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Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System - 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004 Race Equality –- the Home Secretary’S Employment Targets, 2005

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Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System - 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004 Race Equality –- the Home Secretary’S Employment Targets, 2005 Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System - 2005 A Home Office publication under section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 i Section 95 Criminal Justice Act 1991 Section 95 (1) The Secretary of State shall in each year publish such information, as he considers expedient for the purpose of: (a) enabling persons engaged in the administration of justice to become aware of the financial implications of their decisions; or (b) facilitating the performance of such persons of their duty to avoid discriminating against any persons on the ground of race or sex or any other improper ground. (2) Publication under subsection (1) above shall be effected in such a manner, as the Secretary of State considers appropriate for the purpose of bringing the information to the attention of the persons concerned. © Crown copyright 2006 ISBN 1 84473 895 7 ISSN 1473 1967 This publication is available on the RDS website: www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/index.htm ii Section 95 Contents PAGE List of tables iv Summary of main points vii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Developments in ethnic monitoring 3 Chapter 3 Victims and homicide 8 Chapter 4 Stop and searches – including under the Police and 22 Criminal Evidence Act and Terrorism Act Chapter 5 Arrests and cautions 35 Chapter 6 Prosecutions and sentencing 53 Chapter 7 Youth offending 67 Chapter 8 Probation 82 Chapter 9 Prisons 86 Chapter 10 Complaints against the police, prison & 92 probation services Chapter 11 Deaths in custody 97 Chapter 12 Practitioners in the Criminal Justice System 100 Appendices 109 Useful references 113 Contact points 118 Official publications on race and gender 118 iii Section 95 List of tables Page Table A Proportion (%) of ethnic groups at different stages of the vii criminal justice process, England and Wales, 2004/5 Table 3.1 Racist incidents for all police force areas 1997/8 to 2004/5 12 Table 3.2 Racially or religiously aggravated offences recorded by police 13 forces by offence type, 2003/4 and 2004/5, with clear-up rates for England and Wales Table 3.3 Number of persons cautioned or prosecuted at magistrates' 14 courts and the Crown Court for racially aggravated offences, by age group and result, 2004 Table 3.4 Homicides currently recorded by ethnic appearance of victim, 20 combined data for 2002/3, 2003/4 and 2004/5 Table 3.5 Ethnic appearance of currently recorded homicide victims by 21 ethnicity of principal suspect, combined data for 2002/3, 2003/4 and 2004/5 Table 3.6 Relationship of currently recorded homicide victims to principal 21 suspect, by ethnic appearance of victim, combined data for 2002/3, 2003/4 and 2004/5 Table 3.7 Apparent method of killing of currently recorded homicide 21 victims, by ethnic appearance of victim, combined data for 2002/3, 2003/4 and 2004/5 Table 4.1 Stop and searches of persons under s1 of the Police and 25 Criminal Evidence Act 1984, and other legislation, by ethnic appearance, 2004/5 Table 4.2 ‘Stop and searches’ of persons under s1 of the Police and 26 Criminal Evidence Act 1984, and other legislation, per 1,000 population, by police force area and ethnic appearance, 2003/4 and 2004/5 Table 4.3 Percentage of stop and searches under s1 of the Police and 27 Criminal Evidence Act 1984, and other legislation by reason for search and ethnic appearance, for selected police force areas, 2003/4 and 2004/5 Table 4.4 Percentage of ‘stop and searches’ under s1 of the Police and 30 Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and other legislation resulting in an arrest, by police force area and ethnicity, 2003/4 and 2004/5 Table 4.5 ‘Stop and searches’ of persons under s60 of the Criminal 31 Justice and Public Order Act 1994, by police force and ethnic appearance, 2004/5 Table 4.6 Total stop and searches under s44 (1) and (2) of the Terrorism 32 Act 2000 by police force area and ethnicity, 2003/4 and 2004/5 Table 4.7 Stop and searches of vehicle occupants under s44(1) of the 33 Terrorism Act 2000 and resultant arrests by ethnicity, selected areas, 2004/5 iv Section 95 Table 4.8 Stop and searches of pedestrians under s44(2) of the 34 Terrorism Act 2000 and resultant arrests by ethnicity, selected areas, 2004/5 Table 5.1 Total arrests for notifiable offences, by police force and ethnic 38 appearance, 2004/5 Table 5.2 Total arrests for notifiable offences per 1,000 population aged 39 10 and over, by police force and ethnicity, 2003/4 and 2004/5 Table 5.3 Arrests resulting from a stop and search under s1 of