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Baugeschichte: Renaissance

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Baugeschichte: Renaissance Kuppel und Zentralbau 1500–1750 Von der Renaissance zum Spätbarock Stefan M. Holzer, ETH Zürich Kuppeln vor 1500 Die Tradition der mittelalterlichen Vierungskuppel Pisa, Dom, Kuppel Pisa, Dom, Kuppel Rom, Santa Maria del Popolo. Vierungskuppel 1473–77. Rom, Santa Maria del Popolo. Vierungskuppel 1473–77. Rom, Santa Maria del Popolo (Stich von Israel Silvestre um 1640, Detail) Turin, Dom (Kuppel 1495–98, vordere der beiden Kuppeln!) Turin, Dom (1495–98) Cortona, Santa Maria delle Grazie al Calcinaio, Kuppel 1508–14 (Foto: Stefano Sansavini, CC BY 4.0) Cortona, Santa Maria delle Grazie al Calcinaio, Grundriss (Zeichnung: Matracchi 1992) Cortona, Santa Maria delle Grazie al Calcinaio, Schnitt durch die Kuppel (Zeichnung: Matracchi 1992) Loreto, Kuppel (1498–1500) und Vorbild Florenz Kuppeln vor 1500 Das Pantheon, ein Modell? Rom, Pantheon, Kuppel Rimini, Tempio Malatestiano. Von Alberti projektierte Kuppel (Matteo de‘Pasti, Medaille zur Grundsteinlegung 1450) Florenz, Santissima Annunziata (Michelozzo ab 1444; Plan: Laspeyres 1882) Santissima Annunziata. Zum Vergleich: Tempel der Minerva Medica, Rom (Plan; Rivoira 1925; Ruinenansicht: Giambattista Piranesi 1756, Graph. Sammlg. ETH Zürich) Florenz, Santissima Annunziata. Kuppel nach Entwurf von Michelozzo ausgeführt ab 1470 von Alberti. Zum Vergleich: Rom, Pantheon Florenz, Santissima Annunziata. Kuppel nach Entwurf von Michelozzo ausgeführt ab 1470 von Alberti. (Grundriss und Schnitt: Roselli 1971) Florenz, Santissima Annunziata. Kuppel nach Entwurf von Michelozzo ausgeführt ab 1470 von Alberti. Vollendet 1477. Dekoration 17. Jh. Durchmesser 22.5 m. Florenz, Santissima Annunziata. Kuppel nach Entwurf von Michelozzo ausgeführt ab 1470 von Alberti. (Schaubild: P.A. Rossi in Roselli 1971) Rom, Santa Maria della Pace (ca. 1480–90) (Grundriss: Riccardi 1981) Rom, Santa Maria della Pace (ca. 1480–90) (Schnitt: Domenico de‘ Rossi 1721) Rom, Santa Maria della Pace (ca. 1480–90; Aufriss: Domenico de‘Rossi 1721) Rom, Santa Maria della Pace (ca. 1480–90; Kuppel Antonio da Sangallo 1520–24; Laterne 17. Jh.) Der Zentralbau als „forma più perfetta di tutte le altre“ und der Kirchenbau 1485–1550 Pisa, Baptisterium Pisa, Baptisterium (isabelle 1855) Florenz, Santa Maria degli Angeli (Brunelleschi ab 1434, unvollendet; heutige Form 1936) Florenz, Santa Maria degli Angeli, Grundriss nach Giuliano da Sangallo (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Cod. Val. Barb. lat. 4424, fol. 17v.) 1480–1514: Ideale Zentralbauten und Bramantes Projekt für St. Peter in Rom Prato, Santa Maria delle Carceri (Entwurf von Giuliano da Sangallo, 1485) (Giuliano da Sangallo, Taccuino Senese; links Grundriss von San Lorenzo, Mailand) Prato, Santa Maria delle Carceri (Entwurf von Giuliano da Sangallo, 1485) (Grundriss: Morselli/Corti 1982, bearb.) Prato, Santa Maria delle Carceri (Entwurf von Giuliano da Sangallo, 1485) (Aufriss: Morselli/Corti 1982) Leonardo da Vinci, Zentralbauentwürfe ca. 1480–1500 (Manuskript im Institut de France, Paris; Abb. aus Geymüller 1875). Leonardo da Vinci, Zentralbauentwürfe ca. 1480–1500 (Manuskript im Institut de