Consultation Draft May 2016 O N IM D R T IA

the city of

World Heritage SITE Management Plan 2016-2022

NIO MU Consultation Draft May 2016 O N IM D R T IA

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H O E M R I E T IN AG O E • PATRIM

Supported by Members of the City of Bath World Heritage Site Steering Group have played an active role in producing this document and are committed to the vision and the ongoing implementation of this plan. Contents

Foreword 4 Chapter 3: Significance of the site Chapter 5: Issues, challenges & opportunities Appendices 3.1 Introduction 14 5.1 Introduction 28 1 Maps 46 Preface 5 3.2 Statement of Outstanding 5.2 How the issues were gathered 28 I. World Heritage Site Boundary 47 Universal Value 14 5.3 How the issues are used 28 and Setting Vision 6 3.3 Attributes of Outstanding 5.4 Priorities 28 II. Bath Conservation Area 48 Universal Value 15 III. Green Belt 49 Executive Summary 7 5.5 Managing development 29 3.4 Other cultural value 19 5.6 Transport 30 IV. Cotswolds Area of Outstanding 3.5 Natural Value 19 Natural Beauty 50 Chapter 1: Introduction 5.7 Public realm 30 V. Historic Parks and Gardens 51 Chapter 4: Management of the site 5.8 Interpretation 30 1.1 The City of Bath World Heritage Site 8 VI. Scheduled Ancient Monuments 52 5.9 Education 32 1.2 What is World Heritage? 8 4.1 Introduction 20 2 History of the site 54 5.10 Environmental resilience 32 1.3 The need for a Management Plan 8 4.2 Bath World Heritage Site: 3 Justification for inscription 58 5.11 Conservation 32 1.4 Scope and status of the plan 9 The story so far achievements 4 Inventory of selected key elements 5.12 Funding 34 1.5 Preparation and structure of the plan 9 under the previous plan 20 of the site 62 5.13 Research 34 1.6 Aims 9 4.3 Ownership 22 5 Membership and terms of reference 4.4 Other key stakeholders 23 5.14 Accessibility and inclusivity 34 of the World Heritage Site Steering Chapter 2: Description of the site 4.5 Management systems 23 5.15 Visitor management 34 Group 68 2.1 Introduction 10 4.6 International management 24 5.16 Administrative management 35 6 Summary of current Interpretation 2.2 Location 10 4.7 National and local management 24 5.17 Objectives 36 Provision 70 7 Selected bibliography 72 2.3 Boundary 10 4.8 Planning, policy and Chapter 6: Implementation & action plan 2.4 Setting 10 legislative framework 24 6.1 Introduction 38 2.5 Summary history of the site 10 4.9 National Planning Policy 24 6.2 About the actions 38 2.6 A living city – Bath today 12 4.10 Environmental Impact Assessments 24 6.3 Implementation 38 2.7 Condition of the site 13 4.11 Design and Access Statements 24 6.4 Action Plan 39 2.8 Key facts 13 4.12 Heritage Statements/ Heritage Impact Assessments 24 4.13 Local planning policy 24 4.14 The Development Plan 25 4.15 Protection of the Hot Springs 25 4.16 Other management mechanisms 25 4.17 Funding Incentives 25 4.18 Analysis of current management 25 4.19 Risk management 26 4.20 Monitoring 26 4 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 Intentionally blank–tobeadded. Foreword commend themforyour attention. intention toengenderaconstructive debate.Ido Consultative WHSManagement Planwiththe Resilience. Theyare tobefoundinChapter5ofthe Interpretation, Educationand Environmental Development, Transportation, thePublicRealm, the core prioritiesfortheWHS; namelyManaging Workshop furtheraideddeliberations tofinallyagree period. Thewellattended2015Stakeholder action blockstodeliverthecomingsixyearplan determined toconcentrateonidentifyingthebuilding During 2014theBathWHSSteeringGroup heritage. and backedbytestedmethodsofcaringforWHS Conservation isalsorecognised tobeingoodhands of theBathWHSforjobcreation andretention. diversity. Employersregularly alludetotheattractions businesses captured withinaplatformofcultural attractions ofreal benefittobothlocalpeopleand population, thedevelopmentofhighqualityvisitor The 2010-2016PlanseesaWHSgainrising ownership, securityandcivicpride. through toretain centuriesofhistoricalgovernance but alsotobuildupontheattributesbestowed only influencetheon-goingmaintenanceofsite, working intheWorld HeritageSitecontinuetonot Today’s citizenswhethertheyare livingand/or of justover29square kilometres. natural andbuiltenvironments setinalandmasssite centuries ofhistoricalinterplayfashionedwithinthe cited bytheUNESCOinscriptiondrawsupon dramatic landscape.Theoutstandinguniversalvalue 1987 asalivingcitysetwithinbeautifuland significance,inscribedbyUNESCOin international The BathWorld HeritageSiteistrulyacentre of World Heritage Site of theCityBath Preface from theChair Steering Group Chair oftheCityBathWorld HeritageSite Peter Metcalfe behalf Ihavepleasure ofsigningoff thedocument. this third WHSManagementPlanandonwhose patience andeffort theyhavegiventothecreation of colleagues ontheSteeringGroup forthetime, I wouldliketotakethisopportunitythankallmy coming sixyearperiod. matrix formonitoringUNESCO’s expectationsinthe businesses andvisitorsalikedoesimplyaunifying with qualityoflifebenefitsforlivingcommunities, Outstanding UniversalValue oftheBathWHS.These monitoring allpositiveandadverseimpactsuponthe Group doesnaturallyrecognise theimportanceof the questionof‘SustainableUse’.TheSteering Bath WHSManagementPlan,2016to2022posed UNESCO’s guidanceforthepreparation ofthisthird

5 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 6 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 wellbeing of thelocalcommunity. World Heritage statuswillcontinuetobeused tosupportandfurtherthevitality its OutstandingUniversal Value, beautyandcharacter. Bath willbeaccessible andenjoyabletoall;asitethatunderstands andcelebrates Site itself,oritssetting. development thatwouldharmtheOutstanding UniversalValue ofthe World Heritage influential asmajorinterventions.There willbeastrong presumption against proposals forchange,recognising thatsmall-scaleincremental changecanbeas The impactupontheOutstandingUniversal Value willbeakeyconsideration inall communities andorganisations. founded onstrong andeffective partnershipsoflocal,nationalandinternational It willbeacentre ofexcellenceforurbanheritagemanagementand conservation, and enhancementoftheuniqueheritagewhichisworld-widesignificance. needs ofaninventiveandentrepreneurial 21stcenturyplacewiththeconservation Bath willbeanexemplarofsustainableurbanmanagement,strivingtobalance the conserved andenhancedforthisfuture generations. The OutstandingUniversalValue oftheCityBathWorld HeritageSitewillbe Vision plan priorities. which thesitewasinscribed. Thisisreflected inthe whilst sustainingtheOutstandingUniversalValue for further phaseofconsiderablegrowth andchange The principalchallengeinthisplanistodelivera plan periods. Mission of2008.Muchwasachievedduringboth from the lessonslearnt UNESCO/ICOMOS significant developmentpressure andsoughttoapply (2010-2016) appliedthesesystemsinthefaceof and guidelineswere inplace.Thesecondplan of managementandensuringappropriate policies (2003 –2009)concentratedonestablishingsystems The firstBath World HeritageSiteManagementPlan to deliveringtheaimsofplan. and experiencednetworkofstakeholderscommitted place toensure thiscontinues.Italsohasastrong management systems,bothlocallyandnationally, in has alongtraditionofcaringforitsheritageand few examplesofderelict orabandonedbuildings.It good. Thecitycanbedescribedasprosperous, with The current stateofconservationinBathisvery outstanding heritage. must bebalancedwithconservationofthe city means thatalloftheneedsathrivingmodern paralleled inveryfewothersitesworld-wideand suburb orindividualmonuments.Thisisasituation inscription coverstheentire city, notjustthecentral Bath World HeritageSiteisexceptionalinthatthe 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Outstanding UniversalValue, canbesummarisedas: 1987. Thereasons forinscription,orkeyattributesof The CityofBathWorld HeritageSitewasinscribedin Executive Summary social ambitions Georgian architecture reflecting 18thcentury The green settingoftheCityinahollowhills Georgian architecture Georgian townplanning The hotsprings Roman Archaeology heritage management. of BathWorld HeritageSiteisanexemplarofurban plan seeksto‘raisethebar’andensure thattheCity heritage property isalready ingoodcondition.This This isanoptimisticandambitiousplan.Theworld • • • • • The prioritiesofthisplanare therefore: carefully monitored andhandled. potentially impactingonthehotspringsneedstobe green settingofBath,floodingandmineralextraction Finally, environmental issuessuchasprotection ofthe needs tobedelivered. World HeritageInterpretation Centre, whichnow done toaddress this,includingtheprospect ofa another prioritycarriedforward. Muchworkhasbeen Interpretation andeducationsurrounding thesiteis priority issue. this, inthefaceofdiminishingpublicfunds,remains a buildings. Addressing andfinancinga response to isofteninapoorer modern, conditionthanthe The publicrealm ofthecity, bothhistoricand and deliverywillbewithinthisplanperiod. strategy hasrecently beenadoptedtoaddress this an on-goingchallenge.Anambitioustransport Moving peopleaboutwithinthehistoricsettlementis generation. Deliveringthissensitivelyisapriority. physical changethatthecityhasseenfora enterprise area willrepresent themostsignificant re-development, andthis‘BathCityRiverside’ which formallyhousedheavyindustryisundergoing moving in.Asignificantswatheofthevalleyfloor traditional employersmovingout,andnewindustry The economyofthecityischanging,withformer Environmental Resilience Interpretation andEducation Public Realm Transport Managing Development

7 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 1

8 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 Introduction UNESCO OperationalGuidelines Organization (UNESCO).Theyare defined,inthe Nations EducationalScientificandCultural WHS are designatedandadministered bytheUnited 1.2 management are essential. adopting aparticipatoryapproach to balance betweenconservationandchange, for whichthesitewasinscribed.Achievinga liveswithinthehistoricbuildings living modern original functionproviding homesforpeople of the5,000listedbuildingscontinueintheir people livewithinthesiteboundary, andmany nowhere isthismore apparent thanhere. 88,859 meeting theneedsofalivingcommunity, but between theneedtopreserve monumentsand world. Allurbanconservationrequires abalance is situationrarely seenanywhere elseinthe inscription coverstheentire urbanarea, which The CityofBathisanexceptionalWHS. archaeology withinathrivinglocalcommunity. iconofarchitectureinternational and daywhenBathisan Britons tothemodern Hot Springswere aplaceofworshipforthe over 6millennia,from itsearliestdayswhenthe for socialhistory. Thehistoryofthecityextends archaeological remains anditsrole asasetting architecture, town-planning,landscape, Outstanding UniversalValue (OUV)forits (WHS) since1987,recognised asaplaceof The CityofBathhasbeenaWorld HeritageSite 1.1 World Heritagelist inscribed andBathisaculturalsite.TheUNESCO humanity’. Cultural,naturalormixedsitesmaybe importance forpresent and future generationsofall transcend nationalboundariesandtobeofcommon which containOUVis‘soexceptionalasto heritage accreditation. remains themostprestigious andhighlyrespected Heritage ‘properties’, World Heritageinscription India. Despitethere nowbeing over1,000World the AustralianGreat Barrier ReefandtheTaj Mahalin diverse astheGreat Wall of China,PyramidsGiza, What isWorld Heritage? The CityofBathWorld HeritageSite 2 includes places as unique and includesplacesasuniqueand 1 , as being places , asbeingplaces are delivered. City ofBath,willbeapplied,andtoensure thatthey the World HeritageConvention,withregard tothe plan istherefore tosetouthowthecommitmentsof Management Plans.Thepurposeofthemanagement policythatallUKWHSshouldhave Government means’ (section108).Since1994ithasbeenUK should bepreserved, preferably through participatory which mustspecifyhowtheOUVofaproperty plan orotherdocumentedmanagementsystem property shouldhaveanappropriate management implementation oftheconventionstatethat‘each UNESCO’s OperationalGuidelines(2013)forthe development ofWHSManagementPlans. system, designationofspecificassetsandthe primarily through thestatutoryspatialplanning fulfil thesecommitments.InEngland,thisisdone todecidehowbest 4). Itisforeachgovernment WHS tofuture generations(UNESCO1972,Article ‘identify, protect, conserve,present andtransmit’ hasundertakento United KingdomGovernment Heritage Convention’).BysigningtheConvention, the World CulturalandNaturalHeritage(the‘World theProtection UNESCO Conventionconcerning of WHS are recognised underthetermsof1972 1.3 play aleadingrole inthismission. cityandisproud heritage. Bathisaninternational to conservation ofourworld’s culturalandnatural cooperationinthe encourages international preservation oftheirculturalandnaturalheritage participation ofthelocalpopulationin should berecognised. UNESCOencourages amongst aworld-widecommunityofheritagesites the widermissionofUNESCOandplaceBath The focusofthisplanwillbeontheCityBath,but The needforamanagementplan landscape setting. intigration of architecture, urbandesignand Bath provides andemonstrationparexcellenceof the confirmed/added). North EastSomersetCouncilon…(datetobe partnership. ThisplanwasadoptedbyBathand depend toalargeextentuponparticipationand the Planandachievementofitsobjectiveswill Steering Group. Thesuccessfulimplementationof members oftheCityBathWorld HeritageSite document. Itrepresents theconsensusviewof In termsofstatus,thePlanisapartnership this. addressed byotherstrategies.Chapter3clarifies to theOUVandwhichare more appropriately city managementissueswhichdonotdirectly relate generic citymanagementplanandthere willbemany covered bytheOUV. Havingsaidthis,thisisnota therefore bereference toitemswhichare notdirectly periods ofhistorywhilstignoringothers.There will practical orsensibletoconcentrateoncertain provide aframeworkformanagementasitisneither must takeaholisticandstrategicapproach to those attributeswhichbearOUV. However, theplan the protection, conservationandtransmissionof In termsofcontenttheprimaryfocusthisplanis (boundary). itself anditssetting.Thisisclarifiedinsection2.3 The geographicalscopeoftheplanrelates tothesite 1.4 Scope andstatusoftheplan to achievethis. each other, challengestobeaddressed andactions management systemandhowstakeholdersrelate to property consistsof,whyitisofOUV, the cover anintroduction, adescriptionofwhatthe This planisdivideddowninto6chapters.These this plan. Statement ofPublicInvolvementpublishedalongside Group. Fulldetailsofconsultationare giveninthe work hasbeenoverseenbytheWHSSteering Plan through itsWorld HeritageSiteManager. This of thesite,hastakenleadrole inpreparing the opportunities. TheCouncil,astheprincipalsteward have beenreviewed torespond tocurrent risksand issues andobjectivesoftheprevious (2010)plan This isthethird managementplanforthesite.The 1.5 area. policies andmanagementproposals relating tothe Plan willcontinuetoinformandrespond toother the responsibility ofanyagencyorindividual.The is notastatutorydocumentanditdoesdiminish planning process (seesection3forfurtherdetails).It Management Planisamaterialconsiderationinthe planning policiestoguidedevelopment.The Plan (orLocalPlan)forthearea, whichsetsout The PlanworkswithintheCouncil’s Development 2 http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ 1 http://whc.unesco.org/en/guidelines/ Preparation andstructure ofthePlan V. IV. III. II. I. The aimsofthePlanare to: 1.6 Aims The RomanBaths management. ownershipoftheSite’sinternational achieving acommonlocal,nationaland and involvementin,Bath’s heritage, improve publicawareness of,andinterest understand theSite; encouraging allpeopletoenjoyand improve physicalaccessandinterpretation, Heritage Sitestatus; working citywhichbenefitsfrom World maintain andpromote Bathasalivingand protected andsustained of theSiteanditssettingisunderstood, ensure thattheOutstandingUniversalValue Site; promote sustainablemanagementofthe

