World Heritage Site the City Of

THE CITY OF

WORLD HERITAGE SITE Management Plan 2016-2022

NIO MU Supported by O N IM D R T IA

A L

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A I

D L D N

H O E M R I E T IN AG O E • PATRIM Members of the City of Bath World Heritage Site Steering Group have played an active role in producing this document and are committed to the vision and the ongoing implementation of this plan.

Government

National Conservation

Education

Local Bodies

City of Bath Charter Trustees Contents

Preface 5 Chapter 3: Significance of the Site Chapter 5: Issues, challenges & opportunities Appendices 3.1 Introduction 16 5.1 Introduction 30 1 Maps 48 Vision 6 3.2 Statement of Outstanding 5.2 How the issues were gathered 30 II. Bath Conservation Area 49 Universal Value 16 5.3 How the issues are used 30 III. Green Belt 50 Executive Summary 7 3.3 Attributes of Outstanding 5.4 Priorities 30 IV. Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Universal Value 18 Natural Beauty 51 Chapter 1: Introduction 5.5 Managing development 31 3.4 Other Cultural Value 21 5.6 Transport 32 V. Historic Parks and Gardens 52 1.1 The City of Bath World Heritage Site 8 3.5 Natural Value 21 5.7 Public realm 32 VI. Scheduled Ancient Monuments 53 1.2 What is World Heritage? 8 2 History of the site 54 Chapter 4: Management of the Site 5.8 Interpretation 32 1.3 The need for a Management Plan 8 5.9 Education 34 3 Justification for inscription 58 1.4 Scope and status of the plan 9 4.1 Introduction 22 5.10 Environmental resilience 34 4 Inventory of selected key elements 1.5 Preparation and structure of the plan 9 4.2 Bath World Heritage Site: of the site 62 5.11 Conservation 34 1.6 Aims 9 The story so far; achievements 5 Membership and terms of reference under the previous plan 22 5.12 Funding 36 Map I WHS boundary and setting 10 of the World Heritage Site Steering 4.3 Ownership 24 5.13 Research 36 Group 68 Chapter 2: Description of the site 4.4 Other key stakeholders 25 5.14 Accessibility and inclusivity 36 6 Selected bibliography 70 5.15 Visitor management 36 2.1 Introduction 12 4.5 Management systems 25 5.16 Administrative management 37 2.2 Location 12 4.6 International management 26 5.17 Objectives 38 2.3 Boundary 12 4.7 National and local management 26 2.4 Setting 12 4.8 Planning, policy and Chapter 6: Implementation & action plan legislative framework 26 2.5 Summary history of the site 12 4.9 National Planning Policy 26 6.1 Introduction 40 2.6 A living city – Bath today 14 4.10 Environmental Impact Assessments 26 6.2 About the actions 40 2.7 Condition of the site 15 4.11 Design and Access Statements 26 6.3 Implementation 40 2.8 Key facts 15 4.12 Heritage Statements/ 6.4 Action Plan 41 Heritage Impact Assessments 26 4.13 Local Planning Policy 26 4.14 The Development Plan 27 4.15 Protection of the Hot Springs 27 4.16 Other management mechanisms 27 4.17 Funding Incentives 27 4.18 Analysis of current management 27 4.19 Risk management 28 4.20 Monitoring 28 4 Management Plan 2016-2022 monitoring theadopted actions. exercise andwewill nowembarkondeliveringand validated through afullandrobust public consultation Resilience. Thesepriorities havebeentestedand Interpretation, EducationandEnvironmental Development, Transportation, thePublicRealm, the core prioritiesfortheWHS;namelyManaging Workshop furtheraideddeliberationstofinallyagree period. Thewellattended2015Stakeholder action blockstodeliverthecomingsixyearplan determined toconcentrateonidentifyingthebuilding During 2014theBathWHSSteeringGroup WHS heritage. hands andbackedbytestedmethodsofcaringfor Conservation isalsorecognised tobeingood of theBathWHSforjobcreation andretention. diversity. Employersregularly alludetotheattractions businesses captured withinaplatformofcultural attractions ofreal benefittobothlocalpeopleand population, thedevelopmentofhighqualityvisitor The 2010-2016PlanseesaWHSgainrising and civicpride. toretain of historicalgovernance ownership,security build upontheattributesbestowedthrough centuries the on-goingmaintenanceofsite,butalsoto working intheWHScontinuetonotonlyinfluence Today’s citizenswhethertheyare livingand/or of justover29square kilometres. natural andbuiltenvironments setinalandmasssite centuries ofhistoricalinterplayfashionedwithinthe cited bytheUNESCOinscriptiondrawsupon dramatic landscape.TheOutstandingUniversalValue 1987 asalivingcitysetwithinbeautifuland significance,inscribedbyUNESCOin of international The BathWorld HeritageSite(WHS)istrulyacentre World HeritageSite of theCityBath Preface from theChair

World HeritageSiteSteeringGroup Chair oftheCityBath Peter Metcalfe behalf Ihavepleasure ofsigningoff thedocument. this third WHSManagementPlanandonwhose patience andeffort theyhavegiventothecreation of colleagues ontheSteeringGroup forthetime, I wouldliketotakethisopportunitythankallmy coming sixyearperiod. matrix formonitoringUNESCO’s expectationsinthe businesses andvisitorsalikedoesimplyaunifying with qualityoflifebenefitsforlivingcommunities, Outstanding UniversalValue oftheBathWHS.These monitoring allpositiveandadverseimpactsuponthe Group doesnaturallyrecognise theimportanceof the questionof‘SustainableUse’.TheSteering Bath WHSManagementPlan,2016to2022posed UNESCO’s guidancefor the preparation ofthisthird

5 Management Plan 2016-2022 6 Management Plan 2016-2022 wellbeing ofthelocalcommunity. World Heritagestatuswillcontinuetobeused tosupportandfurtherthevitality its OutstandingUniversalValue, beautyandcharacter. Bath willbeaccessibleandenjoyabletoall;aSitethat understandsandcelebrates Heritage Siteitself,oritssetting. development thatwouldharmtheOutstandingUniversal Value oftheWorld influential asmajorinterventions.There willbea strong presumption against proposals forchange,recognising thatsmall-scaleincremental changecanbeas The impactupontheOutstandingUniversalValue willbeakeyconsiderationinall communities andorganisations. founded onstrong andeffective partnerships oflocal,nationalandinternational It willbeacentre ofexcellenceforurbanheritagemanagementandconservation, and enhancementoftheuniqueheritagewhichisworld-widesignificance. needs ofaninventiveandentrepreneurial 21stcenturyplacewiththe conservation Bath willbeanexemplarofsustainableurbanmanagement,strivingtobalancethe conserved andenhancedforthisfuture generations. The OutstandingUniversalValue oftheCityBathWorld HeritageSitewillbe Vision plan priorities. which thesitewasinscribed. Thisisreflected inthe whilst sustainingtheOutstandingUniversalValue for further phaseofconsiderablegrowth andchange The principalchallengeinthisplanistodelivera plan periods. Mission of2008.Muchwasachievedduringboth from the lessonslearnt theUNESCO/ICOMOS significant developmentpressure andsoughttoapply (2010-2016) appliedthesesystemsinthefaceof and guidelineswere inplace.Thesecondplan of managementandensuringappropriate policies (2003 –2009)concentratedonestablishingsystems The firstBath World HeritageSiteManagementPlan to deliveringtheaimsofplan. and experiencednetworkofstakeholderscommitted place toensure thiscontinues.Italsohasastrong management systems,bothlocallyandnationally, in has alongtraditionofcaringforitsheritageand few examplesofderelict orabandonedbuildings.It good. Thecitycanbedescribedasprosperous, with The current stateofconservationinBathisvery outstanding heritage. must bebalancedwithconservationofthe city means thatalloftheneedsathrivingmodern paralleled inveryfewothersitesworld-wideand suburb orindividualmonuments.Thisisasituation inscription coverstheentire city, notjustthecentral Bath World HeritageSiteisexceptionalinthatthe 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Outstanding UniversalValue, canbesummarisedas: 1987. Thereasons forinscription,orkeyattributesof The CityofBathWorld HeritageSitewasinscribedin Executive Summary social ambitions Georgian architecture reflecting 18thcentury The green settingoftheCityinahollowhills Georgian architecture Georgian townplanning The hotsprings Roman archaeology heritage management. of BathWorld HeritageSiteisan exemplarofurban plan seeksto‘raisethebar’andensure that theCity Heritage property isalready ingoodcondition.This This isanoptimisticandambitiousplan.TheWorld • • • • • The prioritiesofthisplanare therefore: carefully monitored andhandled. potentially impactingonthehotspringsneedstobe green settingofBath,floodingandmineralextraction Finally, environmental issuessuchasprotection ofthe needs tobedelivered. World HeritageInterpretation Centre, whichnow done toaddress this,includingtheprospect ofa another prioritycarriedforward. Muchworkhasbeen Interpretation andeducationsurrounding thesiteis priority issue. this, inthefaceofdiminishingpublicfunds,remains a buildings. Addressing andfinancinga response to isofteninapoorer modern, conditionthanthe The publicrealm ofthecity, bothhistoricand and deliverywillbewithinthisplanperiod. strategy hasrecently beenadoptedtoaddress this an on-goingchallenge.Anambitioustransport Moving peopleaboutwithinthehistoricsettlementis generation. Deliveringthissensitivelyisapriority. physical changethatthecityhasseenfora enterprise area willrepresent themostsignificant re-development, andthis‘BathCityRiverside’ which formallyhousedheavyindustryisundergoing moving in.Asignificantswatheofthevalleyfloor traditional employersmovingout,andnewindustry The economyofthecityischanging,withformer Environmental Resilience Interpretation andEducation Public Realm Transport Managing Development

7 Management Plan 2016-2022 1

8 Management Plan 2016-2022 Introduction UNESCO OperationalGuidelines Organization (UNESCO).Theyare defined,inthe Nations EducationalScientificandCultural WHS are designatedandadministered bytheUnited 1.2 management are essential. adopting aparticipatoryapproach to balance betweenconservationandchange, for whichthesitewasinscribed.Achievinga liveswithinthehistoricbuildings living modern original functionproviding homesforpeople of the5,000listedbuildingscontinueintheir people livewithinthesiteboundary, andmany nowhere isthismore apparent thanhere. 88,859 meeting theneedsofalivingcommunity, but between theneedtopreserve monumentsand world. Allurbanconservationrequires abalance is situationrarely seenanywhere elseinthe inscription coverstheentire urbanarea, which The CityofBathisanexceptionalWHS. archaeology withinathrivinglocalcommunity. iconofarchitectureinternational and daywhenBathisan Britons tothemodern Hot Springswere aplaceofworshipforthe over 6millennia,from itsearliestdayswhenthe for socialhistory. Thehistoryofthecityextends archaeological remains anditsrole asasetting architecture, town-planning,landscape, Outstanding UniversalValue (OUV)forits (WHS) since1987,recognised asaplaceof The CityofBathhasbeenaWorld HeritageSite 1.1 World Heritagelist inscribed andBathisaculturalsite.TheUNESCO humanity’. Cultural,naturalormixedsitesmaybe importance forpresent andfuture generationsofall transcend nationalboundariesandtobeofcommon which containOUVis‘soexceptionalasto heritage accreditation. remains themostprestigious andhighlyrespected Heritage ‘properties’, World Heritageinscription India. Despitethere nowbeingover1,000 World the AustralianGreat BarrierReefandtheTaj Mahal in diverse astheGreat Wall ofChina,PyramidsGiza, What isWorld Heritage? The CityofBathWorld HeritageSite 2 includes places as unique and includesplacesasuniqueand 1 , as being places , asbeingplaces are delivered. City ofBath,willbeapplied,andtoensure thatthey the World HeritageConvention,withregard tothe plan istherefore tosetouthowthecommitmentsof Management Plans.Thepurposeofthemanagement policythatallUKWHSshouldhave Government means’ (section108).Since1994ithasbeenUK should bepreserved, preferably through participatory which mustspecifyhowtheOUVofaproperty plan orotherdocumentedmanagementsystem property shouldhaveanappropriate management implementation oftheconventionstatethat‘each UNESCO’s OperationalGuidelines(2013)forthe development ofWHSManagementPlans. system, designationofspecificassetsandthe primarily through thestatutoryspatialplanning fulfil thesecommitments.InEngland,thisisdone todecidehowbest 4). Itisforeachgovernment WHS tofuture generations(UNESCO1972,Article ‘identify, protect, conserve,present andtransmit’ hasundertakento United KingdomGovernment Heritage Convention’).BysigningtheConvention, the World CulturalandNaturalHeritage(the‘World theProtection UNESCO Conventionconcerning of WHS are recognised underthetermsof1972 1.3 play aleadingrole inthismission. cityandisproud heritage. Bathisaninternational to conservation ofourworld’s culturalandnatural cooperationinthe encourages international preservation oftheirculturalandnaturalheritage participation ofthelocalpopulationin should berecognised. UNESCOencourages amongst aworld-widecommunityofheritagesites the widermissionofUNESCOandplaceBath The focusofthisplanwillbeontheCityBath,but The needforamanagementplan 21 April2016 Stakeholder workshopevent attheAssemblyRooms, East SomersetCouncilon15September2016. partnership. ThisplanwasadoptedbyBathandNorth depend toalargeextentuponparticipationand the Planandachievementofitsobjectiveswill Steering Group. Thesuccessfulimplementationof members oftheCityBathWorld HeritageSite document. Itrepresents theconsensusviewof In termsofstatus,thePlanisapartnership this. addressed byotherstrategies.Chapter3clarifies to theOUVandwhichare more appropriately city managementissueswhichdonotdirectly relate generic citymanagementplanandthere willbemany covered bytheOUV. Havingsaidthis,thisisnota therefore bereference toitemswhichare notdirectly periods ofhistorywhilstignoringothers.There will practical orsensibletoconcentrateoncertain provide aframeworkformanagementasitisneither must takeaholisticandstrategicapproach to those attributeswhichbearOUV. However, theplan the protection, conservationandtransmissionof In termsofcontenttheprimaryfocusthisplanis (boundary). itself anditssetting.Thisisclarifiedinsection2.3 The geographicalscopeoftheplanrelates tothesite 1.4 Scope andstatusoftheplan available alongsidethisplan. given intheStatementofPublicInvolvementmade made accordingly. Fulldetailsofconsultationare total of231responses were madeandchangeswere consultation in2016.Asaresult ofbothexercises, a April 2015andwasthensubjecttofullpublic from materialgathered ata‘stakeholderevent’in through participatorymeans.Thisplanwascompiled As outlinedin1.3,UNESCOencouragesparticipation to achievethis. each other, challengestobeaddressed andactions management systemandhowstakeholdersrelate to property consistsof,whyitisofOUV, the cover anintroduction, adescriptionofwhatthe This planisdivideddowninto6chapters.These Group. work hasbeenoverseenbytheWHSSteering Plan through itsWorld HeritageSiteManager. This of thesite,hastakenleadrole inpreparing the opportunities. TheCouncil,astheprincipalsteward have beenreviewed torespond tocurrent risksand issues andobjectivesoftheprevious (2010)plan This isthethird managementplanforthesite.The 1.5 area. policies andmanagementproposals relating tothe Plan willcontinuetoinformandrespond toother the responsibility ofanyagencyorindividual.The is notastatutorydocumentanditdoesdiminish planning process (seesection3forfurtherdetails).It Management Planisamaterialconsiderationinthe planning policiestoguidedevelopment.The Plan (orLocalPlan)forthearea, whichsetsout The PlanworkswithintheCouncil’s Development 2 http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ 1 http://whc.unesco.org/en/guidelines/ Preparation andstructure ofthePlan V. IV. III. II. I. The aimsofthePlanare to: 1.6 Aims The Great Bath,RomanBaths management. ownershipoftheSite’sinternational achieving acommonlocal,nationaland and involvementin,Bath’s heritage, improve publicawareness of,andinterest understand theSite; encouraging allpeopletoenjoyand improve physicalaccessandinterpretation, Heritage Sitestatus; working citywhichbenefitsfrom World maintain andpromote Bathasalivingand protected andsustained of theSiteanditssettingisunderstood, ensure thattheOutstandingUniversalValue Site; promote sustainablemanagementofthe

9 Management Plan 2016-2022 10 Management Plan 2016-2022 Map I–World HeritageSiteBoundaryandSetting The Palladian Bridge,PriorParkLandscape Garden

visitbath.co.uk / © Bath Tourism Plus/Colin Hawkins

11 Management Plan 2016-2022 2 12 Management Plan 2016-2022 of thesite Description The Nave,Bath Abbey Centre. October 2005)from theUNESCOWorld Heritage was subsequentlyconfirmedbyletter(dated17 city anditwasmanagedaccordingly. Thisboundary to meanthattheboundaryencompassedentire time. Thedescriptionofthe‘CityBath’wastaken boundary map,whichwasnotuncommonatthat The property wasinscribedin1987withouta its lagoonistheclosestEuropean comparator. urban area andnottheentire settlement.Venice and every othercityworldwidecoversonlyapartofthe respect astheWorld Heritageinscriptioninalmost km. Asnotedinchapter1,Bathisexceptionalthis city. Thiscoversanarea ofapproximately 29square The siteboundaryisthemunicipalof 2.3 Boundary plateau ofsurrounding limestoneuplands. valley created bytheRiverAvon cuttingthrough the edge oftheCotswoldHills,inabendriver south-east ofBristol.Itislocatedonthesouthern (160 km)westofLondon,and13miles(21 Appendix 1.TheCityliesapproximately 100miles Somerset. Mapsandlocationdetailsare shownin administrative region andthe(ceremonial) countyof England, withintheBathandNorthEastSomerset The CityofBathislocatedintheSouthWest of 2.2 Location of theaspectsthatthisplanseekstoaddress. property hasOUVandpresent aclearunderstanding current city. Chapter3followsontoclarifywhythe provides asummaryhistory, andbrieflydescribesthe today. Thischapterdescribeswhere thesiteis, understand howithasevolvedandwhatcomprises In order tomanagetheSite,itisessential 2.1 Introduction Supplementary PlanningDocument boundary. TheCityofBathWHSSetting The widerlandscapesettingliesbeyondtheSite 2.4 Setting 2.5 the designationofaformalbuffer zone. and are therefore considered tonegatetheneedfor SPD. Theseelementsprovide effective protection through planningpolicyasinformedbytheSetting boundary, plusanarea beyondthisprotected area. BathWorld HeritageSitehasagenerous ‘Setting SPD’seeAppendix1,MapI)delineatesthis waters forhealthandrecreation. structures andculture ofbathinganddrinkingthe springs asaregeneration tool,rebuilding the continuing culture. Thecityhasregularly usedthe development, creating auniquesocialhistoryand played acentralrole ineverystageofthecity’s Cross BathSpring(41˚C).Thehotspringshave King’s Spring(46˚C),theHetling(48˚C)and every 8seconds.Thethree mainspringsare the the King’s Springsufficienttofilladomesticbathtub litres ofwatereveryday, withthevolumeissuingfrom Fault. Thespringsconstantlyproduce overamillion back tothesurfaceatBaththrough thePennyquick porous rock deepintotheearth,heats,andisforced 10,000 yearsago)percolates 2to3kmthrough the Rain fallingontheMendipHillstosouth(up the onlyspringstobeclassifiedashotinUK. Situated inthisflatvalleyfloor are three hotsprings, where itiswideandslow. the floodplainandanopportunitytocross theriver curve ofthevalleyprovides asouthfacingsiteabove location forahumansettlement.Narrow,a flatlandin The topographysurrounding Bathprovided anideal how thesitehasevolved. summary versionisincludedbelowinorder toshow the Site’s historyisgiveninAppendix2,buta bibliography isshownatAppendix7.Adescriptionof Bath’s historyiswelldocumented andaselected Summary history of the Site Summary historyoftheSite 1 (hereafter the each other. TheGeorgiancity, renowned for its architecture andnaturallandscapecomplemented into aspaciousandbeautiful classicalcity, where Cramped, jumbled medieval streets were transformed examples ofearlytimber framedbuildingslost. arrangements remaining unaltered andalmostall style, withveryfewearlybuildingsandurban town wasremodelled inthecontemporaryPalladian largely through speculativedevelopment.Theold expanded dramaticallybeyondthemedievalwalls, pleasure’ forthehealthyandfashionable.Physicallyit longer justadestinationforthesickbut‘valley of city wasre-invented asafashionablehealthresort, no the meanstoenjoyleisure timeandtosocialise.The the wealthofmiddleclassesgavemore citizens change. Royalpatronage ofthebathsandarisein In the18thcenturycityunderwentdramatic defensive walls. 17th centuryBathremained acompactcitywithin beliefs intheirhealingproperties. Attheendof important, attractingthesickandconvalescingdueto although thehotspringsstillflowedand remained the Romancomplexremained undiscovered, centre forthewoolandclothtrades.Duringthattime Medieval Bathwasanimportantregional trading piece ofarchitecture initsownright. Abbey Church (1499-1611),aniconicandimportant although themonastichistoryissymbolisedby the formalcathedralandmonasticquarter, around AbbeyGreen are theonlyvisibleevidenceof Church inthe16thcentury. Today, thestreet patterns Norman cathedral,andthenbythepresent Abbey the Saxonchurch wasreplaced firstbyagreat 973 AD.Followingthe11thcenturyNormaninvasion Edgar wascrowned here asfirstkingofallEnglandin built onthesiteofcurrent AbbeyChurch. King an importantreligious centre, withaSaxonmonastery the ruinsbecameburied.Bathcontinuedhoweveras took thecity. TheRomancomplexfellintodisuseand After thebattleofDyrhamin577AD,Saxons Aquae Sulisgrowing upalongside. destination forpilgrims,withasettlementnamed over thenext300yearstobecomeaninternational 65-75 AD.Thiscomplexandtemplewere developed complex andtemplededicatedtoSulisMinervain security increased, theRomansbuiltabathing a frontier garrisontown.Asconquestandsubsequent 43 AD,thearmypushedwest,initiallyholdingBathas Following thesuccessfulRomaninvasionofBritainin foundation (see Appendix 4) which had been using foundation (seeAppendix 4)whichhadbeenusing all classesofsociety. StJohn’s Hospital, amedieval Bath provided facilitiesandtreatment for bathers from continued inGeorgianBath. TheHotBathandCross to aplaceofleisure, medicaluse ofthehotsprings Despite ashiftinemphasisfrom beingahealingspa and gardens. Appendix 4givesdetailsoftheseandotherbuildings architecturally excitingcitiesin18thcentury Britain. construction, makingBathoneofthemost were extremely innovativeintheirdesign and and theRoyalCrescent (1767-1775).Manybuildings Queen Square (1728-1736),theKing’s Circus (1754) was designedinmonumentalensembles,suchas on broad streets laidoutforthepurpose.Housing gardens, suchasSydneyGardens, orby‘parading’ complemented byoutdoorentertainmentinpleasure flocked tothecity. Thesebuildingswere meeting placesforthetransientupperclasseswho Room (JohnPalmer, 1790-1795),were provided as (John Wood theYounger, 1769-1771)andthePump Grand publicbuildings,suchastheAssemblyRooms specifically toshowcasethequalityofBathOolite. notable, andPriorParkisoutstanding,built the Elder. Allen’s town-houseinLilliputAlleyis through hisassociationwiththearchitect JohnWood patron fuelledmuchoftherebuilding, particularly and CombeDown.Hisactivitiesasentrepreneur and the southofcity, includingthoseatOddDown considerable fortunebyworkingextensiveminesto classical buildings.RalphAllenaddedtohis and assuchitproved eminentlysuitableforneo- durable ‘free-stone’ whichcanbeintricatelycarved, the GeorgiansandRomans.Itisaneasilycut and provided anexcellentbuildingmaterialforboth mined andquarried(inmanyplacesinopen-castpits) The BathOolitelimestoneofthesurrounding hillswas Britain. influential Palladianarchitecture andtownplanningin conditions forsomeofthemostinspirationaland and innovationcreated auniqueatmosphere andthe animateur Richard ‘Beau’Nash.Theirvision,ambition Allen whoquarriedtheBathstone;andsocial Wood theElder;patron andentrepreneur Ralph Three menledthisre-invention: thearchitect John Europe. by thehighestsociety, includingroyalty from across architecture andcuringwaters,becamepatronised John Wood’s mapof1735 J Hodgson’s depictionof4thcenturyADAquaeSulis

13 Management Plan 2016-2022 14 Management Plan 2016-2022 open spaces. expansion ofthecitybyproviding widerstreets and Lansdown. TheCityCorporationfacilitatedthe of themedievalwallsandstretching uphill to Developments startedfrom theoldcity, breaking out upon itssuccessinattractingwealthyvisitors. plan, andthenewsettlementgrew incrementally buildings, streets orsquares. There wasnocitywide through speculativedevelopmentofindividual developed. Muchof18thcenturyBathevolved ordination howeverbeliesthewayinwhichcity deliberate creation ofabeautifulcity. Thisco- countryside are marriedtogethertoformthe contours tocreate dramaticeffect andtown context ofthenext,serpentinecrescents followthe spectacular. Individualdevelopmentsrespect the The GeorgiantownplanningofBathisinnovativeand demonstrating theauthenticityofWHS. active usetoday, manyfulfillingoriginalfunctionsand The vastmajorityoftheseculturalassetsremain in the values,beliefsandambitionsofGeorgiansociety. numerous interdependencies ofcitylifeandreflect cemeteries andstoneminesallcombinetoreveal the history. Bridges,alleyways,parks,gardens, comprehensive understandingofthecity’s social as historicalassociation,andare integraltoa from the18thcenturyinfabricandplanform,aswell Many ofthestreets, walkwaysandopenspacesdate country. Cleveland Pools(1815)theoldestsurvivinglidoin villas extendingwellbeyondthecitycentre and Bridge (RobertAdam,1764-1774),arangeoflater housing andotherdevelopment,suchasPulteney New buildingincludedanextensivestockofsmaller of theresearch opportunitiesthehospitaloffered. attracted scientistsanddoctorsofrenown because treatment topatientsfrom outsidethelocalarea, Hospital, thefirsthospitalincountrytooffer remodelled inaclassicalstyle.TheMineralWater Bath attachedtothePumpRoomwasalso John Wood theElderin1726-8.ThemedievalKing’s had itscitycentre complexpartiallyremodelled by the hotwatertotreat thesicksince12thcentury, development. development. were largelydemolished,creating spacefornew economy. Thefactoriesandadjoininggasworks to theriver)alsochangedcity’s landscapeand (principally theStothertandPittcraneworksadjacent manufacturing industryinthelate20thcentury valleysides.Thedecline of south western century, withnewhousingestatesbeingbuiltonthe Bath’s suburbscontinuedtoexpandinthe20th attitudes totheconservationofhistoricbuildings. called ‘SackofBath’helpedtoinfluencenational conservation movementformedtoresist theso- buildings forhousingimprovements. Thesuccessful 1950s and60stheCityCouncildemolishedhistoric Georgian buildingsdestroyed. Postwar, duringthe 1942 CityEngineer’s records identifying115 sustaining somedegree ofbombdamage,andthe extensive destruction,witharound 19,000buildings World War IIbombingraids(April1942)caused attraction. more asasocialcentre, abathingfacilityandtourist the Saxonperiod.TheBathsbecamefamousonce for thefirsttimesincetheyhadfallenintodisusein presentedthermal spacomplex.TheVictorians these until amajorexcavationuncovered theremains ofthe but nothorough investigationhadbeenundertaken evidence hadbeenfoundin1727,1755and1790, the rediscovery oftheRomanBaths.Archaeological erawas A majorhistoricallandmarkoftheVictorian the city’s architecture. stylesincreasingly1825, butnewVictorian influenced valley. TheuseofthePalladianstylecontinuedafter city anditssatellitevillages,butstayedwithintheriver suburbs largelyfilledinthelandscapebetween architectural interventions.The19thand20thcentury developments, were themselveshighquality rebuilding itandthecanalrailway, althoughmajor developments generallyextendedthecitywithout entered aperiodofgentledecline.Victorian herald anageofprosperity forBathandthecity visitors flockingtoEuropean spatowns,didnot were set.Therailways,whichwere settobring bathing overthespatownandthusnewfashions age begantofade.TheRoyalCourtfavoured sea In thelateeighteenthcenturyBath’s Georgiangolden home toapproximately 88,859residents Bath todayisathriving21stcenturycommunity, 2.6 accommodation, including 80 hotels and 180 bed accommodation, including80hotels and180bed break domesticvisitors.There are over 300placesof Thermae BathSpaverypopularwithshort modern visitors peryear the historicRomanBaths attractingover1million economy. Theculture ofthespatown continues, with and addinganestimated£405mtothelocal approximately 5.8mvisitorsperyear(tothe district) Bath continuestobeamajortouristcentre, attracting pollution. resulting insomecongestionandresultant air- also provesvehiculartraffic, difficultformodern Wales average.Howeverthecompacthistoriccity ownership inthecitycentre lowerthantheEngland/ opportunity forwalkingorcycling,withvehicle of Bath.Thecompactnature ofthecityaffords ‘park andride’facilitiestothenorth,southwest transport ispredominantly provided bybuses,with times tocentralLondonofanhourandahalf.Local mainline railwayrunsthrough thecitygivingjourney London-Cardiff motorway(11milestothenorth).A Bristol Airport(18.6milesaway)orfrom theM4 In termsoftransport,Bathisservedbyairfrom low-rise. stock, withbuildingheightrelatively consistentand Residential properties formmostofthebuilding the cityisoftendescribedasbeingelegant. cities. There isverylittlesignofheavyindustry, and strong visualhomogeneityunusualamongstBritish limestone, withslateorclaytiledroofs, givinga constructed ofthelocallyquarriedlightyellowoolitic It isabeautifulcity. Almostallofthebuildingsare that thecityissmallerthanitactuallyis. calm. Alloftheabovecontributetoanimpression city centre providing naturalbeautyandsenseof open spaces,withtheRiverAvon cuttingthrough the centre. Bathiswellprovided forintermsofparksand the urbanarea andare visiblefrom mostofthecity pasture. Thegreen hillsidesprovide abackdrop to predominantly characterisedbytrees oropen landscape attheurbanedge.Theskylineis quality builtdevelopmentdirectly adjoinshighquality city doesnothavesignificant‘urbansprawl’andhigh the hollowinhillsaspreviously described.The Bath remains acompactcity, containedlargelywithin A Living City – Bath today A LivingCity–Bathtoday 3 from allovertheworld andthe 2 . comparison toaUKaverageof19% employment are classedasprofessional workers,in comparison tonationalaverages.27%ofthosein employers. Levelsofemploymentare highin and well-beingsectorsbecomingmore prominent and professional businessservicesandthehealth information andcommunications,publishing,finance departure oftheMinistryDefenceoffices,and for 36%ofjobsin2011.Thisfigure isfallingwiththe authority, educationandhealthworkersaccounted in thecity. Publicadministrationanddefence,local recently provided anaboveaveragenumberofjobs In termsofemployment,thepublicsectorhas average. degree levelqualificationsthantheEngland/Wales showing higherlevelsofstudentswithundergraduate into 16electoralwards, withallbutfourward areas generally across Bathare good.Thecityisdivided numbers are attheirhighest.Levelsofeducation summer break ensures studentlevelsfallwhentourist the citycentre are full-timestudents.Theacademic estimates that19.7%oftheresident populationof are withinthe20% ofmostdeprivedinEngland. West, Whiteway, WhitewayWest andFoxHillNorth) deprivation. Fiveneighbourhoods (Twerton, Twerton and lowcrimerates,there are pocketsofreal skilled andeducatedworkforce, high employment a Despite theimageofBathasanaffluentcitywith related crimebeingverylow. not significantlyso.Crimelevelsare low, withdrug (65 andover)abovetheEngland/Wales average,but 9 ofthe16wards haveapopulationofolder people 2015 studycommissionedbyBathSpaUniversity the UniversityofBathandSpaUniversity. A during academictermtimesbystudentsattending Bath isauniversitytown,withthepopulationswollen alongside theinfluxofvisitors. resident populationcontinuetheireverydaylife attractionshavebecome.The that someinternational city. Itisnotover-dominated bytourismtotheextent Despite highvisitornumbers,Bathremains aliving with predominantly commercial centres. flavourincomparisontocities vibrant international popular ChristmasMarket.Thisgivesacolourfuland the citycentre andinNovember/Decemberwitha summertime, withhighdaytimetouristnumbersin and breakfasts. Themaintouristseasonis 5 . 6 4

structures intheSite.Thenationalregister Risk’ registers. There are approximately 5,000listed elements suchasthelocalandnational‘Buildingsat ‘good’ isbasedonallofthese,especiallykey discussed insection4.20.Thecurrent assessmentof The rangeofmonitoringmechanismsemployedare elements. and ofthecharactersiteintangible parts ofthelandscapesetting,somekeyviews of theGeorgianbuildingstock,archaeology, arriving atthisconclusion,forexamplethecondition good. There are manyelementstobeassessedin The current conditionoftheSiteisconsidered tobe 2.7 to address suchissues. The Bathscapeproject (seesection 5.11)isdesigned inappropriate developmentwithinthefocusofview. are obstructedbyinappropriate vegetation andby of areas ofcalcareous grassland.Somekeyviews proximity ofhousingatthecityedgeand protection woodland, addressing issuesresulting from the landscape wouldbenefitfrom bettermanagementof setting oftheWorld HeritageSite.Inplacesthe There are howeverchallengestobeaddressed inthe of Bath’. monitored, asisthelandscapesurrounding theCity very goodstateofconservationandare beingclosely Crescent, gardens, parks,andpublicspaces)are ina Roman Baths,RoyalCrescent, Circus, Lansdown of theproperty ontheWorld HeritageList(e.g. ‘All majorbuildingsandcomponentsoftheinscription Mission. TheMissionReport the jointUNESCO/ICOMOSReactiveMonitoring The conditionassessmentwasvalidatedin2008by historic publictoilets. tower, bridges,aretaining wall,mortuarychapeland habitable properties, withtheremainder includinga entries (2015).Oftheseonly9are potentially which includesallgrades,currently contains26 planning permissionforre-use. Thelocalregister, currently underrepair andthefourthhasacurrent for Bath.Three ofthestructures includedare compiled byHistoricEngland,containsonly4entries focuses ongradelandll*structures onlyandis Condition oftheSite 8 stated: 7 , which , which 8 7 http://www.historicengland.org.uk/advice/heritage-at-risk/ 6 5 4 3 2 1 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/sites/default/files/sitedocuments/Planning- UNESCO Decision33COM7B.131 local-research-and-statistics/wiki/bath-forum-area http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/your-council-and-democracy/ Further BathstatisticscanbefoundontheCouncil’s websiteat: reports/lmp/wpca/1929379858/report.aspx Office forNationalStatisticsfigures: https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/ Economics. November2015 The ImpactofBathSpaUniversity’s 2015/16Expansion.Oxford Services AnnualReview2014/15. 1,046,416 visitorsduringfinancialyear2015/16.Source: Heritage 2011 census. resident attheirterm-timeaddress. Datafrom OfficeofNationalStatistics, education studyingawayfrom theirfamilyhome are treated asusually outside forlessthan12months.Schoolchildren andstudentsinfull-time permanent address inthearea andwasoutsideit,butintendedtobe intended tostayinthearea foraperiodof12 monthsormore, orhada ‘usual resident population’:anyonewho,on census day, hadstayedor Landscape-and-Heritage/WHSSettingStudyInformationPaper.pdf and-Building-Control/Planning-Policy/Evidence-Base/Urban-Design-

