DOCSLIB.ORG

The Soviet-Japanese War

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Soviet-Japanese War The Soviet-Japanese War Background: Japan in the 1930 Japan was one of the few Asian countries that managed to survive the Age of Imperialism. For two-hundred years Japan was run by a Samurai called a Shogun. These Shogun’s isolated Japan until the 1850’s. In 1853, an American expedition led by Commodore Matthew Perry who was sent to open up Japan. He sent a request to the Shogun stating that he had the choice of opening up Japan, or have Edo (now Tokyo), blown up by his ships. Matthew Perry gave the Shogun one year, after which Perry would come back to hear his answer with more ships. The Japanese had observed the defeat of China during the Opium Wars, and realized that they cannot compete with the Western Powers. A year later, Perry came back with more ships and the Shogun decided to open up Japan. After this, Japan started to rapidly modernize. After a civil war, the Emperor of Japan, the young Emperor Meiji, established a new centralized government that was centered on him and his cabinet. Background: Soviet Union in the 1930 Then in 1894-1895, Japan went to war with China and crushed them. As a result, they gained the title of the most powerful Asian country. However, when Japan occupied Korea, Taiwan, and the Liaodong Peninsula, European Powers demanded that Japan hand over the Peninsula back to the Chinese. Emperor Meiji understood that the Western Powers intended to push Japan out of the picture. Japan’s sphere of influence came into conflict with another power: the Russian Empire. The Russians, like the Japanese, intended to push into Northern China, particularly the mineral rich region of Manchuria, which was under the control of the Qing Dynasty. These tensions boiled over into the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905. This war was a resounding victory for Japan. This victory stunned the West and made Russia a laughing stock. During the First World War, Japan allied with the British and played a major role in the war in the Pacific by taking over Pacific Islands owned by the Germans. However, after the war, Japan, taking advantage of a deteriorating China, began imposing more hardships to keep Japan's influence in the region. Expansion & Conflict: Japan is an island nation with no new natural resources. The Japanese Government was split on where to look to expand. They Army supported, “Hokushin-Ron” or Northern Expansion Doctrine. This operation was a mission to invade Manchuria, Mongolia, and Siberia to gain access to their vast grain, minerals, and natural gas reserves. Meanwhile, the Japanese Imperial Navy supported "Nanshin-Ron", or the Southern Expansion Doctrine, which stated that Japan should go after the colonies in South East Asia and the US owned Pacific Island. However, at the time, Japan had to consistently rely on the United States for oil and therefore could not risk an attack islands in the Pacific and South East Asian Colonies. By 1932 Japan had complete control over Manchuria. Manchuria had huge coal and mineral deposits that the Japanese were in dire need of. Taking advantage of the fact that China was in the middle of the Chinese Civil War which provided the perfect time for the Japanese to attack. Battle of Lake Khasan: The Battle of Lake Khasan was the first major confrontation between the Soviets and the Japanese. Lake Khasan is located on the border of Russia and Korea, however the Japanese claimed it as belonging to them rightfully. This battle took place on the border between the Japanese Puppet State of Manchukuo and the Soviet Union. The battle started when Manchurian cavalry began an assault on a Soviet armor division. The Soviets however were quick to reinforce their positions and, in the end, they were able to push the Japanese and Manchurians back into China. The Soviet Marshal Georgy Zhukov was later put in charge of the region. Battle of Khalkin Gol: Mongolia was under the leadership of Choi Bolson who was basically a Soviet puppet. Bolson was, (for obvious reasons), concerned that the Japanese will use Manchukuo as a base of operations to attack Mongolia. He allowed Soviet troops under Field Marshall Georgy Zhukov to station themselves along the border of Mongolia and Manchuria. Finally, in May of 1939, near the town of Khalkhin Gol, the Soviets and Japanese finally engaged. The Soviets vastly outnumbered the Japanese but the Japanese had more experienced troops. Japan used their infamous Kwantung Army which was the backbone of Japanese Army in Manchuria. The Soviet armor units were decimated by Japanese anti-tank units. However, this battle revealed the capability of Marshal Georgy Zhukov and he would later go on to defeat Germany and take Berlin. This was the largest battle before WWII with over 100,000 troops, 600 tanks, and 1300 planes. This battle also forced the Japanese to scrap the Northern Expansion Doctrine which forced them to pursue the Southern Expansion Doctrine and brought them into conflict with the United States. End and Result: In February of 1945, the Allied met at the port city of Yalta in the Soviet Union. Along with deciding the future of Europe, sitting President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, tried to convince Soviet Premiere Joseph Stalin, to join the war against Japan. Then on August 6th, 1945, America dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Then on August 9th, 1945, just a few hours before the 2nd atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, 1.5 million Soviet troops stormed into Manchuria from the Mongolian & Russian borders and attacked the Japanese forces. The prestigious Japanese Kwantung Army was overwhelmed by sheer numbers and the massive tanks of the Soviet war machine. In less than a month Stalin managed to capture Manchuria, Northern China and half of Korea. This move was far more likely a cause for surrender because even though the United States had relentlessly firebombed Japan, the Japanese still refused to surrender. It was not until August 15th when the Japanese Emperor announced their surrender, the Soviet Union continued to rip into China. However, not all troops surrendered immediately so the fighting continued until September 2 when Japan signed an official surrender. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jacobs – Soviet Far East Geography 1930S