9 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 10 Management2 Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 of thesite Description Centre. October 2005)from theUNESCO World Heritage was subsequentlyconfirmedbyletter(dated17 city anditwasmanagedaccordingly. Thisboundary to meanthattheboundaryencompassedentire time. Thedescriptionofthe‘CityBath’wastaken boundary map,whichwasnotuncommonatthat The property wasinscribedin1987withouta its lagoonistheclosestEuropean comparator. urban area andnottheentire settlement.Venice and every othercityworldwidecoversonlyapartofthe respect astheWorld Heritageinscriptioninalmost km. Asnotedinchapter1,Bathisexceptionalthis city. Thiscoversanarea ofapproximately 29square The siteboundaryisthemunicipalof 2.3 Boundary plateau ofsurrounding limestoneuplands. valley created bytheRiverAvon cuttingthrough the edge oftheCotswoldHills,inabendriver south-east ofBristol.Itislocatedonthesouthern (160 km)westofLondon,and13miles(21 Appendix 1.TheCityliesapproximately 100miles Somerset. Mapsandlocationdetailsare shownin administrative region andthe(ceremonial) countyof England, withintheBathandNorthEastSomerset The CityofBathislocatedintheSouthWest of 2.2 Location of theaspectsthatthisplanseekstoaddress. property hasOUVandpresent aclearunderstanding current city. Chapter3followsontoclarifywhythe provides asummaryhistory, andbrieflydescribesthe of today. Thischapterdescribeswhere thesiteis, understand howithasevolvedandwhatcomprises In order tomanagetheSite,itisessential 2.1 Introduction Supplementary PlanningDocument boundary. TheCityofBathWHSSetting The widerlandscapesettingliesbeyondtheSite 2.4 Setting 2.5 the designationofaformalbuffer zone. and are therefore considered tonegatetheneedfor SPD. Theseelementsprovide effective protection through planningpolicyasinformedbytheSetting boundary, plusanarea beyondthisprotected area. BathWorld HeritageSitehasagenerous ‘Setting SPD’seeAppendix1,MapI)delineatesthis waters forhealthandrecreation. structures andculture ofbathinganddrinkingthe springs asaregeneration tool, rebuilding the continuing culture. Thecity hasregularly usedthe development, creating aunique socialhistoryand played acentralrole inevery stageofthecity’s Cross BathSpring(41˚C). The hotspringshave King’s Spring(46˚C),theHetling(48˚C) andthe every 8seconds.Thethree mainspringsare the the King’s Springsufficienttofilladomesticbathtub litres ofwatereveryday, withthevolumeissuingfrom Fault. Thespringsconstantlyproduce overamillion back tothesurfaceatBaththrough thePennyquick porous rock deepintotheearth,heats,andisforced 10,000 yearsago)percolates 2to3kmthrough the Rain fallingontheMendipHillstosouth(up the onlyspringstobeclassifiedashotinUK. Situated inthisflatvalleyfloor are three hotsprings, where itiswideandslow. the floodplainandanopportunitytocross theriver curve ofthevalleyprovides asouthfacingsiteabove location forahumansettlement.Narrow,a flatlandin The topographysurrounding Bathprovided anideal how thesitehasevolved. summary versionisincludedbelowinorder toshow the Site’s historyisgiveninAppendix2,buta bibliography isshownatAppendix7.Adescriptionof Bath’s historyiswelldocumentedandaselected Summary history of the Site Summary historyoftheSite 1 (hereafter the each other. TheGeorgiancity, renowned forits architecture andnaturallandscape complemented into aspaciousandbeautiful classicalcity, where Cramped, jumbled medieval streets were transformed examples ofearlytimber framedbuildingslost. arrangements remaining unaltered andalmostall style, withveryfewearlybuildingsandurban town wasremodelled inthe contemporaryPalladian largely through speculative development.Theold expanded dramaticallybeyondthemedievalwalls, pleasure’ forthehealthyand fashionable.Physicallyit longer justadestinationforthesickbut‘valley of city wasre-invented asafashionable healthresort, no the meanstoenjoyleisure time andtosocialise.The the wealthofmiddleclassesgavemore citizens change. Royalpatronage ofthebathsandarisein In the18thcenturycityunderwentdramatic defensive walls. 17th centuryBathremained acompactcitywithin beliefs intheirhealingproperties. Attheendof important, attractingthesickandconvalescingdueto although thehotspringsstillflowedand remained the Romancomplexremained undiscovered, centre forthewoolandclothtrades.Duringthattime Medieval Bathwasanimportantregional trading piece ofarchitecture initsownright. Abbey Church (1499-1611),aniconicandimportant although themonastichistoryissymbolisedby the formalcathedralandmonasticquarter, around AbbeyGreen are theonly visibleevidenceof Church inthe16thcentury. Today, thestreet patterns Norman cathedral,andthenbythepresent Abbey the Saxonchurch wasreplaced firstbyagreat 973 AD.Followingthe11thcenturyNormaninvasion Edgar wascrowned here asfirstkingofallEnglandin built onthesiteofcurrent AbbeyChurch. King an importantreligious centre, withaSaxonmonastery the ruinsbecameburied.Bathcontinuedhoweveras took thecity. TheRomancomplexfellintodisuseand After thebattleofDyrhamin577AD,Saxons Aquae Sulisgrowing upalongside. destination forpilgrims,withasettlementnamed over thenext300yearstobecomeaninternational 65-75 AD.Thiscomplexandtemplewere developed complex andtemplededicatedtoSulisMinervain security increased, theRomansbuiltabathing a frontier garrisontown.Asconquestandsubsequent 43 AD,thearmypushedwest,initiallyholdingBathas Following thesuccessfulRomaninvasionofBritainin foundation (see Appendix 4) which had been using foundation (seeAppendix 4)whichhadbeenusing all classesofsociety. StJohn’s Hospital,a medieval Bath provided facilitiesandtreatment forbathersfrom continued inGeorgianBath. TheHotBathandCross to aplaceofleisure, medicaluseofthehotsprings Despite ashiftinemphasisfrom beingahealingspa and gardens. Appendix 4givesdetailsoftheseandotherbuildings architecturally excitingcities in18thcenturyBritain. construction, makingBathoneofthemost were extremely innovativeintheirdesignand and theRoyalCrescent (1767-1775). Manybuildings Queen Square (1728-1736), theKing’s Circus (1754) was designedinmonumentalensembles,suchas on broad streets laidoutforthepurpose.Housing gardens, suchasSydneyGardens, orby‘parading’ complemented byoutdoorentertainmentinpleasure flocked tothecity. Thesebuildingswere meeting placesforthetransientupperclasseswho Room (JohnPalmer, 1790-1795),were provided as (John Wood theYounger, 1769-1771)andthePump Grand publicbuildings,suchastheAssemblyRooms specifically toshowcasethequalityofBathOolite. notable, andPriorParkisoutstanding,built the Elder. Allen’s town-houseinLilliputAlleyis through hisassociationwiththeArchitect JohnWood patron fuelledmuchoftherebuilding, particularly and CombeDown.Hisactivitiesasentrepreneur and the southofcity, includingthoseatOddDown considerable fortunebyworkingextensiveminesto classical buildings.RalphAllenaddedtohis and assuchitproved eminentlysuitableforneo- durable ‘free-stone’ whichcanbeintricatelycarved, the GeorgiansandRomans.Itisaneasilycut and provided anexcellentbuildingmaterialforboth mined andquarried(inmanyplacesinopen-castpits) The BathOolitelimestoneofthesurrounding hillswas Britain. influential Palladianarchitecture andtownplanningin conditions forsomeofthemostinspirationaland and innovationcreated auniqueatmosphere andthe animateur Richard ‘Beau’Nash.Theirvision,ambition Allen whoquarriedtheBathstone;andsocial Wood theElder;patron andentrepreneur Ralph Three menledthisre-invention: thearchitect John Europe. by thehighestsociety, includingroyalty from across architecture andcuringwaters,becamepatronised Assembly Rooms Bath Abbey Sydney Gardens Pulteney Bridge

11 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 12 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 open spaces. expansion ofthecitybyproviding widerstreets and Lansdown. TheCityCorporationfacilitatedthe of themedievalwallsandstretching uphillto Developments startedfrom theoldcity, breaking out upon itssuccessinattractingwealthyvisitors. plan, andthenewsettlementgrew incrementally buildings, streets orsquares. There wasnocitywide through speculativedevelopmentofindividual developed. Muchof18thcenturyBathevolved ordination howeverbeliesthewayinwhichcity deliberate creation ofabeautifulcity. Thisco- countryside are marriedtogethertoformthe contours tocreate dramaticeffect andtown context ofthenext,serpentinecrescents followthe spectacular. Individualdevelopmentsrespect the The GeorgiantownplanningofBathisinnovativeand demonstrating theauthenticityofWHS. active usetoday, manyfulfillingoriginalfunctionsand The vastmajorityoftheseculturalassetsremain in the values,beliefsandambitionsofGeorgiansociety. numerous interdependencies ofcitylifeandreflect cemeteries andstoneminesallcombinetoreveal the history. Bridges,alleyways,parks,gardens, comprehensive understandingofthecity’s social as historicalassociation,andare integraltoa from the18thcenturyinfabricandplanform,aswell Many ofthestreets, walkwaysandopenspacesdate country. Cleveland Pools(1815)theoldestsurvivinglidoin villas extendingwellbeyondthecitycentre and Bridge (RobertAdam,1764-1774),arangeoflater housing andotherdevelopment,suchasPulteney New buildingincludedanextensivestockofsmaller of theresearch opportunitiesthehospitaloffered. attracted scientistsanddoctorsofrenown because treatment topatientsfrom outsidethelocalarea, Hospital, thefirsthospitalincountrytooffer remodelled inaclassicalstyle.TheMineralWater Bath attachedtothePumpRoomwasalso John Wood theElderin1726-8.ThemedievalKing’s had itscitycentre complexpartiallyremodelled by the hotwatertotreat thesicksince12thcentury, development. development. were largelydemolished,creating spacefornew economy. Thefactories andadjoininggasworks to theriver)alsochangedcity’s landscape and (principally theStothertandPittcraneworksadjacent manufacturing industryinthelate20thcentury valleysides.Thedeclineof south western century, withnewhousing estatesbeingbuiltonthe Bath’s suburbscontinuedtoexpandinthe 20th attitudes totheconservationofhistoricbuildings. called ‘SackofBath’helpedtoinfluencenational conservation movementformedtoresist theso- buildings forhousingimprovements. Thesuccessful 1950s and60stheCityCouncildemolishedhistoric Georgian buildingsdestroyed. Postwar, duringthe 1942 CityEngineer’s records identifying115 sustaining somedegree ofbombdamage,andthe extensive destruction,witharound 19,000buildings World War IIbombingraids(April1942)caused attraction. more asasocialcentre, abathingfacilityandtourist the Saxonperiod.TheBathsbecamefamousonce for thefirsttimesincetheyhadfallenintodisusein presentedthermal spacomplex.TheVictorians these until amajorexcavationuncovered theremains ofthe but nothorough investigationhadbeenundertaken evidence hadbeenfoundin1727,1755and1790, the rediscovery oftheRomanBaths.Archaeological erawas A majorhistoricallandmarkoftheVictorian the city’s architecture. stylesincreasingly1825, butnewVictorian influenced valley. TheuseofthePalladianstylecontinuedafter city anditssatellitevillages,butstayedwithintheriver suburbs largelyfilledinthelandscapebetween architectural interventions.The19thand20thcentury developments, were themselveshighquality rebuilding itandthecanalrailway, althoughmajor developments generallyextendedthecitywithout entered aperiodofgentledecline.Victorian herald anageofprosperity forBathandthecity visitors flockingtoEuropean spatowns,didnot were set.Therailways,whichwere settobring bathing overthespatownandthusnewfashions age begantofade.TheRoyalCourtfavoured sea In thelateeighteenthcenturyBath’s Georgiangolden home toapproximately 88,859residents Bath todayisathriving21stcenturycommunity, 2.6 are over300placesofaccommodation,including 80 very popularwithshortbreak domesticvisitors.There ThermaeBath Spa all overtheworldand modern Baths attractingover1million visitorsperyear of thespatowncontinues, withthehistoricRoman estimated £380mtothelocaleconomy. Theculture approximately 4.5mvisitors peryearandaddingan Bath continuestobeamajortouristcentre, attracting pollution. resulting insomecongestion andresultant air- also provesvehiculartraffic, difficultformodern Wales average.Howeverthecompacthistoric city ownership inthecitycentre lowerthantheEngland/ opportunity forwalkingorcycling,withvehicle of Bath.Thecompactnature ofthecityaffords ‘park andride’facilitiestothenorth,southwest transport ispredominantly provided bybuses,with times tocentralLondonofanhourandahalf.Local mainline railwayrunsthrough thecitygivingjourney London-Cardiff motorway(11milestothenorth).A Bristol Airport(18.6milesaway)orfrom theM4 In termsoftransport,Bathisservedbyairfrom low-rise. stock, withbuildingheightrelatively consistentand Residential properties formmostofthebuilding the cityisoftendescribedasbeingelegant. cities. There isverylittlesignofheavyindustry, and strong visualhomogeneityunusualamongstBritish limestone, withslateorclaytiledroofs, givinga constructed ofthelocallyquarriedlightyellowoolitic It isabeautifulcity. Almostallofthebuildingsare that thecityissmallerthanitactuallyis. calm. Alloftheabovecontributetoanimpression city centre providing naturalbeautyandsenseof open spaces,withtheRiverAvon cuttingthrough the centre. Bathiswellprovided forintermsofparksand the urbanarea andare visiblefrom mostofthecity pasture. Thegreen hillsidesprovide abackdrop to predominantly characterisedbytrees oropen landscape attheurbanedge.Theskylineis quality builtdevelopmentdirectly adjoinshighquality city doesnothavesignificant‘urbansprawl’andhigh the hollowinhillsaspreviously described.The Bath remains acompactcity, containedlargelywithin A Living City – Bath today A LivingCity–Bathtoday 2 . 3 from comparison toaUKaverageof19% employment are classedasprofessional workers,in comparison tonationalaverages.27%ofthosein employers. Levelsofemploymentare highin and well-beingsectorsbecomingmore prominent and professional businessservicesandthehealth information andcommunications,publishing,finance departure oftheMinistryDefenceoffices,and for 36%ofjobsin2011.Thisfigure isfallingwiththe authority, educationandhealthworkersaccounted in thecity. Publicadministrationanddefence,local recently provided anaboveaveragenumberofjobs In termsofemployment,thepublicsectorhas average. degree levelqualificationsthantheEngland/Wales showing higherlevelsofstudentswithundergraduate into 16electoralwards, withallbutfourward areas generally across Bathare good.Thecityisdivided numbers are attheirhighest.Levelsofeducation summer break ensures studentlevelsfallwhentourist the citycentre are full-timestudents.Theacademic estimates that19.7%oftheresident populationof are withinthe20%ofmostdeprivedinEngland. West, Whiteway, Whiteway West andFoxHillNorth) deprivation. Fiveneighbourhoods (Twerton, Twerton and lowcrimerates,there are pocketsofreal skilled andeducatedworkforce, highemployment a Despite theimageofBathasanaffluentcitywith related crimebeingverylow. not significantlyso.Crimelevelsare low, withdrug (65 andover)abovetheEngland/Wales average, but 9 ofthe16wards haveapopulation ofolderpeople study commissionedbyBathSpaUniversity Bath UniversityandSpaUniversity. A2015 during academictermtimesbystudentsattending Bath isauniversitytown,withthepopulationswollen alongside theinfluxofvisitors. resident populationcontinuetheireverydaylife attractionshavebecome.The that someinternational city. Itisnotover-dominated bytourismtotheextent Despite highvisitornumbers,Bathremains aliving with predominantly commercial centres. flavourincomparisontocities vibrant international numbers inthecitycentre. Thisgivesacolourfuland season issummertime,withhighdaytimetourist hotels and180bedbreakfasts. Themaintourist 5 . 4