There are 21primaryschools inoradjacenttotheWHS,plustwouniversities withover20,000students. accounting foranestimated 10,000jobs. Approximately 4.5m peoplevisitBatheachyear, addinganestimated£380m tothelocaleconomyand Historic Interest and2SitesofSpecialScientificInterest. There are 9registered historicparksandgardens withinthesite,with23Parks andGardens oflocal Outstanding NaturalBeauty(AONB),surrounding thecity onitsnorth,eastandsouthsides. The surrounding landscapeiscovered bytheBath &BristolGreen Belt,plustheCotswoldsArea of There are 5scheduledmonumentscovering1.4ha (approx. 13%ofthecentralarea). A singleconservationarea of1,486hectares coverstwothirds oftheSite. year –undoubtedlythehighestofanyUKWorld HeritageSite. The Sitegeneratesapprox. 1,500applicationsforPlanningPermissionandListedBuilding Consentper listings outsideofcentralLondon. There are approximately 5,000listedbuildingsintheSite,withhighestconcentrationofgradelandll* 88,859 peoplelivewithintheSite. litres perday. Thisflowwillfilladomesticbathtubevery8seconds. The mostvoluminousistheKing’s Spring,withacontinuousflowof13litres persecondor1,106,400 The hottestspringistheHetlingat48°Candthere are 43mineralsinthewater. The 3springsattheheartofSiteare theonlyonesclassifiedas‘hot’inUK. Venice provides acomparableexamplethroughout Europe. The Siteisexceptionalinthattheentire urbanarea (approximately 29square km)isinscribed.Only The Sitewasinscribedon12December1987. The CityofBathWorld HeritageSite There are 30(2016)WHSintheUK(anditsoverseasterritories). committed toidentify, protect, conserveandinterpret itssitesandpassthemontofuture generations. Grand Canyon.TheUKsignedthe1972UNESCOWorld HeritageConventionin1984anddoingso new siteseachyear. FamoussitesincludetheTaj Mahal,PyramidsofGiza,Great Wall ofChinaandthe national boundaries.There are currently (Nov2016)1052WHSworld-wide,andUNESCOaddsafew Universal Value’ meansculturaland/ornaturalsignificancewhichissoexceptionalastotranscend World HeritageSitesare ‘placesofOutstandingUniversalValue tothewholeofhumanity’.‘Outstanding What isWorld Heritage? Key Facts

15 Management Plan 2016-2022 3 16 Management Plan 2016-2022 of theSite Significance Universal Value’. ‘Adopted Retrospective StatementofOutstanding UNESCO practice.Itistherefore officiallytitledasthe and integrity, andbringitintolinewithcurrent updated inthatyeartoaddsectionsonauthenticity (Decision reference: WHC-13/37.COM/8E).Itwas session inPhnomPenh,Cambodia,June2013 UNESCO World HeritageCommitteeattheir37th The current statementofOUVwasadoptedbythe 3.2 should be. where thefocusofWorld Heritagemanagement that makesBathspecialinWorld Heritagetermsand Bath. Thesedocumentstherefore confirmwhatitis especially trueinsuchanextensivesiteastheCityof necessarily contributetoitssignificance’andthisis that ‘notallelementsofaWorld HeritageSite…will National PlanningPolicyFramework(NPPF)confirms documents foreffective sitemanagement.The The StatementofOUVandtheattributesare key of theOUV. and whichcontributetoenhanceunderstanding aspects whichconveyorexpress theOUVofSite statement. Itthendescribesthe‘attributes’whichare World HeritageCommittee.Eachsitehassucha is aconcisedescriptionendorsedbytheUNESCO this firstlybyintroducing theStatementofOUV, which this isofOutstandingUniversalValue (OUV).Itdoes site consistsof,thischaptergoesontodescribewhy Having describedintheprevious chapterwhatthe 3.1 Introduction Statement ofOutstandingUniversalValue 1792), Thomas Baldwin (1750-1820) and John 1792), ThomasBaldwin (1750-1820) andJohn 1754, younger1728-1782), RobertAdam(1728- architects suchas theJohnWoods (elder1704- between buildingsepitomises thesuccessof scale, styleandtheorganisationofspaces influence ofPalladio(1508-1580)andtheircollective The individualGeorgianbuildingsreflect theprofound 18th century. the ambitions,particularlysocial,ofspacityin the Circus andRoyalCrescent) andcollectively reflects monumental ensembles(suchasQueenSquare, harmonises withthegrandioseproportions ofthe as theAssemblyRoomsandPumpRoom) The Neo-classicalstyleofthepublicbuildings(such for theenjoymentofspatown’s cure takers. architecture andlandscapecombinedharmoniously into oneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinEurope, with and Richard “Beau”Nash(1674-1761)tomakeBath Wood Senior(1704-1754),RalphAllen(1693-1764) The Georgiancityreflects theambitionsofJohn spa town. Alps, andmarkedthebeginningofBath’s historyasa famous andimportantRomanremains northofthe development eversince)are amongstthemost Sulis, whichhaveremained attheheartofCity’s hot springsattheheartofRomantownAquae Minerva andthebathscomplex(basedaround the The Romanremains, especiallytheTemple ofSulis the followingculturalattributes: The CityofBathisOutstandingUniversalValue for city, famedinliterature andart. George l,llandIIIitdevelopedintoanelegantspa Ages butinthe18thcenturyunderreigns of important centre forthewoolindustryinMiddle natural hotspringsasathermalspa.Itbecamean in the1stcenturyADbyRomanswhoused The CityofBathinSouthWest Englandwasfounded Brief synthesis Date ofinscription Id. N° State Party Property 1987 428. IrelandBritain andNorthern United KingdomofGreat City ofBath throughout Bath, is perhapsbestdemonstratedin century. Thisunifyingofnature andcity, seen echoed around Europe particularly inthe19th picturesque viewsandforms,which couldbeseen buildings andcitiesinthelandscapetoachieve 15th–17th centuries,towards theideaofplanting of Renaissancecitiesthatdominatedthrough the away from theinward-looking uniformstreet layouts Criterion (ii):Bathexemplifiesthe18thcenturymove its naturalenvironment andextremely beautiful. a citythatisharmoniousandlogical,inconcord with those around itandtothewiderlandscape,creating contriving torelate eachindividualdevelopmentto plan orsinglepatron, didnotprevent themfrom working overthecourseofacentury, withnomaster of theday. Thatthearchitects whofollowedwere played hosttothesocial,politicalandculturalleaders economic andphysicalrebirth, resulting inacitythat together provided theimpetustostartthissocial, Master ofCeremonies Richard “Beau”Nash– owner RalphAllenandcelebratedsocialshaper architect JohnWood Senior, entrepreneur andquarry and thelocalBathOoliticlimestone).Three men– and naturalresources (inparticularthehotsprings offered bythespatownanditsphysicalenvironment Palladianism inresponse tothespecificopportunities and 19thcenturieswhoapplieddeveloped creativity ofthearchitects andvisionariesofthe18th and itsbeautyislargelytestamenttotheskill architecture andurbandesign,itsvisualhomogeneity with picturesque aestheticism.Bath’s qualityof way thatreflects theprecepts ofPalladiotempered together publicandprivatebuildingsspacesina century inaharmoniousandlogicalway, drawing the largeroverallcitylandscapethatevolvedovera and PumpRoomofgreat distinction,theyare partof are individualbuildingssuchastheAssemblyRooms and thedeliberatecreation ofabeautifulcity. Notonly architecture, urbandesignandlandscapesetting, demonstration parexcellenceoftheintegration surrounding hillsandsetinitsgreen valley, are a crescents, terracesandsquares spread outoverthe Criterion (i):Bath’s grandioseNeo-classicalPalladian century Renaissancecities. akin tothe19thcenturygarden citiesthanthe17th aestheticism creating astrong garden cityfeel,more the hillsandbuilttoapicturesque landscape the scaleofacompletecity, situatedinahollow Palmer (1738-1817)intransposingPalladio’s ideasto city, Bathremains vulnerable tolarge-scale surrounding hillsremains clearlyvisible.As amodern relationship oftheGeorgianCity toitssettingofthe surrounding green landscapesurvive.The squares setinaharmoniousrelationship withthe interlinked spacesformedbycrescents, terraces and buildings andplanform.Anextensiverangeof Georgian Cityremains largelyintactboth in termsof loss ofGeorgianbuildingspriortoinscription,the landscape withinwhichthecityisset.Despitesome planning andarchitecture, andlargeelementsofthe property boundaryasare theareas ofGeorgiantown archaeology are wellpreserved andwithinthe Sulis Minervaandthebelowground Roman Remains oftheknownRomanBaths,Temple of Integrity daycity.the 18thcenturyandmodern beside theRomantempleandbaths,inheartof with thespectacularmedievalAbbeyChurch sat reflects continuousdevelopmentovertwomillennia Roman andGeorgiantimes,thecitynevertheless visitors. AlthoughBathgainedgreatest importancein setting andfacilitiesforthecure takersandsocial destination andtoprovide anappropriate picturesque growing popularityofBathasasocietyandspa designed anddevelopedasaresponse tothe the creation andinterlinkingofurbanspaces, houses, theintegrationoflandscapeandtown, neoclassical city;themonumentalisationofordinary exemplifies themainthemesof18thcentury spatial arrangementandsocialhistory. Bath combination ofoutstandingurbanarchitecture, The 18thcenturyredevelopment isaunique appreciation ofRomansocialandreligious society. significant contributiontotheunderstandingand of AquaeSulisthatgrew uparound them,makea temple complex,togetherwiththeremains ofthecity history: RomanandGeorgian.TheBaths Criterion (iv):Bathreflects twogreat erasinhuman 19th centurytownplanners. to theprinciplesofgarden citiesdevelopedbythe to create adistinctivegarden cityfeel,lookingforward physically) drawinthegreen surrounding countryside that floworganically, andthatvisually(andattimes enclose them,providing aseriesofinterlinkedspaces landscape spacesare created bythebuildingsthat Lansdown Crescent (JohnPalmer).Bath’s urbanand the RoyalCrescent (JohnWood theYounger) and protection ofthesurrounding landscapeofthe property, oritssetting,will notbepermitted.The justifying theinscriptionof theWorld Heritage the developmentwhichwould harmthequalities Local Plancontainsacore policyaccording towhich documents. TheBathandNorthEastSomerset zones are alsofoundinstatutoryplanning World Heritageproperties, theirsettingsandbuffer Policies toprotect, promote, conserveandenhance Planning PolicyFrameworkandCircular 07/09. Environment andWorld Heritageis setoutinNational guidanceonprotecting Government theHistoric Planning Acts. under theprovisions oftheTown andCountry secondly through theUKSpatialPlanningsystem Monuments andArchaeological Areas Act,and Conservation Areas) Act1990andthe1979Ancient designated underthePlanning(ListedBuildingsand buildings, monumentsandlandscapesare properties inEnglandtwoways.Firstly, individual protectsThe UKGovernment World Heritage Protection andManagementRequirements contribute topicturesque views. respect thescaleandrhythmofitsstructures, andto respect theplanningofGeorgianterraces,to harmony. There isaneedfornewdevelopmentsto landscape thatcontributedtotheCity’s visual crescents andsquares andviewstothesurrounding interaction betweengroups ofbuildingsinterraces, twentieth century. More vulnerableistheoverall and aidedbyaprogramme ofrestoration inthelate informed byanextensivebodyofdocumentation, fabric. Repairshavelargelybeensympathetic, their construction,andretain ahighdegree oforiginal buildings havebeencontinuouslyinhabitedsince use. ThemajorityofthelargestockGeorgian Roman Bathscanstillbeappreciated fortheiroriginal and displayedwithinamuseumenvironment, andthe The keyRomanremains are preserved, protected original development,are ofundoubtedauthenticity. The hotsprings,whichare thereason fortheCity’s Authenticity property andtoitsgreen setting. on itsgarden cityfeelandonviewsacross the the siteandinitssettingthatcouldimpactadversely development andtotransportpressures, bothwithin value oftourismratherthaninvolume. Strategy’ forBath,whichaimstopromote growth in Plan hasbeenupdatedbya‘DestinationMarketing independent company. TheDestinationManagement Tourism ismanagedbyBathTourism Plus,an outlined intheManagementPlan. a bus-basednetworkandpedestrianisation,as Transport improvements are basedprincipallyaround planned butnotyettimetabled. phase onedevelopment.Subsequentphasesare Integrity wouldnotbeadverselyimpactedbythe concluded thattheOutstandingUniversalValue and development atBathWestern Riversidein2008and UNESCO/ICOMOS Missionassessedthe guided bythepolicyframeworklistedabove.A Universal Value oftheGeorgianCitycontinuestobe understanding ofthedistinctivenessandOutstanding The needfordevelopmenttobebasedonan need forimproved transport. facing thesiteare large-scaledevelopmentandthe the city-wideproperty. Themainpressures currently tensions betweendevelopmentandconservationof Management Plan.Thisplanaimstoaddress thekey implementation oftheWorld HeritageSite The SteeringGroup overseestheproduction and the tourismcompany. group, residents associations,bothuniversitiesand Councils, heritagebodies,andthecitybusiness elected membersandofficers,surrounding Parish BathandNorthEastSomersetCouncil government, chairperson. Membersrepresent national with interest inthesite.Ithasanindependent consisting ofrepresentatives from 14organisations was establishedasanon-executivecommittee The CityofBathWorld HeritageSiteSteeringGroup North EastSomersetCounciltotheNationalTrust. management ofkeyareas oflandfrom theBathand are progressing withregard totransferringthe Supplementary PlanningDocument,andnegotiations property hasbeenstrengthened byadoptionofa

17 Management Plan 2016-2022 18 Management Plan 2016-2022 The keypurposeforidentifyingattributes Heritage SiteSteeringGroup. (cabinet 14May2014)andtheCityOfBathWorld endorsed byBath&NorthEastSomersetCouncil understanding oftheOUV. Theattributeshavebeen Site andwhichcontributetoenhance convey orexpress theOUVofWorld Heritage As explainedin3.1,attributesare aspectswhich 3.3 expands ingreater detailtheseattributes. is seekingtoprotect. Thetablebelowtherefore understanding ofwhatitisthatthemanagement plan however provide sufficientdetailtoprovide an management forovertenyears.Theydonot provided asoundandconsistentbasisforsite 2003-2009 WHSManagementPlanandhave These were carriedforward, littlealtered, from the 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 2010-2016 WHSManagementPlan: Six headlineattributes(below)were agreed inthe identified intheStatementofOUV. include thecharacteristicswhichconveyvalues Attributes are greater thanindividualcomponentsand and whenplanningprojects orotherinterventions. applications, whenconsideringplanningallocations they are neededwhenassessingplanning they canbeprotected, managedandmonitored and social ambitions Georgian architecture reflecting 18thcentury The green settingofthecityinahollowhills Georgian architecture Georgian townplanning The hotsprings Roman archaeology Attributes ofOUV 1 is so that issothat 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. Georgian Town Planning 7.

6. The HotSprings 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Roman Archaeology Attributes ofOUV The Kennet&Avon Canal,SomersetCoalCanalandassociated features colonnades toafford weather protection, andpleasure gardens The designoftheGeorgian citytofacilitateoutdoorsocialinteractionand activity, includingwalks,promenades, contours tocreate dramaticforms The positioning,orientationandlayoutofGeorgian buildings,forexampleinserpentineterraces,touseslopesand components asPriorParkandShamCastle,designed toview, andbeviewedfrom, thecitycentre Views andvistas,withintheGeorgiancitydeliberatelycreatedViews byawareness ofcontext,andbeyond,includingsuch The deliberatecreation ofabeautifulcity and theuniformscaleheightofbuildings homogeneity ofthecityduetowidespreadVisual useoflocalOolitic(Bath)limestone,alimitedpalettecolourtones The introduction ofinnovativeformstownplanningincludingsquares, crescents andcircus antiquity topresent day The spiritualimportanceofthehotsprings,culturalusewatersandcontinuousflow ofhotwaterfrom establishments developedaround themincludingalmshousesandhospitals Bath asacentre ofhealing,themedicalresearch associatedwiththe‘cure’ andlearning of thehotwatersandmedical Temple Complex) and inscribedcurses,are artefactsandnotthemselvesofOUV, buthelpdemonstratethefunction oftheBathsand The culture andtraditionsassociatedwithbathinghealing(recovered fragments,includingRomanpewter, coins form oftheGeorgiancity, suchasLondonRoad The surrounding road systemandstreet planoftheRomancity, overlainbythemedievallayoutandinfluencing monuments, demonstratingthecontextofRomancity Roman andIron Agearchaeological remains beyondthecitywallincludinghillforts,fieldsystems,villasandfunerary complex, demonstratingtheextentofcity Roman archaeological remains withinthecitywall(itselfthoughttobeofRomanorigin)beyondtempleandbaths still capableofbeingusedfortheiroriginalfunction Iron AgeSacred Spring,includingtheGreat Bath,EastBaths,Circular BathandWest Baths,withtheRomanBaths The archaeological remains oftheRomantempleGoddessSulisMinervaandbathscomplexbuiltaround the

Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Spirit &feeling management systems Traditions, techniques& of intangibleheritage Language &otherforms Location &Setting Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design

17. 16. 15. 34. 33. 32. 31. 30. 29. 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. Georgian Architecture 20. 19. 18. public buildingssuchasAssemblyRoomsandPumpRoom,multiplearchitects buildingtoacommonethos The harmoniousandlogicalintegrationofindividualGeorgiandevelopments,withresidential terracesinterspersedwith The creation ofwide,flatpavementstoencouragepromenading The influenceofGeorgiantownplanninginBathonsubsequentdevelopmentstheUKandbeyond watchman’s boxes,and similaritems Components ofGeorgian street furniture, includingcoalholes,basementwinches, footscrapers,lampbrackets, The useofwrought iron worktoprovide features external suchasrailings,overthrows etc. forlanterns, over timeandoftenclosing directly ontoastonecill The widespread useoftimberverticallysliding sashwindowsintheGeorgiancity, withscaleanddetailingthatevolved creationWidespread ofbasementsandvaultstolevelthelandbelowGeorgiancity The universaluseofnaturalbuildingmaterialsin the Georgiancity settlement attheendofGeorgianperiod Detached villas,largelyinthesuburbsofcity, showing thetransformationofBathtoward agenteelretirement survival ofthisfabricleavingauniquecompleteexampleGeorgiancity The extentofGeorgianredevelopment, almosttotallyobscuringprevious medieval buildings andthewidespread recognisable structures, where thewholeisgreater thanthesumofindividualparts The Georgianmonumentalensemblesofcrescents, squares, circus andterraces formingiconic,internationally social aspirationofoccupierstoemulatethearistocracy The designofterracedhousestoappearasthoughtheywere asinglecountryhouseorpalace,demonstrating the and JohnPinch The worksofnotedarchitects includingtheJohnWoods, RobertAdam,ThomasBaldwin,JohnPalmer, JohnEveleigh The AbbeyChurch asakeypartoftheurbanformGeorgiancity The contrastbetweenpolite,controlled, formalfaçadesandtheinformalrear ofGeorgianbuildings Key visuallandmarkswithinviews,suchastheRoyalCrescent andBeckford’s Tower building formsincludinghouses,publicbuildings,PulteneyBridgeandchurches Transposition ofPalladio’s ideas tothescaleofacompletecityinBritishsetting,andemployedwiderange and town,historicparksgardens 18th Centurypicturesque principlesincludingtherelationship ofbuildingstolandscape,theconceptblendingcountryside The designoftheGeorgiancityasatheatre set,withvisualsurprisesandopenspaceslinkedoneanother The principalhistoricroad routes intothecity, markingthearrivalpointsforvisitorswhoalmostuniversallycamebyroad rather thantoanoverallmaster-plan

Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Materials &Substance Materials &Substance Materials &Substance Materials &Substance Materials &Substance Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Use &Function Use &Function Location &Setting

19 Management Plan 2016-2022 20 Management Plan 2016-2022 48. 47. 46. 45. 44. 43. 42. The Green SettingoftheCityinaHollowHills

41. 40. 39. 38. 37. 36. 35. Georgian Architecture continued used toexploitthestonefrom whichthecitywasconstructed Oolitic limestonemines,quarries,outcrops andhistoricfeatures includingRalphAllen’s tramway, inclinesandstructures Fingers ofgreen countrysidewhichstretch rightintothecity the Georgianperiod Open agriculturallandscapearound thecityedges,inparticulargrazingandlanduseswhich reflect thosecarriedoutin Trees, tree beltsandwoodlandspredominantly ontheskyline,liningriverandcanal,withinparkland gardens Green, undevelopedhillsideswithinandsurrounding thecity function oftheGeorgiancity The distinct pattern ofsettlements,Georgianhousesandvillasinthesettingsite, reflectingThe distinctpattern thelayoutand The compactandsustainableformofthecitycontainedwithinahollowhills demonstrating thespeculativenature ofGeorgiandevelopmentfinance Individual internal fittingoutofGeorgianhousesbehindauniformfaçade,andincomplete,truncatedterraces, Individual internal Many oftheGeorgianbuildingsremain in,orare capableofbeingusedfor, theiroriginalpurpose adaptation ofarchitecture tocaterfortheneedsofaspatown Building designadaptionssuchassemi-circular stairwallsandrampsfortheuseofsedanchairs,reflecting the The ubiquitoususeofchimneysandfireplaces withinGeorgianbuildings reflecting theuseofcoalasafuelsource Shop units,coffee andalehouses,demonstratingtheevolutionofretail industryintheGeorgianperiod subsequent difference anddecoration intheirscale,ornamentation The expressed hierarchy inboththeexteriordesignofGeorgianbuildings,andusespaceswithin, The highqualityofcraftsmanshipinGeorgianbuildingconstructionandornamentation Materials &Substance Location &Setting Location &Setting Location &Setting Location &Setting Location &Setting Location &Setting management systems Traditions, techniques& Use &Function Use &Function Use &Function Use &Function Use &Function Materials &Substance

UK UNESCO‘MemoryoftheWorld’ register into thehotspringsatBath,were inscribedonthe inscribed onsmallsheetsofleadorpewterandcast the personalandprivateprayersof130individuals scheme. In2014theRomanCursetablets,whichare ‘designated’ statusundertheArtsCouncilEngland Fashion MuseumandBathRecord Officeallhold The collectionsoftheRomanBathsMuseum, interpretation astohowprevious civilisationslived. and archive collectionsare essentialinproviding Heritage inscription,butneverthelesssomemuseum Moveable heritageisnotincludedundertheWorld to betakenintoaccountinholisticsitemanagement. there are othernationalandlocalvalueswhichhave significance, which givetheWHSitsinternational In additiontotheattributesofOUVoutlinedabove, 3.4 managing thecity. particular noteandshould notbeoverlookedin industrialpast ofBatharemedieval andVictorian of periods ofhistorytotheexclusionothers.The World Heritagedesignationcanalsohighlightcertain the earliestknownreference toChristianityinBritain. British Celtic,whilstanothercontainswhatiscurrently alphabet andistheonlyknownsurvivingtextin tablet ismadeupofCelticwords writtenin theLatin 53. 52. 51. 50. 49. Georgian architecture reflecting 18thcenturysocialambitions Other culturalvalue on buildingssuchastheCircus The reflection ofmythological,folkloricandantiquarianinfluencesonthedecorativemotifs,alignmentsdimensions and PumpRooms Rules andetiquettedevelopedinthepolitesociety, largelyintangiblebutembodiedinbuildingssuchastheAssembly Custom andpracticesassociatedwith‘takingthewaters’,includingpromenading extensive listoffamousandinfluentialpeoplewhovisited Bath asaplaceofresort, attractingvisitorsfrom awidegeographicalarea, andthehistoricalassociationswith re-birth ofthecityfrom asmallprovincial famousresort Englishtownintoaninternationally The patronage andvisionofJohnWood Senior, RalphAllenandBeauNashinleadingthesocial,economicphysical 2 . One . One landscape isappreciated todaymuch asitwas extends rightintotheheart ofthecity. Thisnatural the surrounding countrysidewhich enfoldsand its green spaces,theriverandcanal corridorsand form andthenaturallandscapeofcityincluding results from theharmoniousrelationship of the built Avon Valley. Itsdistinctivenesstoalargedegree surrounding landscapeofincisedplateauhillsandthe dependent uponthenaturalhotsprings, for itsculturalattributes.Itssignificancehowever is The CityofBathisinscribedasaWorld HeritageSite 3.5 interaction andtheshapingofsocialvalues. placeforlarge-scalesocial and international visitors. Ithasplayedalong-termrole asanational musicians were amongstthemanyprestigious spa Royalty, politicians,aristocracy, artists,writers,and particularly duringthe18thand19thcenturies. St. SwithensChurch Walls) from allperiods, (reflected intheplaquesofBathAbbeyand Walcot also hasrichassociationswithprominent people of theoutstandingphysicalelementsSite.Bath years old.Thisculture hasinspired thedevelopment springs isalivingtraditionwhichseveralthousand worship, bathingandhealingassociatedwiththehot which contributetoBath’s significance.Theculture of There are alsointangibleassociationsandtraditions Natural value otters, dragonfliesand damselflies, and providing cutting through the heartofthecity, supporting meadows, isalsoanimportant wildlifecorridor The RiverAvon, togetherwithassociated water strategic managementobjectivesandsupport. important andiconictothesettingofBathneed urban edgelocation.Thesehabitattypesare grazing andthepressures oftheirtopographyand Similarly, manygrasslandsare atthreat from under together withtheimpactsofclimatechange. long termneglectandfrom inadequatemanagement, degree. Manyofthewoodlandsare atthreat from types, butare allvulnerableandunderthreat tosome lowland meadows.Theseare UKpriorityhabitat woodland, unimproved calcareous grasslandsand and iconicnaturalhabitatsintheSiteare broadleaved In termsofecologyandbiodiversity, thepredominant and significanceoftheWHS. contributing toprotecting theauthenticity, integrity environment anditsvalueforpeopleaswell to maintainbiodiversityandthehealthofnatural natural environment anditsaccessibilityisessential and appropriate landscapemanagementofthe disadvantaged communities.Effective governance quality andtodevelopappreciation andenjoymentby could bedonetoprotect aspectsofthelandscape benefits. Howeverinthesedifferent socialtimesmore historically foritshealth,visualandenvironmental Spirit &feeling intangible heritage Language &otherformsof Use &Function Use &Function management systems Traditions, techniques&

2 http://www.unesco.org.uk/2014-uk-memory-of-the-world-register/ 1 Tower, SouthParade. breeds intheheartofcityonStJohn’s Church species isthePeregrine Falcon,whichsuccessfully that itwasaRomanfoodcrop). Anothersignificant greatest numbersaround theBatharea (onetheoryis Pyrenacium), isanationallyscarce plantfoundinits Spiked StarofBethlehem(Ornithogalum Down andBathamptonDown.BathAsparagus,or inthedisusedstoneminesofCombe and hibernate Horseshoe Bats.Theseare keyspecieswhichbreed Protected speciesincludebothLesserandGreater distinctiveness ofthecityandskyline. contribution tothelandscapecharacterandlocal woodlands, someancient,provide asignificant also provide importanthabitats.Trees and notable batspecies.Parks,gardens andcemeteries important flightlinesandforaginghabitatformany Heritage Convention,Sections88and89,Annex5 See UNESCOOperationalGuidelinesfortheImplementationofWorld

21 Management Plan 2016-2022 4 22 Management Plan 2016-2022 Housing atBath WesternRiverside, constructed 2015 of thesite Management hosted by B&NES Council and financially supported hosted byB&NESCouncil andfinanciallysupported a ‘World Heritage Co-ordinator’. Thepostwas convened andanearlytask wastheappointmentof On 14June2001aWHS SteeringGroup was took overtherole asprincipalsitesteward. wider geographicalarea beyondthecity. ThisCouncil Somerset (B&NES)Council,whichencompassed a City CouncilwassucceededbyBathandNorth East re-organisation, In the1996localgovernment Bath guidance note. added intothelocalplan,supplementedbya (Bath CityCouncil)andappropriate policieswere Management wastakenonbythelocalauthority Initially, littleimpactoftheinscriptionwasapparent. provided mostofthedocumentation. on 11December1987 World HeritageCommitteeatits11thsessioninParis The CityofBathwasinscribedbytheUNESCO Bath asaWHSisprovided. our current position,thefollowingshorthistoryof In order tobetterunderstandhowwehavearrivedat 4.2 the preceding plan. reason, thissectionissignificantlylongerthanthatof the 2010ManagementPlan(August2011).Forthis was commenteduponintheICOMOSresponse to for thebenefitof reader notfamiliarwiththesite, complex. Theneedtoexplainthesefully, especially management andtherelationships betweenthemare society. Thenumberofpartnersinvolvedin Bath isalargeurbanWHSinsophisticatedwestern various bodiesinvolvedrelate tooneanother. andhowthe place, thesystemsofgovernance main stakeholdersare, thecontrol mechanismsin terms ofmanagement,whoownstheland, heritage property. Itdescribesthestorysofarin This sectionexplainsthemanagementofworld 4.1 Buildings andMonumentsCommissionforEngland than itistoday. A36pagereport bythethenHistoric The process ofinscriptionin1987waslessonerous nomination followingthefirstUKinscriptionsin1986. Bath World HeritageSite:Thestorysofar Introduction 1 . It was an early UK . ItwasanearlyUK 2