France, Paris; Abb. aus Geymüller 1875). Bramante in Mailand (ca. 1482–1499): Santa Maria presso San Satiro, Sakristei (ab 1482) Santa Maria delle Grazie, Hauptkuppel (ab 1493) Bramante in Mailand (Pläne: Zeitschrift f. Bauwesen 1881) Mailand, Santa Maria delle Grazie (Bramante ab 1493; Schnitt: Luca Beltrami 1929) Rom, San Pietro in Montorio, Tempietto (Bramante ab 1502) Rom, San Pietro in Montorio, Tempietto (Bramante ab 1502), Grundriss (Sebastiano Serlio, Terzo Libro, 1540/1600) Rom, San Pietro in Montorio, Tempietto (Bramante ab 1502) (Sebastiano Serlio, Terzo Libro, 1540/1600) Rom, St. Peter, Entwurf von Bramante 1505/06 für Papst Julius II (Giuliano della Rovere) (Uffizien Florenz GDSU 1A (durch Spiegelung nach unten ergänzt); Geymüller 1875) Rom, St. Peter, Entwurf von Bramante , System der Gewölbewiderlager (GDSU 1 A, bearb.) Rom, St. Peter, Entwurf von Bramante (Medaille zur Grundsateinlegung 1506 von Cristoforo Foppa genannt Caradosso; Geymüller 1875) Rom, St. Peter, durch Giuliano da Sangallo veränderter Bramante-Entwurf mit stärkeren Kuppelpfeilern (Uffizien GDSU 8Ar; Geymüller 1875) Rom, St. Peter, Bramantes Reaktion auf Giuliano da Sangallo (Uffizien GDSU 8Av; Geymüller 1875) Rom, St. Peter, neuer Entwurf Bramantes: Der Zentralbau wird mit einem Langhaus verbunden. (Uffizien GDSU 20A; Geymüller 1875) Rom, St. Peter, Entwurf von Bramante: Kuppel (New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, Codex Mellon, fol. 71 v., um 1513) Rom, St. Peter, Entwurf von Bramante: Kuppel (Serlio 1540/1600) Verona, San Bernardino, Cappella Pellegrini (Michele Sanmicheli 1527) direktes Echo von Bramantes Tambourgestaltung für St. Peter Rom, Chigi-Kapelle an Santa Maria del Popolo (Raffael, ab 1513) (Schnitt: Domenico de‘ Rossi 1721) Rom, Chigi-Kapelle an Santa Maria del Popolo (Raffael, ab 1513). Kuppelpfeiler. (Schnitt: Domenico de‘ Rossi 1721) Rom, St. Peter. Planung unter Raffael (1514–1520) (Entwurf ca. 1518; Serlio 1540/1600) Rom, St. Peter. Zustand in den 1530er Jahren (Zeichnung von Maarten van Heemskerck; Geymüller 1875) Im Bann von Bramantes St.-Peter-Projekt: Ideen und Projekte zu Kirchen auf Zentralbaugrundriss 1506–1546 Todi, Santa Maria della Consolazione (ab 1506) Todi, Santa Maria della Consolazione (ab 1506; Grundriss: Laspeyres 1873) Todi, Santa Maria della Consolazione (ab 1506, Kuppel erst 1606) Todi, Santa Maria della Consolazione (ab 1506, Kuppel erst 1606; Schnitt: Laspeyres 1873) Todi, Santa Maria della Consolazione (ab 1506) Bögen unter der Kuppel mit Eisenankern (1539, heute teils erneuert) Cellere (Prov. Viterbo), Sant‘ Egidio (Antonio da Sangallo d.J., 1513) Cellere (Prov. Viterbo), Sant‘ Egidio (Antonio da Sangallo d.J., 1513) (Isometrie: Frommel 1986) Cellere (Prov. Viterbo), Sant‘ Egidio (Antonio da Sangallo d.J., 1513), Inneres Cellere (Prov. Viterbo), Sant‘ Egidio (Antonio da Sangallo d.J., 1513), Inneres Cellere (Prov. Viterbo), Sant‘ Egidio (Antonio da Sangallo d.J, 1513), Wölbung eines Nebenraums in Bruchstein Rom, Santa Maria di Loreto (Antonio da Sangallo d. J., 1518; Grundriss: D. Rossi 1721; Schnitt: G.G. Rossi 1684) Entwurf für San Giovanni dei Fiorentini (Antonio da Sangallo d. J., 1518/19; Stich: Labacco 1557) Entwurf für San Giovanni dei Fiorentini (Antonio da Sangallo d. J., 1518; Stich: Labacco 1557) Entwurf für den Weiterbau von St. Peter (Antonio da Sangallo d. J., 1539) Stich: A. Salamanca um 1546 nach dem Modell von A. Labacco (Metropolitan Museum, New York) Entwurf für den Weiterbau von St. Peter (Antonio da Sangallo d. J., 1539) Stich: A. Salamanca um 1546 nach dem Modell von A. Labacco (Metropolitan Museum. New York) Details zum Kuppelprojekt Antonios da Sangallo d. J. (1539–46) Stich: A. Salamanca um 1546 nach dem Modell von A. Labacco (Metropolitan Museum. New York) Parma, Madonna della Steccata (Detail der Kuppel, vielleicht unter Beratung durch Antonio da Sangallo d. J., 1526) Montepulciano, Madonna di San Biagio (Antonio da Sangallo d.Ä., 1518–43) Montepulciano, Madonna di San Biagio (Antonio da Sangallo d.Ä., 1518–43) (Grundrisse: Allgemeine Bauzeitung 1870) Montepulciano, Madonna di San Biagio (Antonio da Sangallo d.Ä., 1518–43) Montepulciano, Madonna di San Biagio (Antonio da Sangallo d.Ä., 1518–43) (Schnitt: Allgemeine Bauzeitung 1870) Montepulciano, Madonna di San Biagio, Kuppel (Antonio da Sangallo d.Ä., 1518–43) Montepulciano, Madonna di San Biagio (Antonio da Sangallo d.Ä., 1518–43) Montepulciano, Madonna di San Biagio (Antonio da Sangallo d.Ä., 1518–43). Kuppelpfeiler und Blendarkaden (zum Vergleich: Petersdom Bramante/Sangallo, Ausschnitt aus Kupferstich Salamanca 1539) Rom, im 16. Jahrhundert noch sichtbare Reste der Basilica Aemilia mit dorischen „colonne quadrate“ (Labacco 1552, Ausschnitt) Montepulciano, Madonna di San Biagio (Antonio da Sangallo d.Ä., 1518–43). Kuppelpfeiler und Blendarkaden. Michelangelo Buonarotti (1475–1564) und seine Pläne für St. Peter in Rom Rom, St. Peter, Plan Antonios da Sangallo d.Ä. (bis 1546) (Stich von A. Salamanca1546, Metropolitan Museum New York) Rom, St. Peter, Plan Michelangelos (nach 1546) (Stich von E. Dupérac, 1569, Metropolitan Museum New York) Rom, St. Peter, Pläne Antonios da Sangallo d.Ä. (bis 1546) und Michelangelos (nach 1546) im Vergleich (Stiche von A. Salamanca und E. Dupérac, Metropolitan Museum New York) Rom, St. Peter, südlicher Querhausarm (Michelangelo, 1547–1553) Rom, St. Peter, geplante Kuppel Michelangelos (Uffizien Florenz, GDSU 2031 A v., Detail) Rom, St. Peter, geplante Kuppel Michelangelos (Uffizien Florenz, GDSU 2031 A v., Detail, bearb.) Rom, St. Peter, geplante Kuppel Michelangelos (Uffizien Florenz, GDSU 2031 A v., Detail) Rom, St. Peter, geplante Kuppel Michelangelos (anonyme Zeichnung, Metropolitan Museum New York) Rom, St. Peter, geplante Kuppel Michelangelos (Stich von E. Dupérac, 1569, Metropolitan Museum NY) Rom, St. Peter, geplante Kuppel Michelangelos (Stich von E. Dupérac, 1569, Metropolitan Museum NY) Rom, St. Peter, geplante Kuppel Michelangelos (Stich von E. Dupérac, 1569, Metropolitan Museum NY) Rom, St. Peter, um 1563 (A. Dosio, Uffizi 91 A und Hamburger Kunsthalle 21311) Rom, St. Peter, Baustelle um 1581 (Frankfurt, Städelsches Kunstinstitut, 814 Z, CC BY-SA 4.0) Rom, St. Peter, Tambour (Zeichnung: A. Dosio, Metropolitan Museum New York) Rom, St. Peter, Tambour (Michelangelo, Sockel 1550–52, Tambour 1561–64) Echos auf Michelangelos Projekt Pistoia (Giorgio Vasari 1562–69) Rom, Santa Maria di Loreto (Giacomo del Duca, 1573–76) Pistoia, Madonna dell‘Umiltá
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