6 structures inthesite.Thenationalregister Risk’ registers. There are approximately 5,000listed elements suchasthelocalandnational‘Buildingsat ‘good’ isbasedonallofthese,especiallykey discussed insection4.20.Thecurrent assessmentof The rangeofmonitoringmechanismsemployedare character ofthesiteandintangibleelements. the landscapesetting,ofkeyviewsand of theGeorgianbuildingstock,archaeology, of arriving atthisconclusion,forexamplethecondition good. There are manyelementstobeassessedin The current conditionofthesiteisconsidered tobe 2.7 of Bath’. monitored, asisthelandscapesurrounding theCity very goodstateofconservationandare beingclosely Crescent, gardens, parks,andpublicspaces)are ina Roman Baths,RoyalCrescent, Circus, Lansdown of theproperty ontheWorld HeritageList(e.g. ‘All majorbuildingsandcomponentsoftheinscription Mission. TheMissionReport the jointUNESCO/ICOMOSReactiveMonitoring The conditionassessmentwasvalidatedin2008by historic publictoilets. tower, bridges,aretaining wall,mortuarychapeland habitable properties, withtheremainder includinga entries (2015).Oftheseonly9are potentially which includesallgrades,currently contains26 planning permissionforre-use. Thelocalregister, currently underrepair andthefourthhasacurrent for Bath.Three ofthestructures includedare compiled byHistoricEngland,containsonly4entries focuses ongradelandll*structures onlyandis Condition oftheSite 8 stated: 7 , which , which 8 7 http://www.historicengland.org.uk/advice/heritage-at-risk/ 6 5 4 3 2 1 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/sites/default/files/sitedocuments/Planning- UNESCO Decision33COM7B.131 local-research-and-statistics/wiki/bath-forum-area http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/your-council-and-democracy/ Further BathstatisticscanbefoundontheCouncil’s websiteat: reports/lmp/wpca/1929379858/report.aspx Office forNationalStatisticsfigures: https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/ Economics. November2015 The ImpactofBathSpaUniversity’s 2015/16Expansion.Oxford Services AnnualReview2014/15. 1,023,969 visitorsduringfinancialyear2014/15.Source: Heritage 2011 census. resident attheirterm-timeaddress. Datafrom OfficeofNationalStatistics, education studyingawayfrom theirfamilyhomeare treated asusually outside forlessthan12months.Schoolchildren andstudentsinfull-time permanent address thearea andwasoutsideit,butintendedtobe intended tostayinthearea foraperiodof12monthsormore, orhada ‘usual resident population’:anyonewho,oncensusday, hadstayedor Landscape-and-Heritage/WHSSettingStudyInformationPaper.pdf and-Building-Control/Planning-Policy/Evidence-Base/Urban-Design-

There are 21primaryschools inoradjacenttotheWHS,plustwouniversities withover20,000students. accounting foranestimated 10,000jobs. Approximately 4.5mpeoplevisitBatheachyear, addinganestimated£380m tothelocaleconomyand Historic Interest and2Sites ofSpecialScientificInterest. There are 9registered historicparksandgardens withinthesite,with23ParksandGardens oflocal Outstanding NaturalBeauty(AONB),surrounding thecityonitsnorth,eastandsouthsides. The surrounding landscape iscovered bytheBath&BristolGreen Belt,plusthe CotswoldsArea of There are 5scheduledmonumentscovering1.4ha(approx. 13%ofthecentral area). A singleconservationarea of1,486hectares coverstwo thirds ofthesite. year –undoubtedlythehighestofanyUKWorld HeritageSite. The sitegeneratesapprox. 1,500applicationsforPlanningPermissionand ListedBuildingConsentper listings outsideofcentralLondon. There are approximately 5,000listed buildingsinthesite,withhighestconcentrationofgradelandll* 88,859 peoplelivewithinthesite. litres perday. Thisflowwillfilladomesticbathtub every8seconds. The mostvoluminousistheKing’s Spring,withacontinuousflowof13litres persecondor1,106,400 The hottestspringistheHetlingat48°Candthere are 43mineralsinthewater. The 3springsattheheartofsiteare theonlyonesclassifiedas‘hot’in theUK. provides acomparableexamplethroughout Europe. The siteisexceptionalinthattheentire urbanarea (approximately 29square km)isinscribed.OnlyVenice The sitewasinscribedon12December1987. The CityofBathWorld HeritageSite There are 29(2016)WHSintheUK(anditsoverseasterritories). committed toidentify, protect, conserveandinterpret itssitesandpassthemontofuture generations. Grand Canyon.TheUKsignedthe1972UNESCOWorld HeritageConventionin1984anddoingso new siteseachyear. FamoussitesincludetheTaj Mahal,PyramidsofGiza,Great Wall ofChinaandthe national boundaries.There are currently (Jan2016)1031WHSworld-wide,andUNESCOaddsafew Universal Value’ meansculturaland/ornaturalsignificancewhichissoexceptionalastotranscend World HeritageSitesare ‘placesofOutstandingUniversalValue tothewholeofhumanity’.‘Outstanding What isWorld Heritage? Key Facts

13 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 14 Management3 Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 of theSite Significance Universal Value’. ‘Adopted Retrospective StatementofOutstanding UNESCO practice.Itistherefore officiallytitledasthe and integrity, andbringitintolinewithcurrent updated inthatyeartoaddsectionsonauthenticity (Decision reference: WHC-13/37.COM/8E).Itwas session inPhnomPehn,Cambodia,June2013 UNESCO World HeritageCommitteeattheir37th The current statementofOUVwasadoptedbythe 3.2 should be. where thefocusofWorld Heritagemanagement that makesBathspecialinWorld Heritagetermsand Bath. Thesedocumentstherefore confirmwhatitis especially trueinsuchanextensivesiteastheCityof necessarily contributetoitssignificance’andthisis that ‘notallelementsofaWorld HeritageSite…will National PlanningPolicyFramework(NPPF)confirms documents foreffective sitemanagement.The The StatementofOUVandtheattributesare key of theOUV. and whichcontributetoenhanceunderstanding aspects whichconveyorexpress theOUVofsite statement. Itthendescribesthe‘attributes’whichare World HeritageCentre. Eachsitehassucha is aconcisedescriptionendorsedbytheUNESCO this firstlybyintroducing theStatementofOUV, which this isofOutstandingUniversalValue (OUV).Itdoes site consistsof,thischaptergoesontodescribewhy Having describedintheprevious chapterwhatthe 3.1 Introduction Statement ofOutstandingUniversalValue 1792), Thomas Baldwin (1750-1820) and John 1792), Thomas Baldwin(1750-1820) andJohn 1754, younger1728-1782), RobertAdam(1728- architects suchastheJohnWoods (elder1704- between buildingsepitomises thesuccessof scale, styleandtheorganisation ofthespaces influence ofPalladio(1508-1580)andtheircollective The individualGeorgianbuildingsreflect theprofound 18th century. the ambitions,particularlysocial,ofspacityin the Circus andRoyalCrescent) andcollectivelyreflects monumental ensembles(suchasQueenSquare, harmonises withthegrandioseproportions ofthe as theAssemblyRoomsandPumpRoom) The Neo-classicalstyleofthepublicbuildings(such for theenjoymentofspatown’s cure takers. architecture andlandscapecombinedharmoniously into oneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinEurope, with and Richard “Beau”Nash(1674-1761)tomakeBath Wood Senior(1704-1754),RalphAllen(1693-1764) The Georgiancityreflects theambitionsofJohn history asaspatown. north oftheAlps,andmarkedbeginningBath’s the mostfamousandimportantRomanremains development eversince)are amongst Sulis, whichhaveremained attheheartofCity’s hot springsattheheartofRomantownAquae Minerva andthebathscomplex(basedaround the The Romanremains, especiallytheTemple ofSulis the followingculturalattributes: The CityofBathisOutstandingUniversalValue for city, famedinliterature andart. George l,llandIIIitdevelopedintoanelegantspa Ages butinthe18thcenturyunderreigns of important centre forthewoolindustryinMiddle natural hotspringsasathermalspa.Itbecamean in the1stcenturyADbyRomanswhoused The CityofBathinSouthWest Englandwasfounded Brief synthesis Date ofinscription Id. N° State Party Property 1987 428. IrelandBritain andNorthern United KingdomofGreat City ofBath the RoyalCrescent (JohnWood theYounger) and throughout Bath,isperhapsbestdemonstratedin century. Thisunifyingofnature andcity, seen echoed around Europe particularly inthe19th picturesque viewsandforms,whichcouldbeseen buildings andcitiesinthelandscapetoachieve 15th–17th centuries,towards theideaofplanting of Renaissancecitiesthatdominatedthrough the away from theinward-looking uniformstreet layouts Criterion (ii):Bathexemplifiesthe18thcenturymove its naturalenvironment and extremely beautiful. a citythatisharmoniousandlogical,inconcord with those around itandtothe wider landscape,creating contriving torelate eachindividualdevelopmentto plan orsinglepatron, didnotprevent themfrom working overthecourseofacentury, withnomaster of theday. Thatthearchitects whofollowedwere played hosttothesocial,politicalandculturalleaders economic andphysicalrebirth, resulting inacitythat together provided theimpetustostartthissocial, Master ofCeremonies Richard “Beau”Nash– owner RalphAllenandcelebratedsocialshaper architect JohnWood Senior, entrepreneur andquarry and thelocalBathOoliticlimestone).Three men– and naturalresources (inparticularthehotsprings offered bythespatownanditsphysicalenvironment Palladianism inresponse tothespecificopportunities and 19thcenturieswhoapplieddeveloped creativity ofthearchitects andvisionariesofthe18th and itsbeautyislargelytestamenttotheskill architecture andurbandesign,itsvisualhomogeneity with picturesque aestheticism.Bath’s qualityof way thatreflects theprecepts ofPalladiotempered together publicandprivatebuildingsspacesina century inaharmoniousandlogicalway, drawing the largeroverallcitylandscapethatevolvedovera and PumpRoomofgreat distinction,theyare partof are individualbuildingssuchastheAssemblyRooms and thedeliberatecreation ofabeautifulcity. Notonly architecture, urbandesignandlandscapesetting, demonstration parexcellenceoftheintegration surrounding hillsandsetinitsgreen valley, are a crescents, terracesandsquares spread outoverthe Criterion (i):Bath’s grandioseNeo-classicalPalladian century Renaissancecities. akin tothe19thcenturygarden citiesthanthe17th aestheticism creating astrong garden cityfeel,more the hillsandbuilttoapicturesque landscape the scaleofacompletecity, situatedinahollow Palmer (1738-1817)intransposingPalladio’s ideasto the site and in its setting that could impact adversely the siteandinitssetting thatcouldimpactadversely development andtotransport pressures, bothwithin city, Bathremains vulnerable tolarge-scale surrounding hillsremains clearly visible.Asamodern relationship oftheGeorgianCitytoitssetting surrounding green landscapesurvive.The squares setinaharmonious relationship withthe interlinked spacesformedbycrescents, terracesand buildings andplanform.Anextensiverangeof Georgian Cityremains largely intactbothintermsof loss ofGeorgianbuildingspriortoinscription,the landscape withinwhichthecityisset.Despitesome planning andarchitecture, andlargeelementsofthe property boundaryasare theareas ofGeorgiantown archaeology are wellpreserved andwithinthe Sulis Minervaandthebelowground Roman Remains oftheknownRomanBaths,Temple of Integrity daycity.the 18thcenturyandmodern beside theRomantempleandbaths,inheartof with thespectacularmedievalAbbeyChurch sat reflects continuousdevelopmentovertwomillennia Roman andGeorgiantimes,thecitynevertheless visitors. AlthoughBathgainedgreatest importancein setting andfacilitiesforthecure takersandsocial destination andtoprovide anappropriate picturesque growing popularityofBathasasocietyandspa designed anddevelopedasaresponse tothe the creation andinterlinkingofurbanspaces, houses, theintegrationoflandscapeandtown, neoclassical city;themonumentalisationofordinary exemplifies themainthemesof18thcentury spatial arrangementandsocialhistory. Bath combination ofoutstandingurbanarchitecture, The 18thcenturyredevelopment isaunique appreciation ofRomansocialandreligious society. significant contributiontotheunderstandingand of AquaeSulisthatgrew uparound them,makea temple complex,togetherwiththeremains ofthecity history: RomanandGeorgian.TheBaths Criterion (iv):Bathreflects twogreat erasinhuman 19th centurytownplanners. to theprinciplesofgarden citiesdevelopedbythe to create adistinctivegarden cityfeel,lookingforward physically) drawinthegreen surrounding countryside that floworganically, andthatvisually(andattimes enclose them,providing aseriesofinterlinkedspaces landscape spacesare created bythebuildingsthat Lansdown Crescent (JohnPalmer).Bath’s urbanand are progressing withregard totransferringthe Supplementary Planning Document,andnegotiations property hasbeenstrengthened byadoptionofa protection ofthesurrounding landscapeofthe property, oritssetting,will notbepermitted.The justifying theinscriptionofWorld Heritage the developmentwhichwouldharmqualities Local Plancontainsacore policy according towhich documents. TheBathandNorthEastSomerset zones are alsofoundinstatutory planning World Heritageproperties, theirsettingsandbuffer Policies toprotect, promote, conserveandenhance Planning PolicyFrameworkandCircular 07/09. Environment andWorld HeritageissetoutinNational guidanceonprotecting Government theHistoric Planning Acts. under theprovisions oftheTown andCountry secondly through theUKSpatialPlanningsystem Monuments andArchaeological Areas Act,and Conservation Areas) Act1990andthe1979Ancient designated underthePlanning(ListedBuildingsand buildings, monumentsandlandscapesare properties inEnglandtwoways.Firstly, individual protectsThe UKGovernment World Heritage Protection andManagementRequirements contribute topicturesque views. respect thescaleandrhythmofitsstructures, andto respect theplanningofGeorgianterraces,to harmony. There isaneedfornewdevelopments to landscape thatcontributedtotheCity’s visual crescents andsquares andviewstothesurrounding interaction betweengroups ofbuildingsinterraces, twentieth century. More vulnerableistheoverall and aidedbyaprogramme ofrestoration inthelate informed byanextensivebodyofdocumentation, fabric. Repairshavelargelybeensympathetic, their construction,andretain ahighdegree oforiginal buildings havebeencontinuouslyinhabitedsince use. ThemajorityofthelargestockGeorgian Roman Bathscanstillbeappreciated fortheiroriginal and displayedwithinamuseumenvironment, andthe The keyRomanremains are preserved, protected original development,are ofundoubtedauthenticity. The hotsprings,whichare thereason fortheCity’s Authenticity property andtoitsgreen setting. on itsgarden cityfeelandonviewsacross the value oftourismratherthaninvolume. Strategy’ forBath,whichaimstopromote growth in Plan hasbeenupdatedbya‘DestinationMarketing independent company. The DestinationManagement Tourism ismanagedbyBathTourism Plus,an outlined intheManagementPlan. a bus-basednetworkandpedestrianisation,as Transport improvements are basedprincipallyaround planned butnotyettimetabled. phase onedevelopment.Subsequentphasesare Integrity wouldnotbeadverselyimpactedbythe concluded thattheOutstandingUniversalValue and development atBathWesternRiversidein2008and UNESCO/ICOMOS Missionassessedthe guided bythepolicyframeworklistedabove.A Universal Value oftheGeorgianCitycontinuestobe understanding ofthedistinctivenessandOutstanding The needfordevelopmenttobebasedonan need forimproved transport. facing thesiteare large-scaledevelopmentandthe the city-wideproperty. Themainpressures currently tensions betweendevelopmentandconservationof Management Plan.Thisplanaimstoaddress thekey implementation oftheWorld HeritageSite The SteeringGroup overseestheproduction and the tourismcompany. group, residents associations,bothuniversitiesand Councils, heritagebodies,andthecitybusiness elected membersandofficers,surrounding Parish BathandNorthEastSomersetCouncil government, chairperson. Membersrepresent national with interest inthesite.Ithasanindependent consisting ofrepresentatives from 14organisations was establishedasanon-executivecommittee The CityofBathWorld HeritageSiteSteeringGroup North EastSomersetCounciltotheNationalTrust. management ofkeyareas oflandfrom theBathand

