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Neotropical Hypocrella (Anamorph Aschersonia), Moelleriella, and Samuelsia

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Neotropical Hypocrella (Anamorph Aschersonia), Moelleriella, and Samuelsia Studies in Mycology 60 (2008) Neotropical Hypocrella (anamorph Aschersonia), Moelleriella, and Samuelsia Priscila Chaverri, Miao Liu and Kathie T. Hodge CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands An institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Neotropical Hypocrella (anamorph Aschersonia), Moelleriella, and Samuelsia STUDIE S IN MYCOLOGY 60, 2008 Studies in Mycology The Studies in Mycology is an international journal which publishes systematic monographs of filamentous fungi and yeasts, and in rare occasions the proceedings of special meetings related to all fields of mycology, biotechnology, ecology, molecular biology, pathology and systematics. For instructions for authors see www.cbs.knaw.nl. EXECUTIVE EDITOR Prof. dr Robert A. Samson, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] LAYOUT EDITOR Manon van den Hoeven-Verweij, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] SCIENTIFIC EDITOR S Prof. dr Uwe Braun, Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr Pedro W. Crous, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr David M. Geiser, Department of Plant Pathology, 121 Buckhout Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, U.S.A. 16802. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Lorelei L. Norvell, Pacific Northwest Mycology Service, 6720 NW Skyline Blvd, Portland, OR, U.S.A. 97229-1309. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Erast Parmasto, Institute of Zoology & Botany, 181 Riia Street, Tartu, Estonia EE-51014. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr Alan J.L. Phillips, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta de Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Amy Y. Rossman, Rm 304, Bldg 011A, Systematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A. 20705. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Keith A. Seifert, Research Scientist / Biodiversity (Mycology and Botany), Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, KW Neatby Bldg, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A OC6. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr Jeffrey K. Stone, Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Cordley 2082, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A. 97331-2902. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Richard C. Summerbell, 27 Hillcrest Park, Toronto, Ont. M4X 1E8, Canada. E-mail: [email protected] Copyright 2008 CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. You are free to share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author"s moral rights. Publication date: 15 March 2008 Published and distributed by CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. Internet: www.cbs.knaw.nl. E-mail: [email protected]. ISBN/EAN : 978-90-70351-70-0 Online ISSN : 1872-9797 Print ISSN : 0166-0616 Cover: Images of various species of Hypocrella, Moelleriella and Samuelsia. Top from left to right: Moelleriella macrostroma. Stroma; Moelleriella libera (anam. “A.” alyerodis). Conidiomata; Samuelsia geonomis. Stromata containing perithecia. Bottom from left to right: Moelleriella boliviensis. Asci with ascospores; Hypocrella hirsuta. Stromata; Hypocrella viridans. Conidia. Neotropical Hypocrella (anamorph Aschersonia), Moelleriella, and Samuelsia Priscila Chaverri Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street NW, Washington D.C. 20059, U.S.A. Miao Liu Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Biodiversity (Mycology and Botany), 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada Kathie T. Hodge Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science Building, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands An institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences CONTENTS Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 The genera Hypocrella/Aschersonia, Moelleriella, and Samuelsia ................................................................................................................. 2 Morphology and Taxonomy ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Taxonomic Background: Subdividing Hypocrella/Aschersonia s. l. ........................................................................................................... 4 Geographical Distribution .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Habitat ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Microclimate ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Host specificity, co-evolution, and adaptation ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Nutrition ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Life cycle and epidemiology ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Secondary metabolites produced by Hypocrella/Aschersonia and Moelleriella ........................................................................................ 7 Hypocrella/Aschersonia, Samuelsia, and Moelleriella in biological control of insects ............................................................................... 8 Materials and methods .................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Isolates and herbarium specimens ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 Morphological characterisation .................................................................................................................................................................. 8 DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 Phylogenetic analyses ............................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Results .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Phylogenetic analyses ............................................................................................................................................................................. 12 Hypocrella/Aschersonia, Samuelsia, and Moelleriella ...................................................................................................................... 12 Moelleriella ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Hypocrella/Aschersonia s. str. ........................................................................................................................................................... 13 Samuelsia ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Morphological analyses and geographical distribution ............................................................................................................................ 16 Moelleriella, Samuelsia, and Hypocrella/Aschersonia
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