    THE NEW YORK TIMES The Opinion Pages The Opinionator Exclusive Online Commentary from The Times February 21, 2012 Manchurian Trivia By FRANK JACOBS Borderlines explores the global map, one line at a time. Here’s a bit of insight into the mind of a budding map-head. While my grade-school geography teacher attempted to stuff our heads with tables on the average rainfall in the Amazon and graphs on the relevance of the Donbas [1] for the Soviet economy, I kept staring at the page showing East Asia, wondering: Does Russia share a border with North Korea, or does China touch the sea? The map stubbornly refused to yield enough detail for an answer. The line that defined China’s borders with North Korea and Russia was inked too thickly to determine whether there was a Chinese-Russian-North Korean tripoint on land (but very close to shore), or a Chinese (but very narrow) beachfront on the Sea of Japan [2]. Both options seemed bizarre, yet either would have obvious geopolitical implications: in the former case, Russia would have unimpeded traffic with North Korea; in the latter, China would have direct access to a strategic body of water. Did the mapmakers deliberately gloss over the issue, not wanting to be bothered with such trivia [3]? It’s more likely that they too didn’t quite know where to draw the line: the last border disputes in the area, a region with some of the world’s tightest, most heavily policed borders, were settled less than a decade ago. Even then, the border is too intricate to display adequately on a small- scale map [4]; you can see it with a zoomable online map, but you have to get in pretty close to see what the dickens is going on.
    [Show full text]
  • Record of the Istanbul Process 16/18 for Combating Intolerance And
    2019 JAPAN SUMMARY REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS EVENT SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 3 PLENARY SESSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 7 LAUNCHING THE 2019 G20 INTERFAITH FORUM.......................................................................... 7 FORMAL FORUM INAUGURATION – WORKING FOR PEACE, PEOPLE, AND PLANET: CHALLENGES TO THE G20 ............................................................................................................... 14 WHY WE CAN HOPE: PEACE, PEOPLE, AND PLANET ................................................................. 14 ACTION AGENDAS: TESTING IDEAS WITH EXPERIENCE FROM FIELD REALITIES ........... 15 IDEAS TO ACTION .............................................................................................................................. 26 TOWARDS 2020 .................................................................................................................................... 35 CLOSING PLENARY ............................................................................................................................ 42 PEACE WORKING SESSIONS ................................................................................................................ 53 FROM VILE TO VIOLENCE: FREEDOM OF RELIGION & BELIEF & PEACEBUILDING ......... 53 THE DIPLOMACY OF RELIGIOUS PEACEBUILDING ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Lawsuit Seeks Japanese Government Compensation for Siberian Detention
    Volume 7 | Issue 48 | Number 1 | Article ID 3261 | Nov 30, 2009 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Lawsuit Seeks Japanese Government Compensation for Siberian Detention: Who was Responsible for Abandoning Japanese Soldiers and Settlers in Mainland Asia After World War II? 連載特集 法廷で裁かれる日本の戦争責任４０。賠償起訴の 始まり シベリア抑留国家賠償請求起訴日本政府の棄兵、棄民政策を問 う。 Murai Toyoaki Lawsuit Seeks Japanese Government Declaration—August 15, 19453—the Soviet Compensation for SiberianUnion declared war against Japan on August 8, Detention: Who was Responsible for 1945, renouncing the Japan-Soviet Neutrality Treaty of 1941. The USSR immediately crossed Abandoning Japanese Soldiers and the borders of northeast China (Manchuria), Settlers in Mainland Asia After northern Korea, and southern Sakhalin (which World War II? were all Japanese colonies), and the Kuril Islands. They engaged in combat with the Japanese army in these areas. Even after the Murai Toyoaki Potsdam Declaration’s de facto ending of World War II, fighting between Japan and the Soviet Nobuko ADACHI translator Union continued through early September until Why Compensation? a cease fire was declared. 4 We submitted a “Request for Compensation for Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union Siberian Detention” to the Kyoto Local Court and the Head of the National Defense on December 26, 2007, seeking redress from Committee of the USSR, on August 23, 1945 the Japanese government. We are asking for issued the top secret order “Regarding the ¥30,000,0001 for each plaintiff as compensation Arrest of Half a Million Japanese Soldiers: How (and accepting ¥10,000,0002 compensation as and Where to Detain Them, and How to Utilize partial settlement).