15 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 16 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 The keypurposeforidentifyingattributes Heritage SiteSteeringGroup. (cabinet 14May2014)andtheCityOfBathWorld endorsed byBath&NorthEastSomersetCouncil understanding oftheOUV. Theattributeshavebeen Site andwhichcontributetoenhance convey orexpress theOUVofWorld Heritage As explainedin3.1,attributesare aspectswhich 3.3 the OUV expands ingreater detailthese attributes.Attributesof is seekingtoprotect. Thetable belowtherefore understanding ofwhatitisthatthemanagement plan however provide sufficientdetailtoprovide an management forovertenyears.Theydonot provided asoundandconsistentbasisforsite 2003-2009 WHSManagementPlanandhave These were carriedforward, littlealtered, from the 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 2010-2016 WHSManagementPlan: Six headlineattributes(below)were agreed inthe identified intheStatementofOUV. include thecharacteristicswhichconveyvalues Attributes are greater thanindividualcomponentsand and whenplanningprojects orotherinterventions. applications, whenconsideringplanningallocations they are neededwhenassessingplanning they canbeprotected, managedandmonitored and social ambitions Georgian architecture reflecting 18thcentury The green settingoftheCityinahollowhills Georgian architecture Georgian townplanning The hotsprings Roman Archaeology Attributes ofOUV 1 is so that issothat 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. Georgian Town Planning 7.

6. The HotSprings 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Roman Archaeology Attributes ofOUV The Kennet&Avon Canal,SomersetCoalCanaland associatedfeatures colonnades toafford weather protection, andpleasure gardens The designoftheGeorgian citytofacilitateoutdoorsocialinteractionand activity, includingwalks, promenades, contours tocreate dramatic forms The positioning,orientationandlayoutofGeorgian buildings,forexampleinserpentineterraces,touseslopesand components asPriorParkandShamCastle,designed toview, andbeviewedfrom, thecitycentre. Views andvistas,withintheGeorgiancitydeliberatelycreatedViews byawareness ofcontext,andbeyond,includingsuch The deliberatecreation ofa beautifulcity and theuniformscaleheightofbuildings homogeneityofthecityduetowidespreadVisual useoflocalOolitic(Bath)limestone,alimitedpalettecolourtones The introduction ofinnovativeformstownplanningincludingsquares, crescents andcircus antiquity topresent day The spiritualimportanceofthehotsprings,culturalusewatersandcontinuousflow ofhotwaterfrom establishments developedaround themincludingalmshousesandhospitals. Bath asacentre ofhealing,themedicalresearch associatedwiththe‘cure’ andlearning ofthehotwatersmedical Temple Complex). and inscribedcurses,are artefactsandnotthemselvesofOUV, buthelpdemonstratethefunctionofBathsand The culture andtraditionsassociatedwithbathinghealing(recovered fragments,includingRomanpewter, coins form oftheGeorgiancity, suchasLondonRoad The surrounding road systemandstreet planoftheRomancity, overlainbythemedievallayoutandinfluencing the monuments, demonstratingthecontextofRomancity Roman andIron Agearchaeological remains beyondthecitywallincludinghillforts,fieldsystems,villasandfunerary complex, demonstratingtheextentofcity Roman archaeological remains withinthecitywall(itselfthoughttobeofRomanorigin)beyondtempleandbaths still capableofbeingusedfortheiroriginalfunction Iron AgeSacred Spring,includingtheGreat Bath,Eastbaths,Circular BathandWest Baths,withtheRomanBaths The archaeological remains oftheRomantempleGoddessSulisMinervaandbathscomplexbuiltaround the

Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Spirit &feeling management systems Traditions, techniques& of intangibleheritage Language &otherforms Location &Setting Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design

17. 16. 15. 34. 33. 32. 31. 30. 29. 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. Georgian Architecture 20. 19. 18. public buildingssuchasAssemblyRoomsandPumpRooms,multiplearchitects buildingtoacommonethos The harmoniousandlogicalintegrationofindividualGeorgiandevelopments,withresidential terracesinterspersedwith The creation ofwide,flatpavementstoencouragepromenading The influenceofGeorgiantownplanninginBathonsubsequentdevelopmentstheUKandbeyond watchman’s boxes,andsimilar items Components ofGeorgian street furniture,including coalholes,basementwinches,footscrapers, lamp brackets, The useofwrought iron work toprovidefeatures external suchasrailings,overthrowsetc. forlanterns, over timeandoftenclosing directly ontoastonecill The widespread useoftimber verticallyslidingsashwindowsintheGeorgiancity, withscaleand detailingthatevolved creationWidespread ofbasementsandvaultstolevelthelandbelow theGeorgiancity The universaluseofnaturalbuildingmaterialsin the Georgiancity settlement attheendofGeorgianperiod Detached villas,largelyinthesuburbsofcity, showingthetransformationofBathtoward agenteel retirement survival ofthisfabricleavingauniquecompleteexampleGeorgiancity The extentofGeorgianredevelopment, almosttotallyobscuringprevious medievalbuildingsandthewidespread recognisable structures, where the wholeisgreater thanthesumofindividualparts The Georgianmonumentalensemblesofcrescents, squares, circus andterracesformingiconic,internationally social aspirationofoccupierstoemulatethearistocracy The designofterracedhousestoappearasthoughtheywere asinglecountry houseorpalace,demonstratingthe and JohnPinch The worksofnotedarchitects includingtheJohnWoods, RobertAdam,ThomasBaldwin,JohnPalmer, JohnEveleigh The AbbeyChurch asakeypartoftheurbanformGeorgiancity The contrastbetweenpolite,controlled, formalfaçadesandtheinformalrear ofGeorgianbuildings Key visuallandmarkswithinviews,suchastheRoyalCrescent andBeckford’s Tower building formsincludinghouses,publicbuildings,PulteneyBridgeandchurches Transposition ofPalladio’s ideastothescaleofacompletecityinBritishsetting,andemployedwiderange and town,historicparksgardens 18th Centurypicturesque principlesincludingtherelationship ofbuildingstolandscape,theconceptblendingcountryside The designoftheGeorgiancityasatheatre set,withvisualsurprisesandopenspaceslinkedoneanother The principalhistoricroad routes intothecity, markingthearrivalpointsforvisitorswhoalmostuniversallycamebyroad rather thantoanoverallmaster-plan

Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Materials &Substance Materials &Substance Materials &Substance Materials &Substance Materials &Substance Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Form &Design Use &Function Use &Function Location &Setting

17 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 18 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 48. 47. 46. 45. 44. 43. 42. The Green SettingoftheCityinaHollowHills

41. 40. 39. 38. 37. 36. 35. Georgian Architecture continued used toexploitthestonefrom whichthecitywasconstructed Oolitic limestonemines,quarries,outcrops andhistoricfeatures includingRalphAllen’s tramway, inclinesandstructures Fingers ofgreen countrysidewhichstretch rightinto the city the Georgianperiod Open agriculturallandscapearound thecityedges,inparticulargrazingand landuseswhichreflect thosecarriedoutin Trees, tree beltsandwoodlands predominantly ontheskyline,liningriverandcanal,withinparklandgardens Green, undevelopedhillsideswithinandsurrounding thecity function oftheGeorgiancity The distinct pattern ofsettlements,Georgianhousesandvillasinthesettingsite,reflectingThe distinctpattern thelayoutand The compactandsustainableformofthecitycontainedwithinahollowhills demonstrating thespeculativenature ofGeorgiandevelopmentfinance Individual internal fittingoutofGeorgianhousesbehindauniformfaçade,andincomplete,truncatedterraces, Individual internal Many oftheGeorgianbuildingsremain in,orare capableofbeingusedfor, theiroriginalpurpose adaptation ofarchitecture tocaterfortheneedsofaspatown Building designadaptionssuchassemi-circular stairwallsandrampsfortheuseofsedanchairs,reflecting the The ubiquitoususeofchimneysandfireplaces withinGeorgianbuildings reflecting theuseofcoalasafuelsource Shop units,coffee andalehouses,demonstratingtheevolutionofretail industryintheGeorgianperiod subsequent difference anddecoration intheirscale,ornamentation The expressed hierarchy inboththeexteriordesignofGeorgianbuildings,andusespaceswithin, The highqualityofcraftsmanshipinGeorgianbuildingconstructionandornamentation Materials &Substance Location &Setting Location &Setting Location &Setting Location &Setting Location &Setting Location &Setting management systems Traditions, techniques& Use &Function Use &Function Use &Function Use &Function Use &Function Materials &Substance