Thermae BathSpa,theDysonAcademy the largesthousingdevelopmentinSWEngland), Shopping Centre, BathWesternRiverside(atthetime These includedre-development ofSouthgate multiple largedevelopmentproposals inthecity. The firstdecadeofthetwentycenturysaw heritage. site encompassesotherelementsofworldclass not carriedforward, butitdoesdemonstratethatthe tentative listwaspublishedin2014thisproposal was GWR linepassesthrough Bath.Whentherevised included intheUKtentativelistofWHS1999.The that theGreat WesternRailway(GWR)linewas As mentionedinsection3.4,itisworthnotinghere effective management. plan, whichputinplacethesystemsneededfor one oftheachievementsfirstmanagement confirmation oftheboundaryisagoodexample 2005) from theUNESCOWorld HeritageCentre. This subsequently confirmedbyletter(dated17October was managedaccordingly. Thisboundarywas that theboundaryencompassedentire cityandit description ofthe‘CityBath’wastakentomean which wasnotuncommonatthetime.The The property wasinscribedwithoutaboundarymap, model bymanyothersitesacross theworld. to drawupon,andwassubsequentlyusedasa the lackofpublishedguidanceandotherexamples plan in2003.Thiswasapioneeringdocumentgiven English Heritage)produced thefirstmanagement The Co-ordinator andSteeringGroup (chaired by period) from EnglishHeritage(nowHistoricEngland). by ‘start-up’funding(reducing overathree year strongly required. Management wasweak at atimewhenitwas hindsight, itwasunfortunate thatWorld Heritage Steering Group didnotmeetduring2008. In had leftthepost,role wasunfilledandthe due forrenewal. TheWorld HeritageCo-ordinator Management Planperiod,whenthatdocumentwas This pressure emergedattheendof2003-2009 significant debate. with theproposal ofnewarchitectural stylescaused style. Thissignificantdevelopmentpressure together Museuminacontemporaryarchitectural Holburne bus stationandanextensiontothegrade1listed 3 , the new , thenew property the OutstandingUniversalValue andintegrityofthe Riverside developmentandtheDysonAcademyon particularly thepossibleimpactofBathWestern and to consideritsoverallstateofconservation ICOMOS reactivemonitoringmissiontotheproperty ‘the StatePartyinviteajointWorld HeritageCentre/ 2008), UNESCOrequested that: Heritage Committee(32ndSession)inQuebec(July threatened bythesenewdevelopments.AtitsWorld commentators thattheOUVofproperty was UNESCO receivedfrom concern some The 2010-2016BathWHS ManagementPlan public realm strategyandtrafficplan. revised managementplanincludingatourismplan, reinforced interpretation forthesiteandcalleda of thesurrounding landscapebeenhanced, invited Riverside bereviewed, recommended thatprotection density andvolumeofbuildingsatBathWestern Bath WesternRiversidebesubmitted,urgedthat revised planshowinginclusionofsocialfacilitiesin been withdrawn,strongly recommended thata satisfaction thattheDysonAcademyProject had and interpretation. transport, thesetting,planning policy, publicrealm six planprioritieswere fundingand management, and addressed thepointsraised bythemission.The produced asaresponse to thecommitteedecision The missionreport levers infurtherfundingwhere possible(See5.12). B&NES CouncilandtheBathPreservation Trust, and Enhancement Fund.Thisgrantschemeisfundedby 2009) wastoestablishtheWorld Heritage An earlyactionoftheSteeringGroup chairman(in taking officeinFebruary2009. chairperson (MrDavidBeetonCBE)wasappointed, the organisation.AnindependentSteeringGroup influence keypolicydecisionsacross (andbeyond) the previous co-ordinator role andbetterplacedto Manager wascreated in2008,atahigherlevelthan management. AnewpositionofWorld Heritage reviewed andstrengthened worldheritage In response totheproposed mission,B&NESCouncil The missionvisitedinNovember2008. the sitewaswellmanaged.Thedecision noted thatthestateofconservationwasgoodand UNESCO World HeritageCommittee.Thereport 4 . 5 wasconsidered bythe2009 6 expressed 7 was was periods, and provide thehomes,employment and to drawupon experiencegainedinprevious plan maintaining astrong economy. There willbeaneed delivering afurtherphase ofsubstantialgrowth and maintaining thisgoodstate ofconservationwhilst Looking forward, the keychallengestobefacedare levels ofemployment,plus veryfew‘buildingsatrisk’. shop vacancyrates,highproperty valuesandhigh economy isbuoyant,withrecord visitornumbers, low state ofconservationisverygood.Thelocal As thisplaniscompiled,Bathatapointwhere the Plan (2010-2016)are shownbelow. Key achievementsoftheprevious WHSManagement General ofUNESCO. attended byMrGetachewEngida,DeputyDirector An award ceremony tookplaceon31October2014, UNESCO ‘MemoryoftheWorld’ register (see3.4). Sacred Spring,were addedtotheUKnational In 2014theRomanCursetablets,recovered from the Sport (subsequentlyforwarded toUNESCOin2014). was submittedtoDepartmentforCulture, Mediaand an updateoncurrent andforthcomingdevelopments, was undertakenandareport onthis,togetherwith through theplanperiod,afullmonitoringexercise Steering Group Chairperson.Asthiswasmid-way In 2013,MrPeterMetcalfetookovertherole of policy framework. 10 July2014,providing ahighlevelstrategicplanning The Core Strategy Also, alistof‘attributes’wascompiledandadopted was revised andadoptedbyUNESCO 2009 –seebibliography).The‘statementofvalues’ included theadoptionofaSettingStudy(October Strengthened policy protection during this plan period after thedecisionwasmade. civic functionon11December–exactly25years a rangeofactivitiesacross theyearandacelebratory 2012 sawthe25thanniversaryofinscription,with 5.11. the ‘Great SpasofEurope’ project outlinedinsection spa townstoEuropean culture. Thiswasthestartof World Heritageinscription,basedontheimpactof view topotentiallypursuingatrans-nationalbidfor bringing togethertheleadingEuropean spaswitha In 2010aconference washeldinBaden-Baden and hasbecomeanannualfixture eversince. World HeritageDaywasfirstcelebratedinApril2009 10 for the district was adopted on forthedistrictwasadoptedon 8 in 2013. in2013. 9 . period 2010-2016 Headline achievementsduringtheprevious plan as yetunknown. of thesedecisionsare likelytobelongtermandare of Englanddevolutiondeal.Theimplicationsboth Council takingthefirststepstowards apossible West Union, andwithBathNorthEastSomerset referendum votefortheUKtoleaveEuropean 2016 hasseensomepoliticaluncertainty, withthe impacting upontheOUVofproperty. transport infrastructure required withoutdetrimentally entrance halltomarkthe occasion. Heritage symbolwasplaced intheRomanBaths’ marking 25yearssinceinscription.AlargeWorld A civiceventwasheldon11December2012, English Heritage. over 5,000buildings,isrevised andpublished by The register oflistedbuildingsinBath,containing Bath Transport Packageisawarded £10.9m. Study SupplementaryPlanningDocument. adoption oftheBathWorld HeritageSiteSetting The ‘protection ofsetting’isaddressed bythe 2012 and launched. Bath BusinessImprovement Districtisestablished on-line HistoricEnvironment Record. employed bytheCouncil,pavingwayfor A HistoricEnvironment Record Officerisfirst following successfultrials. and hybridParkRidebusesare introduced implemented aspartofa‘CIVITAS’ fundedinitiative A consolidatedfreight deliverysystemis award. Building oftheYear Award andaCivicTrust design Museumopens,winningRIBASW Holburne The £11.2mextensiontothegrade1listed Bath projects from 2010-2015. The HeritageLotteryFundsupportedover160 2011 Adoption of Council Cultural&Creative Strategy to keylocalmuseumsfor residents, isissued. The 25,000thDiscovery Card, allowingfree access adopted. The ‘GettingAround Bath’Transport Strategyis Tentative List. The Great SpasofEurope bidisaddedtotheUK adopted onthe14May2014. ‘Attributes ofOutstandingUniversalValue’ are the MuseumsTrading armofHeritageServices. A DVDonthe‘CityofBath’WHSisproduced by its education,marketingandsupportstaff. the HeritageServicesbusinessunitwithaccess to World Heritagemanagementmovestositwithin Centre Centre. andRomanBathsLearning the ‘Archway Project’ tocreate aWorld Heritage Round 1HeritageLotteryfundingissecured for funding. Cleveland Poolsachievedround 1HeritageLottery Major newlotteryfundingbidsforBathAbbeyand 2014 Shopping Centre andrestoring industrialheritage. Station opened,completingthelinkwithSouthgate Brunel Square andarevamped BathSpaRailway Tunnels route, opened. Britain’s longestcycletunnel,the£4.3mTwo Chairman tookoffice. A newindependentWHSSteeringGroup Crescent Museumopens. The £5mrevamp andextensionofNo.1Royal the worldheritagesymbolwasrolled out. New cityinformationway-marking,incorporating 2013. Construction andRetro-fitting SPDfollowedin guidance waslaunchedin2011,andaSustainable The ‘Warmer Bath’historicbuildingadaptation Waterside Schemein2013. Partnership grantof£11mforBathQuays and ExceptiontestsaWest ofEngland Study, FloodRiskManagementStudy, Sequence undertaken includingaCompensatoryStorage Extensive floodriskpreventative workis 2013

23 Management Plan 2016-2022 24 Management Plan 2016-2022 through thecentre ofWidcombe. June 2015,reducing trafficharm andvolume Parade schemeiscompletedin The Widcombe £3.4m majorrestoration. Bridgere-opensThe gradell*Victoria aftera expenditure inexcessof£1m. undertakes its50thproject, deliveringtotalon-site The World HeritageEnhancementFund travel. Railway starts,promising quickerandcleanerrail Work ontheelectrificationofGreat Western Gainsborough Hotelin2015. in 2011,enablestheopeningof5* A newinclinedbore holetothehotsprings,drilled 2014. Rentalstopped1,000permonth. in financially self-sufficient,afterbeinglaunched The ‘NextBike’cyclehire schemebecomes and occupancylevelsare high. 2015, includingover100affordable units.Sales well, with300dwellingsbuiltandoccupiedby Bath WesternRiversideconstructionproceeds all availableon-line. with keydocumentsandSteeringGroup minutes A newmobile-enabledWHSwebsiteislaunched, Conservation Area beginsin2015. Production ofcharacterappraisalsforBath restoring historicfeatures. A ‘face-lift’restoration ofQueenSquare opens, 19 April2015. Garden achieverecord visitornumbersonSunday period. TheeventhelpedPriorParkLandscape event everyyearfrom 2009onward duringtheplan World HeritageDaywascelebratedbyapublic 2015 partial pedestrianisationofStallStreet. and LowerBorough Walls were delivered, with Northumberland Passage,HighStreet, StallStreet High qualitypublicrealm improvement schemesin honour attheawards ceremony inBath. the UNESCODeputyDirector-General guestof UNESCO UK‘MemoryoftheWorld’ register, with The Romancursetabletsare addedtothe date planningpolicyprotection forthesite. The Core Strategyisadopted,providing up-to- public realm oftheCity. also hasarole inmaintaining andimproving the also housestheFashion Museum.B&NESCouncil management andconservation oftheproperty, which case, theCouncilhasfull responsibility forthe the AssemblyRoomsfrom theNationalTrust. Inthis commercial ventures. TheCouncilcurrently leases Council ownedproperties are generallymanaged as the hotsprings. and hasresponsibility forprotection owns of Council opportunity forpublicaccessandinterpretation. The significant control overthesebuildingsandgood Services) importantheritageassets.Thisgives owns, occupiesandmanages(through its Heritage Pump RoomcomplexandGuildhall,theCouncil therefore varies.IncasessuchastheRomanBaths, leased outandthelevelofdirect Councilcontrol property, muchofithistoric.Manyproperties are The Councilownsaround 60%ofcitycentre The wholeoftheWHSlieswithinB&NESdistrict. metropolitan countyanddistrictcouncilcombined. authority withthepowersandfunctionsofanon- Bath &NorthEastSomersetCouncilisaunitary the twouniversitiesandStJohn’s Hospitalcharity. Authority, HousingAssociations,theNationalTrust, Notable here are ownersincludingtheLocal influential inthegoodmanagementofsite. has historicallybeen(andcontinuestobe)highly Ownership byconservationmindedorganisations organisations whichholdlargeproperty portfolios. Aside from residents, there are anumberof Bath IndependentGuestHousesAssociation. associations plusassociatemembersincludingthe organisation representing 26localresident’s Associations membership oftheFederationBathResidents’ represented ontheWHSSteeringGroup through various ways.Asproperty ownerstheyare principally These citizensare includedinthesitemanagement buildings are intheownershipofprivatecitizens. Much ofthelandwithinsiteandmanyhistoric other significantstakeholders. principal land/property ownersandthenin4.4of used. Thissectionincludesabriefdescriptionof owners havesignificantcontrol overhowtheirlandis ownership isanextremely importantelementas In termsofhowthesiteismanaged,property 4.3 Ownership (FoBRA). FoBRAisanumbrella the Countess ofHuntingdon’s Chapel(housing the (operated asamuseum and Trust headquarters)and BPT ownsandmanages No.1RoyalCrescent Group. long-standing andactive memberoftheSteering museums) provides interpretation. The BPTisa assistance, mobilisesvolunteersand(through its pushes forhighstandards, provides adviceand WHS theBPTprovides scrutinyofmajordecisions, to holdwithintheUK.Inmanagementof agency, auniquepositionforheritageorganisation self-sufficient andindependentofanycontrolling Prince ofWales intherole asPatron. Itisfinancially influence, withforexamplehisRoyalHighnessthe advice from itsmembershipandhassignificant members (UKandoverseas).Itdrawsuponexpert The BPThasapproximately 1,400subscribing applications andpolicyinitiatives. comments onplanningandlistedbuilding schemes ordemolitionofstructures anditroutinely campaigned onmanyproposals includingnewroad Trust hasrestored historicproperties, successfully charity, foundedin1934asapressure group. The Bath Preservation Trust (BPT)isanindependent mechanism. NT therefore provides ahighlyeffective management development. Landownershipbyabodysuchasthe which givesitverystrong protection againstsaleor the Trust hasthepowertodeclare landinalienable 1931) theAssemblyRooms.ByActofParliament, College. Asnotedabove,theNThaveowned(since mansion itselfremains intheownershipofPriorPark 1993) PriorParkLandscapeGarden. PriorPark Wood, RainbowWood FarmandFields(since The landincludesBathwickWood, Smallcombe A36 Warminster RoadandClavertonDownRoad. 500 acres oflandtotheeastBath,between The representation ontheSteeringGroup. property owner, plusanotherconduitforresident will beCuro customers.Curo istherefore asignificant grade 1.Insomeareas afifthofthelocalpopulation centre. Manyproperties are listedbuildings,some homes are withinB&NES,witharound 530inthecity Curo. Around 10,000ofCuro’s stockof12,500 Community Trust, andthisrole hasnowpassedto social housingprovider toSomerHousing Bath. In1999B&NESCouncilpasseditsrole as Curo isanot-for-profit housingorganisationbasedin National Trust (NT)ownsandmanagesover likely tobecovenanted againstdevelopment. often lieswithresidents associations andthelandis ensembles. Responsibility andownershipofthese Crescent are integraltothose architectural crescents suchas RoyalCrescent andLansdown example, thegreen spacesfronting Georgian be separatefrom current ownershipisimportant.For Finally, therole oflegalcovenantsonland,which may whose properties border theriver. subject totheownershipofriparianowners its floodplains.AbovePulteney Weir, the Avon is Environment Agencyisresponsible fortheriverand joins withtheRiverAvon inthecentre oftheSite.The Avon sideand Canal,whichentersontheeastern British Waterways) ownsandmanagestheKennet& through theSite.TheCanalandRiverTrust (formerly infrastructure, includingtherailnetworkthatpasses owners. NetworkRailownsBritain’s railway Also worthyofmentionare therail,riverandcanal Street andthehistoricBeauford Square. Street, StCatherine’s andBellot’s hospitalsonBeau Church HousebetweenWestgate BuildingsandBath including theStJohn’s HospitalcomplexandAbbey number ofhistoricproperties inandaround thecity, of theBathMunicipalCharitiesownandmanagea St John’s Hospital(founded1174)andtheTrustees students (2009). Gardens. TheUniversityhasapproximately 5,500 English Heritage’s RegisterofHistoricParksand the Universityare listedandNewtonParkison west ofthecity. Severalofthebuildingsoccupiedby the city, andtheotheratNewtonPark,justto situated around slopesof SionHill,onthenorthern Bath SpaUniversityhastwocampuses,one coming from outsideoftheUK. has approximately 15,155students Carpenter House,SouthgateStreet. TheUniversity at PulteneyStreet, BathwickHillandasiteat with forexamplesmallaccommodationsitessuchas Sport. TheUniversityalsohascitycentre property, educational facilitiesandtheNationalInstituteof shops andentertainmentinadditiontothe complex isself-containedwithaccommodation, on alargesiteattheedgeofGreen Belt.The The Herschel MuseumofAstronomy. trustee ofBeckford’s Tower, andisatrusteeofthe Museum ofBathArchitecture). TheTrust issole is sited at Claverton Down, University ofBathissitedatClavertonDown, 11 , 25% of them , 25%ofthem overseas tourismmatters. members andkeypartners ondomesticand centres inthecountry. BTPare activeSteeringGroup visitors perannumandassuchisoneofthebusiest InformationCentreVisitor receives over500,000 scheme forover500localtourismbusinesses.Bath InformationCentrethe Visitor andamembership B&NES Council,andbyincomegeneratedthrough by guarantee),partiallyfundedpublicmoneyfrom organisation forBath.Itisaprivatecompany(limited Bath Tourism Plus(BTP)isthedestinationmarketing body. between ICOMOSUKandthewiderinternational in section4.6anditisimportanttomakeadistinction cultural heritage.Thisorganisationisdescribedbelow ICOMOS UKisanadvisorybodyonmattersof closely withDCMSatnationallevel. Advice,whoworks does theHeadofInternational regional office(Bristol)sitsontheSteeringGroup as development applications.Arepresentative from the planning authorityonpolicyand site managementbyengagingwithB&NESas HistoricEnglandplaysanactiverole government. in monuments andadvisingcentrallocal preserving andlistinghistoricbuildings,ancient protecting thehistoricalenvironment ofEnglandby sponsored government byDCMS.Itistaskedwith executive non-departmentalpublicbodyofthe Historic England(formerlyEnglishHeritage)isan person. members oftheSteeringGroup butdonotattendin DCMS actingasthe‘stateparty’.are named UNESCO World HeritageCentre mustpassvia communication betweenBathWHSandthe responsibility forWorld HeritageinEngland.Allformal departmentwith (DCMS) isthegovernment The directly involvedinmanagement. who donotownlandbutare influentialand but there areagencies bodiessuchasgovernment owners describedabovewhoare alsostakeholders, WHS. There isobviousoverlaphere withtheland those whohaveastakeinthemanagementof ‘Stakeholders’ istheumbrella termusedtodescribe 4.4 Department forCulture, MediaandSport Other keystakeholders.

£243,000 their role andcollectivelyprovide worktothevalue of young people,whoreceive formaltrainingaspartof Co-ordinator post.Athird ofthesevolunteersare 300 volunteersunderthesupervisionofaVolunteer Museum,whichretainsthe Holburne approximately reliant uponvolunteers.Anexampleisprovided by museums withintheSite,providing interpretation, are dependent uponvolunteerlabour. Manyofthe Trust andCanalRiverTrust are heavily regard toconservation,bodiessuchastheNational most councillorsinandsurrounding thesite.With Group Chairisanunpaidrole, asare thepositionsof apositionsuchastheSteering terms ofgovernance, the site,andassuchtheyare keystakeholders.In conservationandinterpretation in thegovernance, The role ofvolunteercitizenparticipationisessential Group. setting oftheWHSandisamemberSteering adjoining areas. ALCArepresents theparishesin councils andparishmeetingswithinB&NES member organisationrunbyandforthelocal Avon LocalCouncilsAssociation(ALCA)isa represented. Group. Secondaryschoolsare notcurrently Primary whoistheChairofBathTeachers’ Group bytheHeadTeacher atWeston AllSaints schools are currently represented ontheSteering Site andassuchare importantstakeholders.The to thesite.Thepupilswillbefuture custodiansofthe There are around 21primaryschoolsinoradjacent evening economy. and runsa‘Nightwatch’servicetomanagethe ‘Great BathFeast’,operatestradewasteservices promotes eventssuchas‘BathinFashion’andthe promotes andmanageseventsinopenspaces, special binsforcigarette stubsandchewinggum,it street cleanliness;itintroduced initiativessuchas employs arangerteamtoprovide enhancedlevelsof which coversthecentralarea oftheWHS.TheBID 2011. More than700businessespayintotheBID, voted forbythebusinessesofBathandintroduced in an independent,not-for-profit, businessledinitiative The BathBusinessImprovement District(BathBID)is 12 perannumtothemuseum. international level,throughinternational tonationalandlocal. management structure ofthesite,from the The flowchartbelowshowsasimplified manage thesiteandsystemsthatare inplace. on toexplainhowtheyinteractwitheachother ownerships andkeystakeholders,thissectiongoes Having describedtheprincipalland/property 4.5 Management Systems (South West Region) Historic England Historic England (World HeritageManager– Department forCulture, WH Centre (Paris) Media andSport B&NES Council) WH Committee Steering Group Bath WHS UNESCO UNESCO (London) International ICOMOS ICOMOS (UK)

25 Management Plan 2016-2022 26 Management Plan 2016-2022 receiving payment secretary andskeletonstaff ofadministration basis, with(inthecaseofICOMOSUK)onlya ICOMOS UK).workslargelyonavoluntary Committees plus95National(including planners. There are Scientific 27International geographers, anthropologists, engineersandtown historians, archaeologists, arthistorians, network ofinterdisciplinary expertsincluding archaeological heritage.ICOMOScomprisesofa technique totheconservationofarchitectural and application oftheory, methodology, andscientific world’s culturalheritageplaces. Itpromotes works fortheconservationandprotection ofthe organisationwhich international non-governmental Monuments andSites(ICOMOS).ICOMOSisa Councilon cultural WHS)istheInternational expert bodies.Ofprincipalrelevance toBath(asa The World HeritageCommitteeisadvisedbyseveral workings ofthatorganisation. UK sites. charitable bodywhichprovides representation for all UNESCO andWorld HeritageUK(WH:UK),a are ICOMOSUK, the UKNationalCommissionfor management. Alsoinvolved atthisnational/locallevel England provide alinkbetweennationaland local region sitsontheBathSteeringGroup. Historic and individualsites.Anofficerfrom theSouth West (principallyfrom government theirLondonoffices) on themanagementchart,astheyadvisecentral inscription in2016.HistoricEnglandare shown twice with theearliestUKsitescelebrating30yearssince The UKisexperiencedindealingwithWHmatters, 4.7 and are advisedbyHistoricEngland. department responsible forWorld Heritagematters described aboveDCMSare thegovernment Bath) andUNESCOmustgoviathe‘stateparty’.As Any correspondence between‘theproperty’ (Cityof The UNESCOwebsite Centre (Paris)provides thecommitteeadministration. General Assembly. TheUNESCOWorld Heritage States PartiestotheConventionelectedbytheir once ayearandconsistsofrepresentatives from 21 The UNESCOWorld HeritageCommitteemeets 4.6 National andLocalManagement International Management International 15 14 . 13 gives a full explanation of the givesafullexplanationofthe Council. Heritage Manager, afull-timeemployeeofB&NES liaison role withstakeholdersisprovided bytheWorld WHS. Co-ordination oftheSteeringGroup andthe B&NES Councilare theprincipalsteward ofthe discussion. enhancement fundare currently (2016)under sub-groups toaddress educationandthe guided developmentofthisplanandtheformation the SteeringGroup, althoughasub-group has There are currently nopermanentsub-groups under and historictowns(2014) below from Thesustainablegrowth ofcathedralcities 2001 andisaneffective partnership,asthequote noted abovethisgroup hasbeenestablishedsince Steering Group hasanindependentChairperson.As which typicallymeetstwoorthree timesperyear. The The SteeringGroup isanon-executiveadvisorybody and majorlandownersare included. shown inAppendix5andallprincipalstakeholders members ofthegroup andtermsofreference are implementation ofthisManagementPlan.Current responsible foroverseeingtheproduction and Locally, theCityofBathWHSSteeringGroup is a valuablecontextformanaginggrowth. heritage oftenlackingelsewhere.Allthishasbeen there isafeelingoflocalsharedresponsibilityfor how oneofitsfewglobalcity-scaleSitesfares, UNESCOtakingakeeninterestin needed. With Management Planexplainstheapproachthatis relation todevelopmentproposals,andtheWHS Outstanding UniversalValue ofthecityplaysoutin All partiesincreasinglyunderstandhowthe a focusaroundwhichthepartiescanlargelyagree. development andheritage,buttheWHSprovides be arecipeforwarofattritionbetween bodiesinthecity.array ofconservation Thiscould Trustthe BathPreservation leadsaformidable both asanauthorityandmajorlandowner, while B&NES Councilisasupporterofeconomicgrowth 16 demonstrates: demonstrates: on EIAs, see the Government ‘PlanningPortal’ on EIAs,seetheGovernment proposal ontheWHS anditsOUV. Forfurtherdetails WHS shouldconsiderthe culturalimpactofthe The NationalPlanningPracticeGuidance designated Heritage.Itstatesthat: decisions. TheNPPFclarifiesthatWHSare taken intoaccountinlocaldevelopmentmanagement NPPF isamaterialconsiderationwhichmustbe under the1972World HeritageConvention.The consistent withtheUKGovernment’s obligations historic environment, includingWHS,andis The NPPFsetsoutnationalplanningpolicyonthe highest levelsofprotection. designationsshouldreceive and international the Policy. Itgivesacommitmentthatareas withnational Planning stoneofGovernment (NPPF) isthecorner The 2012NationalPlanningPolicyFramework 4.9 with theemergenceofpublichealthacts. world, originatingasearlythenineteenthcentury one oftheoldestandmostrobust systemsinthe protecting theOUVofproperty. Thissystemis The UKplanningsystemisaprincipalmethodof 4.8 (EIA) Regulations2011 purposes oftheEnvironmental ImpactAssessment WHS’s are classedassensitiveareas forthe 4.10 UK planninglaw. UNESCO system,howitoperatesandinteracts with answers to‘Frequently AskedQuestions’aboutthe relates toWorld Heritage.ThisincludesplainEnglish provides anoverviewofnationalplanningpolicyasit Heritage Sites,shouldbewhollyexceptional.’ and II*registeredparksgardens,World I battlefields, gradeIandII*listedbuildings, scheduled monuments,protectedwrecksites, assets ofthehighestsignificance,notably ‘‘Substantial harmtoorlossofdesignatedheritage National PlanningPolicy Framework UK Planning,PolicyandLegislative Environmental ImpactAssessments 18 . EIAs for development in . EIAsfordevelopmentin 17 also also 19 . produced usefulguidanceaboutthis. Permission inBathWHS.ICOMOShavealso required forallworksrequiring LBCorPlanning development proposal. HeritageStatementsare potential harmorotherimpactscausedbythe the assets’importanceandanassessmentmadeof setting. Thelevelofdetailshouldbeproportionate to affected, includinganycontributionmadebytheir to describethesignificanceofanyheritageassets local planningauthoritiesshouldrequire anapplicant The NPPFstatesthatindeterminingapplications, 4.12 details. include aDAS.SeeagainthePlanningPortalfor Listed buildingconsent(LBC)applicationsmustalso applications mustalsobeaccompaniedbyaDAS. conservation areas andWHS’s, where somesmaller full andoutline.Lowerthresholds applyin planning applicationsformajordevelopment–both Procedure) Order 2010.ADASisrequired with Country Planning(DevelopmentManagement for allplanningapplicationsundertheTown and Design andAccessStatements(DAS)are required 4.11 4.13 democratically elected local councillors, ensuring that democratically electedlocal councillors,ensuringthat Committee. Thiscommittee comprisesof will beheard bythe DevelopmentManagement officers, orinthecaseof more complexcasesthey will eitherbe‘delegated’ decisionsmadebyplanning is participatory. Decisionsonindividualapplications management ofthesitethrough theplanningsystem consensus, butitdoesensure thatprotection and very influential.Thisprocess cannotalwaysachieve on developmentandpolicyproposals, andcanbe Local amenitysocietieswillalsoregularly comment enshrined inUKculture andheavilyusedinBath. development proposals. Thisrighttocomment is citizens canbothhelpshapepolicyandcomment on processes allowingpubliccomment,ensuringthat development applications.Bothactivitiesinclude the frameworkofNPPFandassessing are responsible forsettinglocalplanningpolicywithin B&NES Councilare thelocalplanningauthority. They Assessments Heritage Statements/HeritageImpact Design andAccessStatements Local PlanningPolicy 20

Universal Value oftheWorld Heritage Site. weighed againstthelevel ofharmtotheOutstanding adapting toclimatechange, thisbenefitwillbe demonstrable publicbenefit, includingmitigatingand Heritage Site.Wheredevelopmenthasa equally todevelopmentwithinthesettingofWorld authenticity orintegrity. Thispresumptionapplies Universal Value oftheWorld HeritageSite,its that wouldresultinharmtotheOutstanding There isastrongpresumptionagainstdevelopment Policy B4TheWorld HeritageSiteandits Setting Universal Value: development whichwouldharmitsOutstanding which seekstoprotect theWHSanditsSettingfrom Plan. TheCore Strategycontainsthefollowingpolicy policy andformsPart1ofthenewemergingLocal policy, theCore stoneoflocal Strategyisthecorner stoneofnational Just astheNPPFiscorner transportation, tourism,housingandemployment. it alsocoverslocalcommunityfacilities, management ofdevelopmentandsustainability, and a rangeofotherpoliciesrelating tothecontrol and gardens andmanyothers.Inadditiontothis,there is wildlife andgeologicalsites,historicparks remains andancientmonuments,woodland, development withinsensitiveareas, archaeological such aslistedbuildingsandconservationareas, historic andnaturalenvironments, coveringissues raft ofplanningpoliciesfortheprotection ofthe The DevelopmentPlantakenasawholecontains Waste Core Strategy(2011). Local Plan(2007)andtheWest ofEnglandJoint ‘saved’ policiesfrom theBath&NorthEastSomerset comprises theCore Strategy(adoptedJuly2014), The DevelopmentPlanforB&NEScurrently 4.14 the LocalPlanningAuthorityisessential. and robust enforcement ofplanningregulations by investigated andactedupon.Inthisrespect, effective hold credibility withcitizens,ifbreaches ofcontrol are The planningsystemcanonlyworkeffectively, and democratic andopen. the planningprocess isagainbothparticipatory, The Development Plan The DevelopmentPlan prior consentapplications. Applicationsare also matters, andretains aconsultant geologisttoassess Council employsatrained officertodealwiththese Batheaston thedepthlimit increases to50m.The on thevalleyslopesand beyond thecityto to 15minazonealongtheRiverAvon’s floodplain, consent isrequired is5m,thecritical depthextends central area closetothespringslimitbelowwhich requires priorconsentfrom theCouncil.In city where excavationdeeperthanprescribed limits This Actidentifiesthree concentriczoneswithinthe measures toprotect thewatersupplyofsprings. giving B&NESCouncilpowerstotakereasonable County ofAvon Act(1982)isanofParliament the hotspringssinceRoyalCharterof1591.The evolutions) hasbeenchargedwiththeprotection of The Council in Bath (through its various organisational 4.15 Plan policieswillbereplaced through thisPlan. adopted, themajorityofremaining savedLocal little weightcanbeattributedtoitatthisstage.When stages inthestatutoryplanpreparation process and The PlacemakingPlan(asof2016)isintheearly development proposals withintheCity. buildings anddesignvaluestoguidesensitive Examples includeguidanceovertheheightofnew provides thepolicyguidancetoaddress issues. multiple examplesforwhichthePlacemakingPlan management. TheActionPlan(chapter6)contains This isakeydocumentintermsofWHS the provision ofnecessaryinfrastructure. sustainable, welllocateddevelopmentsupportedby policy frameworktopromote anddeliverhighquality, Strategy bysettingoutarobust andpositiveplanning deliver thestrategicframeworksetoutinCore planning policies.Itcomplementsandseeksto development andoutlinesadistrict-widesuiteof The PlacemakingPlanallocatesspecificsitesfor which willformPart2oftheemergingLocalPlan. B&NES Councilisprogressing aPlacemakingPlan setting oftheWHS. assessment oftheimpactdevelopmenton guidance fordevelopersregarding therequired 2013) Setting SupplementaryPlanningDocument(August This policyissupportedbyTheCityofBathWHS 21 Protection oftheHotSprings whichprovides adetailedbackground and assistance toward buildingmaintenance orrepair. private householdersto obtain financialgrant ended in1995/6anditis nowalmostimpossiblefor However,jointly bycentralandlocal government. this historic buildingrepair grantsprogramme, funded funding. Bathbenefittedgreatly from afortyyear Also ofrelevance istheincentiveprovided bygrant in thischapterare predominantly basedoncontrol. The managementsystemsandmechanismsoutlined 4.17 does notevenregister asarisktoOUVinBath. checked, accidentsare veryrare andthisactivity and fortheballoonsthemselvestobesafety trained, licensed,medicallyassessedandinsured Authority, therequirement forallballoonpilotstobe of theregulations imposedbytheUKCivilAviation was askedifthisaproblem inBath,butbecause popular butapotentialrisktothefabricofsite.It WHS ofBagan,Myanmar, where hotairballooningis that BathWHSreceived from thetentativeUNESCO complexity ofcontrol isdemonstratedbyanenquiry have theirownmanagingbodies.Thedepthand systems inplace,andtherailway, riverandcanal exemption’) astheyhavetheirowncontrol for listedbuildingconsent(under‘ecclesiastical Christian denominationsare exemptfrom theneed control vehiclemovementandparking,the5main building construction,trafficActsand regulations example buildingregulations applystandards tonew above, butthere are manyothersinplace.For mechanisms impactingontheOUVare outlined and legislationaffecting theWHS.Themain a wealthofinteractingmanagementmechanisms As statedintheintroduction tothischapterthere are 4.16 process tomonitorpotentialimpacts. entering intolegalagreements through theplanning with WhatleyQuarry, some15milessouthofBath, quarrying inthesurrounding region isalsomonitored, minute basis.Asaprecautionary measure, deep and contentbytheCouncil,onanautomatedfifteen The hotspringwaterismonitored atsource forflow Agency. submitted toahydro-geologist attheEnvironment Funding Incentives Other ManagementMechanisms applications in England have to be determined can applications inEnglandhave tobedeterminedcan statutory timescaleswithin whichplanning triggered bymajordevelopment proposals. The missions toUKWorld HeritageSites are usually had already beenissued.Reactive monitoring visited thecity, legallybindingplanningpermissions UNESCO/ICOMOS reactive monitoringmissionhad Western Riversidedevelopment,bythetimeajoint report toUNESCOandwhen.InthecaseofBath Bath itcanbeadifficultjudgementcallastowhat to citysuchas experienced inacontemporarywestern theconstantchange the OUVofproperty’. With restorations ornewconstructionswhichmayaffect State Partyisrequested toinformUNESCOof‘major section 172oftheUNESCOOperatingGuidelines struggle tokeeppacewithurbanchange.Under recognised. Internationally, theWHsystemcan There are otherpotentialgapswhichcanbe 2013) isbuiltintotheprogramme. Group membersandareview (thelastonebeingin Changes willalsotakeplaceamongstSteering therefore onlyefficientif repeated asnecessary. from training,andmanagementofsuchmeasures is politicians. Thesekeydecisionmakersmaybenefit (as theydidin2015)awidespread changeoflocal elections takeplaceeveryfouryearsandcanresult Mechanisms doneedtobekeptunderreview. Local systems are workingwell. conservation withintheWHSdemonstratesthat well established,triedandtested.Thegoodstateof systems inplaceare extensiveandtoalargepart This chapterdemonstratesthatthemanagement 4.18 high standard. promoted andenabledconservationprojects toa The World HeritageEnhancementFundhasalso pointing techniques. work includingtrainingvolunteersinwallingandlime subsequently embarkedonextensiveconservation works toSmallcombeCemetery, andhave obtained agrantof£46,800inDecember2014for group theFriendsofSt.Mary’s Churchyards, who workmanship. Anexampleofthisisthecommunity funding generallyinsistonhighstandards of charities, andtheconditionsthatcomewiththis Funding doesexistfornot-for-profit groups and Analysis ofcurrent management