    [Show full text]
  • Downloads of Technical Information
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2018 Nuclear Spaces: Simulations of Nuclear Warfare in Film, by the Numbers, and on the Atomic Battlefield Donald J. Kinney Follow this and additional works at the DigiNole: FSU's Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES NUCLEAR SPACES: SIMULATIONS OF NUCLEAR WARFARE IN FILM, BY THE NUMBERS, AND ON THE ATOMIC BATTLEFIELD By DONALD J KINNEY A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2018 Donald J. Kinney defended this dissertation on October 15, 2018. The members of the supervisory committee were: Ronald E. Doel Professor Directing Dissertation Joseph R. Hellweg University Representative Jonathan A. Grant Committee Member Kristine C. Harper Committee Member Guenter Kurt Piehler Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii For Morgan, Nala, Sebastian, Eliza, John, James, and Annette, who all took their turns on watch as I worked. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the members of my committee, Kris Harper, Jonathan Grant, Kurt Piehler, and Joseph Hellweg. I would especially like to thank Ron Doel, without whom none of this would have been possible. It has been a very long road since that afternoon in Powell's City of Books, but Ron made certain that I did not despair. Thank you. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract..............................................................................................................................................................vii 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Atomic Bombs and the Soviet Invasion: What Drove Japan's Decision to Surrender?
    Volume 5 | Issue 8 | Article ID 2501 | Aug 01, 2007 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus The Atomic Bombs and the Soviet Invasion: What Drove Japan's Decision to Surrender? Tsuyoshi Hasegawa The Atomic Bombs and the SovietFrank, have recently confronted this issue Invasion: What Drove Japan’s Decision to head-on, arguing that the atomic bombing of Surrender? Hiroshima had a more decisive effect on Japan’s decision to surrender than did Soviet Tsuyoshi HASEGAWA entry into the war.[4] This essay challenges that view. It argues that (1) the atomic Almost immediately following the end of World bombing of Nagasaki did not have much effect War II, Americans began to question the use of on Japan’s decision; (2) of the two factors—the the atomic bomb and the circumstances atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Soviet entry surrounding the end of the Pacific War. More into the war—the Soviet invasion had a more than half a century later, books and articles on important effect on Japan’s decision to the atomic bomb still provoke storms of debate surrender; (3) nevertheless, neither the atomic among readers and the use of atomic weapons bombs nor Soviet entry into the war served as remains a sharply contested subject.[1] As the “a knock-out punch” that had a direct, decisive, 1995 controversy over the Enola Gay exhibit at and immediate effect on Japan’s decision to the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space surrender; (4) the most important, immediate Museum revealed, the issues connected with cause behind Japan’s decision to surrender the dropping of the bombs on Hiroshima and were the emperor’s “sacred decision” to do so, Nagasaki continue to touch a sensitive nerve in engineered by a small group of the Japanese Americans.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Geopolitics and the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
    64-12,804 JO. Yung-Hwan, 1932- JAPANESE GEOPOLITICS AND THE GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SPHERE. The American University, Ph.D., 1964 Political Science, international law and relations University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Copyright by Yung-Hwan Jo 1965 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. JAPANESE GEOPOLITICS AND THE GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SPHERE by Yung-Hwan Jo Submitted to the Faoulty of the Graduate School ef The Amerioan University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Dootor of Philosophy in International Relations and Organization Signatures of Committee: Chairman LiwLi^^ sdt-C'Ut'tUVC'Uo-iU i L’yL ■ ; June 1964 AMERICAN UNIVERSITY The Amerioan University LIBRARY Washington, D. C. JUL9 1964 WASHINGTON. D. C. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PREFACE This is a study of the Greater East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere with emphasis on the influence of geo­ political thought in the formation of its concept. It is therefore a rather technical study of one aspect of Japanese diplomacy. Practically no studies have been made con­ cerning the influence of geopolitics on Japanese foreign policy. It is not the purpose of this study to attaok or defend the geopolitics or the concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere at any stage of its development, but rather to understand it. The principal data used in preparing this work are: (l) Various records of the International Military Tribunal of the Far East; (2) microfilmed arohives of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1868-1945; (3) materials written by Japanese geopoliticians as well as Haushofer; and (4) letters from authorities in the different aspects of this work.