managing thecity. particular noteandshould notbeoverlookedin industrialpastofBatharemedieval andVictorian of periods ofhistorytotheexclusionothers.The World Heritagedesignation canalsohighlightcertain reference toChristianityinBritain. another containswhatiscurrently theearliestknown only knownsurvivingtextinBritishCeltic,whilst Celtic words writteninthe Latin alphabetandisthe of theWorld’ register at Bath,were inscribedon theUKUNESCO‘Memory sheets ofleadorpewterandcastintothehotsprings private prayersof130individualsinscribedonsmall Roman Cursetablets,whichare thepersonaland the ArtsCouncilEnglandscheme.In2014 Bath Record Officeallhold‘designated’statusunder the RomanBathsMuseum,FashionMuseumand to howprevious civilisationslived.Thecollectionsof collections are essentialinproviding interpretation as Heritage inscription,butneverthelesssomemuseum Moveable heritageisnotincludedundertheWorld to betakenintoaccountinholisticsitemanagement. there are othernationalandlocalvalueswhichhave significance, which givetheWHSitsinternational In additiontotheattributesofOUVoutlinedabove, 3.4 53. 52. 51. 50. 49. Georgian architecture reflecting 18thcenturysocialambitions Other culturalvalue on buildingssuchastheCircus. The reflection ofmythological,folkloricandantiquarianinfluencesonthedecorativemotifs,alignmentsdimensions and PumpRooms. Rules andetiquettedevelopedinthepolitesociety, largelyintangiblebutembodiedinbuildingssuchastheAssembly Custom andpracticesassociatedwith‘takingthewaters’,includingpromenading extensive listoffamousandinfluentialpeoplewhovisited. Bath asaplaceofresort, attractingvisitorsfrom awidegeographicalarea, andthehistoricalassociationswith re-birth ofthecityfrom asmallprovincialfamousresort Englishtownintoaninternationally The patronage andvisionofJohnWood Senior, RalphAllenandBeauNashinleadingthesocial,economicphysical 2 . One tablet is made up of . Onetabletismadeupof benefits. Effective andappropriate governance historically foritshealth, visual andenvironmental landscape isappreciated todaymuchasitwas extends rightintotheheart ofthecity. Thisnatural the surrounding countryside whichenfoldsand its green spaces,theriver and canalcorridors form andthenaturallandscapeofcityincluding results from theharmoniousrelationship ofthebuilt Avon Valley. Itsdistinctivenesstoalargedegree surrounding landscapeof incised plateauhillsandthe dependent uponthenaturalhotsprings, for itsculturalattributes.Itssignificancehowever is The CityofBathisinscribedasaWorld HeritageSite 3.5 social interactionandtheshapingofvalues. placeforlarge-scale as anationalandinternational prestigious spavisitors.Ithasplayedalong-termrole writers, andmusicianswere amongstthemany centuries. Royalty, politicians,aristocracy, artists, from allperiods,particularlyduringthe18thand19th also hasrichassociationswithprominent people of theoutstandingphysicalelementsSite.Bath years old.Thisculture hasinspired thedevelopment springs isalivingtraditionwhichseveralthousand worship, bathingandhealingassociatedwiththehot which contributetoBath’s significance.Theculture of There are alsointangibleassociationsandtraditions Natural value distinctiveness ofthecity andskyline. contribution tothelandscape characterandthelocal woodlands, someancient, provide asignificant also provide importanthabitats.Trees and notable batspecies.Parks,gardens andcemeteries important flightlinesandforaginghabitatformany otters, dragonfliesanddamselflies, providing cutting through theheartof thecity, supporting meadows, isalsoanimportantwildlifecorridor The RiverAvon, togetherwith associatedwater strategic managementobjectivesandsupport. important andiconictothesettingofBathneed urban edgelocation.Thesehabitattypesare grazing andthepressures oftheirtopographyand Similarly, manygrasslandsare atthreat from under together withtheimpactsofclimatechange. long termneglectandfrom inadequatemanagement, degree. Manyofthewoodlandsare atthreat from types, butare allvulnerableandunderthreat tosome lowland meadows.Theseare UKpriorityhabitat woodland, unimproved calcareous grasslandsand and iconicnaturalhabitatsintheSiteare broadleaved In termsofecologyandbiodiversity, thepredominant and significanceoftheWHS. as contributingtoprotecting theauthenticity, integrity natural environment anditsvalueforpeopleaswell essential tomaintainbiodiversityandthehealthof landscape managementofthenaturalenvironment is Spirit &feeling intangible heritage Language &otherformsof Use &Function Use &Function management systems Traditions, techniques&

2 http://www.unesco.org.uk/2014-uk-memory-of-the-world-register/ 1 Tower, SouthParade. breeds intheheartofcityonStJohn’s Church species isthePeregrine Falcon,whichsuccessfully that itwasaRomanfoodcrop). Anothersignificant greatest numbersaround theBatharea (onetheoryis Pyrenacium), isanationallyscarce plantfoundinits Spiked StarofBethlehem(Ornithogalum Down andBathamptonDown.BathAsparagus,or inthedisusedstoneminesofCombe and hibernate Horseshoe Bats.Theseare keyspecieswhichbreed Protected speciesincludebothLesserandGreater Heritage Convention,Sections88and89,Annex5 See UNESCOOperationalGuidelinesfortheImplementationofWorld

19 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 20 Management4 Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 of thesite Management hosted by B&NES Council and financially supported hosted byB&NESCouncil andfinanciallysupported a ‘World HeritageCo-ordinator’. Thepostwas convened andanearlytask wastheappointmentof On 14June2001aWHS SteeringGroup was took overtherole asprincipal sitesteward. wider geographicalarea beyond thecity. ThisCouncil Somerset (B&NES)Council,whichencompassed a City CouncilwassucceededbyBathandNorth East re-organisation, In the1996localgovernment Bath guidance note. added intothelocalplan,supplementedbya (Bath CityCouncil)andappropriate policieswere Management wastakenonbythelocalauthority Initially, littleimpactoftheinscriptionwasapparent. provided mostofthedocumentation. Paris on11December1987 World HeritageCommitteeattheir11thsessionin The CityofBathwasinscribedbytheUNESCO Bath asaWHSisprovided. our current position,thefollowingshorthistoryof In order tobetterunderstandhowwehavearrivedat 4.2 the preceding plan. reason, thissectionissignificantlylongerthanthatof the 2010ManagementPlan(August2011).Forthis was commenteduponintheICOMOSresponse to for thebenefitof reader notfamiliarwiththesite, complex. Theneedtoexplainthesefully, especially management andtherelationships betweenthemare society. Thenumberofpartnersinvolvedin Bath isalargeurbanWHSinsophisticatedwestern various bodiesinvolvedrelate tooneanother. andhowthe place, thesystemsofgovernance main stakeholdersare, thecontrol mechanismsin terms ofmanagement,whoownstheland, heritage property. Itdescribesthestorysofarin This sectionexplainsthemanagementofworld 4.1 Buildings andMonumentsCommissionforEngland than itistoday. A36pagereport bytheHistoric The process ofinscriptionin1987waslessonerous nomination followingthefirstUKinscriptionsin1986. Bath World HeritageSite:Thestorysofar Introduction 1 . It was an early UK . ItwasanearlyUK 2

Thermae BathSpa,theDysonAcademy the largesthousingdevelopmentinSWEngland), Shopping Centre, BathWesternRiverside(atthetime These includedre-development ofSouthgate multiple largedevelopmentproposals inthecity. The firstdecadeofthetwentycenturysaw heritage. site encompassesotherelementsofworldclass not carriedforward, butitdoesdemonstratethatthe tentative listwaspublishedin2014thisproposal was GWR linepassesthrough Bath.Whentherevised included intheUKtentativelistofWHS1999.The that theGreat WesternRailway(GWR)linewas As mentionedinsection3.4,itisworthnotinghere effective management. plan, whichputinplacethesystemsneededfor one oftheachievementsfirstmanagement confirmation oftheboundaryisagoodexample 2005) from theUNESCOWorld HeritageCentre. This subsequently confirmedbyletter(dated17October was managedaccordingly. Thisboundarywas that theboundaryencompassedentire cityandit description ofthe‘CityBath’wastakentomean which wasnotuncommonatthetime.The The property wasinscribedwithoutaboundarymap, model bymanyothersitesacross theworld. to drawupon,andwassubsequentlyusedasa the lackofpublishedguidanceandotherexamples plan in2003.Thiswasapioneeringdocumentgiven English Heritage)produced thefirstmanagement The Co-ordinator andSteeringGroup (chaired by period) from EnglishHeritage(nowHistoricEngland). by ‘start-up’funding(reducing overathree year strongly required. management wasweak at atimewhenitwas hindsight, itwasunfortunate thatworldheritage steering group didnotmeet during2008.In had leftthepost,role was unfilledandthe due forrenewal. TheWorld HeritageCo-ordinator Management Planperiod,whenthatdocumentwas This pressure emergedattheendof2003-2009 significant debate. with theproposal ofnewarchitectural stylescaused style. Thissignificantdevelopmentpressure together Museuminacontemporaryarchitectural Holburne bus stationandanextensiontothegrade1listed 3 , the new , thenew property the OutstandingUniversalValue andintegrityofthe Riverside developmentandtheDysonAcademyon particularly thepossibleimpactofBathWestern and to consideritsoverallstateofconservation ICOMOS reactivemonitoringmissiontotheproperty ‘the StatePartyinviteajointWorld HeritageCentre/ 2008), UNESCOrequested that: Heritage Committee(32ndSession)inQuebec(July threatened bythesenewdevelopments.AtitsWorld commentators thattheOUVofproperty was UNESCO receivedfrom concern some The 2010-2016BathWHS ManagementPlan public realm strategyandtraffic plan. revised managementplan including atourismplan, reinforced interpretation forthesiteandcalleda of thesurrounding landscape beenhanced,invited Riverside bereviewed, recommended thatprotection density andvolumeofbuildingsatBathWestern Bath WesternRiversidebesubmitted,urgedthat revised planshowinginclusion ofsocialfacilitiesin been withdrawn,strongly recommended thata satisfaction thattheDysonAcademyProject had and interpretation. transport, thesetting,planning policy, publicrealm six planprioritieswere fundingandmanagement, and addressed thepointsraisedbymission.The produced asaresponse tothe committeedecision The missionreport levers infurtherfundingwhere possible(See5.12). B&NES CouncilandtheBathPreservation Trust, and Enhancement Fund.Thisgrantschemeisfundedby 2009) wastoestablishtheWorld Heritage An earlyactionofthesteeringgroup chairman(in office inFebruary2009. chairperson (MrDavidBeeton)wasappointed,taking the organisation.Anindependentsteeringgroup influence keypolicydecisionsacross (andbeyond) the previous co-ordinator role and betterplacedto Manager wascreated in2008,atahigherlevelthan management. AnewpositionofWorld Heritage reviewed andstrengthened worldheritage In response totheproposed mission,B&NESCouncil The missionvisitedinNovember2008. the sitewaswellmanaged.Thedecision noted thatthestateofconservationwasgoodand UNESCO World HeritageCommittee.Thereport 4 . 5 wasconsidered bythe2009 6 expressed 7 was was to drawupon experiencegainedinprevious plan maintaining astrong economy. There willbeaneed delivering afurtherphase ofsubstantialgrowth and maintaining thisgoodstate ofconservationwhilst Looking forward, thekeychallengestobefacedare levels ofemployment,plus veryfew‘buildingsatrisk’. shop vacancyrates,highproperty valuesandhigh economy isbuoyant,withrecord visitornumbers,low state ofconservationisverygood.Thelocal As thisplaniscompiled,Bathatapointwhere the Plan (2010-2016)are shown below. Key achievementsoftheprevious WHSManagement An award ceremony tookplaceon31October2014. UNESCO ‘MemoryoftheWorld’ register (see3.4). Sacred Spring,were addedtotheUKnational In 2014theRomanCursetablets,recovered from the 2014. Sport (forforwarding toUNESCO)inNovember was submittedtoDepartmentCulture, Mediaand an updateoncurrent andforthcomingdevelopments, was undertakenandareport onthis,togetherwith through theplanperiod,afullmonitoringexercise Steering Group Chairperson.Asthiswasmid-way In 2013,MrPeterMetcalfetookovertherole of policy framework. 10 July2014,providing ahighlevelstrategicplanning The Core Strategy Also, alistof‘attributes’wascompiledandadopted was revised andadoptedbyUNESCO 2009 –seebibliography).The‘statementofvalues’ included theadoptionofaSettingStudy(October Strengthened policy protection during this plan period after thedecisionwasmade. civic functionon11December–exactly25years a rangeofactivitiesacross theyearandacelebratory 2012 sawthe25thanniversaryofinscription,with 5.11. the ‘Great SpasofEurope’ project outlinedinsection spa townstoEuropean culture. Thiswasthestartof World Heritageinscription,basedontheimpactof view topotentiallypursuingatrans-nationalbidfor bringing togethertheleadingEuropean spaswitha In 2010aconference washeldinBaden-Baden 5.8). and hasbecomeanannualfixture eversince.(See World HeritageDaywasfirstcelebratedinApril2009 10 for the district was adopted on forthedistrictwasadoptedon 8 in 2013. in2013. 9 . period 2010-2016 Headline achievementsduringtheprevious plan impacting upontheOUVofproperty. transport infrastructure required withoutdetrimentally periods, andprovide thehomes,employmentand entrance halltomarktheoccasion. Heritage symbolwasplacedintheRomanBaths’ marking 25yearssinceinscription.AlargeWorld A civiceventwasheldon11December2012, English Heritage. over 5,000buildings,isrevised andpublishedby The register oflistedbuildingsinBath,containing Bath Transport Packageisawarded £10.9m. Study SPD. adoption oftheBathWorld HeritageSiteSetting The ‘protection ofsetting’isaddressed bythe 2012 and launched. Bath BusinessImprovement Districtisestablished on-line HistoricEnvironment Record. employed bytheCouncil,pavingwayfor A HistoricEnvironment Record Officerisfirst following successfultrials. and hybridParkRidebusesare introduced implemented aspartofa‘CIVITAS’ fundedinitiative A consolidatedfreight deliverysystemis award. Building oftheYear Award andaCivicTrust design Museumopens,winningRIBASW Holburne The £11.2mextensiontothegrade1listed Bath projects from 2010-2015. The HeritageLotteryFundsupportedover160 2011 to keylocalmuseumsfor residents, isissued. The 25,000thDiscovery Card, allowingfree access adopted. The ‘GettingAround Bath’Transport Strategyis Tentative List. The Great SpasofEurope bidisaddedtotheUK adopted onthe14May2014. ‘Attributes ofOutstandingUniversalValue’ are the MuseumsTrading arm ofHeritageServices. A DVDonthe‘CityofBath’WHSisproduced by its education,marketingandsupportstaff. the HeritageServicesbusinessunitwithaccess to World heritagemanagementmovestositwithin Centre Centre. andRomanBathsLearning the ‘Archway Project’ tocreate a World Heritage Round 1HeritageLotteryfundingissecured for funding. Cleveland Poolsachievedround 1HeritageLottery Major newlotteryfundingbidsforBathAbbeyand 2014 Shopping Centre andrestoring industrialheritage. Station opened,completingthelinkwithSouthgate Brunel Square andarevamped BathSpaRailway Tunnels route, opened. Britain’s longestcycletunnel,the£4.3mTwo Chairman tookoffice. A newindependentWHSSteeringGroup Crescent Museumopens. The £5mrevamp andextensionofNo.1Royal the worldheritagesymbolwasrolled out. New cityinformationway-marking,incorporating 2013. Construction andRetro-fitting SPDfollowedin guidance waslaunchedin2011,andaSustainable The ‘Warmer Bath’historicbuildingadaptation Waterside Schemein2013. Partnership grantof£11mforBathQuays and ExceptiontestsaWest ofEngland Study, FloodRiskManagementStudy, Sequence undertaken includingaCompensatoryStorage Extensive floodriskpreventative workis 2013

