Snippets of history What’s in a name? 7 WHAT AND WHERE: SOUTH & CENTRAL PLATEAU 8 WHAT AND WHERE: WEST & NORTHWEST 9 REFERENCES Useful references List of notesheets 10 NOTESHEETS: FAUNA Wildlife, Living with wildlife, Caring for nature, Threatened species, Threats 11 NOTESHEETS: PARKS & PLACES Parks & places, -
The Changing Position and Duties of Company Directors
CRITIQUE AND COMMENT THE CHANGING POSITION AND DUTIES OF COMPANY DIRECTORS T HE HON JUSTICE GEOFFREY NETTLE* In 1974, in the first edition of his Principles of Company Law, Professor Ford was able to say that directors’ duties were ‘not very demanding’. This lecture traces how the duties and standards of care demanded of company directors have increased since then. In doing so, it makes reference to the attenuated business judgment rule, comparing the positions in the United Kingdom and, briefly, South Africa. It then considers similarities and differences between the duties imposed on company directors, union officers and public officials. It suggests that, while the regulatory regimes that apply to company directors and union officers are strikingly different, there is little reason in principle why that should be so. For practical reasons, the same cannot be said of the differences between public officials and company directors or union officers. But it remains somewhat paradoxical that, although the actions of public officials may have far more broad- ranging effects on the nation’s wellbeing than the actions of any company director or union officer, public officials’ duties are much less onerous. CONTENTS I Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1403 II Directors’ Duties .................................................................................................... 1404 A The Development of Directors’ Duties in Equity ................................ -
ACHIEVEMENT and SHORTFALL in the NARCISSISTIC LEADER Gough Whitlam and Australian Politics
CHAPTER 12 ACHIEVEMENT AND SHORTFALL IN THE NARCISSISTIC LEADER Gough Whitlam and Australian Politics JAMES A. WALTER Conservative parties have dominated Australian federal politics since the Second World War. Coming to power in 1949 under Mr. (later Sir) Robert Menzies, the Liberal-Country party (L-CP) coalition held office continuously until 1972, when it was displaced by the reformist Aus tralian Labor party (ALP) government of Mr. Gough Whitlam. Yet the Whitlam ALP government served for only three years before losing office in unusual and controversial circumstances in 1975, since which time the conservative coalition has again held sway. It is my purpose here to examine the leadership of Gough Whitlam and the effects he had upon the fortunes of the ALP government. But first, it is essential to sketch briefly the political history of the years before Whitlam carne to power and the material conditions which the ALP administration en countered, for rarely can the success or failure of an administration be attributed solely to the qualities of an individual. In this case, the con tingencies of situation and history were surely as relevant as the charac teristics of leadership. In Australia, the period from the late 1940s until the late 1960s was, in relative terms, a time of plenty. Prices for Australian exports (agri cultural and later mineral products) were high, foreign investment in the economy flourished, and Robert Menzies' conservative government capitalized by astutely presenting itself as the beneficent author of these conditions. In reality, the government played little part, and develop- 231 C. B. Strozier et al.