    [Show full text]
  • The Issues of War with Japan Coverage in the Presidential Project «Fundamental Multi-Volume Work» the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945 «»
    Vyatcheslav Zimonin Captain (Russia NAVY) Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of Military University, Honored Scientist Of The Russian Federation and Academy of Natural Sciences The issues of war with Japan coverage in the Presidential project «Fundamental multi-volume work» The Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945 «» Fundamental multi-volume work «The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945» is being developed in accordance with the Decree № 240-рп of May 5, 2008 of the President of the Russian Federation. The work is developed under the organizational leadership of the main drafting committee headed by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Army General Sergey Shoigu. Major General V.A. Zolotarev, well-known Russian scientist, Doctor of Historical and Legal Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Academy of Natural Sciences, State Councilor of the Russian Federation Deputy Chairman of the GRK is appointed as scientific director of the multi-volume work. Fundamental structure of a multivolume work: Volume 1 - «The main facts of the war,» Volume 2 - «The origin and the beginning of the war» Volume 3 - «Battles and actions that changed the course of the war,» Volume 4 - «Freeing of the USSR, 1944 « Volume 5 - «The final victory. Final operations of World War II in Europe. War with Japan « Volume 6 - «The Secret War. Intelligence and counterintelligence in the Great Patriotic War « Volume 7 - «Economy and weapons of war» Volume 8 - «Foreign policy and diplomacy of the Soviet Union during the war» Volume 9 - «Allies of the USSR in the war» Volume 10 - «The power, society and war» Volume 11 - «Policy and Strategy of Victory.
    [Show full text]
  • 202 May 2016 New Jersey’S Foremost Philatelist
    NJPH The Journal of the NEW JERSEY POSTAL HISTORY SOCIETY ISSN: 1078-1625 Vol. 44 No. 2 Whole Number 202 May 2016 New Jersey’s Foremost Philatelist The story of Hiram E. Deats explores the contributions of this Flemington philatelist and bibliophile, told in postal cards. See page 66. ~ CONTENTS ~ President’s Message ................................................................................ Robert G. Rose ............... 64 World Stamp Show NY2016! ................................................................. ........................................ 65 Postal Cards and Hiram E. Deats ................................................................... Larry T. Nix ...................... 66 Bamberger’s Department Store and the Graf Zeppelin ............................ Linda B. Forgosh ............ 75 NJ Straight Line Handstamps: Westfield, NJ ................................................ Robert G. Rose ................. 80 The Last U.S. Warship Sunk On 28 July 1945: NJ-Built Battleship, USS Indianapolis (CA 35), Part I .................................................................................... Capt. Lawrence B. Brennan, USN (Ret.) ..... 83 N.J. Local Posts #9: Newark Dispatch Post ............................................. Larry Lyons .................. 104 Franklin Furnace: A Look Back ............................................................... Jean Walton .................. 107 May 2016 Web Update ............................................................................ Warren Plank ................ 113
    [Show full text]
  • August 20, 1945 Cable from Aleksandr Vasilevsky to Stalin
    Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified August 20, 1945 Cable from Aleksandr Vasilevsky to Stalin Citation: “Cable from Aleksandr Vasilevsky to Stalin,” August 20, 1945, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Dmitriĭ Antonovich Volkogonov papers, 1887-1995, mm97083838, Reel 5, containers 7 through 9. Also published in V.P. Galitskii, V.P. Zimonin, “Desant na Khokkaido Otmenit’,” Voenno-Istoricheskii Zhurnal, No. 3 (1994), pp. 7-8. Translated by Sergey Radchenko. https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/122336 Summary: Vasilevsky reports on the progress of the Soviet invasion of Manchuria and the surrender of Japanese forces. Original Language: Russian Contents: English Translation Scan of Original Document Moscow. Cde. Stalin Copy: General Staff Cde. Antonov Reporting on the situation on the Far Eastern front at the end of 19.8.45. 1. On 19.8.45 on all fronts in Manchuria the resistance of the Japanese forces ceased and our forces began planned disarmament of the forces of the enemy. During the day of 19.8.45 about 65 thousand Japanese-Manchurian forces were disarmed. 2. During the day the forces of the Transbaikal Front deployed air troops with responsible representatives of the command of the Front to Changchun and Mukden [Shenyang], 250-300 people in each city. Our forces in the aforesaid cities were met with warm welcome on the part of the Japanese command and representatives of the Japanese authorities. All demands of our representatives are being fully implemented. During the night of 20.8.45 these cities are being approached by our forward mobile detachments.