27 Management Plan 2016-2022 28 Management Plan 2016-2022 momentum. personnel wouldresult inalossofknowledgeand management inthesiteandariskthatlossofkey below there are afewkeypeopleinvolvedinWH Finally, asidentifiedintheriskassessmentoutlined and production ofamanagementstrategy. address thisthrough theformationofapartnership complicated andcostly. Thisplansupportsactionto undesirable activitiesofboatershere, legalactionis for thisstretch ofriverand,ifthere are problems with is currently (2016)norecognised navigationauthority Kennet andAvon Canal,andPulteneyBridge.There junctionoftheriverand between theWidcombe best exampleofthisisthestretch oftheRiverAvon and somegapsinmanagementresponsibility. The management ofnaturalwatercoursesintheWHS There are multipleagenciesinvolvedinthe systems needtobeclarifiedisinrivermanagement. management across theWHS,anarea where Whilst thischapteroutlinestightenvironmental importance oftheWHS. each newdecisionmakerneedstounderstandthe historic buildingswhichtheyare stewards of,and described, haveaveryshortlifecompared tothe influence decisionmakerswhich,aspreviously There isalsoacontinuingneedtotrain,educateand address thesesmallchangesaswellitcould. planning systemoutlinedabovedoesnotalways enough ofthesecanimpactontheOUV. The private buildingsmaynotappearaproblem, but cumulative change.Forexample,minoralterationsto The Siteisvulnerabletosmallscaledetrimental Centre and ICOMOS in order to address this difficulty. will continuetoliaisecloselywiththeWorld Heritage DCMS,B&NES account inplanningdecisions.Via and theWorld HeritageCommitteetobetakeninto make itdifficultfortheadviceprovided bymissions lines and internet advice lines andinternet food businesses,plusemergencyadvicetelephone Emergency Plan,guidanceforhouseholdersand mitigation measures are inplace,includingaFlood Agency andagainarangeofassessment The leadbodyonfloodriskistheEnvironment insurance inplace. open tothepublicwillhavetheirownstrategiesand Each individualbuildingorattraction,especiallythose centre evacuationplan. to arangeofpossibleemergenciessuchascity Manual (2012) produce guidancesuchastheCommunityResilience Resilience Forumthesebodiesworktogetherand Team. Through theAvon andSomersetLocal services, plustheCouncil’s EmergencyPlanning for thecityisprovided bythefire, policeandhealth monument isinscribed.Genericemergencyresponse differs from asitewhere anindividualcomplexor Risk assessmentovertheextensivesiteofBath strategies. World HeritageSitemanagementplansandtraining include riskpreparednessasanelementintheir 118. TheCommitteerecommendsthatStateParties (July 2015)recommend thatitisaddressed: management andUNESCOOperatingGuidelines Risk assessmentandresponse isakeytoolinsite 4.19 been published. this isabackground workingdocumentandhasnot are inplacetoprotect theOUV. Atthetimeofwriting gap-analysis tooltoensure allnecessarymeasures assessment tableiskeptandusedprimarilyas In termsofspecificWHmanagement,arisk Risk management 22 23 andplannedco-ordinated responses 24 . Plan. and there isanactiontoconfirmthisintheAction monitoring. Itisplannedtocontinuewiththiscycle proved anefficientandeffective methodof biennial progress reporting totheSteeringGroup basis. There were 71actionsinthe2010planand actions, thishasbeenundertakenonatwoyear regardWith tothemonitoringofmanagementplan provide thenecessarydatatoassessit. mechanisms are inplacetoflagupanyproblem and existence ofindividualinformationsources ensures report iscompiledorconsidered necessary. The do so.Therefore nolocalregular WHmonitoring sources iscurrently outweighedbythetimetakento benefit of regularly collatingthesefrom individual Baths). Giventhesizeandcomplexityofsite, individual monuments(forexample,theRoman Building Control) andconservationmonitoringof monitoring ofwaterflowtheHotSprings(Council traffic counts(CouncilHighways)through todetailed (collected byBathBusinessImprovement District), Team), shopvacancyand citycentre footfall England andtheCouncil’s PlanningandConservation Plus), listedbuildingsatrisk(collectedbyHistoric from tourismstatistics(collectedbyBathTourism available toassesstheSitecondition.Theserange Locally, there are manydifferent monitoringindicators be spotted. 2013. Thisisahighlevelexercise enablingtrends to Periodic Reporting.Thistookplacein2005and UNESCO monitorstheconditionofallsitesthrough monitoring oftheimplementationPlanactions. monitoring oftheconditionSiteandsecondly Monitoring fallsintotwocategories.Firstlythere is 4.20 Monitoring 24 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/your-council-and-democracy/ 23 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/your-council-and-democracy/ 22 http://whc.unesco.org/en/guidelines/ 21 20 http://www.icomos-uk.org/world-heritage/ 19 http://planningguidance.planningportal.gov.uk 18 17 http://planningguidance.communities.gov.uk/blog/guidance/ 16 15 http://worldheritageuk.org/ 14 http://www.icomos.org/en/ 13 http://whc.unesco.org/en/about/ 12 11 10 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/planning-and-building-control/ 9 http://www.bathworldheritage.org.uk/documents 8 7 www.bathworldheritage.org.uk 6 5 4 3 2 1 emergencies/flooding emergencies Supplementary%20Planning%20Document.pdf heritage/World%20Heritage%20Site%20Setting%20 http://www.bathworldheritage.org.uk/sites/world_heritage_site/files/ The CityofBathWHSSettingSupplementaryPlanningDocument Environmental ImpactAssessment para 32). Interpretation section,pararef 2(1)“sensitiveareas” (d))andPPG conserving-and-enhancing-the-historic-environment/ Heritage Green Balance,withDavidBurton-Pye.CommissionedbyEnglish The sustainablegrowth ofcathedralcitiesand historictowns.2014. Calculation basedonpaymentattheUKstatutoryminimumwage. 2013/14 HigherEducationStatisticsAgencyfigures. planning-policy/core-strategy-examination Decision ref: WHC-13/37.COM/8E sessions/33COM Decision ref: 33Com/7B.13.http://whc.unesco.org/en/ sessions/33COM Reference: WHC-09/33.Com/7B.http://whc.unesco.org/en/ Decision ref: 32Com/7B.116 planning consentfrom B&NESCouncil. This educationalestablishmentwasneverconstructeddespitegaining http://www.bathworldheritage.org.uk/ On behalfoftheDepartmentEnvironment (1986).See 1988. anyconditions:RefSC-97/CONF.005/9Without Paris,20January

Images from theannual World HeritageDaycelebrations

29 Management Plan 2016-2022 5 30 Management Plan 2016-2022 addressed Issues tobe No. 1Royal Crescent of Consultationdocumentaccompanyingthisplan. Full detailsofconsultationare giveninthe Statement consultation. importance, issueshaveemergedthrough fullpublic suggested issues.Finally, butofnolesser representatives andresulted inawiderangeof April 2015)hadaninvitedaudienceof154 Thirdly, amajorstakeholderconsultationevent(21 consideration whenthe2010planwascompiled). example ‘fracking’whichwasnotunder assessment duringthelifeofprevious plan(for Secondly, issueshavearisenthrough risk unmet ambitions(relocation ofBathRecord Office). development oftheBathrugbyground) orasyet Group), longtermprojects (forexamplethere– -present (forexamplerunninganefficientSteering plan. Issuesmayremain relevant asbeingever Firstly, there are itemsrolled forward from the2010 The issueswere gathered from anumberofsources. 5.2 not harmedbythischange. to ensure thattheOUVandauthenticityofsiteare economically productive. Theaimsofthisplanseek remains fitfortheneedsofitscitizensand Managed changeishealthyinensuringthecity uncontrolled, thiscanbeathreat totheOUV. growth. cityandif Changeisinevitableinamodern Many issuesidentified result from changeand identified toaddress them. of BathWHS,andtheobjectivesactions issues, challengesandopportunitiesfacingtheCity arising from WHSstatus.Thischaptersetsoutthe vulnerabilities andthreats, andtheopportunities have athorough understandingoftheSite,its To achieveeffective management,itisessentialto 5.1 Introduction How theissueswere gathered address them. issues andtheobjectivesactionsdesignedto The followingsectionsconcentrateonexplaining the • • • • • • Other issueheadingscovered are: • • • • • shown below: are deemedtobeofequalimportanceandare identified 5prioritysubjectareas forthisplan.These Of theissuesraised,SteeringGroup have 5.4 Priorities this plan. another strategyandthere isnoneedforanactionin may bethattheobjectiveisbeingdelivered by This objectiveisthenpickedupunderanaction,orit Valid issuesare subsequentlylinkedtoobjectives. addressed byotherstrategies. indirectly related totheOUVofsiteandbest there willinevitablybeissuesraisedwhichare that thisisnotagenericcitymanagementplan,and subsequently checkedforvalidity. Chapter3explains The issueswere gathered, tabulatedand 5.3 Administrative Management Management Visitor Accessibility andInclusivity Research Funding Conservation Environmental Resilience Interpretation andEducation Public Realm Transport Managing Development How theissuesare used Policy Frameworkencouragesthisapproach developers tousethisprocess. TheNationalPlanning lead thewayonthisandencourageprivatesector design review process. TheCouncilisexpectedto for Architecture andtheBuiltEnvironment (CABE) plan. Thecurrent proposal istousetheCommission the re-establishment ofadesignadvisorypanelinthis initiative haslapsed.There isanactionconcerning development atBathWestern Riverside,butthis experts wasconvenedtoadviseonprevious An ‘UrbanRegenerationPanel’ofeminentdesign sets outhowthisdevelopmentwillbedelivered. site in early 2016. A Masterplan Vision Report(2014 site inearly2016.AMasterplanVision and newimproved cycleroutes. Work startedon new publicopenspace,abridgeacross theriver creation of9,000newjobs,3,400homeswith redevelopment opportunitypotentiallyoffers the edgeoftheWHS.Thismajor the western river toLocksbrook andBrassmillTrading Estateat Cattlemarket sitesinWalcot Street rightalongthe development area extendsfrom and theCornmarket alongside theRiverAvon intheheartofSite.This redevelopment ofa98hastretch oflandrunning Bath CityRiversideisthegenericnamefor which are already underway. Strategy andsomemajorindividualprojects, manyof housing uses,sitesguidedbytheCore the BathCityRiversidearea foremploymentand notable elementsofthisincludere-development of another significantphaseofdevelopment.Most During theforthcomingplanperiodBathwillwitness 5.5 but aninvitationtoexcel’. Thisplanrelies uponthe Heritage, statingthat‘The WHSisnotaconstraint, design values.Indoingso itreferences World emerging PlacemakingPlan which deviatedfrom thismaterial orstyle.The architecture aboutnewbuildings causedconcern of localstoneandpredominance ofneo-classical visual uniformityofthesiteduetowidespread use identified asanissueinprevious plans.The strong Building designandcontemporaryarchitecture was major developmentapplications. Action 1: developments donotharmtheOUVofSite. Objective 1: Managing Development Re-establish a design advisory panel for panelfor Re-establish adesignadvisory Ensure that new buildings and other Ensure thatnewbuildingsandother 3 for the first time sets out forthefirsttimesetsout 2 . 1 ) which havethepotential todirectly impactuponthe There are likelytobeanumber ofmajorproposals is importantandshould not beunderestimated. the OUV, although incremental impactupontheOUV WHS eachyear. Mostwillnot have amajorimpacton and listedbuildingsapplicationsoriginatingfrom the Section 4.13outlinesthehighnumberofplanning safeguarded. that thesignificanceofWHS’s OUV is major plans&strategiesaffectingthesitetoensure Action 3: propose actionswhichwouldharmtheOUV. documents takefullaccountoftheWHSanddonot Objective 2: and strategiesaffecting thesite. relevant emergingpolicywork,plusothermajorplans therefore includedtopromote engagementwithall policy accord withtheaimsofthisplan.Anactionis full accountoftheWHSinorder thattheprovisions of for theCore Strategyandotherdocumentstotake decision making.Theissuehere isthatitessential 2014 andassuchgivesanuptodatebasisforkey was formallyadoptedbytheCouncilon10thJuly planning applications.TheCore StrategyforB&NES Strategy, whichwillbeusedinthedeterminationofall Chief amongstlocalplanningdocumentsistheCore shows theextentandrangeofthesedocuments. evidence. TheselectedbibliographyinAppendix7 wide rangeofplanningpolicy, strategiesand New developmentwithintheWHSisguidedbya Heights StrategyasaSPD. Placemaking Plan&bytheadoptionofaBuilding effectively managedthroughtheapplicationof Action 2: properly addressed inallrelevant cases. action isincludedtoensure thatbuildingheightis informing theLocalDevelopmentFramework.An the Councilandformspartofevidencebase Strategy (September2010) the OUV. Inresponse tothis,BathBuildingHeight WHS isanacknowledgedissueandpotentialriskto impact uponviewsandthegeneralcharacterof The heightofnewbuildingsandtheconsequent considered necessary. design andaspecificactioninthisplanisnot Placemaking Plantoguideissuesofnewbuilding Engage withallemergingplanningpolicy, Ensure thattheissueofbuildingheightis Ensure that all relevant new policy Ensure thatallrelevantnewpolicy 4 was commissioned by wascommissionedby 500,000 peopleayear. Voids beneaththeAbbey project. Thegrade1listedAbbeywelcomes nearly which isbothaconservationandenhancement amongst others. The Victorian heating system will be heating systemwillbe amongst others.TheVictorian to beusedbylocalprimary andsecondaryschools proposed, alongwith anewsongschoolinthevaults contemporary Abbeyinterpretation centre is building. 200sq.mofnew spacetoprovide a facilities toservethe1,000peoplewhocanfill congregational venue,andhasforexample notoilet of thefacilitiesnecessarytosustainitasamodern the historicstonefloor. Thebuildingalsolacksmany the structuralstabilityofbuildingandespecially many asaresult ofburials,are apotentialthreat to The BathAbbeyFootprintProject warranting thesupportofthisplan. attribute oftheOUV. Itisconsequentlyidentifiedas the complexisofhighheritagesignificanceandan funding. Asagradell*listedbuildingwithintheWHS, Trust andhasreceived (stage1)HeritageLottery project isbeingmanagedbytheClevelandPools were re-directed tothenewSportsCentre. The and survivedinuseuntil1984whenpublicfunds in 1815)were builtwithprivatemoneyforpublicuse, and re-open itforcommunityuse.Thepools(opened UK’s onlysurvivingGeorgianopenairswimmingpool The ClevelandPoolsproject seekstorestore the submission andthe2014updatereport toUNESCO. Mission Report,the2013UNESCOPeriodicReport development wasflaggedupinthe2009UNESCO potential tonegativelyimpactuponkeyviews.This economic gainandcivicpride,butthere isalsothe both opportunityandrisk,asRugbybrings many years.Thisproposed developmentrepresents over thelandanddiscussionhasbeenon-goingfor have beendelayedbyCharityCommissionrulings rise from 12,000toaround 16,500spectators.Plans Proposals are likelytoseethecapacityofground and developthisgroundstandards. tomodern played here in1894andwishtoremain inthecity close proximity toPulteneyBridge.Theclubfirst Rec’) whichissituatedalongsidetheRiverAvon in Bath RugbyplayattheRecreation Ground (‘The monitored. specifically namedinaction4tobecarefully Riverside development,fivedevelopmentsare proposed through thecore strategyandtheBathCity UNESCO. Inadditiontothehousingdevelopment OUV andwhichmaypotentiallytriggerreferrals to 5 is another scheme isanotherscheme 6 , e. d. c. b a. Site, includingthefollowing: development whichmayimpactupontheOUVof the Action 4: included inthe2014UNESCO be anissueforthisplan.Areport ontheproject was these worksare carriedoutistherefore considered to other structures intheSiteitself.Themannerwhich including worksto21bridges,BathSpaStationand impact andrequire considerablemodification, overhead wiring.Thiswillhavesignificantvisual power electricratherthandieseltrains,using Gardens. Therailwayiscurrently beingconvertedto connected withattributesofOUVsuchasSydney cultural landscapeandpassesthoughareas directly However, therailwayiscloselyintegratedwith therefore beviewedasbeingtangentialtotheOUV. insertioncould 1838-1841 andasanearlyVictorian The railwaythrough Bathopenedinstagesfrom enhancement. sensitivity ofthelocationandopportunityfor scheme isincludedasanissueduetothehigh development oftheadjoiningBathRugbyClub.The proposals, andanyschemeislikelytotie-inwith There isnotimescaleforremoval orfirmdesign flooding, butupon review itisnolonger required. was toautomaticallycontrol waterflowtoprevent downstream ofPulteneyBridge.Itsoriginalpurpose river adjacenttoPulteneyWeir andimmediately the BathFloodDefencescheme,islocatedon Pulteney RadialGate,constructedin1972aspartof presents. archaeology andtheopportunitiesthatscheme scale oftheworks,sensitivitybuildingand value is£19.3manditincludedinaction4dueto be usedtosupplementheating.Thetotalscheme thermal waterfrom theRomanBathsGreat Draincan replaced, withinvestigationsunderwaytoseeif The railelectrificationproject Replacement oftheradial gateatPulteneyWeir the BathAbbeyFootprint Project Conservation &enhancementworksaspartof & anattributeconveyingOUV Cleveland Poolsproject asalistedbuildingatrisk stadium attheRecreation Ground The developmentofasporting,cultural&leisure Engage with proposals for major Engage withproposalsformajor 7 updatereport.

31 Management Plan 2016-2022 32 Management Plan 2016-2022 is animportantWHconsideration. the needforthisengagement andclarifiesthatit South Gloucestershire Council.Anactionrecognises the motorwaynetworktonorthwhichwillinvolve ThereWiltshire. are accessto alsoissuesconcerning neighbouring localauthorityareas, especially will involvediscussionsabouttheroad networkin ports onthesouthcoast)andre-routing thistraffic (typicallyfrom may bemakinglongjourneys ferry - seeAction26).Heavygoodsvehiclesinparticular through thesite(andimpactthishas on airquality the detrimentalimpactofthrough traffic passing The GettingAround Bathstrategyalsorecognises impact totheOUVofWHS&itssetting. that theydelivermaximumbenefit&nounacceptable Transport Strategy(2014)objectives&seektoensure Action 5: in thecitycentre. and encouragepromotelesscaruse,especially Objective 3: WHS. proposals takefullaccountoftheimpacton east ofthecity. Anactionisincludedtoensure that exploration oftheneedforapotentialnewsiteto expansion ofexistingparkandridefacilities Council andcontainsarangeofmeasures including was adoptedon13thNovember2014byB&NES (17a). The‘GettingAround Bath’transportstrategy Comprehensive Traffic ManagementPlanfortheSite’ priority andcontainedanactionto‘bringforward a previous managementplanlistedtransportasa pressures, bothwithinthesiteandinitssetting.The recognises thatBathremains vulnerabletotransport The ‘Integrity’sectionofthestatementOUV parking ofprivatevehiclesisproblematic. businesses. Carownershiplevelsare alsohighand and otherdetrimentalimpactonresidents and therefore becongested,withresulting airpollution road routes passthrough thecity. Roadscan North-south (A36/A46)andeast-west(A4)principal planning restrictions ruleoutaringroad orby-pass. protected landscapebeyond,bothtopographyand issue. Beingcontainedwithinahollowinthehillswith Transport andmovingaround theWHSisamajor 5.6 Transport Engage with and monitor the delivery of the ofthe Engage withandmonitorthedelivery Work tocontroltrafficgrowthandharm, Realm andMovementStrategy the lastplanperiod,with theproduction ofaPublic need ofrepair. Significantprogress wasmadeduring with thisanditisfareasiertofindpavingsurfaces in improvement ofstreet surfaceshas notkeptpace historic buildingintheSite.Oneissuehere isthatthe century, sothattodayitisrare tofindadilapidated steadily through thelastquarteroftwentieth The conservationofbuildingsinthecityprogressed fabric survives. use oftheGeorgiancityandsignificantauthentic pavements andpublicsquares were integraltothe attributes ofOUV, asplannedspacessuchbroad realm inthehistoriccityhasdirect connectiontothe and spacesbetweenbuildings.Muchofthepublic The publicrealm refers predominantly tothestreets 5.7 the OUV. they deliversustainabletraveloptionwhilstprotecting programme ofcyclingimprovements&ensurethat Action 7:Engagewith&supportthecurrent support thiswork. OUV, andactionisincludedtoengagewith investment willbenefitandimpactonattributesof improvements from 2015-2018.Giventhatthis City CycleAmbitionFunding,whichwillbeusedfor has recently madeasuccessfulbidfor£3.8millionof maintain thehistoricenvironment. B&NESCouncil canal, soinvestmentintheseroutes alsohelpsto of theformerSomersetandDorsetrailway cycle routes inthesitefollowhistorictransportroutes previous plan,andfurtherworksare planned.Main and thecyclehire schemewere achievedduringthe site. Significantimprovements tocycleinfrastructure sustainable meansoftransportinandaround the Despite thesteephillsides,cyclingprovides a the WHS. impact ofmajorroadtrafficroutespassingthrough toreducethe neighbouring authoritiesasnecessary Action 6: planning. bodies takefullaccountoftheWHSintheirstrategic Objective 4: quality andconsistent approach. Arelated issue for manual forpublicrealm worksandpromotes ahigh Book(to bepublished2016)whichformsa Pattern Public Realm Engage with central government & Engage withcentralgovernment& Ensure that other national and regional Ensure thatothernationalandregional 9 andfrom thisa may quicklybecomeout-dated. interpretation, butalsomeansthat existingmethods ‘smartphones’ bringsnew opportunitiesfor and increasing of theinternet ownershipof expectations around interpretation. use Widespread Another issueisthechangingmethodsand there remains more todoandthisisoneissue. undertaken oninterpretation sincesiteinscriptionbut interpretation. Asignificantamountofworkhasbeen resulting inmanypartnersbeingactivelyinvolved geographical area andare inmultipleownerships, attributes ofOUVare spread across awide barriers ofthesizeandcomplexitySite.The Interpreting theOUVofBathmustovercome the Bath. the meaningofsomething,inthiscaseOUV Interpretation withexplaining isprimarilyconcerned 5.8 Interpretation for doingso. within thesitetovehicleswherethereisavalidcase vehicular traffic&continuetheclosureofkeystreets Action 10: Close programmed forcompletionin2017. going work,withashared spaceschemeforSaw Borough Walls are thelatestschemesinthison- Dials, andtopartiallycloseStallStreet andLower supported bythisplan.Works in2014/5toSeven (predominantly citycentre) streets isimportantand pedestrians overvehiculartrafficinkey most walkablecity. Aspartofthis,theprioritisation 5.6) includesanambitiontomakeBaththeUK’s The ‘Gettingaround Bath’Transport Strategy(see works intheWHS. toguidestreet adhered to&updatedasnecessary Action 9: pavement surfaces. improvements, especiallywithregardtopoor Action 8: design standardsallowinggoodaccessibilitytoall. developments arecompletedtohighandconsistent Objective 5:Ensurethatnewstreetworksandother used tofulleffect. this planwillbetoensureBookis thatthePattern Ensure that the Bath Pattern Book is Ensure thattheBathPatternBookis Continue toimplementpublicrealm Continue to reduce the impact of Continue toreducetheimpactof been establishedfor80years corp of85expertvolunteerlocalguideswhichhas proud Bathtraditionoffree walkingtoursledbya the MayorofBath’s CorpofHonoraryGuides,a Continued supportisalsosoughtforgroups suchas appropriate) formuseumsandotherattractions. in thisplantosupportfurtherfundingbids(where and newinitiativesasappropriate. There isanaction WHS SteeringGroup willcontinuetosupportexisting therefore anelementof‘businessasusual’andthe current offers isacontinualprocess. There is Provision ofinterpretation andtherefreshing of plan periodhavebeenset. them, prioritiesforinterpretation intheforthcoming other work),andthegapanalysiscontainedwithin September 2011).Asaresult ofthesestudies(and and asubsequentdiscussionpaper(Tony Crouch resulting inanInterpretation Study(Lynne May2011) an actionoftheprevious plan,predominantly Studies ofinterpretation methodswere carriedoutas cards nowincirculation. museums hasalsobeenpromising, with25,000 which allowfree accessforlocalpeopletosome new WHSwebsite.Thetakeupof‘DiscoveryCards’, UNESCO logoonway-findingstreeta furnitureand the production ofself-guidedtrailleaflets,usethe Museum, through tosmallscaleinitiativessuchas Royal Crescent, theRomanBathsandHolburne improvement ofmajormuseumsincludingNumber1 major interventions,suchasextensionand increased significantly. Thisimprovement rangesfrom interpretation overtheprevious planperiodhave methods isshowninAppendix6.Levelsof The current situationwithregard tointerpretation promote citizeninvolvement. encourage co-ordinationamongstprovidersand OUV, especiallyintangiblevaluesandcontinueto Objective 6: central ‘hub’ toshowtheoverallpicture andtodirect being explainedatdifferent places,butlackinga is currently dispersed,withdifferent attributesofOUV tell thewholestoryofBath asaWHS.Interpretation A primaryobjectiveforinterpretation istobeable currently (2016)listedasthetopattractioninBath. Excellence from TripAdvisor (2015)where theyare evidenced bytheawardof oftheirfifthCertificate Voluntary relevance Service.Theirmodern is the sameyearwere awarded theQueen’s Award for approximately 37,000peoplearound in2015,and Work toincreaseinterpretationofthe 10 . The guides led . Theguidesled the success of this. the successofthis. and participantfeedback demonstrateandmonitor to tieinwithanattribute of OUV. Attendancefigures Landscape Garden withadifferent themeeachyear at KingstonParade,SydneyGardens and PriorPark and aidinginterpretation. Theeventhasbeen staged which playasignificant role inincreasing awareness which havebeenstagedeveryAprilsince2009and There isaspecificactiontosupportWH Day events, Action 12: open andaccessibleaccountabletoall. Group meetings,helpingtomakemanagementmore now carriesitemssuchasminutesfrom Steering bathworldheritage.org.uk waslaunchedin2015and improvement oftheWHwebsite.Anewsite There isalsoanactiontosupportthecontinued of theArchwayproject. Action 11: centre atpremises inYork Street. Steering Group willseektorealise thedeliveryofthis centre. Duringthismanagementplanperiodthe consensus around theneedforaWHinterpretation There istherefore long-termandwidelyheld World muchneeded. Heritagepropertyisvery richandcomplex interpretation centreforthisvery Centre andICOMOSalsostronglyfeelthatan Baths, Circus,RoyalCrescent).TheWorld Heritage bearing theOutstandingUniversalValue (e.g.Roman homogenous interpretationforalltheattributes Party toembarkonareinforced,integratedand World HeritageCentreandICOMOSinvitetheState regardstointerpretationoftheproperty,With the stated: ICOMOS reactive monitoringmissiontoBath,which validated bythereport ofthe2008jointUNESCO/ ‘Archway’ project. Theneedforacentre wasalso Heritage LotteryFundundertheworkingtitleof and thisplanperiodsawamajorsubmissiontothe centre. The2010-2016plandevelopedthisambition, an actionrelating toinvestigatingtheneedfora The 2003-2009WHSManagementPlancontained held ambition. Interpretation Centre toachievethishasbeenalong people totheseprovisions. AWorld Heritage Maintain &improvetheWHSwebsite. Deliver aWHInterpretationCentreaspart ‘designated’ archivescollection. Centretohouse theCouncil’sone-stop-shop History Action 16: better facilities. support theon-goingambitiontofind(andfund) appropriate conditions.Anactionisincluded to required tokeepthisexpandingcollectionin issue here isthatthisbuildinglacksthefacilities housed inthebasementofGuildhalland of lostarchitectural features. TheRecord Officeis the site, by for example guiding accurate replacement an importantfactorinpreserving theauthenticityof take onthistask.Theexistenceoftheserecords is part timestaff. Inotherareas, aCountyCouncilmight Archives Record OfficewithafulltimeArchivist3 and The Cityhasawealthofhistoricrecords andrunsan brand fortheWHS. Action 15: investigate thisandanactionisincluded. WH Interpretation Centre provides anopportunityto shown thatthisispossible.Thedevelopmentofthe other WHSsuchasBlaenavon(SouthWales) have has notbeenadoptedbyotherpartners,whereas This styledoesnotlenditselftootherproducts and which wasdevelopedforprinteddocumentation. present, theWHSdocumentsuseadesignstyle can alsobeachievedthrough consistentbranding.At Co-ordination andincreased awareness levelsofWH in themanagementofWHS. Action 14: investigate this. but World Heritagedoesnot.Anactionisincludedto Baths) currently useFacebookandTwitter accounts, awareness. Individualattractions(suchastheRoman as apotentialmeansofachievingthisincreased the aimsofthisplan.Theusesocialmediaisseen helps toincrease interest andownershipindelivering A highlevelofawareness around WHmanagement Action 13: Continue to seek suitable premises for a Continue toseeksuitablepremisesfora Work towardtheproductionofanew Investigate agreaterroleforsocialmedia Continue tosupportWorld HeritageDay. be recognised ifinterpretation istobeeffective. These stories,traditions, beliefsandpeopleneedto place forlarge-scalesocialinteraction. international It hasplayedalong-term role as a nationaland politicians, aristocracy, artists, writers, andmusicians. particularly the18thand19thcenturies:royalty, associations withprominent peoplefrom allperiods, physical elementsoftheSite.Bathalsohasrich has inspired thedevelopmentofoutstanding thousand yearsoldandcontinuestoday. Thisculture healing associatedwiththehotspringsisseveral of thatwater. Theculture ofworship,bathingand itself whichisanattributeofOUVbutthecultural use provide agoodexampleofthis,asitisnot thewater interpret andrisksbeingoverlooked.TheHotSprings The intangibleheritageoftheWHScanbedifficultto working withlocalsocieties&interestgroups. (especially theyoung),engageinheritageissues, Action 18: Educational SupportGroup in2016. be followedbyworkwiththeBlackFamilies project ‘OurHeritage,Your Story’project in2015,to Bath Record OfficealsoundertookaHLFfunded and exhibitionsin2015aspartofroadshow events. Heritage LotteryFunding(HLF),delivered 15talks the Council’s HeritageServicesandbackedby For exampletheBeauStreet Hoard project runby proved apopularandeffective formofinterpretation. demonstrations, etc.outintothecommunity. Ithas them andofteninvolvesphysicallytakinglectures, populations whomightnototherwisehaveaccessto ‘Outreach’ workisproviding servicestoany way markingforheritagewalkingroutes. canal &walkingentrancepointsseektoimprove Action 17: other formsoftransport. look atthemainentrancepointsforthosetaking partially addressed andthere isanopportunityto entrance signage.Theroad entrancesare only opportunities todomore, especiallywithregard to maps andleaflets.There are howeverstill vehicle, atnewroad entrancesignsandonprinted maps atcarparks,onaCouncilHeritageServices entrance halloftheRomanBaths,street way-finding, been incorporatedinmanyplacesincludingthe the courseof2010planperiodemblemhas World Heritageemblemwasrarely promoted’. Over The UNESCOMissionreport (2009)notedthat‘the S Install welcomesignsonroad,rail,river, upport outreach work to help people upport outreachworktohelppeople brand guidelines. the UNESCOlogoinpromotion&civicsignagewithin Action 21: from theprevious twoplans. signage (withinbrandguidelines)isrolled forward greater useoftheUNESCOlogoinpromotion &civic more. Anactiontoreinforce thisawareness through WH status,and83%expressed adesire toknow Council survey high, butalsothatthere ismore todo.Ina2013 show thatawareness ofBath’s WHSstatusisnow desirable. Surveysovertheprevious planperiod greater useoftheUNESCOlogoisconsidered As describedaboveinrelation to‘welcomesigns’, facilitate this. Bath culturaloffer&theidentificationoffundingto Action 20: which alsosupportscontinuationoffunding. of collaborativeworkingisencouragedbyanaction interpretation, andcommunityengagement.Thissort develop acollaborativeapproach tomarketing, Audiences forBathMuseums’,whichaimedto England grantforaproject called‘Developing Tower, HerschelMuseum)received anArtsCouncil Crescent, theBuildingofBathCollection,Beckford’s Britain andBathPreservation Trust (No.1Royal AmericanMuseumin site. In2013,theHolburne, provision. There are 13mainmuseumsinornearthe is aneedforgreater co-ordination ofcurrent Given thedispersednature oftheinterpretation there the WHS understanding ofthespiritual&intangibleelements Action 19: ‘app’. Footprint Project andaspainterpretation smartphone World HeritageSiteInterpretation Centre, theAbbey include developmentofthe‘Great Spas’project, the Measures toaddress thiswithintheplanperiodwill Continue to explore opportunities to use Continue toexploreopportunitiesuse Support the on-going co-ordination of the Support theon-goingco-ordinationof Support measureswhichincreasethe 11 94%ofrespondents knewofBath’s