21 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 22 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 £3.4m majorrestoration. Bridgere-opensThe gradell*Victoria after a expenditure inexcessof£1m. undertakes its50thproject, deliveringtotalon-site The World HeritageEnhancement Fund travel. Railway starts,promising quicker andcleanerrail Work ontheelectrification oftheGreat Western Gainsborough Hotelin2015. in 2011,enablestheopeningof5* A newinclinedbore holetothehotsprings,drilled 2014. Rentalstopped1,000permonth. in financially self-sufficient,afterbeinglaunched The ‘NextBike’cyclehire schemebecomes and occupancylevelsare high. 2015, includingover100affordable units.Sales well, with300dwellingsbuiltandoccupiedby Bath WesternRiversideconstructionproceeds available on-line. with keydocumentsandsteeringgroup minutesall A newmobile-enabledWHSwebsiteislaunched, Conservation Area beginsin2015. Production ofcharacterappraisalsforBath restoring historicfeatures. A ‘face-lift’restoration ofQueenSquare opens, 19 April2015. Gardens achieverecord visitornumbersonSunday period. TheeventhelpedPriorParkLandscape event everyyearfrom 2011onward duringtheplan World HeritageDaywascelebratedbyapublic 2015 partial pedestrianisationofStallStreet. and LowerBorough Walls were delivered, with Northumberland Passage,HighStreet, StallStreet High qualitypublicrealm improvement schemesin honour attheawards ceremony inBath. the UNESCODeputyDirector-General guestof UNESCO UK‘MemoryoftheWorld’ register, with The Romancursetabletsare addedtothe date planningpolicyprotection forthesite. The Core Strategyisadopted,providing up-to- realm oftheCity. has arole inmaintainingandimproving thepublic houses theFashionMuseum. B&NESCouncilalso management andconservation oftheproperty, which case, theCouncilhasfull responsibility forthe the AssemblyRoomsfrom theNationalTrust. Inthis commercial ventures. TheCouncilcurrently leases Council ownedproperties are generallymanagedas responsibility forprotection ofthehotsprings. access andinterpretation. The Councilownsand has these buildingsandgoodopportunityforpublic heritage assets.Thisgivessignificantcontrol over manages (through itsHeritage Services)important and Guildhall,theCouncilowns,occupies such astheRomanBaths,PumpRoomcomplex of direct Councilcontrol therefore varies.Incases historic. Manyproperties are leasedoutandthelevel around 60%ofcitycentre property, muchofit lies withintheB&NESdistrict.TheCouncilowns and districtcouncilcombined.ThewholeoftheWHS powers andfunctionsofanon-metropolitan county B&NES Councilisaunitaryauthoritywiththe the twouniversitiesandStJohn’s Hospitalcharity. Authority, HousingAssociations,theNationalTrust, Notable here are ownersincludingtheLocal influential inthegoodmanagementofsite. has historicallybeen(andcontinuestobe)highly Ownership byconservationmindedorganisations organisations whichholdlargeproperty portfolios. Aside from residents, there are anumberof Bath IndependentGuestHousesAssociation. associations plusassociatemembersincludingthe organisation representing 28localresident’s Association membership oftheFederationBathResident’s represented ontheWHSSteeringGroup through various ways.Asproperty ownerstheyare principally These citizensare includedinthesitemanagement buildings are intheownershipofprivatecitizens. Much ofthelandwithinsiteandmanyhistoric other significantstakeholders. of principalland/property ownersandthenin4.4of used. Thesectionbelowincludesabriefdescription owners havesignificantcontrol overhowtheirlandis ownership isanextremely importantelementas In termsofhowthesiteismanaged,property 4.3 Ownership (FoBRA). FoBRAisanumbrella the Countess ofHuntingdon’s Chapel (housingthe (operated asamuseum and Trust headquarters) and BPT ownsandmanages No.1RoyalCrescent Group. long-standing andactive memberoftheSteering museums) provides interpretation. TheBPTisa assistance, mobilisesvolunteersand(through its pushes forhighstandards, provides adviceand WHS theBPTprovides scrutiny ofmajordecisions, to holdwithintheUK.Inmanagementof agency; auniquepositionforheritageorganization self-sufficient andindependentofanycontrolling Prince ofWales intherole aspatron. Itisfinancially influence, withforexamplehisRoyalHighnessthe advice from itsmembershipandhassignificant members (UKandoverseas).Itdrawsuponexpert The BPThasapproximately 1,400subscribing applications andpolicyinitiatives. comments onplanningandlistedbuilding schemes ordemolitionofstructures anditroutinely campaigned onmanyproposals includingnewroad Trust hasrestored historicproperties, successfully charity, foundedin1934asapressure group. The Bath Preservation T mechanism. NT therefore provides ahighlyeffective management development. Landownershipbyabodysuchasthe gives itverystrong protection againstsaleor trust hasthepowertodeclare landinalienablewhich 1931) theAssemblyRooms.Byactofparliament, College. Asnotedabove,theNThaveowned(since mansion itselfremains intheownershipofPriorPark 1993) PriorParkLandscapeGardens. PriorPark Wood, RainbowWood FarmandFields(since The landincludesBathwickWood, Smallcombe A36 Warminster RoadandClavertonDownRoad. 500 acres oflandtotheeastBath,between The representation onthesteeringgroup. property owner, plusanotherconduitforresident will beCuro customers.Curo istherefore asignificant grade 1.Insomeareas afifthofthelocalpopulation centre. Manyproperties are listedbuildings,some homes are withinB&NES,witharound 530inthecity Curo. Around 10,000ofCuro’s stockof12,500 Community Trust, andthisrole hasnowpassedto social housingprovider toSomerHousing Bath. In1999BathCityCouncilpasseditsrole as Curo isanot-for-profit housingorganisationbasedin National T (NT) owns and manages over rust (NT)ownsandmanagesover (BPT) is an independent rust (BPT)isanindependent likely tobecovenanted againstdevelopment. often lieswithresidents associationsandtheland is ensembles. Responsibility andownershipofthese Crescent are integraltothose architectural crescents suchasRoyalCrescent andLansdown example, thegreen spacesfronting Georgian be separatefrom current ownershipisimportant.For Finally, therole oflegalcovenantsonland,whichmay whose properties border theriver. subject totheownershipofRiparianOwners its floodplains.AbovePulteney Weir, the Avon is Environment Agencyisresponsible fortheriverand joins withtheRiverAvon in thecentre oftheSite.The Avon sideand Canal,whichenters on theeastern British Waterways) ownsandmanagestheKennet& through theSite.TheCanalandRiverTrust (formerly infrastructure, includingtherailnetworkthatpasses owners. NetworkRailownsBritain’s railway Also worthyofmentionare therail,riverandcanal Street andthehistoricBeauford Square. Street, StCatherine’s andBellot’s hospitalonBeau Church HousebetweenWestgate BuildingsandBath including theStJohn’s HospitalcomplexandAbbey number ofhistoricproperties inandaround thecity, of theBathMunicipalCharitiesownandmanagea St John’s Hospital(founded1174)andtheTrustees students (2009). Gardens. TheUniversityhasapproximately 5,500 English Heritage’s RegisterofHistoricParksand the Universityare listedandNewtonParkison west ofthecity. Severalofthebuildingsoccupiedby the city, andtheotheratNewtonPark,justto situated aroundslopesof SionHill,onthenorthern Bath SpaUniversityhastwocampuses,one coming from outsideoftheUK. has approximately 15,155students Carpenter House,SouthgateStreet. TheUniversity at PulteneyStreet, BathwickHillandasiteat with forexamplesmallaccommodationsitessuchas Sport. TheUniversityalsohascitycentre property, educational facilitiesandtheNationalInstituteof shops andentertainmentinadditiontothe complex isself-containedwithaccommodation, on alargesiteattheedgeofGreen Belt.The The Herschel MuseumofAstronomy. trustee ofBeckford’s Tower, andisatrusteeofthe Museum ofBathArchitecture). TheTrust issole is sited at Claverton Down, University ofBathissitedatClavertonDown, 11 , 25% of them , 25%ofthem domestic andoverseastourism matters. Steering Group membersandkeypartnerson of thebusiestcentres inthecountry. BTP are active over 500,000visitors perannumandassuchisone InformationCentreVisitor receives scheme forover500localtourismbusinesses.Bath InformationCentrethe Visitor anda membership B&NES Council,andbyincome generatedthrough by guarantee),partiallyfundedpublicmoneyfrom organisation forBath.Itisaprivatecompany(limited Bath T body. between ICOMOSUKandthewiderinternational in section4.6anditisimportanttomakeadistinction cultural heritage.Thisorganisationisdescribedbelow ICOMOS UKisanadvisorybodyonmattersof closely withDCMSatnationallevel. Advice,whoworks well astheHeadofInternational regional office(Bristol)sitsontheSteeringGroup as development applications.Arepresentative from the planning authorityonpolicyand site managementbyengagingwithB&NESas HistoricEnglandplayanactiverole government. in monuments andadvisingcentrallocal preserving andlistinghistoricbuildings,ancient protecting thehistoricalenvironment ofEnglandby sponsored government byDCMS.Itistaskedwith executive non-departmentalpublicbodyofthe Historic England(formerlyEnglishHeritage)isan person. members oftheSteeringGroup butdonotattendin DCMS actingasthe‘stateparty’.are named the UNESCOWorld HeritageCentre willpassvia All formalcommunicationbetweenBathWHSand responsibility forWorld HeritageinEngland.Assuch. departmentwith (DCMS) isthegovernment The directly involvedinmanagement. who donotownlandbutare influentialand but there areagencies bodiessuchasgovernment owners describedabovewhoare alsostakeholders, WHS. There isobviousoverlaphere withtheland those whohaveastakeinthemanagementof ‘Stakeholders’ istheumbrella termusedtodescribe 4.4 Department ofCulture, MediaandSport Other keystakeholders. (BTP) is the destination marketing ourism Plus(BTP)isthedestinationmarketing

£243,000 their role andcollectivelyprovide worktothevalueof young people,whoreceive formaltrainingaspartof Co-ordinator post.Athird ofthesevolunteersare 300 volunteersunderthesupervisionofaVolunteer Museum,whichretainsthe Holburne approximately reliant uponvolunteers.An exampleisprovided by museums withinthesite,providing interpretation, are dependent uponvolunteerlabour. Manyofthe Trust andCanalRiverTrust are heavily regard toconservation,bodiessuchastheNational most councillorsinandsurrounding thesite.With Group Chairisanunpaidrole, asare thepositionsof apositionsuchastheSteering terms ofgovernance, the site,andassuchtheyare keystakeholders.In conservationandinterpretation in thegovernance, The role ofvolunteercitizenparticipationisessential Group. setting oftheWHSandisamemberSteering adjoining areas. ALCArepresents theparishesin councils andparishmeetingswithinB&NES member organisationrunbyandforthelocal A represented. Group. Secondaryschoolsare notcurrently Primary whoistheChairofBathTeacher’s Group bytheHeadTeacher atWeston AllSaints schools are currently represented ontheSteering site andassuchare importantstakeholders.The to thesite.Thepupilswillbefuture custodiansofthe There are around 21primaryschoolsinoradjacent evening economy. and runsa‘Nightwatch’servicetomanagethe ‘Great BathFeast’,operatestradewasteservices promotes eventssuchas‘BathinFashion’andthe promotes andmanageseventsinopenspaces, special binsforcigarette stubsandchewinggum,it street cleanliness,itintroduced initiativessuchas employs arangerteamtoprovide enhancedlevelsof which coversthecentralarea oftheWHS.TheBID 2011. More than700businessespayintotheBID, voted forbythebusinessesofBathandintroduced in an independent,notforprofit, businessledinitiative The BathBusinessImprovement District(BathBID)is (ALCA) is a von LocalCouncilsAssociation(ALCA)isa 12 perannumtothemuseum. international level,throughinternational tonationalandlocal. management structure ofthesite,from the The flowchartbelowshowsasimplified manage thesiteandsystemsthatare inplace. on toexplainhowtheyinteractwitheachother ownerships andkeystakeholders,thissectiongoes Having describedtheprincipalland/property 4.5 Management Systems (South West Region) Historic England Historic England (World HeritageManager– Department forCulture, WH Centre (Paris) Media andSport B&NES Council) WH Committee Steering Group Bath WHS UNESCO UNESCO (London) International ICOMOS ICOMOS (UK)