    [Show full text]
  • Problems of Development of Agriculture (Rice) in the Soviet Far East (1920- 1930) (The Example of the Soviet Koreans) Son J.G
    Problems of development of agriculture (rice) in the Soviet Far East (1920- 1930) (the example of the Soviet Koreans) Son J.G., PhD in History, Associate Professor of Oriental Philology The Department of Oriental Studies NRU HIE Moscow Annotation. The report deals with the problems of agricultural development in the Soviet Far East in 1920 - 1930's. Soviet Koreans have contributed to the improvement of the social-economic situation of the area, being specialists in the breeding of climatically the most profitable conditions of the crop - rice. In 1926, the active construction of a new branch of rice cultivation on a commercial scale by the mid-1930s fell into disrepair. The reasons of the crisis were caused not only by the lack of reasonable national policy, the state of civil society, the difficult economic situation in the main part of the Far Eastern population, but also by foreign relations between the USSR and Japan. For the effective development of rice growing in the Far East there were all conditions, including a work force represented by Korean population. I. Introduction In the twenty-first century, as well as in the beginning of the twentieth century, the problem of social-economic development of the Russian Far East is still relevant. Today, the Russian government attaches to these sectors the primer importance in the development of this region. One of the most important sectors of the Far East economy remains agriculture. According to the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the Russian Federation, the Russian Far East, the resource of unused virgin and fallow land is 400 000 hectares.
    [Show full text]
  • The Manchurian Incident
    Part 1 - The Manchurian Incident Chronology 1911 October 10 - Xinhai Revolution 1922 February 6 - Nine-Powers Treaty (Washington Naval Conference) 1931 September 18 - Manchurian Incident 1932 March 1 - Manchukuo is founded September 4 - Lytton Report is released 1933 March 27 - Japan withdraws from the League of Nations (effective 1935 March 27) May 31 - Tanggu Truce 1935 June 10 - He-Umezu Agreement 1936 December 12 - Xian Incident 1937 July 7 - Marco Polo Bridge Incident July 11 - Local ceasefire agreement July 29 - Tongzhou Massacre August 9 - Murder of Sublieutenant Oyama August 13 - Battle of Shanghai August 15 - Chiang Kai-shek issues general mobilization order August 21 - Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact October 2 - Landing of Japan's 10th Army at Hangzhou Bay leads to the collapse of the Chinese Army in Shanghai November 5 - Japan makes peace offer through German Ambassador to China Oskar Trautmann December 1 - Order to capture Nanking is issued December 13 - Fall of Nanking, the Japanese Army enters Nanking December 22 - Japan reissues its peace terms through Trautmann 1938 January 16 - First Konoe Statement cuts ties with Chiang Kai- shek's regime November 3 - Second Konoe Statement declares a new order in Asia December 22 - Third Konoe Statement enunciates the principles of friendly relations with neighbors, anti-communism, and economic cooperation 1940 March 30 - Establishment of the Republic of China in Nanking 1943 November 5-6 - Greater East Asia Conference is convened in Tokyo 1 How did 10,400 Japanese soldiers occupy Manchuria? On September 18, 1931, a line of the South Manchuria Railway at Liutiaogou, about eight kilometers north of the city of Mukden, was blown apart.
    [Show full text]
  • The Changkufeng and Nomonhan Incidents – the Undeclared Border War and Its Impact on World War Ii
    University of Texas at El Paso DigitalCommons@UTEP Open Access Theses & Dissertations 2014-01-01 The hC angkufeng And Nomonhan Incidents - The Undeclared Border War And Its Impact on World War II Tobias Block University of Texas at El Paso, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, Military History Commons, Slavic Languages and Societies Commons, and the Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Commons Recommended Citation Block, Tobias, "The hC angkufeng And Nomonhan Incidents - The ndeU clared Border War And Its Impact on World War II" (2014). Open Access Theses & Dissertations. 1588. https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd/1588 This is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CHANGKUFENG AND NOMONHAN INCIDENTS – THE UNDECLARED BORDER WAR AND ITS IMPACT ON WORLD WAR II TOBIAS BLOCK DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY APPROVED: __________________________________________ Joshua Fan, Ph.D., Chair __________________________________________ Paul Edison, Ph.D. __________________________________________ Jose Villalobos, Ph.D. __________________________________ Bess Sirmon-Taylor, Ph.D. Interim Dean of the Graduate School THE CHANGKUFENG AND NOMONHAN INCIDENTS - THE UNDECLARED BORDER WAR AND ITS IMPACT ON WORLD WAR II by Tobias Block, BA Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department Of HISTORY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS OF EL PASO May 2014 Table of Contents Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]