33 Management Plan 2016-2022 34 Management Plan 2016-2022 commitment enshrinedintheWHconvention Education, theprocessisa offacilitatinglearning, 5.9 Education school curriculum&inassociatedlocalprojects. &secondary WHS educationcontentinprimary Action 22: phases ofeducationandtraining effectively asaresourceforlearninginallsectorsand Objective 7: provision heritageeducation. also promises tobeasignificantadvancementinthe centreBaths learning (aspartoftheArchway Project) widen representation. Theproposed newRoman potentially establishinganeducationsub-group to school sector. Discussionsare plannedwithregard to the WHSSteeringGroup torepresent theprimary and ChairoftheBathPrimaryTeacher’s Group joined Head Teacher atWeston AllSaintsPrimarySchool years ofstudents.To address this,inMarch 2014the sustained programme neededtoreach successive curriculums andschoolstaffa itisdifficulttomaintain teachers. However, inthefaceofrapidlychanging as aresource forprimaryandsecondaryschool Council in2016.Thisisnowwidelyavailableonline produced byBathPreservation Trust andB&NES within theSitein2009andanewrevised packwas within thecurriculumwasprovided toallschools aim ofpromotingaboutWH andsupportinglearning could beimproved. AWHeducationpack,withthe Specific education regarding theWHinscription universities andtoprivateEnglishlanguageschools. and thecityattractsmanyforeign studentstoitstwo destinations outsideLondonforeducationalvisits, Roman Bathsprovide oneofthemostpopular educational initiativesandon-lineresources. The with theleadingmuseumsandNationalTrust offering nationally andinternationally. Muchisbeingdone, in allsectorsofeducationandtraining,locally, WHS hasenormouspotentialasresource forlearning Work towardincreasingthecurrentBath Ensure that the Site is used widely and Ensure thattheSiteisusedwidelyand 12 . Bath . Bath concerned about the issuing of exploration licenses abouttheissuing ofexplorationlicenses concerned threat totheHotSprings. To thisendtheCouncil, The risk(andissue)isthat frackingcouldposea a similarprocess. the mainsgassupply. Coalbed methaneextractionis then collectedatthesurfaceandeventuallyfedinto allowing trappedmethanegastoescape.This is injected athighpressure toinducerock fractures a shalerock bedandwater, sandandchemicalsare is aprocess whereby deepboreholes are drilledinto arisen overthelifetimeofprevious plan.Fracking Hydraulic fracturingorfrackingisanissuewhich has Strategy &otherrelevantdocuments. with theemergingLocalFloodRiskManagement groundwater anddrainageposeafloodriskengage archeology, andforpartsofthesitewhere impact uponpeople,historicbuildingsand mitigate floodriskfromtheRiver Avon withregardto Action 23: flood prevention plans. considered necessarytoaddress engagementwith strategies affecting thesite,aseparateactionis there isalready anactiontoengagewithplansand responsibility oftheEnvironment Agency. Although Flood riskthrough Bathfrom theRiverAvon isthe threaten furtherhistoricbuildingsandarchaeology. are likelytointensifywithclimatechange,may adjacent totheriver. Extreme weatherevents,which flood plain,butthere are stillmanyhistoricbuildings of theGeorgiancitywasbuiltaboveRiverAvon surface waterrun-off mustalsobemanaged.Much buildings inthehistoriccentre atrisk.Streams and River Avon withmanygradeIandIIlisted Flooding isarisktotheSite,predominantly from the far asthisispossible. the OUVareidentified,managedandmitigated,as Objective 8: more drasticmeasures. beyond thehorizonofthissixyearplan)possibly measures toprevent floodingandfurtherafield(and may includeadaptationofbuildings,increased plan, potentiallyrequiring actionswhichforexample an issuewhichwillcutacross manyareas ofthis the Site,oftenasriskstoOUV. Climatechangeis natural orman-madeenvironmental factorsaffecting Environmental resilience refers toissuesrelating to 5.10 Environmental Resilience Engage with all relevant authorities to Engage withallrelevantauthoritiesto Ensure that all environmental risks to Ensure thatallenvironmentalrisksto waterways themselves. waterways themselves. delivered byaseparatestrategy covering the the canal,whereas thiswouldbe farmore effectively looking tothisplandeliver managementactionson for thiswasdemonstratedbyconsultationresponses and issupportedbyanactioninthisplan.Theneed management partnershipiscurrently beingplanned Strategy’ bringingthesebodiestogetherina and Avon CanalTrust andriparianowners.A‘Water B&NES Councilplusinvolvementfrom theKennet Canal andRiversTrust, theEnvironment Agency, the responsibility ofmultiplebodiesincluding the architecture. Managementoftheriver andcanalis aqueducts, are exceptionallyfineexamplesofcanal structures, includingbridgesandneo-classical through route from LondontoBristol.Itselegant together withthenavigableRiverAvon formeda The KennetandAvon Canalopenedin1810and appropriate policyorbyothermeans. mineral extractionoperation)throughinclusionin extraction, geothermalexploitation,oranyother seek toprotectthem(especiallyfromhydrocarbon Action 24: and thewaterflowsmonitored. development proposals atthequarriesscrutinised (see Chapter4.16)willcontinuetobeenforced, to theSiteitself.To thisendtheCountyofAvon Act the MendipHillsandfrom anyexcavationinornear also beatriskfrom deepquarrying(ofroad stone)in As wellastheriskfrom fracking,thehotspringsmay for issuinglicences. of EnergyandClimateChange)whoare responsible (Department Plan) andlobbyingcentralgovernment policy restrictions (through theemergingPlacemaking guard againstharmfulactionsmayincludeplanning occurred andislikelytobeirreversible. Measures to apparent untilsometimeafteranydiversionhad disruption tothewaterflowmaynotbecome influence ofthespringsmaycauseharm.Any confirms thatfullblownfrackinginthezoneof water flowisnotfullyunderstoodandtheBGS report production’ to hydrocarbon andotherexploration Somerset Councilandsurrounding area withrespect ‘Potential problems intheBathandNorthEast Survey (BGS)whoproduced areport (2012)entitled independent expertadvicefrom theBritishGeological within thecatchmentarea, commissioned 13 Continue to monitor the hot springs & Continue tomonitorthehotsprings& . Theexactcourseoftheunderground asset typeswithintheWHS means tomonitorthecondition ofmostheritage maintained andregularly updated itprovides auseful Buildings (gradeI&II*).As thisnationalregister is Battlefields, ScheduledMonumentsandListed Conservation Areas, Registered ParksandGardens, At RiskRegisterincludestheconditionof are recorded asbeingatrisk.ThenationalHeritage conservation isthenumberofhistoricassetswhich One ofthekeymonitoringindicatorsstate of ensure theOUVisconserved. currently goodandmechanismsare inplaceto as apriorityissuethestateofconservationis conservation. Itisnotdeemednecessarytoidentifyit much ofthefocusthisplananditsactionsison Conservation isanon-goingissueandaccordingly 5.11 Conservation the WHS. which isadirectrisktopeople&historicfabricwithin primarily causedbypetrol/dieselpoweredvehicles, Action 26: funding. Anactionisincludedtosupportthesesteps. appropriate powersandtosecure thenecessary require tosecure workingwithGovernment Achieving theambitionsoftransportstrategywill centre. removal ofvehiculartrafficfrom more partsofthecity tocaruseand Zone, encouragementofalternatives address thisissue,includingapotentialLowEmission transport strategyproposes arangeofoptionsto declared forthecitycentre anditsapproaches. The the site.AnAirQualityManagementArea hasbeen stone usedtoconstructalmostallhistoricbuildingsin Particulates andotherpollutantsalsoaffect theBath currently exceedlegalnitrogen dioxidelevels. strategy identifiesanumberofcitylocationswhich sources. The‘GettingAround Bath’transport but alsoemissionsfrom railwayenginesandother Much ofthiscanbeattributedtovehicleemissions particular impactsonrespiration-related illnesses. Air qualityisimportantforhumanhealthwith Kennet &Avon Canal. holistic managementstructurefortheRiverAvon & Action 25: Council. Given that the site contains over 5,000 listed Council. Given thatthesitecontains over 5,000listed grades oflistedstructures atrisk isheldbythe Support actions to reduce air pollution, Support actionstoreduceairpollution, Support theestablishmentofaneffective 14 . Alocalregister ofall designated asaConservationArea. Legislation As notedinchapter4,twothirds oftheWHS is across theWHS,includingissueoflightpollution. clear &consistentguidanceforstreetotherlighting Action 28: included intheaction. endangered speciesinthesite.Forthisreason itis character oftheSiteanduponbats,onekey conservation.’ Lightpollutionimpactsuponthe amenity, intrinsicallydarklandscapesandnature the impactoflightpollutionfrom artificiallightonlocal design, planningpoliciesanddecisionsshouldlimit skies’. TheNPPFstatesthat‘Byencouraginggood There isalsoanissuearound lightpollutionand‘dark deemed necessary. affect howthecityispresented andnewguidanceis issue istangentialtoconservationoftheOUVitdoes old lampcolumnsandthestyleofnew. Althoughthis lighting hasprovoked debateaboutconservationof the previous planperiod.Theintroduction ofLED Street lightinghasbeenacontentiousissueduring Heritage atRiskregisters. OUV)fromtheNationalandLocal attributes carrying Action 27: repaired, maintainedandwhereappropriatere-used. historic structureswithintheSitearemonitored, Objective 9: in goodrepair continues. that thepracticeofkeepinghistoricbuildingstock historic buildings.Theactionbelowaimstoensure erode theauthenticity, characterandappearanceof such ascementpointingorplasticwindows,can informed repair, ortheuseofinappropriate materials, Incremental changesfrom poorlyexecutedor cumulative harmmustnotbeoverlooked. overall conditionofthebuildingstock,issue categories) are alsoverylow. Despitethegood numbers onthelocallist(whichincludesalllisting national ‘buildingsatrisk’register (2015)and buildings, onlythree buildingsare includedonthe set out.Thisistherole ofconservationarea therefore that thischaractershouldbeidentifiedand or appearanceofaconservation area. Itfollows desirability ofpreserving orenhancing thecharacter attention intheexercise ofplanningfunctionstothe requires thatlocalplanningauthoritiespayspecial Work towardaframeworkwhichprovides Act toremoveproperties(&other Ensure that damaged and disused Ensure thatdamagedanddisused 15

However thegreen landscapesettingisvulnerable. fabric ofthecityison wholeingoodcondition. on thebuiltenvironment, withthe result thatthe Much oftheconservation focusinthecityhasbeen tomaintainthefabricof WHS. are necessary retention ofcraftskillsandbuildingmaterialswhich Action 30: of sufficientquality theattributesofOUVareinplaceand conserve to Objective 10:Ensurethatcraftskillsnecessary George Street railingsbylocalmetalworkers. College masonrystudents,andtherestoration of 2014) andRebeccaFountain(2013)byCityofBath such astherestoration oftheCorridorstatues(May commissioned inproject works,notablyinprojects stonemasonry andironwork craftsmenhavebeen Enhancement Fund(see5.12)hashelped,as Group toinfluencethis.Theestablishmentofthe but inpracticeithasbeendifficultfortheSteering such skillshasbeenincludedinbothprevious plans of companies.Anactionencouragingandsupporting but thisisspecialistworkoffered byasmallnumber plastering, stonemasonry, metalworkingandjoinery, legitimate issueforthisplan.Skillsincludeornamental maintain theSiteare essentialandthisistherefore a The availabilityofcraftskillsandbuildingmaterialsto buildings. Action 29addssupporttoidentifyandprotect these of latereras)whichare alsoworthyofprotection. listed buildingscanovershadow(generally of locallyimportantbuildings.Thelargenumber A project isalsounderconsiderationtocompilealist Area. appraisals forareaswithinBathConservation Action 29: 2016. A programme toaddress keyareas isunderwayasof Management Plan and by external commentators Management Planandbyexternal policy protection acknowledgedinthe2010WHS absence ofdetailedappraisalsisaweaknessin has proved abarriertobringtheseforward, andthe City) andsubsequentsizeofthetasktoappraiseit of theconservationarea (1,486haortwothirds ofthe character appraisal(August2005) Bath conservationarea whichrelies uponacitywide such appraisalsinplacetheyare currently lackingin appraisals andalthoughitisbestpracticetohave Support initiatives which deliver the Support initiativeswhichdeliverthe Area Bring forwardConservation 16 . The physical size . Thephysicalsize 17 . government to ensure that sub-regional growth & government toensurethat sub-regionalgrowth& Action 32: allocation decisionsbeing made. housing needstobefully recognised inadvanceof The limitedcapacityofBathtoaccommodatenew cannot beaccommodatedwithoutharmtotheOUV. faced withanexpectationtodeliverhousingwhich required numbers,thenareas suchasBathcanbe the abilityofeachparticularlocationtoabsorb authority areas. Iftheseallocationsare notmadeon through regional assembliestoindividual local level andcascadeddown at centralgovernment allocation ofnewhousingnumbers,withtargets set An issuewhichhascausedpastdifficultiesisthe vistas. up andmaintaininghistoricallyimportantviews thelandscapeofWHSandopening conserving mechanism fordeliveringprojectsaimedat Action 31: £4.1m project to theHeritagelotteryFundaspartofanoverall proposes tolaunchabidforapproximately £2.85m has formedthe‘Bathscape’partnershipand A partnershipofover20supportingorganisations Bath withtheirlandscape. in landscapequalityandreconnect thepeopleof vistas. Theopportunityandaimistohaltthedecline linear defenceearthwork)andovergrown viewsand features (suchasthe‘Wansdyke’ -anearlymedieval decline inrecognition andcare forsomeheritage wildlife habitats,poorstewardship offarmedland, of woodlandsandgrasslandsleadingtoloss including developmentpressure, lackofmanagement Risk tothesettingcomesfrom manysources andinterpreted. conserved importance tothebuiltelementandisprotected, as akeyattributeofOUV, isaffordedequal Objective 11: grazing land. historic housingwhichbackdirectly ontoopen environment asBath,andsuburbsofhighquality unique combinationoflandscapeandbuilt an attributeofOUV. NootherEnglishcityhassucha meadow andpasture landclosetothecitywhichare by theNationalTrust, hasconservedkeyareas of Chapter 4describeshowlandownership,principally Engage with regional/national/local Engage withregional/national/local Support the‘Bathscape’partnershipasa 18 Ensure that the natural setting of Bath, Ensure thatthenaturalsettingofBath, . conference wasstagedinBaden(Germany) global thematicstudyofthermalism.’Followingthis, a nominated property, particularly in theframeworkofa State Party‘toconductamore thorough studyofthe Committee Luhacovice ontheWHlist.In2008, proposition toUNESCOinscribethehistoricspaof project startedwiththeCzechRepublicpresenting a nomination relating toEuropean spaculture. This Bath isengagedinatrans-nationalserialWH work attheEastBaths. Action 34: attributes ofOUV. ofthe place toprovideon-goingconservation Objective 12: is includedtosupportthis. Roman attributesofthesite’s OUV, aseparateaction museum astheprincipalpointofinterpretation forthe visitor experience.Giventheimportanceof monument, upgradeinterpretation andimprove the across theyearsof2016/17toconserve place intheEastBaths,witha£750kproject planned access. Thenextphaseofdevelopmentwilltake conservation worksandimproving interpretation and and archaeological site,isconstantlyundertaking The RomanBaths,asanationallyimportantmuseum hot springs. Action 33: useful. whether suchrecognition wouldbewarrantedand included toinvestigatethismatterandascertain Site ofSpecialScientificInterest. Anactionis recognised through adesignationsuchasbeing UK, theirnaturaland/orgeologicalsignificanceisnot only oftheirkindtobeclassifiedas‘hot’withinthe Despite thefactthathotspringsofBathare the the specialcharacteristicsofWHS. new housingnumbersallocatedtothecityrespects currently programmed for2018. analysis tostrengthen thenomination, whichis number to11in2016on thebasisofacomparative relevant state.Theworkinggroup wasreduced in subsequently placedon the tentativelistof working group of16spasformedandeachwas Europe includingBath.From thisconference a in 2010bringingtogethertheleadinghistoricspas of 19 Progress a further phase of conservation Progress afurtherphaseofconservation Investigate SSSI(orsimilar)statusforthe deferred theapplicationtoallow Ensure that there are measures in Ensure thattherearemeasuresin 20

35 Management Plan 2016-2022 36 Management Plan 2016-2022 provided byplanningapplication fees.Before 1981 mechanisms. Anexampleofnewmechanisms is maximise efficiencyand explore newfunding increased expectation forallCouncilserviceareas to requiring more care. Asaconsequence there isan insurance increases andanageing population existing contracts,pay, pension andnational grantreduction, central government inflationon currently managinga£38mfundingshortfalldueto pressure duringthisplanperiod.B&NES Councilis Public sectorfinancewillcontinuetobeunder financial resources availabletoallstakeholders. Protection oftheOUVisheavilydependent upon local economy. Baths alonelevers£107millionperannumintothe University ofBathin2012indicatedthattheRoman The economicimpactsurveyundertakenbythe impact onrental valuesofCommercial Estateshops. also indirect contributionsviaparkingfeesandthe finances from thelocaltourismeconomy. There are Authority, andrepresents adirect contributiontoits 2020. Thisincomeisastrategicresource forthe p.a. Thisisplannedtoincrease to£19millionp.a.by incomefortheAuthorityofover£15million external business unitwithintheCouncilandgenerates Council’s HeritageServicesisrunasanindependent warrants mentioninthis plan. Asanexample, B&NES for funding,theincomederivedfrom heritage in managementtermsthefocusisoftenonneed Heritage bothgeneratesandrequires funding.Whilst 5.12 Funding Spas ofEuropetrans-nationalWorld Heritagebid. Action 35: tourism forthecity. against fracking(see5.10))andpromote ‘well-being’ conservation (forexampleasafurtherargument second over-laying nominationwouldaid beyond. Recognitionoftheseaspectsthrough a horse racecourse,andrideswalksintothehills beyond thecitycentre toincludeparks,gardens, a ‘amusements’ availabletothespacuristsextend as anearlycentre ofdiagnosticmedicine.The centre ofrecreation toanascenttouristindustryand shaped bythefunctionofcityasaspaand most famousEuropean Spas,withanurbancentre with recognition ofBathasonetheearliestand The OUVoftheGreat Spasnominationaddstothis recognises architecture, archaeology andlandscape. The current WHinscriptionforBathpredominantly Continue to progress & support the Great Continue toprogress&supporttheGreat plus theFund’s volunteershavecleaned andrepaired Since 2009 the Fundhassupported over40projects, gives anannualbudgetof approximately £35,000. annual stipendattached totheirrole totheFund.This both ofwhomhavechosen todonatethe(£5,000) from successiveWHS SteeringGroup Chairmen, Trust allocationof£5,000plusannualcontributions from B&NESCouncilof£25,000,aBath Preservation purpose. Fundingcomesfrom anannualallocation work andtoorganisevolunteersforthesame to assistandencourageothersundertakesuch and organiseminorenhancementstoBath’s heritage, Preservation Trust. Ithas3aims,whichare toinitiate Steering Group, B&NESCouncilandBath partnership comprisingoftheWorld HeritageSite established in2009.Thisgrantfundisoperatedbya The World HeritageEnhancementFund manner. ensure thatthesearemadeinaco-ordinated bids relatingtotheOUVofsiteandseek Action 36: partnership workingandsecuretherequiredfunding. Plan, encouragecommunityinvolvement,enable appropriate fortheeffectiveimplementationof Objective 13: where possible. co-ordinate fundingbidsoriginatingwithintheWHS maintain andincrease levelsoffunding,andto Actions duringthecurrent planperiodwillaimto project. World HeritageCentre andtheClevelandPools project, theRomanBaths‘Archway’ and learning projects underwayincludeBathAbbey‘Footprint’ Beau Street Hoard (ofRomancoins).SignificantHLF Kennet andAvon Canal,Beckford’s Tower andthe Museum,1aRoyalCrescent, include theHolburne aided inBathandenvirons from 2009-2014.These website come from theHeritageLotteryFund(HLF).TheHLF Significant fundingintheprevious planperiodhas standard. sustaining theOUVtobeprovided toahigh enabling akeymanagementmechanismof 2013/14 theplanningincomewas£1,200,000, period ofsuccessiveWHSmanagementplans.In applicant andfeeshavesteadilyrisenacross the The introduction offeestransferred costtothe there were nofeesandtheCouncilcovered thecost. 21 listsatotalof161heritageprojects grant Support appropriate conservation funding funding Support appropriateconservation Ensure that management systems are Ensure thatmanagementsystemsare 22 was was protected historicbuildingsand unevenstreet environment. However, despitethe abundanceof mobility, isanon-goingchallenge inthehistoric Providing access to all,especiallythosewithimpaired 5.14 group &anindexofcurrentresearch. Action 38: assist implementationofthePlan. analysed, andmade available to partners in waysthat about theSiteisproduced,collected,archivedand Objective 14: encouraging andtargetingfurtherresearch. producing anon-lineindexasafirststeptoward project isunderwaytolookatthepossibilityof produce aresearch agenda,problematic. Acurrent and usingresearch, andundertakinggapanalysisto Scientific Institution.Nooverallindexmakesfinding Environment Record andtheBathRoyalLiterary Collection, thetwouniversities,onlineHistoric Record Office,BathCentralLibraryLocalStudies range ofdifferent places.TheseplacesincludeBath hampered bythefactthattheserecords are heldina has awealthofhistoricinformationavailablebutis underpin goodsitemanagement.TheCityofBath Research isneededtoprovide informationto 5.13 Research funding &produceanannualnewsletter. Enhancement Fund,seektomaintain&increase enhancement &interpretationworksthroughtheWH Action 37: incentive. Enhancement Fundisoneofthefewmechanisms the sitelargelyoperatesthrough control, andthe successful. Asnotedinchapter4,managementof this partnershipapproach hasproved very organisations fordiscretionary worksare reducing, and intimeswhere budgetswithinindividual multiplier effect ofthefundingistherefore significant costs, andwilllooktodrawinmatchfunding.The the Fundprovides acontributiontoward totalproject walking trailsandasmartphone‘app’.Inmostcases features andinterpretation initiativesincludingmaps, historic ‘buildingsatrisk’,restoring historiccanal include supportingcommunityinitiatives,addressing over 50itemsofhistoricstreet furniture.Projects Accessibility andInclusivity Pursue the establishment of a research Pursue theestablishmentofaresearch Continue toprogressconservation, Ensure that research and information Ensure thatresearchandinformation principal attractor Somerset district,withtheCityofBathbeing show 5.8mvisitorstotheBathandNorthEast Tourism isaleadingindustryforBath.2013statistics 5.15 disabilities. accessible forthosewithlimitedmobilityand opportunities tomakethehistoricenvironmentmore Action 39: phase. canes andaccessgroups are consultedinthedesign ‘tapping strips’forvisuallyimpaired peopleusing Book) includebestpracticesuchascontinuous (5.7). Newstreet surfaces(asguidedbythePattern and alsoimpactsonissuessuchasthepublicrealm Accessibility andinclusivityisacross-cutting theme years insuccession(2014/15). Access andInclusivityExcellenceAwards fortwo Roman BathsbeingwinnersoftheVisitEngland increase inclusivityofinterpretation haveledtothe plus asignlanguageguide.Thesemeasures to guides in23more), andbespokeguidesforchildren baths are availablein12languages(withprinted accessible towheelchairusers.Audioguidesatthe monument, 90%ofthesitehasbeenmade despite thisbeingabelowground ancient approach canbefoundattheRomanBaths,where website enablingpeopletoplantheirvisit.Asimilar accessibility, includingfloorplans,isgivenonthe changing facilitiesandseating.Fullinformationabout induction hearingloops,wheelchairloan,baby largely stepfree floors,accessibletoiletsandlift, with adjoiningbuilding1Ahasbeenundertaken For example,atNo.1RoyalCrescent theintegration refurbishment opportunitiestoincrease accessibility. Leading museumsinthecityhaveused in relation tothis. surfaces, significantimprovements havebeenmade income andfinanceavailable toconservethesite. in 2016/17.There isadirect linkbetweentourism and HeritageServiceswill returnasurplusof£5.6m there were 1,023,969 visitorstotheRomanBaths, employment inBath&NE Somerset.In2014/15 economy. Thisrepresents approximately 10%ofall estimated £405millionofvisitorspendinthelocal approximately 9,300jobsandgenerates an Visitor Management Continue to identify & implement Continue toidentify&implement 23 . The industry accounts for . Theindustryaccountsfor and thewebsitevisitbath.co.uk InformationCentremarketing, operationoftheVisitor organisation’ whoare currently responsible for Tourism Plus(BTP),a‘destinationmanagement Tourism inBathisprincipallymanagedby the fabric&economyofWHS. contribution’ &useproceedstosafeguardinterpret Action 40: new opportunity. legislation changesorregional devolutionmaybring included asanactioninthehopethatnational voluntary contributionremains anambitionandis restrictions underUKtaxregulations. Suchataxor the Council.Thiswashowevernotprogressed dueto commonly foundinEuropean cities,wasexplored by In 2014theconceptofavisitortax,kind harm OUV. sustainable inthatitbenefitstheSiteanddoesnot Objective 15: visitors from caruse. (2014)) withnocarparkingprovided, thusdissuading Gainsborough (2015),Premier InnJamesSt.West planning permissionforseveralnewhotels(The Council isresponding tothisby, forexample,granting be lessthandesirableinsustainableterms,the to theSiteisoftenbycoachorprivatecarandcan Bath theUK’s mostwalkablecity. Althoughtransport Bath’ transportstrategystatesanambitiontomake Bath isalsoaverywalkablecity. The‘GettingAround contributes totheupkeepofthatbuilding. visitor donationsin2013,whichsignificantly and thewiderSite.BathAbbeyreceived £552,283in contributing toward theupkeepofthosebuildings hotels andguesthouses,theyare financially Therefore whenvisitorsstayinanyofthemanylisted Many cityhotelsare housedinthesebuildings. with thevastmajorityofthesebuildingsstillinfulluse. attributes ofOUVincludeover5,000listedbuildings, Bath isaverysustainabletouristcentre. The produced byUNESCO produce suchadocument followingtheguidance mitigated andthebenefits maximised.Anactionto tourism intheCity, howthenegative pointscanbe Sustainable Tourism Strategytolookatthefuture of in placethere isperceived needtoproduce a Although there isaDestinationMarketingStrategy and otherSteeringGroup membersalsohave arole. members oftheWHSteeringGroup. The Council Continue to explore options for a ‘visitor Continue toexploreoptionsfora‘visitor Ensure that visitor management is Ensure thatvisitormanagementis 26 isincludedas anaction. 24 . BTPare long-term 25

the intentiontorepeat thatapproach withthisplan. understand andmore costeffective todistribute.Itis designed tobemore accessible, easiertoread and plan (2003-2009)asummary versionwaspublished, process isanobjective.InthefirstBathmanagement engage more people,especiallylocalinthe comprehensive andlengthydocument.The needto This managementplanis(bynecessity)a effective WHSSteeringGroup. Action 43: The actionresulting from thisistosustainthatgroup. withthemanagementofSite. partners concerned and testedmechanismforbringingtogetherthemain Steering Group (established2001)provides atried provide aneffective (andexcellent)service.TheWHS on-going issue,withtheobjectiveofcontinuingto Administrative managementoftheWHfunctionisan 5.16 the benefitandminimiseanyharmtoWHS. sustainable solutionsaredeliveredwhichmaximise parking withintheWHS,andseektoensurethat Action 42: conclusion. to ensure thesestudiesleadtoanacceptable pick-up points.Anactiononthisisincludedinorder explored toaddress this,includingdrop-off and parking. AsofSummer2016newoptionsare being traffic canbeproblematic, especiallyintermsof coach, oftenondaytripsoutofLondon.Coach Bath isapopulardestinationforvisitorstravellingby decision makers. is includedinaction46alongsidetrainingforkey An actiontosupporttrainingforvisitorambassadors information whichtheycanspread amongstvisitors. these ‘ambassadors’haveaccurateandconsistent experience. Thispresents anopportunitytoensure has over200volunteers)whoenrichthevisitor wide rangeofvolunteers(forexampleBathAbbey good. Theinterpretation describedin5.8relies ona The welcomeandfacilitiesoffered bythecityare WHS. adoption ofaSustainableTourism Strategyforthe Action 41: Administrative Management Continue to maintain & resource an Continue tomaintain&resourcean Engage withproposalstoaddresscoach Encourage &supporttheproduction WH issues. members, officers, visitorambassadors &otherson Action 47: their roleinthemanagement oftheWHS. a goodunderstandingof theOUVofSiteand Objective 17: provided withtrainingasnecessary. these keydecisionmakersare identifiedand deliver them.Theobjectivetherefore istoensure that about theSiteandaimsofplaniftheyare to these decisionmakersneedtobeproperly informed ambassadors orothersandthere isanissuethat be electedmembers,councilofficers,visitor the handsofmanykeydecisionmakers.Thesemay Responsibility forthemanagementofSiterests in management &funding. national &internationalbodieswhichsupportWH Action 46: helping others. with othersitesforthepurposeoflearningfromand Objective 16: and theOrganisationofWorld HeritageCities. project, European HistoricThermalTowns Association networks provided through theGreat SpasofEurope representing allUKsites.Italsohasinternational World HeritageUK(WH:UK),thecharitablebody the messageofUNESCO.BathWHSisamember objective istoshare bestpracticeandjointlypromote management practicesandrequirements andthe from anentire city. However, allsitesshare common Stonehenge andAvebury beingverydifferent entities different, with,forexample,Bath’s nearest WHS nationally andinternationally. Sitescanbevery other sites.WHS’s are partofawider family, both regarding managementofthesiteinisolationfrom WHS’s are comparativelyrare andthere isanissue Management Planprogressonabiennialbasis. Action 45: efficient andeffective timespanfordoingthis. Past practicehasshownthatbiennialreporting isan Steering Group andpotentiallyshared more widely. and progress reports canthenbemadetothe It istheintentionthatallactionscanbemonitored an SPD. Management Plan&investigateifitshouldbecome Action 44: Provide training as required to elected Provide trainingasrequired toelected Maintain linkswithappropriatelocal, Produce monitoringreportson versionoftheWHS Produce asummary Ensure that key decision makers have Ensure thatkeydecision makershave Ensure thatthereiscontinuedliaison http://whc.unesco.org/sustainabletourismtoolkit/ 26 http://whc.unesco.org/sustainabletourismtoolkit/ 25 http://channels.visitbath.co.uk/dbimgs/Destination%20Marketing%20 24 23 22 http://www.bathworldheritage.org.uk/enhancement-fund 21 www.hlf.org.uk 20 19 18 www.bathnes.gov.uk/bathscape 17 https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/sustainable- 16 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/sites/default/files/sitedocuments/Planning- 15 14 https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/heritage-at-risk/ 13 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/environment/bath-hot-springs/ 12 11 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/your-council-and-democracy/ 10 http://www.bathguides.org.uk/ 9 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/sites/default/files/sitedocuments/Planning- 8 7 http://www.bathworldheritage.org.uk/documents 6 5 http://www.bathabbey.org/footprint 4 3 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/sites/default/files/sitedocuments/Planning- 2 1 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/sites/default/files/masterplan_vision_ Strategy%20for%20Bath%20%26%20NES_2012-14_FINAL.pdf attracted3.1mvisitsin2014 (googleanalytics). Visitbath.co.uk applied) Survey, PassengerSurvey. IPS–International ‘CambridgeModel’ (sources UKTS-UnitedKingdomTourism Survey, GBDVS–DayVisitor Source: Value ofTourism Survey2013,SouthWest Research Company. Committee ofIcomos. Congress International November25to27,2010.GermanNational European HealthResortsandFashionableSpasofthe19thCentury. 24reve.pdf COM/24, p.173.http://whc.unesco.org/archive/2008/whc08-32com- Decisions report ofthe32ndsession(QuebecCity, 2008)WHC-08/32. growth-of-cathedral-cities-and-historic-towns pdf Landscape-and-Heritage/BathCity-wideCharacterAppraisalComplete. and-Building-Control/Planning-Policy/Evidence-Base/Urban-Design- 1990 Section 72ofthePlanning(ListedBuildingandConservationAreas) Act hydraulic-fracturing-fracking heritage definedinArticles1and2oftheConvention.” appreciation andrespect bytheirpeoplesoftheculturalandnatural particular byeducationalandinformationprogrammes, tostrengthen this Conventionshallendeavourbyallappropriate means,andin and NaturalHeritage–Paris,16November1972“TheStatesPartiesto theProtectionUNESCO ConventionConcerning oftheWorld Cultural local-research-and-statistics/wiki/cultural-activities Landscape-and-Heritage/PublicRealmandMovementStrategy.pdf and-Building-Control/Planning-Policy/Evidence-Base/Urban-Design- information forconsultation(2015) Information from EastofBathPark&Rideproposals –supporting Norman cathedralisair. the under-floor volumebetweenthecurrent floorandoftheformer A 2013trialrepair of5percentthefloor revealed that30percentof planning-policy See http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/planning-and-building-control/ pdf and-Building-Control/Planning-Policy/Placemaking-Plan/pmp_options. recommendations from thedesignreview panel. applications, localplanningauthoritiesshouldhaveregard tothe engagement ondesignproduces thegreatest benefits.Inassessing refer majorprojects foranationaldesignreview.In general,early ensure highstandards ofdesign.Theyshouldalsowhenappropriate review arrangementsinplacetoprovide assessmentandsupportto NPPF para.62.Localplanningauthoritiesshouldhavelocaldesign report_141030_low_res_0.pdf

37 Management Plan 2016-2022 38 Management Plan 2016-2022 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Table ofObjectives management oftheWHS. Ensure thatkeydecisionmakershaveagoodunderstanding oftheOUVSiteandtheirrole inthe Ensure thatthere from iscontinuedliaisonwithotherSites forthepurposeoflearning andhelpingothers. Ensure thatvisitormanagementissustainableinitbenefits thesiteanddoesnotharmOUV. made availabletopartnersinwaysthatassistimplementation ofthePlan. Ensure thatresearch andinformationabouttheSiteisproduced, collected,archived andanalysed, community involvement,enablepartnershipworkingandsecure therequired funding. Ensure thatmanagementsystemsare appropriate fortheeffective implementationofthePlan,encourage Ensure thatthere are measures inplacetoprovide on-goingconservationoftheattributes OUV. element andisprotected, conservedandinterpreted. Ensure thatthenaturalsettingofBath,asakeyattributeOUV, isafforded equalimportance tothebuilt quality. Ensure thatcraftskillsnecessarytoconservetheattributesofOUVare inplaceandare ofsufficient and where appropriate re-used. Ensure thatdamagedanddisusedhistoricstructures withintheSiteare monitored, repaired, maintained possible. Ensure thatallenvironmental riskstotheOUVare identified,managedandmitigated,asfarthisis education andtraining. Ensure thattheSiteisusedwidelyandeffectively asaresource inallsectorsandphasesof forlearning ordination amongstproviders andpromote citizeninvolvement. Work toincrease interpretation oftheOUV, especiallyintangiblevaluesandcontinuetoencourageco- standards allowinggoodaccessibilitytoall. Ensure thatnewstreet worksandotherdevelopmentsare completedtohighandconsistentdesign Ensure thatothernationalandregional bodiestakefullaccountoftheWHSintheirstrategicplanning. centre. Work tocontrol trafficgrowth andharm,encouragepromote lesscaruse,especiallyinthecity which wouldharmtheOUV. Ensure thatallrelevant newpolicydocumentstakefullaccountoftheWHSanddonotpropose actions Ensure thatnewbuildingsandotherdevelopmentdonotharmtheOUVofSite. Thermae Bath Spa

visitbath.co.uk / © Bath Tourism Plus/Colin Hawkins 39 Management Plan 2016-2022 6 40 Management Plan 2016-2022 and ActionPlan Implementation The Roman Baths Museum will linktotherelevant strategytoaddress it. recognised riskfrom flooding,theManagement Plan beyond planning,sowhere, forexample,there isa Group. Thisprocess extendstootherstrategies address these,againwiththesupportofSteering Development Plan(suchasthePlacemakingPlan)to to otherdocumentswhichdoformpartofthe policy. Ittherefore recognises certainissuesandlooks (see section4.14)andassuchitcannotsetplanning Plan doesnotformpartoftheDevelopment reliant ontheplanningsystem.ThisManagement Conservation andprotection oftheWHSisheavily support. important ingainingbothfundingandpolitical the SteeringGroup toprogress this,whichcanbe but includingthisinanactionindicatesthesupportof there isnofirmproject planinplacetoachievethis Designated archives collection.Atthetimeofwriting, history centre, bringingtogethertheCouncil’s contains anaspirationtocreate aone-stop-shop aspirations. AnexampleofthisAction16which ‘smart’ andthere islegitimateinclusionofsome It isnotpossiblehoweverthatallactionswillbe when andwithwhatindicatorofsuccess. responsible fordelivery, withwhatresources, by possible, andincludeinformationonwhois It isintendedthateveryactionwillbeas‘smart’ through tomajorprojects andlong-termaspirations. Actions rangefrom minoractsandquickwins 6.2 which reflect thekeyprioritiesaswellothertopics. in Chapter5.Actionsare grouped underheadings actions toaddress theissuesandobjectivesoutlined This sectionofthePlansetsoutrecommended 6.1 Introduction About the actions About theactions Group. biennial basiswithreports presented totheSteering actions, asdiscussedin4.20,willbeundertakenona plan period.Monitoringofachievementagainst table soitmaybeupdatedasnecessaryduringthe others. Theactionplanisdesignedasaseparate both SteeringGroup membersthemselvesand Actions willbedelivered byawiderangeofpartners, 6.3 Implementation can realistically bedelivered. concentrate onasmallernumberofprojects which the previous plan,theapproach here isto Despite agoodrecord ofachievementonactionsin previous plan(2010-2016)contained71actions. There are 46actionsincludedinthisplan.The should notbeunderestimated. strategy (Action41).Theinfluenceexertedbythis can forexamplecallasustainabletourism provides usefulgap-analysisandtheSteeringGroup wide spectrumofsubjectareas. Indoingso,it planning documentslargelyare, andcancovera The planisnotconstrainedtoland-useissuesas policy, ithasstrengths thatotherstrategiesdonot. Although thisPlan(through itsactions)cannotset

5. Transport e. d. Project c. b. a. 4.

1. Action 6.4 impact delivery oftheTransport Strategy (2014) objectives&seektoensure the OUVofWHS&its setting. & nounacceptableimpact to that theydelivermaximumbenefit of Engage withandmonitorthe The railelectrificationproject at PulteneyWeir Replacement oftheradialgate as partoftheBathAbbeyFootprint Conservation &enhancementworks conveying OUV building atrisk&anattribute Cleveland Poolsproject asalisted Recreation Ground cultural &leisure stadiumatthe The developmentofasporting, following: the OUVofSite,including development whichmayimpactupon Engage withproposals formajor is safeguarded. affecting thesitetoensure thatthe significance oftheWHS’s OUV policy, majorplans&strategies Engage withallemergingplanning Heights StrategyasaSPD Plan &bytheadoptionofaBuilding the applicationofPlacemaking height iseffectively managedthrough Ensure thattheissueofbuilding for majordevelopmentapplications Re-establish adesignadvisorypanel Managing Development Partners Indicators Action Plan

B&NES, HistoricEngland England Economic Development,Historic Network Rail,B&NESPlanning& Bath Abbey, Environment Agency, Bath Rugby, ClevelandPoolsTrust,

Management, Historic England & Management, HistoricEngland& other authorsofstrategies Environment, Development B&NES PlanningPolicyand, Development Management B&NES PlanningPolicy& B&NES Environment andDesign B&NES Regeneration Delivery

Key elementsoftheTransport Strategy already haveprovisional approval withinB&NESbudgets

Within existingbudgets Within

existingbudgets Within Resources

See individualprojects ofthestrategy for timetable,includingactions 6,7 &10ofthisplan

Dependent uponprogress ofthe scheme inquestion

On-going

2016 onwards Timescale Delivery ofthe proposals withoutunacceptable Biennial reports totheBathTransport Commission on Transport Strategydelivery. Expecteddates March 2016,2018,2020,2022 taken intoaccountinthe preparation &finaldesign Evidence thatfullaccount ofWHhasbeen Delivery oftheprojects withoutharmtotheOUV these projects into accountinthepreparation &finaldesignof Evidence thatfullaccountofWHhasbeentaken in corresponding actions Evidence thattheOUVhasbeenconsidered into accountintheplan/strategy Evidence thatfullaccountofWHhasbeentaken & corresponding planningdecisions Adoption ofaBuildingHeightsStrategy Monitoring ofincidencestallbuildingproposals & followedinimplementationofschemes Evidence thatpaneladviceisconsidered Panel convened&meetingsheld

Monitoring projects to the

OUV

41 Management Plan 2016-2022 42 Management Plan 2016-2022

10.