the Police 40 and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, as a percentage of total arrests for notifiable offences, by police force area and ethnic appearance, 2004/5 Table 5.4 Percentage breakdown by ethnic appearance of those arrested 41 for notifiable offences by offence group, selected areas, 2004/5 Table 5.5 Percentage breakdown by ethnic appearance for age groups of 44 those arrested for notifiable offences, selected areas, 2004/5 Table 5.6 Number of persons cautioned for notifiable offences, by police 46 force area and ethnic appearance, 2004 Table 5.7 Percentage of arrests which resulted in a caution for notifiable 47 offences, by police force area and ethnic appearance, 2004/5 Table 5.8 Percentage breakdown by ethnic appearance for age groups of 48 persons cautioned for notifiable offences, selected areas, 2004 Table 5.9 Percentage breakdown by ethnic appearance of persons 50 cautioned for notifiable offences, by offence group, selected areas, 2004 Table 6.1 Prosecutions for indictable offences at magistrates' courts by 55 outcome and ethnic appearance of defendant, selected areas, 2004 Table 6.2 Persons sentenced for indictable offences at magistrates' 57 courts by outcome and ethnic appearance of defendant, selected areas, 2004 Table 6.3 Persons tried for indictable offences at the Crown Court by 59 outcome and ethnic appearance, selected areas and England and Wales, 2004 Table 6.4 Persons sentenced for indictable offences at the Crown Court 62 by outcome and ethnic appearance of defendant, selected areas, 2004 Table 6.5 Persons sentenced for indictable offences at the Crown Court 65 by outcome, offence type and ethnic appearance, 2004 Table 7.1 Percentage of offences dealt with by Youth Offending Teams 69 by offence group and self-defined ethnicity, selected areas, 2004/5 Table 7.2 Pre-court decisions for offences where defendants are aged 73 between 10-17 by decision and self-defined ethnicity, selected areas, 2004/5 v Section 95 Table 7.3 Sentencing for offences committed by 10-17-year-olds by self- 76 defined ethnicity, selected areas, 2004/5 Table 8.1 Percentage of persons starting court order supervision by the 84 Probation Service, by ethnic group and area, October to December 2004 Table 8.2 Percentage of persons starting pre- or post-release supervision 85 by the Probation Service, by ethnic group and area, October to December 2004 Table 9.1 Population in prison establishments by self-identified ethnic 87 group, gender, British Nationals and all Nationalities, 30 June 2005. Table 9.2 Prison population by ethnic group, type of prisoner, age group, 89 offence group and sentence length, 30 June 2005 Table 9.3 Sentenced prisoners by court sentencing area, received into 90 prison establishments, by ethnicity, year ending March 2005 Table 9.4 Sentenced prison receptions by offence type and ethnicity, year 91 ending March 2005 Table 10.1 Police recorded ethnicity of complainant, year ending March 94 2005 Table 10.2 Outcome of completed complaints of discriminatory behaviour, 95 by police force area, year ending March 2005 Table 11.1 Deaths during or following contact with the police by ethnicity, 98 gender, age and cause of death, 2004/5 Table 11.2 Self-inflicted deaths in prison by self-identified ethnicity, 98 gender, age and cause of death, 2004/5 Table 11.3 Deaths in prison resulting from natural and other causes by 99 self-identified ethnicity, gender, age and cause of death, 2004/5 Table 12.1 Police Service staff by ethnicity, 2004/5 (as at 31 March 2005) 101 Table 12.2 Prison Service staff by ethnicity, 2004/5 (as at 31 March 2005) 102 Table 12.3 Probation Service staff in post by ethnicity 104 Table 12.4 Crown Prosecution Service staff by ethnicity, 2004/5 105 Table 12.5 Employment in the Criminal Justice System, 2004/5 106 Appendix A Estimated population aged 10 and over by ethnic origin and 110 police force area, mid-2004 Appendix A2Estimated population aged 10 and over, percentage by ethnic 111 origin and police force area, mid-2001 Appendix B Correspondence of ethnic classifications 112 vi Section 95 Summary This report replaces the one published and withdrawn on 30 March 2006 and follows a full check on all the data included. At a general level, all Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) groups have a higher representation as users of the Criminal Justice System (CJS) when compared to their representation as members of the population as a whole. This is especially true for Black and Asian suspects and offenders. Black and Asian people experience a greater likelihood of being stopped and searched. Moreover, Black defendants are more prominent in the Crown Court caseload, although this is partly due to a tendency to elect for jury trial more often than other ethnic groups, including White. Furthermore, Black people are also overrepresented in the prison population reflecting, at least in part, the longer average sentences imposed upon them.
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