23 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 24 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 receiving payment secretary andskeletonstaff ofadministration basis, with(inthecaseofICOMOSUK)onlya ICOMOS UK).workslargelyonavoluntary Committees plus95National(including planners. There areScientific 27International geographers, anthropologists, engineersandtown historians, archaeologists, arthistorians, network ofinterdisciplinary expertsincluding archaeological heritage.ICOMOScomprisesofa technique totheconservationofarchitectural and application oftheory, methodology, andscientific world’s culturalheritageplaces.Itpromotes works fortheconservationandprotection ofthe organisationwhich international non-governmental Monuments andSites(ICOMOS).ICOMOSisa Councilon cultural WHS)istheInternational expert bodies.Ofprincipalrelevance toBath(asa The World HeritageCommitteeisadvisedbyseveral the workingsofthatorganisation. UK sites. charitable bodywhichprovides representation forall UNESCO andWorld HeritageUK(WH:UK),a are ICOMOSUK,theUKNationalCommissionfor management. Alsoinvolved atthisnational/locallevel England provide alinkbetween nationalandlocal region sitontheBathSteering Group. Historic and individualsites.Anofficerfrom theSouthwest (principallyfrom government theirLondonoffices) on themanagementchart,astheyadvisecentral inscription in2016.HistoricEnglandare showntwice with theearliestUKsitescelebrating30yearssince The UKisexperiencedindealingwithWHmatters, 4.7 and are advisedbyHistoricEngland. department responsible forWorld Heritagematters described aboveDCMSare thegovernment Bath) andUNESCOmustgoviathe‘stateparty’.As Any correspondence between‘theproperty’ (Cityof The UNESCOweb-site Centre (Paris)provides thecommitteeadministration. General Assembly. TheUNESCOWorld Heritage States PartiestotheConventionelectedbytheir once ayearandconsistsofrepresentatives from 21 The UNESCOWorld HeritageCommitteemeets 4.6 National andLocalManagement International Management International 15 14 . 13 gives a full explanation of givesafullexplanationof Council. Heritage Manager, afull-time employeeofB&NES liaison role withstakeholders isprovided bytheWorld WHS. Co-ordination ofthe steeringgroup andthe B&NES Councilare theprincipal steward ofthe fund are currently (2016)underdiscussion. groups toaddress educationandtheenhancement development ofthisplanandtheformationsub- the steeringgroup, althoughasub-group hasguided There are currently nopermanent sub-groups under and historictowns(2014) below from Thesustainablegrowth ofcathedralcities 2001 andisaneffective partnership,asthequote noted abovethisgroup hasbeenestablishedsince Steering Group hasanindependentChairperson.As which typicallymeetstwoorthree timesperyear. The The SteeringGroup isanon-executiveadvisorybody and majorlandownersare included. shown inAppendix5andallprincipalstakeholders members ofthegroup andtermsofreference are implementation ofthisManagementPlan.Current responsible forover-seeing theproduction and Locally, theCityofBathWHSSteeringGroup is a valuablecontextformanaginggrowth. heritage oftenlackingelsewhere.Allthishasbeen there isafeelingoflocalsharedresponsibilityfor how oneofitsfewglobalcity-scaleSitesfares, UNESCOtakingakeeninterestin needed. With Management Planexplainstheapproachthatis relation todevelopmentproposals,andtheWHS Outstanding UniversalValue ofthecityplaysoutin All partiesincreasinglyunderstandhowthe a focusaroundwhichthepartiescanlargelyagree. development andheritage,buttheWHSprovides be arecipeforwarofattritionbetween bodiesinthecity.array ofconservation Thiscould Trustthe BathPreservation leadsaformidable both asanauthorityandmajorlandowner, while B&NES Councilisasupporterofeconomicgrowth 16 demonstrates: demonstrates: see the government ‘PlanningPortal’ see thegovernment on theWHSanditsOUV. ForfurtherdetailsonEIAs, should considertheculturalimpactofproposal Regulations 2011 of theEnvironmental Impact Assessment(EIA) WHS are classedassensitiveareas forthepurposes 4.10 designated Heritage.Itstatesthat: decisions. TheNPPFclarifiesthatWHSare taken intoaccountinlocaldevelopmentmanagement NPPF isamaterialconsiderationwhichmustbe under the1972World HeritageConvention.The consistent withtheUKGovernment’s obligations historic environment, includingWHS,andis The NPPFsetsoutnationalplanningpolicyonthe highest levelsofprotection. designationsshouldreceive and international the Policy. Itgivesacommitmentthatareas withnational Planning stoneofGovernment (NPPF) isthecorner The 2012NationalPlanningPolicyFramework 4.9 with theemergenceofpublichealthacts. world, originatingasearlythenineteenthcentury one oftheoldestandmostrobust systemsinthe protecting theOUVofproperty. Thissystemis The UKplanningsystemisaprincipalmethodof 4.8 Heritage Sites,shouldbewhollyexceptional.’ and II*registeredparksgardens,World I battlefields, gradeIandII*listedbuildings, scheduled monuments,protectedwrecksites, assets ofthehighestsignificance,notably ‘‘Substantial harmtoorlossofdesignatedheritage Environmental ImpactAssessments National PlanningPolicy framework UK Planning,policyandlegislative 17 . EIAs for development in WHS . EIAsfordevelopmentinWHS 18 . also produced usefulguidanceaboutthis. or PlanningPermissioninBathWHS.ICOMOShave Statements are required forallworks requiring LBC caused bythedevelopmentproposal. Heritage assessment madeofpotentialharmorotherimpacts proportionate totheassets’importanceandan made bytheirsetting.Thelevelofdetailshouldbe heritage assetsaffected, includinganycontribution an applicanttodescribethesignificanceofany applications, localplanningauthoritiesshouldrequire The NPPFstates(inPPG12)thatindetermining 4.12 details. include aDAS.SeeagainthePlanningPortalfor Listed buildingconsent(LBC)applicationsmustalso applications mustalsobeaccompaniedbyaDAS. conservation areas andWHS,where somesmaller full andoutline.Lowerthresholds applyin planning applicationsformajordevelopment–both Procedure) Order 2010.ADASisrequired with Country Planning(DevelopmentManagement for allplanningapplicationsundertheTown and Design andAccessStatements(DAS)are required 4.11 4.13 cases theywillbeheard bytheDevelopment by planningofficers,orin thecaseofmore complex applications willeitherbe ‘delegated’decisionsmade system isparticipatory. Decisionsonindividual and managementofthe site through theplanning achieve consensus,butitdoesensure thatprotection can beveryinfluential.Thisprocess cannotalways comment ondevelopmentandpolicyproposals, and comments. Localamenitysocietieswillalsoregularly parkandridesiteattractedover4000 (eastern) an example,a2015consultationonpotentialnew enshrined inUKculture and heavilyusedinBath.As development proposals. This righttocommentis citizens canbothhelpshapepolicyandcomment on processes allowingpubliccomment,ensuringthat development applications.Bothactivitiesinclude the frameworkofNPPFandassessing are responsible forsettinglocalplanningpolicywithin B&NES Councilare thelocalplanningauthority. They Assessments Heritage Statements/HeritageImpact Design andAccessStatements Local PlanningPolicy 19

Universal Value oftheWorld HeritageSite. weighed againstthelevelofharmtoOutstanding adapting toclimatechange,thisbenefitwillbe demonstrable publicbenefit,includingmitigating and Heritage Site.Wheredevelopmenthasa equally todevelopmentwithinthesettingofWorld authenticity orintegrity. This presumptionapplies Universal Value oftheWorld HeritageSite,its that wouldresultinharmtotheOutstanding There isastrongpresumptionagainstdevelopment Policy B4TheWorld HeritageSiteanditsSetting Universal Value: development whichwouldharmitsOutstanding which seekstoprotect theWHSanditsSettingfrom Plan. TheCore Strategycontainsthefollowingpolicy policy andformsPart1ofthenewemergingLocal policy, theCorestoneoflocal Strategyisthecorner stoneofnational Just astheNPPFiscorner transportation, tourism,housingandemployment. it alsocoverslocalcommunityfacilities, management ofdevelopmentandsustainability, and a rangeofotherpoliciesrelating tothecontrol and gardens andmanyothers.Inadditiontothis,there is wildlife andgeologicalsites,historicparks remains andancientmonuments,woodland, development withinsensitiveareas, archaeological such aslistedbuildingsandconservationareas, historic andnaturalenvironments, coveringissues raft ofplanningpoliciesfortheprotection ofthe The DevelopmentPlantakenasawholecontains Waste Core Strategy(2011). Local Plan(2007)andtheWest ofEnglandJoint ‘saved’ policiesfrom theBath&NorthEastSomerset comprises theCore Strategy(adoptedJuly2014), The DevelopmentPlanforB&NEScurrently 4.14 democratic andopen. that theplanningprocess isagainbothparticipatory, of democraticallyelectedlocalcouncillors,ensuring Management Committee.Thiscommitteecomprises The Development Plan The DevelopmentPlan prior consentapplications. Applicationsare also matters, andretains aconsultantgeologisttoassess Council employsatrained officertodealwiththese Batheaston thedepthlimit increases to50m.The on thevalleyslopesand beyond thecityto to 15minazonealongtheRiverAvon’s floodplain, consent isrequired is5m,thecriticaldepthextends central area closetothesprings limitbelowwhich requires priorconsentfrom theCouncil. In city where excavationdeeper thanprescribed limits This Actidentifiesthree concentric zoneswithinthe measures toprotect thewatersupplyofsprings. giving B&NESCouncilpowerstotakereasonable County ofAvon Act(1982) isanActofParliament the hotspringssinceRoyalCharterof1591.The evolutions) hasbeenchargedwiththeprotection of The Council in Bath (through its various organisational 4.15 Plan policieswillbereplaced through thisPlan. adopted, themajorityofremaining savedLocal little weightcanbeattributedtoitatthisstage.When stages inthestatutoryplanpreparation process and The PlacemakingPlan(asof2016)isintheearly development proposals withintheCity. buildings anddesignvaluestoguidesensitive Examples includeguidanceovertheheightofnew provides thepolicyguidancetoaddress issues. multiple examplesforwhichthePlacemakingPlan management. TheActionPlan(chapter6)contains This isakeydocumentintermsofWHS the provision ofnecessaryinfrastructure. sustainable, welllocateddevelopmentsupportedby policy frameworktopromote anddeliverhighquality, Strategy bysettingoutarobust andpositiveplanning deliver thestrategicframeworksetoutinCore planning policies.Itcomplementsandseeksto development andoutlinesadistrict-widesuiteof The PlacemakingPlanallocatesspecificsitesfor which willformPart2oftheemergingLocalPlan. B&NES Councilisprogressing aPlacemakingPlan setting oftheWHS. assessment oftheimpactdevelopmenton guidance fordevelopersregarding therequired 2013) Setting SupplementaryPlanningDocument(August This policyissupportedbyTheCityofBathWHS 20 Protection oftheHotSprings whichprovides adetailedbackground and

assistance toward buildingmaintenanceorrepair. private householdersto obtain financialgrant ended in1995/6anditis nowalmostimpossiblefor However,jointly bycentralandlocal government. this historic buildingrepair grants programme, funded funding. Bathbenefittedgreatly from afortyyear Also ofrelevance istheincentive provided bygrant in thischapterare predominantly basedoncontrol. The managementsystemsandmechanismsoutlined 4.17 does notevenregister asarisktoOUVinBath. checked, accidentsare veryrare andthisactivity and fortheballoonsthemselvestobesafety trained, licensed,medicallyassessedandinsured Authority, therequirement for allballoonpilotstobe of theregulations imposedbytheUKCivilAviation was askedifthisaproblem inBath,butbecause popular butapotentialrisktothefabricofsite.It WHS ofBagan,Myanmar, where hotairballooning is that BathWHSreceived from thetentativeUNESCO complexity ofcontrol isdemonstratedbyanenquiry have theirownmanagingbodies.Thedepthand systems inplace,andtherailway, riverandcanal exemption’) astheyhavetheirowncontrol for listedbuildingconsent(under‘ecclesiastical Christian denominationsare exemptfrom theneed control vehiclemovementandparking,the5main building construction,trafficActsand regulations example buildingregulations applystandards tonew above, butthere are manyothersinplace.For mechanisms impactingontheOUVare outlined and legislationaffecting theWHS.Themain a wealthofinteractingmanagementmechanisms As statedintheintroduction tothischapterthere are 4.16 process tomonitorpotentialimpacts. entering intolegalagreements through theplanning with WhatleyQuarry, some15milessouthofBath, quarrying inthesurrounding region isalsomonitored, minute basis. Asaprecautionary measure, deep and contentbytheCouncil,onanautomatedfifteen The hotspringwaterismonitored atsource forflow Agency. submitted toahydro-geologist attheEnvironment Funding Incentives Other ManagementMechanisms

working wholly in harmony with the expectations of working whollyinharmony withtheexpectationsof which suggeststhatthe planning systemisnot exclusively beentriggered bymajordevelopments, monitoring missionssent totheUKhavealmost had already beenissued.Thehighnumberofreactive visited thecity, legallybinding planningpermissions UNESCO/ICOMOS reactive monitoringmissionhad Western Riversidedevelopment,bythetimeajoint report toUNESCOandwhen. InthecaseofBath Bath itcanbeadifficultjudgementcallastowhat to citysuchas experienced inacontemporarywestern theconstantchange the OUVofproperty’. With restorations ornewconstructions whichmayaffect State Partyisrequested to informUNESCOof‘major section 172oftheUNESCOOperatingGuidelines struggle tokeeppacewithurbanchange.Under recognised. Internationally, theWHsystemcan There are otherpotentialgapswhichcanbe 2013) isbuiltintotheprogramme. Group membersandareview (thelastonebeingin Changes willalsotakeplaceamongstSteering therefore onlyefficientif repeated asnecessary. from training,andmanagementofsuchmeasures is politicians. Thesekeydecisionmakersmaybenefit (as theydidin2015)awidespread changeoflocal elections takeplaceeveryfouryearsandcanresult Mechanisms doneedtobekeptunderreview. Local systems are workingwell. conservation withintheWHSdemonstratesthat well established,triedandtested.Thegoodstateof systems inplaceare extensiveandtoalargepart This chapterdemonstratesthatthemanagement 4.18 high standard. promoted andenabledconservationprojects toa The World HeritageEnhancementFundhasalso pointing techniques. work includingtrainingvolunteersinwallingandlime subsequently embarkedonextensiveconservation works toSmallcombeCemetery, andhave obtained agrantof£46,800inDecember2014for group theFriendsofSt.MarysChurchyards, who workmanship. Anexampleofthisisthecommunity funding generallyinsistonhighstandards of charities, andtheconditionsthatcomewiththis Funding doesexistfornot-for-profit groups and Analysis ofcurrent management