6. Action Developer for doingso to vehicleswhere there isavalidcase closure ofkeystreets withintheSite vehicular traffic&continuethe is adhered to&updatedas Continue toreduce theimpactof in theWHS necessary toguidestreet works Bath Ensure Book thattheBathPattern Developer to poorpavementsurfaces improvements, especiallywithregard Continue toimplementpublicrealm Public Realm travel optionswhilstprotecting theOUV & ensure thattheydeliversustainable programme ofcyclingimprovements to reduce theimpactofmajorroad traffic routes passingthrough theWHS Engage with&supportthecurrent 2016/17 neighbouring authoritiesasnecessary Engage with central government & Engage withcentralgovernment Partners Indicators

contributions & Highways B&NES Council,plusdeveloper

B&NES Regeneration

& Highways B&NES Regeneration

Transport

B&NES Council,Canal&RiverTrust Highways England,Dept.for

B&NES Council, Wiltshire Council, B&NES Council,Wiltshire Delivery Local EnterprisePartnership a coachpark regard touseofWeston Islandas Discussions underway(2016)with Production oftravelplanstobe funded asdevelopmentstakeplace Council budget2016/17 approval of£2.05minB&NES Further budgetmayberequired if Saw Closegainedprovisional Local EnterprisePartnership Largely withinexistingbudgets. updates tothebookare required

review ofwayfinding B&NES budget2016/17fora £100k givenprovisional approval in sought from CentralGovernment per yearfor5years)currently (2016) Local Growth Fund(potential£500k inclusion inHighwayEngland’s

Quays Bridge&linkinginfrastructure allocated totheprovision ofBath Fund (CAF)award of£3mwillbe Dept. ofTransport CycleAmbition funding programme wasconfirmed national trunkroad networkfor in B&NEScabinetbudgetproposal An objectiveofimproving the Resources contributions contributions

As yetunknown As developmentscomeforward improvements 2017/18 Saw ClosePublicrealm On-going Bath QuaysNorthandSouth improvements 2017/18 Saw ClosePublicrealm year 2017/18 Anticipated constructioninorafter spend approval forCAFfunding(2016). Bath QuaysBridgehasreceived final commenced March 2016 Canal towpathre-surfacing 2.2km stretch ofBatheastonK&A Dates fordiscussionsnotyetknown Timescale Quays Bridge

plans forallmainactivities.Monitoringwillinclude Transport StrategyactionGABP10callsfortravel the numberofplansproduced &theirimpact Schemes implemented Incidences ofstreet worksnotundertakenin accordance Book withthePattern Improvement schemesimplemented Successful takeupoftheschemesasevidenced Delivery oftheschemeswithinprogramme Inclusion ofprovisions withinthe2015-2020 by schemespecificmonitoringindicators Evidence ofdiscussions Road InvestmentStrategyfundingprogramme Monitoring

19.

18.

17.

16. 15.

14.

13.

12.

11. Interpretation Action of theWHS of thespiritual&intangible elements which increase theunderstanding Support interpretation measures societies &interest groups heritage issues,workingwithlocal (especially theyoung),engagein Support outreach worktohelppeople Bathscape heritage walkingroutes & seektoimprove waymarkingfor river, canal&walkingentrancepoints archives to housethecouncil’s ‘Designated’ Install welcomesignsonroad, rail, for aone-stop-shopHistoryCentre Continue toseeksuitablepremises brand fortheWHS Work toward theproduction ofanew of theWHS social mediainthemanagement Investigate agreater role for or Participant World HeritageDay Continue tosupport the website Maintain &improve theWHS £3,376,700 Archway project & Learning Centre aspartofthe & Learning Deliver aWHInterpretation Centre Partners Indicators collection

WH EnhancementFund Steering Group members.

Steering Group members and BathscapePartnership including CotswoldWay NationalTrail Solution including property &libraries World HeritageTeam, withpartners support from otherservices B&NES HeritageServiceswith Steering Group World HeritageTeam plus

World HeritageTeam

Programmes, plusotherpartners Heritage Services Learning & Heritage ServicesLearning

World HeritageTeam

project partners B&NES HeritageServicesplus Delivery

anticipated No extrabudgetrequirement Bathscape bid budgets Anticipated asbeingwithinexisting WH EnhancementFund No budgetcurrently identified

No budgetcurrently identified Budget required

Within existingbudgets Within Other contributionsfrom hostsite WH budget Heritage Servicesplus

Within existingbudgets Within Heritage LotteryFunding

£1m B&NEScontribution

Total project cost£4.9m Resources partners

bid

sought sought

On-going On-going 2016-2022

On-going 2017

2016 Annually inApril

On-going Completion Oct2018 Start constructionSep2017.

bid June2016 Submit HLFround 2funding Timescale

Record ofmeasures undertaken Record ofoutreach workundertaken Signage inplace considered Evidence thatpossiblesolutionshavebeen New brandcommissioned&inplace Number ofhitsandtweets Evidence ofuse,audiencereached Facebook &Twitter accountsestablished Event staged Bi-annual inspectiontoensure allmaterialiscurrent Evidence ofmore materialbeingpostedto Number ofwebsitehits Visitor numbers&feedback Visitor WH Centre &Learning open Monitoring website found

numbers

& feedback

43 Management Plan 2016-2022 44 Management Plan 2016-2022

25.

24.

23. projects

22. Education 21.

20. Action & Avon Canal structure fortheRiverAvon &Kennet effective holisticmanagement geothermal exploitationorany Support theestablishmentofan policy orbyothermeans through inclusioninappropriate other mineralextractionoperation) & seektoprotect them(especially from hydrocarbon extraction people, historicbuildingsand Avon withregard toimpactupon Continue tomonitorthehotsprings Strategy &otherrelevant documents Local FloodRiskManagement flood riskengagewiththeemerging where groundwater &drainageposea archaeology &forpartsofthesite mitigate floodriskfrom theRiver Engage withallrelevant authoritiesto Environmental Resilience User curriculum &inassociatedlocal primary &secondaryschool Bath WHSeducationcontentin use theUNESCOlogoinpromotion Work toward increasing thecurrent & civicsignagewithinbrandguidelines Continue toexplore opportunitiesto identification offundingtofacilitatethis of theBathculturaloffer &the Support theon-goingco-ordination Partners Indicators

partners ontheStrategicRiverGroup B&NES Environment Team plus Heritage Services,PlanningServices plus othersasrequired others asappropriate B&NES BuildingControl, Waterspace Partnership Environment Agency, FoBRA& B&NES Environment andDesignTeam, schools representatives members Steering Group membersplus WH Team plusSteeringGroup as museumowners Steering Group members,especially Delivery

B&NES 2016/17budget Provisional approval of£150kin

Within existingbudgets Within

anticipated No extrabudgetrequirement not currently identified Extra budgetmayberequired &is Largely withinexistingbudgets

No budgetsidentifiedforthis Resources early 2016 Appointment ofco-ordinator

On-going

2016 onwards

2017-2019 On-going

On-going Timescale

Delivery ofaWaterspace Strategy influencing ofnewpolicyorissuinglicences Evidence ofinterventiononissuessuchas Evidence ofon-goingmonitoring Evidence ofengagementinfloodriskplanning provision forprotection ofOUV Evidence ofstrategiesacknowledging&making Figures ontakeupoftheresource curriculum Production ofWHcontenttofitthecurrent Evidence ofinstanceswhere thelogoisused Surveys ofcitizenawareness ofWorld Heritage secured Record ofco-ordination undertaken&funding Monitoring feedback feedback

32.

31. 30.

29.

28. registers 27. Conservation

26.

Action

of theWHS respects thespecialcharacteristics numbers allocatedtothe city sub-regional growth &newhousing government to ensuregovernment that projects aimedatconservingthe Engage withregional/national/local views andvistas’ up andmaintaininghistoricallyimportant landscape oftheWHS,andopening as amechanismfordelivering retention ofcraftskills&building materials whichare necessaryto Support the‘Bathscape’partnership maintain thefabricofWHS Support initiativeswhichdeliverthe important buildings Conservation Area plusalistoflocally appraisals forareas withinBath Bring forward ConservationArea provides clear&consistentguidance for street &otherlightingacross the pollution WHS, includingtheissueoflight attributes carryingOUV)from the Work toward aframeworkwhich national andlocalHeritageatRisk Act toremove properties (&other primarily causedbypetrol/diesel powered vehicles,whichisadirect risk to people&historicfabricwithin the Support actionstoreduce airpollution, Partners Indicators (Transport Air WHS

Historic England B&NES PlanningPolicy, Bathscape project partners Steering Group partners B&NES Environment andDesignTeam, World HeritageEnhancementFund,

Team plusPlanningPolicy B&NES Planning&Conservation WH EnhancementFund

plus SteeringGroup membersas B&NES street lighting. property owners B&NES Planning&ConservationTeam

B&NES, West ofEnglandPartnership Delivery

Within existingbudgets Within

budgets ratherthannewmoney HLF fundingof£1.5msought Relies ontargeteduseofexisting

programme identified forcontinuationof Further fundingrequired ¬yet existing budgets

Anticipated asbeingthrough

Largely through existingbudgets

£1.449m awarded byOfficeofLow Emission Vehicles in2016tosupport a varietyofmeasures

Resources

discussions To coincidewithregional planning from this Further project milestonestoflow

Submission ofHLFbidJune2016. Ongoing

through 2016-17 Ongoing appraisalofcharacterareas

Ongoing

Funding award periodis2016-2021. Full detailsyettobeworkedup

Timescale

Housing allocationfigures Evidence ofmeasures undertaken Implementation oftheproject &achievement of project monitoringtargets Successful bidforHLFfunding Evidence ofincidencesusecraftskills Availability ofcompaniesoffering craftskills Adoption ofalocallist prepared indraft Number ofcharacterappraisals Development decisionsincludingdarkskyissues Framework inplace Evidence ofconsistentdecisions&installations Heritage atRiskregisters Number ofentriesonthenationalandlocal the citycentre (Transport StrategyActionGABA12) Record ofmeasures undertaken(toinclude,for example, furtherelectricvehiclecharging infrastructure &purchase ofultra-lowemission vehicles) Monitoring Options foraLowEmissionZoneexplored Production ofaprogramme toremove trafficfrom

quality

monitoring Strategy

Action

figures

GABA10)

45 Management Plan 2016-2022 46 Management Plan 2016-2022

39. 38. Research

37. manner

36. Funding

35.

34.

33. Action Other disabilities those withlimitedmobilityand environment more accessiblefor opportunities tomakethehistoric group &anindexofcurrent research Continue toidentify&implement Accessibility andInclusivity Index Research Pursue theestablishmentofaresearch & produce anannualnewsletter seek tomaintain&increase funding through theWHEnhancementFund, enhancement &interpretation works Continue toprogress conservation, these are madeinaco-ordinated of theSite&seektoensure that funding bidsrelating totheOUV Support appropriate conservation World Heritagebid Great SpasofEurope trans-national Continue toprogress &supportthe conservation workattheEastBaths as Progress afurtherphaseof the hotsprings Investigate SSSI(orsimilar)statusfor Partners Indicators

members ashistoricproperty owners members asholdersofhistoricrecords B&NES Council,SteeringGroup Bath UniversityplusSteeringGroup or Working Group Enhancement FundCommittee Steering Group asmembersofthe appropriate Steering Group membersas World HeritageTeam, plus DCMS andotherproject partners B&NES Council,HistoricEngland,

B&NES HeritageServices Heritage Services,B&NES Environment Team World HeritageManager, B&NES Delivery

Transport Strategyactions

Funding anticipatedfordeliveryof Potential fundingbidrequired funding shouldbesought retained. Furtheropportunitiesfor Budget inplace&needstobe

No budgetrequirement anticipated

Budget isinplace includes fundingforinterpretation) programme 2016-17.(Thisfigure £750k includedintheCouncil’s capital

No budgetrequirement anticipated Resources

publication date2017 access &inclusionauditisanaction Anticipated completionand (GABA6) intheTransport Strategy. Commissioning ofacitycentre Under activeconsiderationin2016

On-going withannualnewsletter

On-going

Target dateforsubmission ofbidto UNESCO inJanuary2018

by March 2017 Conservation workstobecompleted

2017 Timescale measures ongoing

Accessibility awards achieved Evidence offurthermeasures undertaken City centre auditundertaken Funding secured Projects undertaken Funding levelsgenerated Annual newsletterproduced Evidence ofco-ordination ofbids Records ofsupportgiven Successful nomination Production andsubmissionofbid cleaned &stableenvironment established Consolidation works completed, ancient monument Accreditation asanSSSIorgeologicalsite Evidence ofconsiderationthematter Monitoring appropriate on-line Group

& maintained

established

43. 42.

47. 46. 41.

45. 40. 44. Action an effective WHSSteeringGroup seek toensure thatsustainable coach parkingwithintheWHS,and Continue tomaintain&resource the WHS. the benefitandminimiseanyharmto solutions are delivered whichmaximise Engage withproposals toaddress Administrative ambassadors &othersonWHissues elected members,officers,visitor national & international bodieswhich national &international Strategy fortheWHS Provide trainingasrequired to support WHmanagement&funding Maintain linkswithappropriate local, a biennialbasis Management Planprogress on & adoptionofaSustainableTourism Encourage &supporttheproduction economy oftheWHS to safeguard &interpret thefabric& visitor contribution&useproceeds WHS ManagementPlan&investigate Visitor Partners Indicators Produce monitoringreports on Continue toexplore optionsfora if itshouldbecomeaSPD Produce asummaryversionofthe Mid-term Management Management

members secretariat) &SteeringGroup Development Team review). B&NESCouncilEconomic B&NES Council(whoprovide the Bath Tourism Operator(currently under

Services plusotherpartners members Development Team WH Manager, HeadofHeritage WH Manager, SteeringGroup review). B&NESCouncilEconomic Bath Tourism Operator(currently under

WH Manager B&NES Council Delivery WH Manager

Within existingbudgets Within Current review isresourced

Largely withinexistingbudgets

Largely withinexistingbudgets Bath Tourism Pluscontract

Budgets allocatedwithin Within existingbudgets Within to this No project budgetcurrently allocated Resources required forprinting although extrafundingmaybe Largely withinexistingbudgets,

Mid-term review anticipatedfor2019 Ongoing

Ongoing

Repeated periodically

On-going destination managementplan

presentation toSteeringGroup 2016-17, mostlikelyaspartofa Biennially. toallow Timing As opportunityarises Timescale 2016

Steering Group Chairpersonrecruited &inplace meetings wellattended&productive Steering Group meetingsheld, Successful deliveryofcoachstrategy Evidence oftrainingbeingused Evidence ofimplementationstrategy Dates oftrainingsessions Feedback ontraining Evidence ofliaisonwithotherbodies Evaluation ofbenefits Strategy developed&adopted Reports produced &presented toSteeringGroup Evidence ofactivemeasures takentopursuethis Monitoring Discussions onSPDundertaken Summary produced &distributed review

undertaken undertaken

47 Management Plan 2016-2022 48 Management Plan 2016-2022 Maps Appendix 1

Map II–BathConservation Area

49 Management Plan 2016-2022 50 Management Plan 2016-2022 Map III–Green Belt Map IV–CotswoldArea ofOutstanding NaturalBeauty

51 Management Plan 2016-2022 52 Management Plan 2016-2022 Map V–HistoricParks andGardens Map VI–ScheduledAncient Monuments

53 Management Plan 2016-2022 54 Management Plan 2016-2022 History oftheSite Appendix 2 engineering feat the Romans achieved is astonishing engineering feattheRomans achievedisastonishing worship, healthandsocial interaction.The thermal healingbaths,used theHotSpringsfor Minerva wasbuilt.Thetemple precinct, including In the1960sand70sAD, thegreat Temple ofSulis development ofthetownandtemplearea. different andseemstorelate thelargelyseparate and theWalcot Street /LondonStreet area –isvery of continuedRomanoccupation–thecentralarea, the archaeological evidencefrom thetwomainareas development ofthetownAquaeSulis.However, previously beenthoughtofasthestimulus forthe The Temple ofSulisMinerva(seebelow)has strategic importanceofthecrossing. junction offourmajorRomanroads showingthe routes travellingnorthandsouththisbecamethe is thelocationofanaturalrivercrossing withexisting Cleveland Bridge(linkingLondonRoadtoBathwick) although substantialevidencehasyettobefound. area, traditionallysupposedtobeatBathwick, have establishedamilitaryencampmentintheBath moved rapidlythrough thecountryandare thoughtto When theyinvadedBritainin43AD,theRomans Roman Bath establish theirdominanceasrulers. native powerorreligious significanceinorder to is knownthattheRomanstendedtobuildonsitesof worshipped here, withofferings castintothespring.It coins. ItisbelievedthenativegoddessSuliswas Around thecausewaywere foundanumberofCeltic to thespringhead,datingLateIron Age. gravel andbouldercausewaywasdiscovered leading excavations oftheRomanreservoir in1979/80,a sacred before thearrivalofRomans.During There isevidencethattherole oftheHotSpringswas regular orcontinualinhabitancy. used forseasonalpasture activities,ratherthan dates from theLateIron Age.Thismayhavebeen Down, totheeastofcity, andanenclosure that Bronze Ageburialmounds(tumuli)onBathampton what, ifany, actualsettlementthere was.There are area sincec.5000BCbutitisdifficulttoestablish is notknown.There hasbeenhumanactivityinthe The exactdateofBath’s foundationasasettlement The FoundationofBath Wessex (south),twostrong Saxonpowers. Originally political boundarybetween Mercia (north)and Bath heldanimportantlocation: thecitysaton material fortheSaxontown thatgrew. Strategically, and were graduallydemolished, providing building over bytheSaxons.TheRomanbuildingsdecayed after abattleatDyrhamin577ADBathwastaken The RomansleftBritainintheearly5thcenturyand Saxon Bath (these were bylawkeptcompletelyseparate). unusually closetothearea occupiedbytheliving both domesticandindustrial.There wasacemetery more substantialmasonrystructures. Activitywas and smallmasonrybuildings,latertobereplaced by and street frontage andcontainedamixture oftimber goods andservices.Thesettlementincludedriver of amilitaryestablishmentwouldhaverequired communications andpassingtradethepresence location wouldhavebeensupportedbygood 48-63 AD,before thetemplewasconstructed.This from thearea around ClevelandBridgedatefrom area tosuggestasettlementwasdeveloping.Finds enough activityintheWalcot Street /LondonStreet Prior tothebuildingoftemple,there wasalready erected overpartofthetempleprecinct itself. have beenonalargescale,withbuildingsbeing industrial activityisfoundandthechangeseemsto in the4thcenturythatevidencefordomesticor bank, were builtinthe3rd or4thcenturies.Itisonly which are believedtohavefollowedthelineof been enclosedbyanearthenbank.Thestonewalls, the 2ndcenturyarea, about24acres, mayhave continued intothe4thandpossibly5thcenturies.In other largepublicbuildingswere built.Development temple andbathsprecinct untilthe2ndcenturywhen The area appearstohaveconsistedsolelyofthe building. was inthecourtyard ofthegreat classicaltemple pool ofthetemple,neartosacrificialaltarwhich oxidised iron salts.Thereservoir formedthesacred Roman BathsMuseum,stainedbrightorangebythe The springoverflowcanstillbeseentodayinthe amount ofsandbrought tothesurfacebywater. arrangement wasputinplacetocopewiththe where theSpringsrose andasluicegate out ofopenmarshes.Aleadlinedreservoir wasbuilt for untiltheTemple wasbuilt theSpringsbubbledup history. caused bythiseventmarked anewerainBath’s thetownwassacked.The disruption King William at Bristol,andbecauseBathwaslargelyowned by supported bytheNormanbishops,whosebase was with hisbrother, RobertofNormandy. The revolt was II centre ofaplottodisplacethenewkingWilliam theConqueror in1088Bathwasatthe of William 1066, intheunsettledperiodthatfolloweddeath largely unaffected bythearrivalofNormans in Bath. Thoughthetownisthoughttohavebeen the area surrendered totheDanishKingSweinat Saxons stayedintheWest Countryuntil1013,when Norman Bath Edgar. it wasconsidered afittingplaceforthecrowning of was wellestablishedintheSaxoneraand973AD remains are elusive,thereputation ofthemonastery the existingAbbeychurch. Thoughthephysical known butthesecemeteriessuggestitwascloseto Stalles. Theexactlocationofthemonasteryisnot replaced bythemedievalchurch ofStMaryde to eitherthemonasteryornearbySaxonchurch north oftheKing’s Spring,whichmayhavebelonged Kingston Parade.Asecondhasbeenfoundtothe Temple where theEastBathsproject outbeneath has beenlocatedintheprecinct oftheRoman One cemetery, believedtobelongthemonastery, Minerva. both insideandaround theRomanTemple ofSulis seems thattheSaxonsbuilttheirreligious buildings the fragmentsofSaxonBaththatstillsurvive,it foundation, establishedbythemid-8thcentury. From The monasteryofSt.Peterwasanancient the monasteryinBath. when Edgarwascrowned firstkingofallEnglandat Saxon erawasundoubtedlyon11May, 973AD, and lateramintwasestablished.Thehighlightofthe (Saxonparliament)washeldinBath AD theWitan standing, thoughprobably inapoorcondition.In901 of Bathandrepaired theRomanwallsthatwere still The Wessex kingssetaboutimproving thedefences in thelate9thcentury, inthetimeofKingAlfred. held byMercia, thetownwastransferred toWessex times, travellerscamefrom farawaytousethem. Europe fortheirhealingproperties and, asinRoman century thebathswere wellknownthroughout to theHotSpringsduringSaxontimes,by12th Though itisnotclearhowmuchattentionwaspaid and refreshment facilities. resting andprivacy(thebathswere opentothesky) sheltered alcovesaround theedgeofbathfor and diseasedbathers,withareas forundressing, apparent thatthere were distinctbathsforhealthy Cross andHotSprings.From laterdrawingsitis additional bathsatthetwoothermainsprings, developed intoquiteanextensivecomplexwith known itwasthere underthesurface)anditwas over theRomanreservoir (thoughtheymaynothave then forgotteninSaxontimes.Anewbathwasbuilt renovation oftheKing’s Bath,largelydemolishedand John ofTours wasprobably alsoresponsible forthe King’s Bath 450 years. largest powerinthecity, apowerthatwouldlastfor king’s property inBathandthechurch becamethe king. JohnofTours paid500poundsforallofthe the bishop,withmostofrest belongingtothe Roman complex,ofwhichonly3acres belongedto covered about24acres, muchthesameas church thatexiststoday. Atthistimethewalledtown in Englandandfarlargerthanthe16thcenturyabbey The newcathedralwasoneofthelargestitskind Medieval walledtown. died in1166)tookupanentire quarterofthe build (itwasfinishedbyBishopRobertofLeweswho complex thatJohnofTours plannedandstartedto Bath andanewerainbuildingbegan.Thereligious decided tomovehisseatthemonasterychurch of appointed asBishopofWells. Thenewbishop In 1090,JohnofTours was (also calleddeVillula) The MedievalTown expand. Alsoasaresult ofthecharter theabbey and Walcot, andgavethecitypotentialto beyond themedievalwalls, toincludeBartonFarm was thatitextendedthe boundariesofthecity One ofthemostimportant aspectsofthecharter bishop andpriortotheCorporation. incorporation andfinallygaveallthepowersof this whensheauthorisedanewcharterof the priory. In1590,QueenElizabethcompounded mayor andcitizensofBathalltheproperty ownedby gaining strength. TheLettersPatentof1552 gavethe authorities, intheformofCityCorporation,were unsettled periodoftheDissolutionandcivic influential forover400years,wasgoingthrough the changed completely. Thechurch, whichhadbeen In the16thcentury, thepowerbalanceincity The RiseoftheCityCorporation was guttedandleftasaruin. Dissolution in1536thechurch wasnotfinished:it cathedral withanewchurch, butbythetimeof King decidedtoreplace thealmostruinedNorman of greater importancethaneither. In1499,Bishop gently declined,untilthetown’s regional marketwas thriving woolmarket,thereligious buildingsandbaths the monastery. Whilethetowndevelopedintoa cathedral andreturnedtobeingapriorychurch for 1218, theabbeychurch inBathceasedtobea theremoval ofthebishopricbacktoWellsWith in Late Medieval since itsfoundation. diminished prosperity, butithasalwaysbeenactive The hospitalhashadavariedhistory, withperiodsof and there wouldhavebeenacourtyard andgarden. buildings wouldhaveincludedakitchenandbarn infirmary buildingandachapelattheeastend.Other have beenafairlystandard medievalhospitalwithan area were grantedtothemforincome.Itseems hospital buildings,andparcels oflandoverawider the Cross andHotBathsthecitywallsfor monastery. Landwasgiventothehospitalbetween Bath andwasplacedunderthecontrol ofthe founded byBishopReginaldtobenefitthepoorof In 1174,theHospitalofStJohnBaptistwas St John’s Hospital this hadrisentoc.30,000. with thegrowth andpopularitythat followed,by1800 grew further. In1700the populationwasc.2000,but society thatwastobehadinBathanditspopularity and 1703were seenasconfirmationofthegood Queen Annein1692(asPrincess)andthen1702 established asafashionableresort. Thevisits of and inthelaterdecadesof17thcenturywas Bath increased inpopularitythroughout the1600s The BeginningofGeorgianBath market gardens. was surrounded onmostsidesbyorchards and the poorandwealthy. Outsidethewalls,city and definingmore thaneverthedifferences between with fourstorey tiledbuildings,fillinginemptyspaces walls. Thetwostorey thatchedhouseswere replaced during thiscentury, itchangedgreatly withinthe the citydidnotexpandoutintocountryside battle onLansdownHill,justnorthofthecity. Though occupying Bathwere defeatedbytheRoyalistsina during theCivilWar (1642-9),Parliamentaryforces but hadasteadilygrowing population.In1643, Bath wasstillsmall,largelyconfinedwithinitswalls, The 17thcenturysawattemptstocleanupthecity. Bath. houses. Thiswasthestartofmasstouristtradein greater number(andhigherquality)oflodging visitors, attractedbytheimproved facilities,ledtoa 16th centuryto‘gentrify’it.Thegrowing numberof Bath. TheHotBathinparticularwasimproved inthe Bath, mainlyusedbydiseasedbathers,andtheHot 1576. There were alsotwootherbaths:theCross Queen’s Bath(originallyknown astheNewBath)in medieval structure, theCorporationadded the baths,setaboutrenovating them.Mostlystillthe bathing andtheCorporation,realising thepotentialof saw anumberofpublicationsextollingthevirtues given totheCorporationin1552.The16thcentury The baths,traditionallyCrown property, hadbeen city authorities. city andassuchitwasgraduallyrenovated bythe meant itwastheprincipalplaceofworshipfor remains tothisday. Thenewstatusofthechurch parish church ofStPeterandPaul,whichit church, stillunfinished,was re-consecrated asthe

55 Management Plan 2016-2022 56 Management Plan 2016-2022 comprehensive and insuchadifferent style. street sincetheGeorgian rebuilding pattern, wasso very difficultnowtotracethistownexceptinthe with narrow streets andoverhangingfaçades.Itis buildings were almostallinthelatermedieval tradition 1700, wassmall,confinedbyitswalls,andthe The medievaltown,asBathessentiallystillwasin of facilitiesandstatus. 18th centuryinnumbersofvisitorsandexpectations both styleandscale,reflecting thegrowth duringthe replaced withthecurrent examples,muchgranderin Terrace Walk. Thesemodestbuildingswere later building andthelowerAssemblyRoomsin1708on Pump Roombuiltin1706onthesiteofexisting to theincreasing numbersofvisitors,withthefirst and finishingaround 1825.Initiallyitwasa response years, startingatthebeginningof18thcentury The buildingofGeorgianBathtookroughly 125 Building theNewCity hundred years. a a newcityinfluenceddevelopmentinBathfor Wood wasanarchitect whoseextraordinary visionfor stone minesthatsurrounded Bathinthe1720s.John the needforbuildingmaterial,buyingupmostof fortune indevelopingthePostalServiceandforesaw new standards ofbehaviour. RalphAllenmadehis imposing onsocietyasetofrulesthatcarvedout quickly establishedhimselfasMasterofCeremonies, and beseen.BeauNasharrivedinBath1705 the toastofsocietyflockedthere everyyeartosee Allen andJohnWood hailedthecity’s goldeneraas The arrivalinBathofRichard (Beau)Nash,Ralph became availableforexpansion. Farm tothenorthandKingsmeadsouthsoon to breach thecitywalls,andareas suchasBarton Street (1707)wasthefirstspeculativedevelopment grasped theopportunitynowpresented tothem.Trim and thosewhoheldlandoutsidethecitywalls brought more visitors.Pressure forlandgrew sharply came, thecity’s facilitieswere improved whichinturn Abbey Yard andtheKing’s Bath.Asmore visitors first PumpRoomwasbuilt1704-1706betweenthe In response totheincreasing numbersofvisitors,the the steephills. the continuouslineof terracesastheyclimbedup dictated muchofthemethod ofbuildingandaffected The topographyofthecitywasachallengeand it the 18thcentury, themajorityofthemlocaltoBath. work inisolation;there were manyarchitects activein views andcountrysidesetting.JohnWood didnot built onthehillsaboveoldcitytomakeuseof the crescents andterraces,particularlywhere theywere The highlightsofarchitecture inBath mustbethe Georgian Architecture changing stylesandtechniques. Bath’s buildingsthatspanstwothousandyearsof availability ofthestonelocallyhasgivenaharmonyto CastleandBuckinghamPalace.The Windsor after hisdeathstonefrom CombeDownwasusedat Portland. Allenwasnotsuccessfulinthisplan,but where hehopedtorivalthepre-eminence of building materialbuttopromote itsuseinLondon, the 1720swere notsomuchtosupplythecitywith Ralph Allen’s reasons forbuyingthestoneminesin other placessuchasBox. close tothecityatCombeDownandOdd building inBathandthequarriesminesgrew up has beenusedatleastsinceRomantimesfor from theminesaround thecity. Thisooliticlimestone largely tothealmostwholesaleuseofBathstone, This isduepartlytoJohnWood’s influence but independently, Bathhasarare visualhomogeneity. Despite somanydifferent architects working Bath Stone result thatthetownexpandedveryrapidly. both duringhislifetimeandafterdeath,withthe example wasfollowedbymanydifferent architects, era.Wood’sdevelopment inBathuntiltheVictorian planning traditionthatcanbeseeninvirtuallyevery accomplished Georgianbuildingsandatown immense, withsomeoftheearliestandmost plans were notcompleted,hisachievementswere forever. Thoughhemetmixedenthusiasmandhis John Wood’s planschangedthefaceofcity John Wood became safe rather than exciting. New anti-gambling became saferatherthan exciting.Newanti-gambling classes. More people begantoretire toBathandit changed from high societytotheemergingmiddle the aristocracydwindled andthenature ofthevisitors Towards the endofthecentury, Bath’s popularity with The DeclineinPopularity during the18thcentury. wealth: thenumberofvisitorsincreased tentimes The citybecamedependentonthetouristsforits and wasanessentialpartofhighsociety’s calendar. season lengthenedfrom afewweekstosix months gathered there tobepartoffashionablesociety. The main attractionwasself-perpetuating:society were stillusedfordrinkingandbathingbutBath’s was bothagreat supporterandregulator. Thewaters to itsgamblingestablishments,ofwhichBeauNash Bath’s positionasasocietyfavouritewasinpartdue widened andrefronted. of themedievalstreet andotherswere pattern cut through existingrows ofbuildings,alteringparts roads suchasUnionandBathStreets (c.1790)were much ofthemedievalarchaeology ofBath.New of thesebasementsandvaultshascompromised the housesoneithersideofstreet: theexcavation are builtonvaults,connectedtothebasementsof physical impactonthecity. The18thcenturyroads The designofthetownhouseshadasignificant the countryside. of Lansdownandstretching outeastandwestinto expansion ofthecitywasrapid,climbingslopes thecitywastransformed.The façades. Visually though more materialmaysurvivebehindthe rebuild spared veryfewofthemedievalbuildings, physical andvisual,wasenormous.Thescaleofthe The impactofthe18thcenturyoncity, both decorative finishofthedesign. built, cleverlyincorporatedtheinclinesinto work ofthe1820s,lastgreat terracestobe particularly indealingwiththeslopes.JohnPinch’s became more sophisticatedthroughout thecentury, on solidrock couldbecompleted.Terrace design endofthecrescent andonlythehousesbuilt western instability ofBeaconHillresulted inthecollapseof attempts tolevelthesites.AtCamdenCrescent, the the Circus, hugeamountsofearthwere movedin For thebiggerprojects suchasQueenSquare and Victoria ArtGallery.Victoria employed toextendthe Guildhall andaddtoitthe completed by1897and the samearchitect wasthen The PumpRoomextension,theConcertHall,was opportunity toprop uptheirflaggingtouristtrade. allowing visitstotheremains whichthecity sawasan baths wereendofthiscomplex builtatthewestern Davis, CitySurveyorofWork andarchitect. New achieved through thedeterminationofMajor Charles Great Bathfoundin1880,mostofwhich was of theRomanBathscomplex,withremains ofthe erawastherediscoveryThe highlightoftheVictorian with theintroduction ofplateglassinwindows. Georgian cityastechnologyprogressed, particularly alsomademanysmalleralterationstothe Victorians of thecityinmid-later19thcentury. The were prolific andwere influentialinthedevelopment architects, suchasHenryGoodridge(1797-1864), the visualhomogeneityofpresent city. Several the buildingsofGeorgianBath,thusaddinggreatly to preferences, alsocontinuedtoworkinharmonywith architecturaladopting Victorian advancesandstylistic Bath. There were manyarchitects who,whilst relate tothestyleandgrandeurofarchitecture of the styleofthesestructures wascarefully designedto Bathinparticularwasaffected, and southern though to Bristollinewithfineviaducts,bridgesandstations constructed theGreat WesternRailwayPaddington grandiose architecture. Isambard KingdomBrunel on Bathwastheintroduction oftherailwayandits One ofthegreatest wrought changestheVictorians Victorian Changes resort, inarchitecturally excellentsurroundings. Bath’s reputation becamethatofaquietrefined villas. Thepopulationcontinuedtogrow quicklyand channelled intothenewlypopularsemi-detached returned inthe1820s,buildingenergywas the mainstreet inrelative isolation.Whenstability Street, thesuburbsofwhichwere neverbuilt,leaving unfinished, mostnotablyperhapsGreat Pulteney France. Thisleddirectly toseveralschemesgoing with thefinancialcrisisbrought onbythewarwith Physical expansioncametoanabrupthaltin1793 decline. laws andthedeathofBeauNashaddedto and communityfacilities. housing andtheincorporation ofgreen openspaces and promoted betterstandards forresidential retaining Bath’s visuallinktosurrounding countryside existing cityboundary. Itrecognised thedesirabilityof and plannedforresidential developmentsinsidethe largely unrealised, furthered theGreen Beltconcept planning. Thisdocument,inpartsfarsightedthough the wardamageandmoveintoaneweraoftown Bath, aproposal forcity-widedevelopment toreplace In 1945,SirPatrickAbercrombie wrote hisPlanfor Town Planning generally cleared andredeveloped. were largelyrestored buttheartisansuburbswere Kingsmead. ThehigherstatusGeorgianbuildings residential areas suchasOldfieldParkand west andsouthofthecitywere lost,inhighly Square. Largeswathesofartisanbuildingsinthe 1938) andthedestroyed southsideofQueen (newly refurbished byBathCityCouncilaslesseein exceptions suchastheguttedAssemblyRooms felt mostofthedamage,withafewnotable part oftheWorld War IIBaedekerraids.Thesuburbs On 25and26April1942,Bathwashitbybombsas Bomb Damage Scheme in1933. incorporated intoaBathandDistrictPlanning ‘straggling development’.Theserestrictions were the needtoconserveitscharacterandprevent the specialqualityoflandscapearound Bathand Abercrombie andBFBrueton.Theplanhighlighted based onaRegionalPlanwrittenbyPatrick prepared, Bathdevelopedaprototype Green Belt In 1930,before legislationwas similarGovernment 20th Century status ithadenjoyedthroughout the1700s. 20th century, butitwasnottorecover thesocial destination didimprove inthefirstdecadesof Empire Hotel.Bath’s popularityasatourist additiontothecitywas The lastlargeVictorian century community. ensemble thatcontinuestosupportathriving21st extensive remains formauniqueandoutstanding landscape andeconomy. However, thecity’s the late20thcenturyalsochangedcity’s century andthedeclineofmanufacturingindustry in Bath’s suburbscontinuedtoexpandinthe20th lifeinahistorictown. in modern showing agrowing awareness oftheissuesinvolved place, andmore thoughtwasputintoredevelopment in historictowns.Graduallyanimprovement took management oftrafficanddevelopmentspecifically emerging. Studieswere undertakenintothe By thelater1960s,changesinattitudewere buildings. national attitudestotheconservationofhistoric the so-called‘SackofBath’alsohelpedtoinfluence successful conservationmovementformedtoresist historic buildingsforhousingimprovements. The 1950s and60swhentheCityCouncildemolished War IIbombingraids(April1942)andalsoduringthe some casesentire suburbs,were lostintheWorld Many smallerGeorgianartisandwellings,andin or evendesirablefeature. longer considered landscapedesignasanecessary fine architecture. The replacement developmentsno cleared intheirentireties resulting inthehugelossof destruction. 18thand19thcenturysuburbswere country-wide blightofwholesalehistoricbuilding post-war designedlandscapes,Bathfellvictimtothe protection ofGreen Beltandparticipationinthe new developmentswaslost.Despiteitsearly emphasis onincorporatinglandscapedesigninto Planning controls, however, were alteringandthe cleaning ofthestonefaçadesCircus. the BathTown Schemeoffered grantsforthe grant aidtohistoricbuildingconservation.In1955/6 andthecitycouncil,to between centralgovernment the firstjointlyfundedgrantschemeincountry Further totheearlyGreen Beltprovision, Bathsaw WWll bomb damage attheAssembly Rooms

