Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Archaeology Volume 2016, Article ID 8760513, 19 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8760513 Research Article Antikythera Mechanism and the Ancient World A. N. Safronov1,2 1 A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Pyzhyovskiy Pereulok, Moscow 119017, Russia 2The Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, 52 Bolshaya Tulskaya Street, Moscow 115191, Russia Correspondence should be addressed to A. N. Safronov; safronov
[email protected] Received 4 October 2015; Revised 15 December 2015; Accepted 16 December 2015 Academic Editor: I. Liritzis Copyright © 2016 A. N. Safronov. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In this historical review, the opinions of Ancient Greece philosophers, astronomers, and poets such as Thales Milesian, Pythagoras, Plato, Eudoxus, Aristotle, Archimedes, Cicero, Diogenes Laertius, Iamblichus, Plutarch, Homer,andAratus about the planet position calculations and about the possibility of predictions of natural phenomena are analyzed. The planet positions were predicted before Eudoxus (probably before Philolaus) by a spindle of Ananke and after Eudoxus by Antikythera mechanism. Following Pythagoras and Plato, it is established that the regular seismoacoustic observations were performed. In the Ancient World in the Mediterranean area, there was an extensive network of acoustic stations (∼10 pcs), which were located in close proximity to the geologic faults. Also, itisshownthattheshipthatwascarryingAntikytheramechanism(A-Ship)wasbuiltin244BCinSyracusewithdirectparticipation of Archimedes and Archias from Corinthian. Later, the A-Ship was a part of the Roman Republic safety system.