57 Management Plan 2016-2022 58 Management Plan 2016-2022 for Inscription Justification Appendix 3

vi. v. iv. iii. ii. i. The sitemust: Criteria foroutstandinguniversalvalue Implementation oftheWorld HeritageConvention. Heritage Committee’s Operational Guidelinesforthe These criteriaare setoutintheUNESCOWorld and theprovision ofadequatelegislativeprotection. fulfilling additionaltestsofauthenticityandintegrity, criteria measuringoutstandinguniversalvalue,and based upontheSitemeetingoneormore ofsix Inscription ontothelistofWorld HeritageSitesis significance. and literaryworksofoutstandinguniversal living traditions,withideas,orbeliefs,artistic be directly ortangiblyassociatedwithevents change; or vulnerable undertheimpactofirreversible a culture, especiallywhenithasbecome settlement orland-usewhichisrepresentative of be anoutstandingexampleofatraditionalhuman in humanhistory;or landscape whichillustrates(a)significantstage(s) or architectural ortechnologicalensemble be anoutstandingexampleofatypebuilding or whichhasdisappeared; or a culturaltraditionortocivilisationwhichisliving bear auniqueoratleastexceptionaltestimonyto landscape design;or technology, monumentalarts,town-planningor world, ondevelopmentsinarchitecture or over aspanoftimeorwithinculturalarea ofthe exhibit animportantinterchange ofhumanvalues, genius; or represent amasterpieceofhumancreative exponentially, buthewasalso targetingmarketsin stone needsatatimewhen thecitywasexpanding where notonlywas heabletosupplyallofBath’s mining stone.Hebuiltup thatindustrytothepoint exceptional foresight whobought extensiveareas for Ralph Allen(1693-1764)wasanentrepreneur with patrons andbuilderstotheirschemes. and enabledarchitects suchasJohnWood toattract London, prompted thephysicalexpansionofcity Bath’s positionasasocietycity, secondonlyto classes withthe‘rules’hedevisedforBathsociety. significantly todefiningbehaviourfortheupper throughout the18thcentury, andcontributed responsible forthecity’s incredible popularity centre unrivalledoutsideLondon.Hewaslargely build onitspopularityasaspaandtocreate asocial who cametoBathin1705.Hesawanopportunity Richard ‘Beau’Nash(1674-1761)wasagambler this change. presence ofseveralambitiouspersonalitiesthatdrove absence oflocal,rulingautocrats.Butitwasthe popularity asaspa,thedemandforhousing,and conditions forthisexpansion,includingthecity’s universal value.Severaldrivingforces created the providing thecitywithmuchofitsoutstanding classical intheperiodofonehundred years,and rapidly, changingitscharacterfrom medievalto In the18thcentury, Bathprospered andexpanded creative genius Criterion i.represent amasterpieceofhuman Meeting criteriai,iiandiv protection. tests ofauthenticity, integrityandadequatelegislative for criteriai,iiandiv. Thecityalsomeetsthefurther Bath wasinscribedasaWorld HeritageSitein1987 ii. i. inscription required thatthesitemust: The OperationalGuidelinesinforce atthetimeof Further tests conservation ofthenominatedculturalproperties and managementmechanismstoensure the have adequatelegaland/ortraditionalprotection workmanship orsetting meet thetestofauthenticityindesign,material, swineherd andsuffering from leprosy. their curativepowerswhilst wanderingasa supposed tohavediscovered the HotSpringsand myths suchasthatofPrince Bladud,whois particularly Stonehenge and StantonDrew, and Britain. Hefoundinspiration instonecircles, heavily onthemythologyandarchitecture ofancient eccentric, producing architectural writingsbased Andrea Palladio.Wood wassomethingofan the previous centuryandparticularlytheworkof ancient Romanremains, theclassicalarchitecture of Wood’s visionforBathwasheavilyinfluencedby Town Hall,1749-54). Market (1741-3)andLiverpool’s Exchange(now England andWales, includingBristol’s Exchangeand (1727-30), Wood alsoworkedextensivelyaround Duke ofChandos,includingStJohn’s Hospital remodelling commissionsforpatrons suchasthe 1754) andGayStreet (c.1750).Inadditionto Hospital forRheumaticDiseases),theCircus (begun General Hospital(1738-42,nowtheRoyalNational with Pierrepont Street andDukeStreet (1740-43),the by Richard Jonesc.1750),NorthandSouthParade, Prior Park(begunbyWood c.1733,andcompleted Wood’s mainworkswere QueenSquare (1729-36), Bath andtheartoftownplanninginBritain. and influential,changedforever thecharacterof created inpursuitofhisvisionwashighlyinnovative individual developments.Thearchitecture thathe to continueindependentlyproduce speculative widely rejected bythecitycorporation,forcing Wood exhibition ofsports.Theplanswere radicaland Forum, Circus andImperialGymnasiumforthe buildings andformalopensocialspaces,includinga classical city. Hisvisionincludedgrandpublic small medievalwalledcityintoamonumental, 1727 withtheextraordinary visiontotransformthe John Wood theElderreturned tohisnativeBathin many otherarchitects inBathandBritain. town planningisoutstanding,andpavedthewayfor developments inarchitecture, landscapedesignand Younger (1728-1781).Theircombinedcontributionto Elder (1704-1754)andhisson,JohnWood the work inBaththe18thcenturywere JohnWood the The bestknownandmostinfluentialarchitects at that muchofthe18thcenturybuildingwaspossible. and torelease moneyforspeculativedevelopment, mines, particularlyatCombeDownandOddDown, London. Itisthrough hisefforts tobuildupthestone with thelandscape. much furtherwithitssinuous curvesandharmony achievements ofWood’s RoyalCrescent andtook it Lansdown Crescent (1789-93),whichfollowedthe John Palmer(1738-1817) isbestknownfor of BathStreet (1791). rebuilding oftheCross Bath(c.1786)andthecreation improvements tothebathingfacilities,including the his role ascitysurveyor, Baldwinalsocoordinated finest 18thcenturycivicbuildinginteriorsinBritain. In smaller terraces.TheGuildhallcontainssomeof the Pump Roomcolonnades(1791-92),aswellmany (including Great PulteneyStreet, c.1788-95) andthe as theGuildhall(1775-78),Bathwickestate seen alloverBath,insomeofthekeybuildingssuch The workofThomasBaldwin(1750-1820)canbe Baldwin. Bath particularlyinfluencedarchitects suchas style thanthatusedbytheWoods. Adam’s workin Rialto BridgeinVenice, itintroduced afreer Palladian original, saveforPalladio’s un-builtproposal forthe Bridge (1769-74),anothericonicstructure. Highly Robert Adam(1728-92)wasresponsible forPulteney quality andinnovation.Thefollowingisaselection. century andwhoalsoproduced workofoutstanding other architects whowere activeinthe18thand19th finest Palladianarchitecture ofBath,there were many While theWoods undoubtedlyproduced muchofthe architecture andstreet designofthe18thcentury. one ofthemosticonicandinfluentialpieces the expandingcitywithspeculativefunding,became Square andtheCircus ongreen fieldsontheedgeof (c.1767). Thismassiveendeavour, builtlikeQueen approached from theCircus alongBrock Street undoubtedly theRoyalCrescent (1767-75)whichis The Woods’ greatest achievement,however, is (c.1780) andtheHotBath(1773-7). include RiversStreet (c.1770),CatherinePlace opulence. OtherexamplesofWood’s workinBath at thattime,andwasfamedforitsbeauty design. TheinteriorwasunlikeanythingseeninBath (1769-71), constructingthebuildingtohisown gaining thefundingforNewAssemblyRooms aspects ofBathsociety, andwasinstrumentalin architect inhisownright.Hewasinvolvedall the deathofhisfather, butwasalsoanextraordinary John Wood theYounger completedtheCircus after buildings indirect contact withnature. Theprinciple established atVersailles (1620s-70s)ofplacing and landscape.Thisfollowed onfrom thetradition movement andcreated adialogue betweenbuilding Palladian architecture with theemergingRomantic The Woods’ Royal Crescent (1767-75)combined architecture oftherulingelite. vision. Bathiswhere themiddleclassaccessed without theconstrainingpowerofasinglepatron or Enlightenment tobeinterpreted freely andcreatively the rulesofPalladianismandideasFrench and theabsenceofthreat ofwarfare allowedfor increasing opportunitiesavailabletotheindividual, wealth andaspirationsofthemiddleclass, Bath, theconfluenceofSocietyandgrowing plans centred onpalacesandotherkeybuildings.In into Classicalform,theytendedtofollowgrandaxial rule ofstateandChurch. Where theywere extended by theirmedievallayoutsandfortifications,the centuries. European citieswere largelycharacterised cities whichdominatedthe15th,16thand17th away from theuniformstreet layoutsofRenaissance Bath exemplifiesthe18thcenturyEuropean move town-planning orlandscapedesign architecture ortechnology, monumentalarts, cultural area oftheworld,ondevelopmentsin human values,overaspanoftimeorwithin Criterion ii.exhibitanimportantinterchange of and extremely beautiful. and logical,inconcord withitsnaturalenvironment wider landscape,creating acitythatisharmonious individual developmenttothosearound itandtothe did notprevent themfrom contrivingtorelate each with nomasterplan,shared visionorsinglepatron, architects were workingoverthecourseofacentury, town anditsphysicalcharacteristics.Thatthese response totheopportunitiesoffered bythespa centuries whoappliedanddevelopedPalladianismin of thearchitects andvisionariesofthe18th19th universal valueistestamenttotheskillandcreativity That Bathisacknowledgedasaplaceofoutstanding façade. steep hillsdidnotinterfere withtheflowof treatment ofslopingterraces,ensuringthatBath’s to severalterracesisparticularlynotableforitscareful successful applicationofsinglemonumentalfaçades Place (1807-8)andSionHill(1817-20).Pinch’s terraces throughout thecity, suchasNewSydney John Pinch(1770-1827)produced aseriesofelegant 1800 made extensive useofcrescent andcircus, Edinburgh, plansforextending theNewTown after development ofarchitectural Romanticism. In are sitedinfree contactwith nature, continuingthe Park. Here, unifiedmonumental, classicalterraces and theelementscanbe seeninhisworkatRegents unexecuted plansforLondonshowthiscombination, the 1810smanyofarchitect JohnNash’s adjoining Crescent andCircus. From the1790s to Dance withLondon’s AmericaSquare andits developed inBathwere firstexportedby George leading architects oftheday. Theideasandprinciples connecting streets, wasimmediatelytakenupbythe their interrelation withoneanotherthrough The combinationofcrescent, circus andsquare, and Weymouth. Buxton, andincoastalresorts suchasBrightonand and citiesfrom LondontoEdinburgh,Exeter spatial arrangementsofBathwere echoedintowns Britain,thearchitectureMassachusetts. Within and Crescent (1793,demolished1858)inBoston, can beseenasfarafieldCharlesBulfinch’s Tontine The extentofthespread ofthesetoolsandprinciples continental Europe. removed from thegrandaxialtownplanningof between street, openspaceandbuilding,sofar principle ofaflexibleandinformal relationship mid-19th century. More importantthanthesewasthe the square, themainstayoftownplanninguntil demonstrated inBathbytheWoods, became,with fold. ThetoolsofCrescent andCircus, first Bath’s contributiontoBritishtownplanningistwo- the buildingisanintegralpartoflandscape. and distantruralsettingscreate theimpression that mimic thecontoursofland,andimmediate Crescent. Here thesinuouscurvesofbuildings most fullydevelopedinJohnPalmer’s Lansdown Picturesque movementswithPalladianarchitecture is century Britain.TheconfluenceoftheRomanticand one ofthedominantaestheticmovements19th within thetown.ThePicturesque movementbecame the green landscapecreates theillusionofcountry of thePicturesque intotheurbanenvironment, where In Britain,theRoyalCrescent markstheintroduction 1816-20). the PiazzadelPopoloinRome(GuiseppeValadier, Concorde inParis(Jacques-AngeGabriel,1763)and architecture canalsobeseenatPlacedela of nature brought intothecityandintegrated

59 Management Plan 2016-2022 60 Management Plan 2016-2022 of Romansocietyinthe 1st to4thcenturiesAD. and appreciation ofthesocialand religious character make asignificantcontribution toanunderstanding one ofthemostrenowned. Theremains inBath Of allthespasinEurope, surviving orlost,Bathwas Empire bythepilgrimswhotravelledtoworshiphere. the Temple andBathswasrecognised across the unique partoftheRomanEmpire. Theimportanceof Roman settlement,provide anopportunity tostudya with thearchaeological artefactsandremains ofthe The RomanBathsandTemple complex,together century heritagecity. prehistoric shrinetoitscurrent positionasa21st and documentationfrom itsearliestoriginsasalate extraordinary citycanbetracedinphysicalremains historical context.Thedevelopmentofthis made richerbythesurvivalofsomuchtheir most significanteras–RomanandGeorgianare werewhich, inturn, influencedbythecity. Thetwo Bath isareflection ofthesocietiesthatcreated itand significant stage(s)inhumanhistory ensemble orlandscapewhichillustrates(a) type ofbuildingorarchitectural ortechnological Criterion iv. beanoutstandingexampleofa ‘crescents’ were laidoutaspartsofcircles. for laterarchitects toreproduce. Allsubsequent of itsshapeeitherwentunnoticed,orwastoodifficult unique inthatitisasemi-ellipse.Thesophistication space. However, Bath’s RoyalCrescent remains individual dictatedthepopularityofvillasandprivate vernacular, andwere dominantuntilthefocuson crescent, terraceandthesquare entered the element, increasingly insmallerdevelopments.The elements, itwasalsowidelyusedasanindividual addition toitsuseincombinationwithother curves ofcrescents atExeterandShrewsbury. In Crescents atBuxtonandBrightontothesofter classes ofarchitecture from thegrandRoyal Conversely, thecrescent wastranslatedintoall relatively fewexamplessurvivetoday. early imitationsoftheCircus were notcontinued,and arrangement toamethodoftrafficmanagement.The at whichthecircus movesfrom beingaresidential Circus andPiccadillyCircus, London,marksthepoint Nash’s developmentofthe circus idea atOxford arrangements showninBath. though withoutthedegree ofinformalityspatial and asource ofcontinued revitalisation andpurpose. throughout itshistory. They are Bath’s ‘raisond’etre’, Springs haveplayedinthe dynamicsofBath important thanthisisthe centralrole thattheHot Room are themain examples.However, muchmore Hot Bath,Cross Bath, King’s BathandHetlingPump bathing in,thehotwater. TheGrandPumpRoom, buildings dedicatedtothetakingof(drinking),and The role ofBathasaSpaiscanbeseen in themany reflect thesocialambitionsofage. prime role asapleasure resort andhealthspa, spaces, parksandgardens. Theyrespond toBath’s integrated withresidential streets, openpublic and finishedbyJohnPalmer1795),are harmoniously Guildhall (1775-8)andPumpRoom(begun1790, Assembly Rooms(1769-71)andThomasBaldwin’s buildings, suchasJohnWood theYounger’s New and topographyofBath.Thegreat civicandsocial neoclassical architecture tosuittheparticularscale (1769-74) particularlydemonstratetheapplicationof (1733-50) andRobertAdam’s PulteneyBridge Buildings suchasJohnWood theElder’s PriorPark cityscape, are notablefortheirindividualmerits. that, inadditiontotheircontributionthewider There are manyindividualbuildingsandstructures the societyoftime. in architecture andtownplanning,foritsrole in outstanding valueforitscontributiontodevelopments industrial remains –represents auniquesurvivalof open spaces,landscapesettings,stoneminesand buildings from highstatustoartisan,parks,gardens, footways, socialandpublicbuildings,domestic The extentofthesurviving18thcenturycity–streets, the creation andinterlinkingofurbanspaces. houses, theintegrationoflandscapeandtown, neoclassical city–themonumentalisationofordinary Bath exemplifiesthemainthemesof18thcentury architecture, spatialarrangementandsocialhistory. whole, thecityisauniqueexampleofoutstanding century Bathare ofoutstandingvalue.Taken asa Individually, thebuildingsandensemblesof18th the Romansettlementisstilluneven. era. Thisisanexcitingprospect sinceknowledgeof archaeological discovery, particularlyfrom theRoman There isconsiderablepotentialforfurther remains northoftheAlps. Roman remains intheUK,andsomeofbestspa Hadrian’sWith Wall, theyare thebestsurviving are finallyviewed. providing heightened dramaandsurprisewhenthey Royal Crescent, concealthesweep ofthebuildings, to theRoyalCrescent) andthesubtleanglingof style ofBrock Street (c.1767,connecting theCircus with avistaoutoveropencountryside.Thesimple Moon. Itintroduced theideaofasinglesided street architecture, andpossiblysymbolises theCrescent Roman amphitheatres, suchasChester)inBritish the firstandonlyuseofellipse(excludingsome for thosewhoparadedupanddowninfront ofit.Itis the buildingandtoprovide amonumental backdrop situation inthelandscapetoincrease thedramaof centuries. TheRoyalCrescent makesthebestofits that becamesodominantinthelater18thand19th and wasaforerunner ofthePicturesque movement It harmoniouslyblendsarchitecture andlandscape, Younger, 1767-75)thathashadthegreatest impact. Royal Crescent (possiblybothWood theElderand Of allthedevelopmentsinBathitisperhaps Circus untilthelastmoment. 1733-55), where theinclineofhillconceals approaching upGayStreet (alsobytheWoods, greatly increased whenviewedasintendedafter with dramatic,enclosed,urbanspace.Thisdramais individual compositionthatblendsfinearchitecture Stonehenge. Thiscombinationproduced ahighly mythology, Druidsandstonecircles, suchas Wood’s interest inantiquitiesand,thiscase,Celtic such as‘rond-points’. TheCircus alsoreflects (Jules Hardouin-Mansart, 1685),andgarden designs developments suchasPlacedesVictoires, Paris degree. Itsroots canbeseeninRomancoliseums, Europe andithasneverbeenrepeated tothesame 66) isquiteunlikeanythingtobefoundacross The Circus (JohnWood theElderandYounger, 1754- development. suitably grandbackdrop wasthemainpurposeof South Parades,where publicpromenading againsta device whichcanalsobeseeninWood’s Northand that directly related tothebuildingsaround them–a house. Thisallowedforthecreation ofurbanspaces time whenstreets were largelyconstructedhouseby composing streetsa inacompletelyunifiedstyle,at architects across thecountrypossibilitiesof earlier attemptsinLondon.Itdemonstratedto individual housesasamonumentalfaçade,following first successfultreatment inBritainofablock Queen Square (JohnWood theElder, 1728-36)isthe cities. Enlightenment intotheplanningandarchitecture of the growing integrationofthethemesFrench amenability andappearanceofthecity. Thisfollowed footpaths andopenspaces,toimprove the done throughout the18thcentury, intermsofstreets, interaction. AllofthisisillustratedinBath.Muchwas better facilitiesforentertainmentandsocial conditions, higherqualityurbanenvironments and growing expectationsofsociety–improved living and grandeurofsocialfacilities,clearlyillustratethe treatment forordinary houses,andthegrowth insize The developmentofincreasingly grandarchitectural transport revolution. towns wasirrevocably altered, particularlybythe of majorindustrialisation,afterwhichtheplanning were defined.Bathalsocaptures societyonthecusp men tomaketheirfortunesandtherulesofsociety ambitions oftheage,asopportunitygrew forordinary Bath represents theentrepreneurship andsocial is possibletotracethecharacterofGeorgiansociety. Through thesurvivalofsomuchcity’s fabricit to thedevelopmentofsocietyduringthatperiod. The buildingoftheGeorgiancityisintimatelybound continental Europe andScotland. quite unliketheapartmentblocksandtenementsof exemplifies theEnglishterracetradition,whichis buildings suchasLansdownCrescent, Bath be anintegralpartofthelandscape.Through contiguous withthetopographythattheyappearto beautiful terracesinthecountry, itsbuildingsare so Borromini (1599-1667)inRome.Oneofthemost echoes theundulatingarchitecture ofFrancesco continues thethemesofRoyalCrescent, and Picturesque movementinurbanarchitecture. It Lansdown Crescent represents theapogeeof applications. should beakeymaterialconsiderationforplanning NPPF, whichstatesthatWorld HeritageSite status through localdevelopmentplansasadvised inthe The protection forSitesasawholeisachieved areas, listedbuildingsandscheduledmonuments. through statutorydesignationssuchasconservation protection formostoftheindividualelementsSites The UKnationalplanningsystemprovides adequate Legal protection cultural properties ensure theconservationofnominated protection andmanagementmechanismsto ii. haveadequatelegaland/ortraditional the authenticityofBath. buildings, townscapeandlandscapethatsupports information abouttheoriginsandalterationsto of historicbuildings,there isalargebodyof Despite thescaleofSite,particularlynumber links withthearchitecture. still anintegralaspectandretains itshistorical,visual good stateofpreservation. Thelandscapesettingis evident throughout thecity, whichisgenerallyina opportunities ofthegeologyandHotSprings,are extreme topographyofthearea, andthe adaptation ofarchitecture andtownplanningtothe workmanship ofbotharchitects andcraftsmen,the The materialsusedtocreate thisSite,the 21st century. character from itsearliestoriginsrightthrough tothe and itispossibletoobserveevidenceofthecity’s buildings andstreets, parksandgardens thatsurvive The evolutionofBathisexceptionallyclearinthe material, workmanshiporsetting i. meetthetestofauthenticityindesign, Meeting thefurthertests Pulteney Bridge andriversidecolonnades

61 Management Plan 2016-2022 62 Management Plan 2016-2022 the site elements of selected key Inventory of Appendix 4

houses. the baths,templeandassociatedhighstatustown the core settlementarea appearstobedominatedby industrial one.There isnoclearmarketsite foundand administrative centre noryetacommercial and ambiguous. Itisnotreadily identifiableas an within theregion betweenthe1stand4th centuryis because thenature ofRomanBathanditsstatus settlement ofAquaeSulisischallenging,notleast Characterising thearchaeology oftheRoman Existing Remains to buildtheGeorgianCity. Allen’s mine,where muchofthestonewasquarried archaeological recording, whichexplored Ralph accompanied byadetailedprogramme of stabilisation oftheCombeDownstonemineswas city’s Georgianlandscapeandbuiltheritage.The Gardens, whichare vitaltothemanagementof Conservation Areas andRegistered Parksand also containsdetailsoftheCity’s ListedBuildings, In additiontothearchaeological records, theHER within alluvialdepositsontheRiverAvon floodplain. occupation intheformofflinttoolscattersfound Mesolithic (MiddleStoneAge)hunter-gatherer redevelopment haverevealed evidenceofsignificant excavations carriedoutduringtheSouthgateCentre Sacred Spring.However, largescalearchaeological Allotments andSionHillthetimberliningof Iron AgeoccupationsitesatLowerCommon was untilrecently confinedtoafewstrayfinds,two other non-domesticstructures. Theprehistoric period monuments suchaschapels,industrialbuildingsand result ofarecent studytorecord post-medieval century AD.Thehighnumberoflaterentriesisthe Of therest, overhalfrelate totheperiod1st4th 700 relate periods. tothepost-medievalandmodern archaeological records forthecityofBathwhich Environment Record (HER)containsover1200 The Bath&NorthEastSomersetHistoric Archaeology: HistoricEnvironment Record survive. is onlythebottomsofmedievalrubbishpitsthat survival maybebetterintheselocations.Generally it vaults donotextendasdeepothersandmedieval indicated thatsomeatleastofthe18thand19th of thethenClarksshoeshopinUnionStreet also early postmedievalstructures. Work inthebasement suburb, maycontainremains ofearliermedieval and the centre andalongBroad Street, amedieval some ofthe18thand19thcenturytownhouses in work onexistingbuildingsindicatesthatatleast very littleappearstosurvive.Havingsaidthat,recent sections ofcitywallandthepresent street pattern, Saxon monasteryandapartfrom theeastgate,two has leftlittlevisiblereminder ofthedominance rebuilding oftheAbbeychurch inthe16thcentury during thelate18thandearly19thcenturies.The truncated bymore recent developmentparticularly challenging assomuchofithasbeenseverely In manywaysthemedievalarchaeology isevenmore this earlyperiod.Survivalis,however, verypatchy. enigmatic materialthatmaywellprovide thekeyto date abovesubstantialRomandepositsanditisthis revealed wellpreserved ‘blackearth’ofpost-Roman basement ofBellott’s HospitalonBeauStreet evidence issparse.Recentinvestigationsinthe regionally veryimportantinSaxonEngland,material the traditionalendofRomanperiodandbecame Whilst settlementatBathclearlycontinuedbeyond possibility ofafortatBathwick. present ClevelandBridgefurtherstrengthening the river crossing appearstohavebeenaround the which appeartoby-passthecore area. Theoriginal burials indicatethelocationsofmainroads, manyof and around Bath,Romancemeteriesandindividual of amilitaryfortinthislocation.Inmanylocations Circumstantial evidencealsopointstotheexistence presence ofanumbersubstantialbuildings. over thepasttwohundred yearsindicatethe on thegravelterraceofBathwickwhere discoveries and industrialarea. Athird focusliesacross theriver settlement foci,thelatterbeingmore ofacommercial however, suggeststhatthere were infacttwodistinct Street andLondonRoadnorthofthecitywalls, Discoveries ofcomplexurbandepositsalongWalcot impact ofindustrialisation. class housingofthe18thand19thcenturies; the evidence forRomanwharves;thenature ofworking medieval periods;evidenceforaRomanfort; location ofmajorrouteways intheRomanand nature andoriginsofthemedievalsuburbs; exact boundariesofthemedievalabbey;extent, the nature andextentoftheearlymonasticsite; with laterpost-RomanandearlySaxonsettlements; complex andtherest oftheRomansettlement,and Bath; therelationship betweenthetempleandbaths Bath, someofwhichare: thenature ofpre-Roman There are manymajorresearch questionsrelating to Research Questions weapons forasignificantperiodoftime. been afocusfortheritualdepositionoftoolsand river valleydepositsclosetotheHotSpringswillhave as yetunrealised potential.Itishighlylikelythatthese terraces oftheRiverAvon presents asignificantbut For theprehistoric period,thealluviatedgravel though potentiallyhigh,dependingontheconditions. of themedievalremains, however, islessclear as scheduledancientmonuments.Thesignificance and Romanurbanarea benefitfrom beingdesignated significant, indeedmajorareas ofthecore medieval deposits havebeenclassifiedaspotentiallynationally For theRomanperiodmajorityofarchaeological overlooked byarchaeology. lives oftheworkingpopulationBath,previously substantial contributiontoanunderstandingofthe demolished inthe1960’s, hasalsomadea back-to-back housesoff theLowerBristolRoad, Recent investigationsofanearly19thcenturyrow of evidence fororiginalgarden layoutsandstables. Crescent andatCircus Mewshasproduced excellent Later archaeology surviveswellandworkat4,Royal Pump Room, the Concert Hall (now the main visitor Pump Room,theConcert Hall(nowthemainvisitor museum ofantiquity. The1897 extensiontothe brought aboutanew dimensiontothecity–thatof of theGreat Bath,Romanreservoir andWest Baths 1790s, andinthe19thcentury themajordiscoveries made duringthebuildingofPumpRoomin Pump Roomnowstands.Furtherdiscoverieswere statue ofSulisMinervaherself,neartowhere the the highlyimportantfindin1727ofhead made throughout the18thcentury, beginningwith since collapsedandbeenburied.Discoverieswere time, astheRomanbuildingscoveringithadlong existence oftheGreat Bathwasnotknownatthis bath (Queen’s Bath)tothesouthofSpring.The 16th centurywhenthecitycorporationbuiltanew curative bathovertheKing’s Springreservoir, andthe including the12thcenturywhenJohnofTours builta The bathshavebeenmodifiedonseveraloccasions, improving health. understanding ofthepotentialwatersfor were apartofthecomplex,indicatingearly rooms; andasmallerwarmpool.Curativerooms plunge andimmersionbaths;cold,warmhot two suitesofrooms (EastandWest Baths)with included: thecentralswimmingpool,Great Bath; onto thereligious site.Attheirheightthebaths Gradually thecomplexgrew andbathswere added the templeandaltar, foundinsitu. of thisprecinct, includingthepedimentandstepsof was asacrificialaltar. Many remains havebeenfound monumental buildings.Inthemiddleofthisprecinct building andstoodinalargeprecinct withother thrown intothewater. Thetemplewasaclassical thousands ofyears,withofferings totheGodsbeing much astheSpringshadbeenusedforseveral Bath Stone.Thisreservoir wasusedforworship, contained inalead-linedreservoir, probably builtof was constructedin65-75ADandthespring combination ofRomanandBritishgoddesses.This the King’s Springdedicated toSulisMinerva,a Before anybathswere built,atemplewaserected by museum, thePumpRoomandConcertHall. includes theRomantempleandbathcomplex over 7000yearsagointheMesolithicperiod.It This isafascinatingsitewithhistorythatbegan Roman BathsandPumpRoom Other elements importance. Ithasbeen at thecentre ofBathsocial Room hasbotharchitectural and historical amenity forlocalresidents andvisitors. ThePump education andresearch, as wellasbeingapopular north oftheAlps.Theyhave hugepotentialfor remains inBritain,andsomeofthebestSparemains Hadrian’s Wall, tobethefinestarchitectural Roman The Romanremains are considered, alongwith all thatGeorgianBathwasabout. throughout thecity. Socially, itstandsatthecentre of of thephysicalandsocialimprovements taking place Georgian socialambitions,andstandsasareflection The PumpRoomisoneofthemainexpressions of between theAbbeyChurch andBathStreet area. Church Yard andcreates anatmosphericlink colonnades, dominatestheapproach totheAbbey drink thespawaters.Thebuilding,withitstwo who comeeachyeartoeatintherestaurant and nevertheless appreciated bythethousandsofvisitors Baldwin’s GuildhallBanquetingHall,butitis be asricheitherWood’s AssemblyRoomsor The interior, attributedtoPalmer, isnotconsidered to it wasJohnPalmerwhofinishedthescheme(1799). The mainblockwasstartedin1789byBaldwin,but slightly lostwiththealterationstoBathsbehindit. colonnadeisnow The originalimpactofthissouthern colonnade initsfaçade,alsodesignedbyBaldwin. 1788-89 (Queen’s Baths)mirroring thenorth the northcolonnade.TheNewBathswere builtin and socialise,in1784ThomasBaldwinadded cater forthecrowds whocametodrinkthewaters entertainment. In1751thebuildingwasextendedto supplying thespawaters,andprovision formusical single storey, stonebuilding.There wasthepump, an orangerybyJohnHarvey, wasamuchsimpler, The firstPumpRoom,openedin1706theformof drinking ofthespawaters. of socialinteractionandentertainmentthe present dayithasbeenusedforitsintendedpurpose waters, andfrom thetimeofitsconstructionto place inBritainwhere itispossibletodrinkhotspring architecturally andconceptually. Itremains theonly The PumpRoomisaveryspecialbuilding,both Bath’s Romanpast. interpretationhistory themselvesastheVictorian of the public,andtheynowrepresent achapterof entrance) andTerrace, displayed thediscoveriesto Church Councilof StPeterandPaul. and thePumpRoom.It is ownedbytheParochial Church Yard, 13& 14CheapStreet, 3StallStreet forms agroup with6to14(consecutive) Abbey The AbbeyChurch isaGradeIlisted buildingand worship andtouristvisits. images ofBathandisafocalpointforbothlocal 19th centurythechurch isoneofthemost famous parish churches inthecountry. Finallyfinishedin the unfinished condition,andisnowoneofthegrandest building survivedtheReformation,thoughinan Norman cathedralwhichfellintodisrepair. The The AbbeyChurch wasbuilttoreplace thegreat aisle. survives isnowdisplayedintwowindowsthenorth 1942 andallthe17thcenturyheraldicglassthat timber. Thechurch wasdamagedintheairraidsof 1650 –1872.Before this,thenavewasroofed in the stonevaultednave,wasconstructedbetween choir. Oneofthemostnotablearchitectural features, up onwhatisnowtheeastwallofsouthaisle there are mutilatedremains andaNormanarch high the crossing. Littleoftheearlierchurch survives,but to thewestarch thatsupportedtheNormantowerat church whichpreceded it.Theeastendcorresponds occupies nomore thanthenavearea oftheNorman The church, begunin1499,iscruciformplanand Perpendicular stylebothwithinandwithout. Nonetheless, itremains remarkably truetoits buttresses erected onbothsidesofthenave. pinnacles addedtotheturrets andthehollowflying including thepolygonalturrets ofthetower, the owes agreat dealto19thcenturyrestoration, itsappearance complex andPumpRoom.Externally The church occupiesakeysiteadjacenttotheBaths Abbey Church Services. Council andare operatedbytheCouncil’s Heritage They are ownedbyBath&NorthEastSomerset Roman Bathsare aScheduledAncientMonument. Street, 3StallStreet, andtheAbbeyChurch. The (consecutive) AbbeyChurch Yard, 13&14Cheap is GradeIlisted,andformsagroup with6to14 The PumpRoom(withouttheConcertHallextension) for itsoriginalfunctions. activity fornearlythree hundred yearsandisstillused

63 Management Plan 2016-2022 64 Management Plan 2016-2022 Hospital. Grade IandII.Theyare ownedbySt.John’s The buildingsthatmakeupChapelCourtare amixof in thecity. examples ofJohnWood theElder’s useofclassicism hospital –andforcontainingsomeofthefirst significant elementofBath’s history–themedieval The complexofChapelCourtisimportant,bothasa Wood’s taste. reworking ofamedievalbuildingand,again,notto demolished). ChapelCourtHousewasanother Chandos HouseandBuildings(now several lodginghousesfortheDuke,including hospital. Wood wasalsocommissionedtobuild classical front overlookingthecourtyard ofthe previously wouldhavebeenrendered, andashlar stone rear elevationfacingBathStreet, which John Wood Housewastheresult, withitsrubble- for largescaledevelopmentswithwideopenspaces. lower floor, anarrangementthatdidnotsuithistaste redevelop theupperstorey withoutdemolishingthe private lodgingsabove.Wood wasaskedto The mainhospitalrangehadalmshousesbelowand John Wood settowork. several oftheleasesinandaround thehospitaland an opportunitytomakesomemoney, heacquired and hadnotfoundthelodgingstohisliking.Seeing stayed nearStJohn’s whenhevisitedBathin1726 Wood theEldertoredevelop thesite.Chandoshad the DukeofChandosengagedarchitect John is nowvisibledatesfrom theearly18thcentury, when site hasevolvedovermanycenturies.Muchofwhat St John’s Hospitalisanancient foundationandits Chapel Court directly related tothedomestic buildingsaround it. of individualhousesand created anurbanspacethat application ofasinglemonumental façadetoagroup considered tobethemostsuccessfulearly Queen Square isahighlyimportantdevelopment. Itis since beenrebuilt. 1942. Halfofitwascompletelydestroyed, andhas side washeavilydamagedinthebombingraids of create onelongfaçade,inadifferent style.The south to 1830 whenhein-filledthetwoflankingbuildings west sidewasaltered byJohnPinchtheYounger in some windowproportions havebeenaltered. The The mainnorthfaçadeislargelyuntouched,though the PrinceofWales. erected inthecentre ontheoccasionofvisit and laidoutasaformalgarden. Anobeliskwas area wasenclosedbyalowbalustrade(nowrailings) though withouttheformalpromenade. Thecentral The southsidewasbuiltmuchasWood intended, was flankedbytwobuildingsofhouseseach. with amansionfaçadeandenclosedforecourt, and The westsidewasbuiltfurtherbackfrom thesquare, complementary wing,istherefore somewhatsimpler. execution. Theeastside,whichwasintendedasa individual, domestichousesandisimpressive inits Britain ofasinglemonumentalfaçadeonrow of not. Thenorthsidewasthefirstsuccessfulusein Wood’s originalpalaceforecourt plan,thewestwas and whiletheeastnorthsideswere builtto During thecourseofbuilding,planswere altered completed in1736. Building startedin1728ontheeastsideandwas arrangement, withabroad promenade fronting it. separate building,from whichtoviewthepalace garden between.Thesouthsidewastobea with themainfaçadeonnorth,andaformal be builtgivingtheimpression ofapalaceforecourt, Square wasgrand:three sidesofthesquare were to working tohisdesigns.TheschemeforQueen sub-letbyWood each plotinturn tolocalbuilders, The landwasleasedtoWood byRobertGay, with his architectural talentsandinnovativetownplanning. Elder’s highambitionsfor remodelling Bath,revealing Queen Square isaprimeexampleofJohnWood the Queen Square National Trust. (including PalladianBridge) are ownedbythe Park CollegeandthePrior ParkLandscapeGarden Parks &Gardens. Themansionisowned by Prior Grade IontheEnglishHeritageRegisterofHistoric Palladian Bridge,andthegardens are registered Prior ParkisaGradeIlistedbuilding,asthe stone. principal elementofthestoryRalphAllenand Bath scale andtopographyofBath.Themansionisalso a demonstrates theapplicationofPalladianismto It isoneofJohnWood’s earliestworks,and Prior Parkisalessoninbotharchitecture andhistory. two lakes. wasbuiltin1756asadam forthe the oneatWilton, natural topography. ThePalladianBridge,acopyof Capability Brown, andtheytakeadvantageofthe advice firstfrom AlexanderPopeandlaterfrom skyline. Thegrounds were landscapedbyAllen,with building andparkisaprominent feature oftheBath view, withnaturalterracesslopinggentlyaway. The city gavethebuildingadvantageofatremendous stone mines,attheheadofacombeoverlooking The situationofthemansionhouse,closetoAllen’s altering theeastwing. is saidtohaveruinedWood’s classicalsymmetryby Allen’s clerkofworks,Richard Jones,tookoverand with Allenin1748andwasremoved from theproject. wing, pavilionandmansionhousebefore heargued Wood assimpleclassicism.Wood hadbuiltthewest design wasgrandandextensive,butdescribedby as anadvertisementforthelocalBathstone.The Wood theElderforRalphAllenin1733-50,famously The mansionofPriorParkwasdesignedbyJohn Prior Park business premises. They are individuallyowned,andare mostlyusedas The buildingsofQueenSquare are GradeIlisted. undeveloped landoutsidethecitywalls. Georgian buildingsinBath,onpreviously early construction,atatimewhenthere were few The impactofQueenSquare washeightenedbyits business premises. ownership andare usedashomes, hotelsand Grade I,II*andII.Thebuildings are inmixed and NorthParadewallbalustrade,are amixof Street andPierrepont Street, NorthParade Bridge The buildingsofNorthandSouthParade,withDuke construction. alterations thathavetakenplacesincetheir special andunusualbuildingsdespitethefabric architectural ambitionsforBath,theParades are very As physicalmanifestationsofJohnWood’s huge town planning. but servestoillustrateagaintheambitionofWood’s fronts. Thegrandioseschemewasnevercompleted, with alterationstowindowsandtheinsertionofshop this hascontinuedintothe19thand20thcentury proportions, particularlytotheraisedterraces,and in constructionwhensometenantsbegantochange constructed. AlterationstotheParadesbeganeven sidewere and sothebuildingsoneastern never The schemefortheRoyalForumwasabandoned breaking theuniformityofstreet façade. constructed togiveaccessOrchard Street without Portico, onthewestsideofPierrepont Street was Streets, withfacingblocksofhouses.StJames’ elevations. Eastandwestwere Pierrepont andDuke a freehand layoutandrear withtheinternal undertook tocomplywiththosedesigns,whilstgiven designed thefaçadesandeachindividualbuilder Royal Forum,startedin1743.Asusual,Wood constructed, withSouthParade,overlookingthe The Grand,orNorth,Paradewasthefirsttobe visual elementofthesite. Avon, itneverseemstohavebeenintendedasa the siteisbordered ontheeastsidebyRiver place before buildingcouldbeginin1740.Though boggy andalargedrainagesystemhadtobein area chosen,AbbeyOrchard, wasnaturallyvery similar tothepalacefaçadeofQueenSquare. The overlooking theRoyalForumandbuiltinagrandstyle parades ofbuildings,eachwithlargeterraces focus forthecity. Theopenarea wouldbelinedby Bath wasaRoyalForum,toprovide anewsocial Part ofJohnWood theElder’s overallschemefor North ParadeandSouth private homes. and isinmixedownership. Thebuildingsare mostly spaces withinthecity. TheCircus isGradeIlisted space andtheimportance ofproviding outdoorsocial ideas ontherelationship betweenpublicandprivate Wood’s designsforBathandreflects directly his architecture andtownplanning.Itwas centralto The Circus holdsauniqueplaceinbothBritish retention ofthegarden space. in order tomaintainsomeharmonyofdesign andthe elevations ofthehousewere notpermittedtostretch, Wood specifiedthedistancebeyondwhich rear garden behind,asapartofWood’s overalldesign. never erected. Eachhousewasgivenawalled intended tocontainastatueofKingGeorgethatwas The centralarea wasoriginallypavedandleftopen, requirements. allowed tocatertheirclient’s personal where, intheusualpractice,eachbuilderwas accentuated bythedisparityofrear elevations ancient times).Theunityofthefaçadesis Bladud andthepigsdiscoveringHotSpringsin (linkingtheCircus acorns tothelegendofPrince orders are used,andcrowned byaparapetforstone a uniformfrontage height.Three different classical varying insize,butallhavethree principalstoreys and The segmentscontaindifferent numbersofbuildings, form oftheCircus untilarrivalatthetopofhill. was designedsothatnothingrevealed ofthe buildings surrounding it.Theapproach upGayStreet creating anenclosedspacethatrelates onlytothe other thanthebuildingsofCircus, thereby entrance roads, noneofwhichgivevistasanything buildings around anopenarea. There are three The Circus consistsofthree equalsegmentsof son, alsonamedJohnWood. laid in1754,andtheCircus wascompletedbyhis dimensions. Wood diedsoonafterthefirststonewas by theformofStonehenge,asthere are similaritiesin many years.Wood mayhavebeendirectly influenced Circus, whichhavebeenthefocusfordiscussion appears tobemuchsymbolisminthedetailsof and nativeBritisharchitecture andbeliefs.There the dramaoffaçades,withhisinterests inRoman planning, understandingofclassicalarchitecture and Wood theElder’s work,combining histalentfortown Many believethattheCircus isthepinnacleofJohn Circus private homes. are inmixedownershipandare mostly usedas The RoyalCrescent isGradeIlisted.Thebuildings is equaltoanycompositioninEurope. Britain ofthePicturesque tourbanarchitecture, and scale.Itmarkstheintroduction and international in influenced architecture bothinBathandonanational reputation forsolong.TheRoyalCrescent directly impact onarchitecture orheldsuchaniconic There are fewothercrescents thathavehadsuch is ofcrucialimportanceforitssettingandviews. the RoyalCrescent, Park, nowpartofRoyalVictoria retention ofgreen openspaceinfront ofthelawn the remaining interiorsare largelyoriginal.The were guttedduringthebombingraidsof1942,but has changed.Two ofthehouses,numbers2and17, windows havebeenaltered. Butotherthanthis,little As withsomanyoftheGeorgianbuildings,sash started in1767,withthelastcompleted1775. end,was first house,number1ontheeastern plan butformauniform,semiellipticalfaçade.The for itselegance.Thethirtyhousesdiffer insizeand severe initsrestraint, relying onscaleandproportions In contrasttotheCircus, theRoyalCrescent is any ofJohnWood theElder’s plans. the citytoruralhillsbeyond,combinematch buildings, thehugefront lawnandtheviewsacross The situationoftheCrescent, theformalityof Crescent isonlyapparent astheendisapproached. subdued architecturally, andthemagnificenceof The approach alongBrock Street isdeliberately Elder’s death,theideafor RoyalCrescent maybehis. construction beganthirteenyearsafterWood the pieces ofGeorgianarchitecture. However, whilst Younger contrivedoneofthemostoutstanding In thegreat traditionofhisfather, JohnWood the Royal Crescent rectangular apartmentontheeast front. was theadditionofanother card room, alarge every otherpublicbuilding inBath.Anearlyalteration The magnificenceofthe interiorsovershadowed became thefocusforsocial lifeintheuppertown. octagonal Card RoomandTea Room,andquickly The RoomsoriginallycontainedaBallRoom, opened in1771. tontine subscription.Theywere begunin1769 and designed byJohnWood theYounger andpaidforby between BennettStreet andAlfred Street, were this area. TheNeworUpperAssemblyRooms, need grew foradditionalassemblyrooms toserve growth oftheuppertownasaresidential area, a throughout thecentury, butbythe1760s,with Harrison’s Walks. Theywere extensivelyremodelled Thomas Harrison,situatedonTerrace Walk by The firstassembly rooms were builtin1708by Assembly Rooms lease. Theindividualunitsare usedformixedretail. & NorthEastSomersetandletoutonalong-term Pulteney BridgeisGradeIlisted.ItownedbyBath development ofBathwickasaresidential area. spatial needsoftheexpandingtown,requiring the the grandeurof18thcenturyBathsocietyand Canaletto in1743/4.Historically, thebridgerepresents Bridge across theGrandCanalinVenice, depictedby proposed designbyAndrea PalladiofortheRialto classical Palladianisminthisform.Itresembles a Architecturally thebridgeisarare exampleof overhanging projections removed. visually accessible,hasbeenrestored andthe different totheoriginalplans.Thesouthside,more been muchaltered, andonthenorthsideare quite due tosubsidence.Thebuildings,however, have much asbuilt,withsomealterationsmadein1804 his grandscheme.Thestructure ofthebridgeisvery were rejected andthebridgeissolesurvivorof development fortheBathwickestate,buthisplans Originally thebridgewaspartofAdam’s extensive of Bath. Bathwick, PulteneyBridgeisanotherenduringimage Pulteney toallowdevelopmentacross theriverin Built byRobertAdamin1769-74forSirWilliam Pulteney Bridge ironwork isparticularly fineonthesebuildings andis crescent andconvex steppedupflankingwings.The contours andslopesofthe hill,withaconcavecentral The classicaldesignskilfully incorporatesboththe Bath’s architectural history. to afullappreciation ofthisimportantepisode in protected from development,recognised ascentral hill infront oftheCrescent. Thisrough pasture fieldis context issecured bytheruralfieldslopingdown view ofthesurrounding hillsandtheirimmediaterural level. Thehighsettinggivesthehousesapanoramic Royal Crescent anditslandscapesettingtoanother landscape. Palmer’s designstooktheexampleof slopes ofLansdownHillsitcomfortablyinthe city, thesinuouslinesofbuildingsfollowing Situated inoneofthemoststrikingpositions builders involvedwithitwere ruinedthatyear. financial crashof1793.Severalthespeculating is oneofthelastcrescents tobebuiltbefore the Spackman, awealthycoachbuilderanddeveloper. It was designedbyJohnPalmerforCharles Built between1789and1793,LansdownCrescent Lansdown Crescent Museum whichislocatedinthebasement. Rooms tothepublicandoperateFashion Bath &NorthEastSomersetCouncil,whoopenthe owned bytheNationalTrust andletonaleaseto The AssemblyRoomsare GradeIlisted.Theyare original. finest interiorsinthecity, thoughsadlynolonger 18th century. Architecturally, theyhaveoneofthe aspirations andstatusofthetownthroughout the society andare aphysicalreminder ofthegrowing The AssemblyRoomswere centraltoGeorgian of thestoneworkinTea Room. The extensivefire damageisstillvisibleinthecolour completed in1963andthebuildingwasreopened. refurbished byBathCityCouncil.Restorationwas in 1942andconsequentlygutted,havingjustbeen The AssemblyRoomswere hitbyincendiarybombs examples oftheirkindintheworld. acknowledged asthefinestin-situ18thcentury function ofpublicentertainments.Thechandeliersare The Roomsare stillusedtodayfortheiroriginal

65 Management Plan 2016-2022 66 Management Plan 2016-2022 to theTrustees Holburne’s ofSirWilliam artcollection. College from 1853-1880)andasmall area ofgardens the Tavern building(used by theBathProprietary when BathCityCouncil bought thewholesite,selling transfer tomunicipalpark wascompletedby1912 reflecting thechangingtastesofpublic.The with bandstand,croquet, archery and lawntennis, purposes, andinthe1860sgardens were laidout Further encroachments tookplaceforbuilding waning. altered andthepopularityofgardens wasalready their connectingpaths.Bythistime,Bathsociety had gardensisolating alargesectionofthenorthern from gardens, destroying thelabyrinth,perimeterwalkand Western Railwaycutthrough thecentre ofthe The railwaywasanothermatter. In1840,theGreat wrought iron bridgesbecominganotherattraction. gardens butratherenhancedit,withthetwobeautiful east end,didnotdiminishthepopularityof and Avon canalin1800-1,cuttingthegardens atthe encounters oftheperiod.ThearrivalKennet gardens were thesceneofsomebestsocial fresco dining,lawns,groves, andwaterfeatures, the Laid outwithwindingpaths,pavilionsforprivateal fashion forpolitesocietyentertainmentvenues. Vauxhall Gardens inLondon,thentheheightof profit makingenterprisebuilttorivalthe reputation of before thehotelconstructionwasstarted,were a at theedgeofGeorgianBath.Thegardens, opened estate, SydneyGardens are nowsomewhatstranded House), asafocalpointforBaldwin’s Bathwick conjunction withtheTavern (knownasSydney end ofitshighpopularity. Originallydesignedin represent afocusforthesocietyofBathtowards the These pleasure grounds were openedin1795,and Sydney Gardens private homes. The buildingsare inmixedownershipandare mostly architecture. LansdownCrescent isGradeIlisted. design andtheterracecrescent inBritish This developmentrepresents theheightoflandscape damage duringthebombingraids. have suffered littlealterationandonlysomesmall Beckford tohousehislibrary.William Thebuildings Crescent and1LansdownPlaceWest wasbuiltby original. Thearchway between20Lansdown park byBath&NorthEastSomersetCouncil. Gardens. Theyare ownedandoperatedasapublic English HeritageRegisterofHistoricParks& Sydney Gardens are registered GradeIIonthe century. story ofGeorgianBathtowards theendof18th sociability oftheGeorgians.Itisanintegralpart to thedevelopmentofpublicentertainmentsand The historicalimportanceofSydneyGardens relates funded project isunderdiscussion. twenty yearslateramore comprehensive lottery park andrestore someoftheoriginallayoutand remove developmentswithinthe someofthemodern Bath CityCouncilbeganarestoration programme to MuseumofArt),openedin1916.In1995 Holburne ofMenstrieMuseum(nowthe The Holburne Brunel’s Great Western Railway, Sydney Gardens Museum,SydneyGardensThe Holburne 67 Management Plan 2016-2022 68 Management Plan 2016-2022 Steering Group Heritage Site of theWorld terms ofreference Membership and Appendix 5

Plan. principles, objectivesand actionsoftheManagement All SteeringGroup membersshould supportthe of theWorld HeritageSite. range ofkeybodiesinterested inthefuture well-being Steering Group isintendedtorepresent the wide fields ofworkwithintheManagementPlan.The The compositionoftheSteeringGroup reflects the keep informedofWorld Heritagematters. the implementationofManagementPlanand Site ManagementPlan.Itwilloverseeprogress on implementation oftheCityBathWorld Heritage The SteeringGroup istheprincipalbodytoguide Terms ofReference (adopted2009) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The membershipincludes: the Site,andothersfrom varioussectorsinthecity. with managementinterests andresponsibilities for representatives oflocalandnationalorganisations non-executive committeeconsistingof The SteeringGroup,a whichfirstmetin2001,is Membership CURO HousingAssociation Avon LocalCouncilsAssociation Bath CharterTrustees Bath Tourism Plus Bath SpaUniversity University ofBath Bath PrimarySchools Bath BusinessDistrict Bath Preservation Trust Bath ChamberofCommerce Bath FederationofResidents’Associations The NationalTrust ICOMOS UK Historic England papers butdonotattend) Department forCulture, MediaandSport(receive Bath &NorthEastSomersetCouncil independent Chair. frequently ifrequired. TheGroup willhavean The Group willmeeteverysixmonths,ormore other groups involvedinimplementation. of communicationbetweentheSteeringGroup and The World HeritageManagerwillprovide thechannel and whichare betterdealtwithinotherfora. discussing mattersbeyondtheremit oftheGroup Plan. Meetingswillnotbeusedasaforumfor on deliveringtheWorld HeritageSiteManagement The businessofSteeringGroup meetingswillfocus • • • • • • • The mainfunctionsoftheSteeringGroup are to: members mustdeclare it. experience. Where aconflictofinterest arises, may beco-optedforparticularskills,knowledgeor represent theirpersonalinterests. Somemembers organisations thathavenominatedthemorto fields ofwork.Theyare notthere tolobbyforthe Members attendmeetingstorepresent particular World Heritageissues Act asaforumfortheexchangeofinformationon Plan Oversee thesix-yearlyreview oftheManagement Maintain opendialoguebetweenmembers Heritage Siteinthecommunity Promote theManagementPlanandWorld Support andadvisetheWHManager implementation Make strategicdecisionsaboutthedirection of their progress annually Agree thethree-year workprogrammes andreview World HeritageManager. Development, theHeadofHeritageServicesand the Regeneration, theDivisionalDirector for Environment, theDivisionalDirector forCommunity Development, theMemberChampionforHistoric These includetheCabinetMemberforEconomic number ofrepresentatives ontheSteeringGroup. Given therangeofresponsibilities theCouncilhasa Heritage EnhancementFund. also themainfinancialsupporterof World although thisisanindependentrole. TheCouncilis appointment oftheSteeringGroup Chairperson, Day. TheCouncilfacilitatestheselectionand as wellaseriesofeventsincludingWorld Heritage Steering Group andfundstheproduction oftheplan Manager, provides thesecretariat fortheWHS the site.Ittherefore employsthefull-timeWHS follows thattheCouncilisnaturalleadsteward for property andawiderangeofotherfunctions,it interpretation, historicrecords, publicopenspaces, planning, highwaysandtransport,museums Given theresponsibilities oftheCouncilwithregard to Museum. museums includingtheRomanBathsandFashion property, muchofithistoric,plusnationallyimportant landowner, owningaround 60%ofcitycentre within theB&NESdistrict.Theauthorityisamajor combined. ThewholeoftheWorld HeritageSitelies non-metropolitan countyanddistrictcouncil unitary authoritywiththepowersandfunctionsofa Bath andNorthEastSomerset(B&NES)Councilisa Bath &NorthEastSomersetCouncil regard toSteeringGroup membership: statements explainingtheirrole andcontributionwith members were askedtosupplysupporting In preparing thismanagementplan,SteeringGroup Supporting Statements managed andaccessed. ensure thelandscapeisbetterunderstood,valued, quality. TheBathscapepartnershipisworkingto and underusedleadingtoadeclineinenvironmental The landscapehasbecomeundervalued,neglected communities withBath’s uniquelandscapesetting. Bathscape aimstoreconnect peopleand Bathscape LandscapePartnershipScheme. Lottery Fundtoobtaingrantfundingforthe organisations collaboratinginabidtotheHeritage Chair ofBathscape,aproject board ofpartner and developgoodpractice. raise awareness through research, projects orevents ICOMOS-UK/IUCN-UK LandscapeWorking Group; the European LandscapeConventionwiththe cultural landscapes;promote theimplementationof development proposals orguidancerelating to members meetregularly to:review andcommenton landscape dimensionofWorld HeritageSites.Its Committee takesaparticularinterest inthecultural Landscapes andHistoricGardens Committee,this environment. MemberofICOMOS-UKCultural and organisationsinvolvedwiththehistoric have developedakeenawareness ofthekeyissues Trust andChairoftheirConservationCommittee,I Environment AdvisoryGroup. Director oftheGardens Council andappointedmemberoftheirHistoric Committee, IamalsoamemberoftheNationalTrust Steering Group andChairoftheWHSResearch Active memberoftheBathWorld HeritageSite conservation education. conservation research andmulti-disciplinary landscape andculturalhistorian.Ispecialisein Higher EducationAcademy. Writer, architectural, the UniversityofWestminster andFellowofthe ProfessorStudies attheUniversityofBath,Visiting at isaSeniorLecturerDr MarionHarney andDirector of University ofBath and itssurroundings. sustained improvements totheconditionofcity heritage regeneration, constructiveconservationand Core StrategyandPlacemakingPlan,guides further the ManagementPlancomplementsB&NES management oftheWHS.We willhelpensure that provides asoundframeworkforthepositive and deliveryofanambitiousManagementPlanthat work withtheSteeringGroup, inthedevelopment As aconsequencewelookforward tocontinuing to play. a meaningfulManagementPlanhasanimportantrole including worldheritage,HistoricEnglandrecognises Government’s adviserforthehistoricenvironment, ensure effective planningandmanagement.Asthe requires acommitmentfrom allkeypartnersto reputation touristdestination, asaninternational Sustaining Bath’s OutstandingUniversalValue and of theBathWHSManagementPlan. advice, andanationalperspective,tothepreparation has welcomedtheopportunitytooffer on-going As amemberofitsSteeringGroup, HistoricEngland Historic England City. and effective residents’ movementthroughout the spirit andencouragingthedevelopmentofastrong Bath whichmayaffect residents, fosteringcommunity communicating informationaboutdevelopmentsin 26 ResidentsAssociationsandsixAffiliatemembers, exchanging opinionsandmutualhelpbetweenthe amenities oftheCityasaWorld HeritageSiteby seeks toprotect andenhancetheenvironment and a memberoftheWHSSGandonbehalfFoBRAhe the World HeritageSiteSteeringGroup (WHSSG).As Authority andotherrelevant organisationsincluding Bath byrepresenting theirinterests totheLocal promote theinterests oftheresidents oftheCity Residents’ Associations(FoBRA)whichaimsto Nick Tobin oftheFederationBath isVice-Chairman Federation ofBathResidents’Associations Advisory Board oftheNational Trust. the BathBridgeand South West Regional she isavolunteermember oftheBathCityForum, BPT’s ChiefExecutive.Aswellas her role withBPT Caroline, Kay, whositson theSteeringGroup, is within theWorld HeritageSite. the Council,anEnhancementFundforsmallprojects manages, inpartnershipwiththeSteeringGroup and students onitseducationalprogramme. BPTalso as wellover1000localschoolanduniversity welcoming around 75,000visitorsthrough itsdoors general public,BPTruns4museumsintheCity, of eventsandstudydaysforitsmembersthe local (non-statutory)consulteeandproviding aseries As wellasengagingintheplanningprocess asa objects andtheaimsofWHSmanagementplan. There istherefore astrong fitbetweenitscharitable • • • society. Setupin1934,itaimsto: Bath Preservation Trust (BPT) isalocalamenity Bath Preservation Trust new schoolandcommunityfacilities. Park atFoxhill,whichwillcreate 700newhomes,a as majordevelopmentschemesincludingMulberry Georgian basementsintouseasnewhomes,well includes significantinvestmenttobringdisused and economicbenefitstothelocalcommunity. This programme ofregeneration deliversphysical,social Georgian homesinthecitycentre. Curo’s affordable housinginBath,andownnearly600 of England.Theyare theprincipleprovider of owns andmanages13,000homesacross theWest Curo isanot-for-profit housingassociationwhich Curo heritage ofBath. museums, relating tothehistoryandarchitectural Provide educationalresources, for, inparticular (and topromote itsfullestenjoymentbythepublic); beauty ofthecountrysidearound theCityofBath Protect andpreserve publicrightsofwayandthe City ofBath; architectural orpublicinterest inandaround the character, amenitiesandbuildingsofhistorical, protection, developmentandimprovement ofthe architecture andtosecure thepreservation, Promote highstandards ofplanningand

69 Management Plan 2016-2022 70 Management Plan 2016-2022 Bibliography Bibliography Selected Appendix 6

and theInventionofBath . London:Profile Books. Autocrat:BeauNash Eglin, J.(2005)TheImaginary Elliott, K.(2004)Bath.London:FrancesLincoln. PublishingLtd. and Reality.Lancaster:Carnegie Davis, G.Bonsall,P. ofBath:Image (2006)AHistory Preservation Trust. 2008:v.Davis, G.(2008)BathHistory 11 . Bath:Bath Davis, G.(2007)BathExposed.Bath:SulisPress. 7-26. , 8(1): Development ofaRomantown’.BathHistory Davenport, P. (2000)‘AquaeSulis:TheOriginsand Abbot: DavidandCharles. Curl, J.S.(2002)GeorgianArchitecture.Newton Bath, London:Batsford /EnglishHeritage Cunliffe, B.(1995)EnglishHeritageBookofRoman Sutton Cunliffe, B.(1986)TheCityofBath.Gloucester: Georgian City.London:Viking. Cruikshank, D.&Burton,N.(1990)Lifeinthe Bath: Millstream Books VolumeBuchanan, B.J.etal,(2005)BathHistory X. Show. Stroud: TheHistoryPress Ltd. Brown, D.andSpence,C.(2010)Bath:Cityon Baths. London:ScalaPublicationsLtd. Bird, S.andCunliffe, B.(2006)TheEssentialRoman Haven: Yale UniversityPress. 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(2009) Miller, F. P., Vandome, A.F. andMcBrewster, J. District. Charleston:BiblioBazaar, LLC. Meehan, J.F. (2010)FamousHousesofBath& Planning inBath’.BathHistory, 8(1):172-194. Lambert, R.(2000)‘PatrickAbercrombie and Architects andArchitecture.Bath:Ashgrove Press. Bath Jackson, N.(1998)NineteenthCentury 1700-1830. Bath:Kingsmead. Ison, W. (1980)TheGeorgianBuildingsofBathfrom Gardens ofAvon. Bristol:Avon Gardens Trust. Harding, S.andLambert,D.eds.(1994)Parks Guides. NewHaven:Yale UniversityPress Forsyth, M.(2003)Bath:PevsnerArchitectural Michael Russell – AndAfter:ARecordIndictment.Salisbury: Fergusson, A.andMowl,T. (1989)TheSackofBath . 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for%20Bath%20%26%20NES_2012-14_FINAL.pdf for%20Bath%20%26%20NES_2012-14_FINAL.pdf dbimgs/Destination%20Marketing%20Strategy%20 Available from: http://channels.visitbath.co.uk/ Bath andNorthEastSomerset2012-2014[Online] Bath (2012)ADestinationMarketingStrategyfor Visit Nottingham: BritishGeologicalSurvey. (CR/12/055) Hydrocarbon andOtherExplorationProduction. Council andSurroundingAreawithRespectto theBathandNorthEastSomerset Problems Within Smith, N.J.P. andDarling,W. G.(2012)Potential file/6077/2116950.pdf uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/ Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/ (2012) Department forCommunitiesandLocalGovernment pdf bath_transport_strategy_-_final_issue_web_version. sites/default/ files/sitedocuments/getting_around_ [Online] Available from: http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/ Getting AroundBath:ATransport StrategyforBath Bath andNorthEastSomersetCouncil(2014) report_141030_low_res_0.pdf gov.uk/sites/ default/files/masterplan_vision_ 2029 [Online]Available from: http://www.bathnes. City RiversideEnterpriseAreaMasterPlan2014- Bath andNorthEastSomersetCouncil(2014) (revised). Implementation oftheWorld HeritageConvention UNESCO. (2002)OperationalGuidelinesforthe Authenticity. UNESCO. (1995)TheNaraDeclarationon [Online] National PlanningPolicyFramework[Online]

71 Management Plan 2016-2022 Copies of this plan may be downloaded from www.bathworldheritage.org.uk The World Heritage Manager The Pump Room Stall Street Bath BA1 1LZ Tel: 01225 477584 bathworldheritagesite @bathwhs Email: [email protected]