25 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 26 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 momentum. personnel wouldresult inalossofknowledgeand management inthesiteandariskthatlossofkey below there are afewkeypeopleinvolvedinWH Finally, asidentifiedintheriskassessmentoutlined and production ofamanagementstrategy. address thisthrough theformationofapartnership complicated andcostly. Thisplansupportsactionto undesirable activitiesofboatershere, legalactionis for thisstretch ofriverandifthere are problems with is currently (2016)norecognised navigationauthority Kennet andAvon Canal,andPulteneyBridge.There junctionoftheriverand between theWidcombe best exampleofthisisthestretch oftheRiverAvon and somegapsinmanagementresponsibility. The management ofnaturalwatercoursesintheWHS There are multipleagenciesinvolvedinthe systems needtobeclarifiedisinrivermanagement. management across theWHS,anarea where Whilst thischapteroutlinestightenvironmental importance oftheWHS. each newdecisionmakerneedstounderstandthe historic buildingswhichtheyare stewards of,and described, haveaveryshortlifecompared tothe influence decisionmakerswhich,aspreviously There isalsoacontinuingneedtotrain,educateand address thesesmallchangesaswellitcould. planning systemoutlinedabovedoesnotalways enough ofthesecanimpactontheOUV. The private buildingsmaynotappearaproblem, but cumulative change.Forexample,minoralterationsto The siteisvulnerabletosmallscaledetrimental are welcomed. UNESCO toget‘upstream’ ofmajordevelopments the UNESCOconvention.Current movesby lines and internet advice lines andinternet food businesses,plusemergencyadvicetelephone Emergency Plan,guidanceforhouseholdersand mitigation measures are inplace,includingaFlood Agency andagainarangeofassessment The leadbodyonfloodriskistheEnvironment insurance inplace. open tothepublicwillhavetheirownstrategiesand Each individualbuildingorattraction,especiallythose centre evacuationplan. to arangeofpossibleemergenciessuchascity Manual (2012) produce guidancesuchastheCommunityResilience Resilience Forumthesebodiesworktogetherand Team. Through theAvon andSomersetLocal services, plustheCouncil’s EmergencyPlanning for thecityisprovided bythefire, policeandhealth monument isinscribed.Genericemergencyresponse differs from asitewhere anindividualcomplexor Risk assessmentovertheextensivesiteofBath strategies. World HeritageSitemanagementplansandtraining include riskpreparednessasanelementintheir 118. TheCommitteerecommendsthatStateParties (July 2015)recommend thatitisaddressed: management andUNESCOOperatingGuidelines Risk assessmentandresponse isakeytoolinsite 4.19 been published. this isbackground working documentandhasnot are inplacetoprotect theOUV. Atthetimeofwriting gap-analysis tooltoensure allnecessarymeasures assessment tableiskeptandusedprimarilyas In termsofspecificWHmanagement,arisk Risk management 21 22 andplannedco-ordinated responses 23 . Plan. and there isanactiontoconfirmthisintheAction monitoring. Itisplannedtocontinuewiththiscycle proved anefficientandeffective methodof biennial progress reporting tothe SteeringGroup basis. There were 71actionsinthe2010planand actions, thishasbeenundertakenonatwoyear regardWith tothe monitoringofmanagementplan provide thenecessarydatatoassessit. mechanisms are inplacetoflagupanyproblem and existence ofindividualinformationsources ensures report iscompiledorconsidered necessary. The do so.Therefore nolocalregular WHmonitoring sources iscurrently outweighedbythetimetakento benefit of regularly collatingthesefrom individual Baths). Giventhesizeandcomplexityofsite, individual monuments(forexample,theRoman Building Control) andconservationmonitoringof monitoring ofwaterflowtheHotSprings(Council traffic counts(CouncilHighways)through todetailed (collected byBathBusinessImprovement District), Team), shopvacancyandcitycentre footfall England andtheCouncil’s PlanningandConservation Plus), listedbuildingsatrisk(collectedbyHistoric from tourismstatistics(collectedbyBathTourism available toassessthesitecondition.Theserange Locally, there are manydifferent monitoringindicators be spotted. 2013. Thisisahighlevelexercise enablingtrends to Periodic Reporting.Thistookplacein2005and UNESCO monitorstheconditionofallsitesthrough monitoring oftheimplementationPlanactions. monitoring oftheconditionSiteandsecondly Monitoring fallsintotwocategories.Firstlythere is 4.20 Monitoring 23 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/your-council-and-democracy/ 22 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/your-council-and-democracy/ 21 http://whc.unesco.org/en/guidelines/ 20 19 http://www.icomos-uk.org/world-heritage/ 18 http://planningguidance.planningportal.gov.uk 17 16 15 http://worldheritageuk.org/ 14 http://www.icomos.org/en/ 13 http://whc.unesco.org/en/about/ 12 11 10 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/planning-and-building-control/ 9 http://www.bathworldheritage.org.uk/documents 8 7 www.bathworldheritage.org.uk 6 5 4 3 2 1 emergencies/flooding emergencies Supplementary%20Planning%20Document.pdf heritage/World%20Heritage%20Site%20Setting%20 http://www.bathworldheritage.org.uk/sites/world_heritage_site/files/ The CityofBathWHSSettingSupplementaryPlanningDocument Environmental ImpactAssessmentpara32). Interpretation section,pararef 2(1)“sensitiveareas” (d))andPPG Heritage Green Balance,withDavidBurton-Pye.CommissionedbyEnglish The sustainablegrowth ofcathedralcitiesandhistorictowns.2014. Calculation basedonpaymentattheUKstatutoryminimumwage. 2013/14 HigherEducationStatisticsAgencyfigures. planning-policy/core-strategy-examination Decision ref: WHC-13/37.COM/8E sessions/33COM Decision ref: 33Com/7B.13.http://whc.unesco.org/en/ sessions/33COM Reference: WHC-09/33.Com/7B.http://whc.unesco.org/en/ Decision ref: 32Com/7B.116 planning consentbeingissuedbyB&NESCouncil. This educationalestablishmentwasneverconstructeddespitegaining www.bathworldheritage.org.uk/ On behalfoftheDepartmentEnvironment (1986).Seehttp:// 1988. without anyconditions:RefSC-97/CONF.005/9 Paris,20January 27 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 28 Management5 Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 addressed Issues tobe of Consultationdocumentaccompanyingthisplan. Full detailsofconsultationare givenintheStatement consultation. importance, issueshaveemergedthrough fullpublic suggested issues.Finally, butofnolesser representatives andresulted in a widerangeof April 2015)hadaninvitedaudienceof154 Thirdly, amajorstakeholderconsultationevent(21 consideration whenthe2010planwascompiled). example ‘fracking’whichwasnotunder assessment duringthelifeofprevious plan(for Secondly, issueshavearisenthrough risk unmet ambitions(relocation ofBathRecord Office). development oftheBathrugbyground) orasyet group), longtermprojects (forexamplethere– -present (forexamplerunninganefficientsteering plan. Issuesmayremain relevant asbeingever Firstly, there are itemsrolled forward from the2010 The issueswere gathered from a numberofsources. 5.2 not harmedbythischange. to ensure thattheOUVandauthenticityofsiteare economically productive. Theaimsofthisplanseek remains fitfortheneedsofitscitizensand Managed changeishealthyinensuringthecity uncontrolled, thiscanbeathreat totheOUV. growth. cityandif Changeisinevitableinamodern Many issuesidentified result from changeand identified toaddress them. of BathWHS,andtheobjectivesactions issues, challengesandopportunitiesfacingtheCity arising from WHSstatus.Thischaptersetsoutthe vulnerabilities andthreats, andtheopportunities have athorough understandingoftheSite,its To achieveeffective management,itisessentialto 5.1 Introduction How theissueswere gathered address them. issues andtheobjectivesactionsdesignedto The followingsectionsconcentrateonexplaining the • • • • • • Other issueheadingscovered are: • • • • • shown below: are deemedtobeofequalimportanceandare identified 5prioritysubjectareas forthisplan.These Of theissuesraised,SteeringGroup have 5.4 Priorities this plan. another strategyandthere isnoneedforanactionin may bethattheobjectiveisbeingdelivered by This objectiveisthenpickedupunderanaction,orit Valid issuesare subsequentlylinkedtoobjectives. addressed byotherstrategies. indirectly related totheOUVofsiteandbest there willinevitablybeissuesraisedwhichare that thisisnotagenericcitymanagementplan,and subsequently checkedforvalidity. Chapter3explains The issueswere gathered, tabulatedand 5.3 Administrative Management Management Visitor Accessibility andInclusivity Research Funding Conservation Environmental Resilience Interpretation andEducation Public Realm Transport Managing Development How theissuesare used Policy Frameworkencouragesthisapproach developers tousethisprocess. TheNationalPlanning lead thewayonthisandencourageprivatesector design review process. TheCouncilisexpectedto for Architecture andtheBuiltEnvironment (CABE) plan. Thecurrent proposal istousetheCommission the re-establishment ofadesignadvisorypanelinthis initiative haslapsed.There isanactionconcerning development atBathWesternRiverside,butthis experts wasconvenedtoadviseonprevious An ‘UrbanRegenerationPanel’ofeminentdesign sets outhowthisdevelopmentwillbedelivered. site in early 2016. A Masterplan Vision Report (2014 site inearly2016.AMasterplanVision and newimproved cycleroutes. Work startedon new publicopenspace,abridgeacross theriver creation of9,000newjobs,3,400homeswith redevelopment opportunitypotentiallyoffers the edgeoftheWHS.Thismajor the western river toLocksbrook andBrassmillTrading Estateat Cattlemarket sitesinWalcot Street rightalongthe development area extendsfromand theCornmarket alongside theRiverAvon intheheartofsite.This redevelopment ofa98hastretch oflandrunning Bath CityRiversideisthegenericnamefor which are already underway. Strategy andsomemajorindividualprojects, manyof housing uses,sitesguidedbytheCore the BathCityRiversidearea foremploymentand notable elementsofthisincludere-development of another significantphaseofdevelopment.Most During theforthcomingplanperiodBathwillwitness 5.5 but aninvitationtoexcel’. Thisplanrelies uponthe Heritage, statingthat‘The WHSisnotaconstraint, design values.Indoingso itreferences World emerging PlacemakingPlan which deviatedfrom thismaterialorstyle.The architecture aboutnewbuildings causedconcern of localstoneandpredominance ofneo-classical visual uniformityofthesiteduetowidespread use identified asanissueinprevious plans.Thestrong Building designandcontemporaryarchitecture was major developmentapplications. Action 1: development donotharmtheOUVofSite Objective 1: Managing Development Re-establish a design advisory panel for panelfor Re-establish adesignadvisory Ensure that new buildings and other Ensure thatnewbuildingsandother 3 for the first time sets out forthefirsttimesetsout 2 . 1 ) which havethepotential todirectly impactuponthe There are likelytobeanumber ofmajorproposals is importantandshould not beunderestimated. the OUV, althoughincremental impactupontheOUV WHS eachyear. Mostwillnothaveamajorimpact on and listedbuildingsapplicationsoriginatingfrom the Section 4.13outlinesthehighnumberofplanning safeguarded. that thesignificanceofWHS’s OUVis major plans&strategiesaffectingthesitetoensure Action 3: propose actionswhichwouldharmtheOUV. documents takefullaccountoftheWHSanddonot Objective 2: and strategiesaffecting thesite. relevant emergingpolicywork,plusothermajorplans therefore includedtopromote engagement withall policy accord withtheaimsofthisplan.Anactionis full accountoftheWHSinorder thattheprovisions of for theCore Strategyandotherdocumentstotake decision making.Theissuehere isthatitessential 2014 andassuchgivesanuptodatebasisforkey was formallyadoptedbytheCouncilon10thJuly planning applications.TheCore StrategyforB&NES Strategy, whichwillbeusedinthedeterminationofall Chief amongstlocalplanningdocumentsistheCore shows theextentandrangeofthesedocuments. evidence. TheselectedbibliographyinAppendix7 wide rangeofplanningpolicy, strategiesand New developmentwithintheWHSisguidedbya Heights StrategyasaSPD. Placemaking Plan&bytheadoptionofaBuilding effectively managedthroughtheapplicationof Action 2: properly addressed inallrelevant cases. action isincludedtoensure thatbuildingheightis informing theLocalDevelopmentFramework.An the Councilandformspartofevidencebase Strategy (September2010) the OUV. Inresponse tothis,BathBuildingHeight WHS isanacknowledgedissueandpotentialriskto impact uponviewsandthegeneralcharacterof The heightofnewbuildingsandtheconsequent considered necessary. design andaspecificactioninthisplanisnot Placemaking Plantoguideissuesofnewbuilding Engage withallemergingplanningpolicy, Ensure thattheissueofbuildingheightis Ensure that all relevant new policy Ensure thatallrelevantnewpolicy 4 was commissioned by wascommissionedby 500,000 peopleayear. Voids beneaththeAbbey project. Thegrade1listed Abbeywelcomesnearly which isbothaconservationandenhancement amongst others. The Victorian heating system will be heatingsystemwillbe amongst others.TheVictorian to beusedbylocalprimary andsecondaryschools proposed, alongwithanewsongschoolinthevaults contemporary Abbeyinterpretation centre is building. 200sq.mofnew spacetoprovide a facilities toservethe1,000peoplewhocanfill congregational venue,and hasforexamplenotoilet of thefacilitiesnecessarytosustainitasamodern the historicstonefloor. The buildingalsolacksmany the structuralstabilityofbuildingandespecially many asaresult ofburials, are apotentialthreat to The BathAbbeyfootprintproject warranting thesupportofthisplan. attribute oftheOUV. Itisconsequentlyidentifiedas the complexisofhighheritagesignificanceandan funding. Asagradell*listedbuildingwithintheWHS, Trust andhasreceived (stage1)HeritageLottery project isbeingmanagedbytheClevelandPools were re-directed tothenewSports Centre. The and survivedinuseuntil1984whenpublicfunds in 1815)were builtwithprivatemoneyforpublicuse, and re-open itforcommunityuse.Thepools(opened UK’s onlysurvivingGeorgianopenairswimmingpool The ClevelandPoolsproject seekstorestore the submission andthe2014updatereport toUNESCO. Mission Report,the2013UNESCOPeriodicReport development wasflaggedupinthe2009UNESCO potential tonegativelyimpactuponkeyviews.This economic gainandcivicpride,butthere isalsothe both opportunityandrisk,asRugbybrings many years.Thisproposed developmentrepresents over thelandanddiscussionhasbeenon-goingfor have beendelayedbyCharityCommissionrulings rise from 12,000toaround 16,500spectators.Plans Proposals are likelytoseethecapacityofground and developthisgroundstandards. tomodern played here in1894andwishtoremain inthecity close proximity toPulteneyBridge.Theclubfirst Rec’) whichissituatedalongsidetheRiverAvon in Bath RugbyplayattheRecreation Ground (‘The monitored. specifically namedinaction4tobecarefully Riverside development,fivedevelopmentsare proposed through thecore strategyandtheBathCity UNESCO. Inadditiontothehousingdevelopment OUV andwhichmaypotentiallytriggerreferrals to 5 is another scheme isanotherscheme 6 , e. d. c. b a. site, includingthefollowing: development whichmayimpactupontheOUVof the Action 4: included inthe2014UNESCO be anissueforthisplan.Areport ontheproject was these worksare carriedoutistherefore considered to other structures inthesiteitself.Themannerwhich including worksto21bridges,BathSpaStationand impact andrequire considerablemodification, overhead wiring.Thiswillhavesignificantvisual power electricratherthandieseltrains,using Gardens. Therailwayiscurrently beingconvertedto connected withattributesofOUVsuchasSydney cultural landscapeandpassesthoughareas directly However, therailwayiscloselyintegratedwith therefore beviewedasbeingtangentialtotheOUV. insertion could 1838-1841 andasanearlyVictorian The railwaythrough Bathopenedinstagesfrom enhancement. sensitivity ofthelocationandopportunityfor scheme isincludedasanissueduetothehigh development oftheadjoiningBathRugbyClub.The proposals, andanyschemeislikelytotie-inwith There isnotimescaleforremoval orfirmdesign flooding, butupon review itisnolonger required. was toautomaticallycontrol waterflowtoprevent downstream ofPulteneyBridge.Itsoriginalpurpose river adjacenttoPulteneyWeir andimmediately the BathFloodDefencescheme,islocatedon Pulteney RadialGate,constructedin1972aspartof presents. archaeology andtheopportunitiesthatscheme scale oftheworks,sensitivitybuildingand value is£19.3manditincludedinaction4dueto be usedtosupplementheating.Thetotalscheme thermal waterfrom theRomanBathsGreat Draincan replaced, withinvestigationsunderwaytoseeif The railelectrificationproject Replacement oftheradial gateatPulteneyWeir the BathAbbeyFootprint Project Conservation &enhancementworksaspartof & anattributeconveyingOUV Cleveland Poolsproject as alistedbuildingatrisk stadium attheRecreation Ground The developmentofasporting,cultural&leisure Engage with proposals for major Engage withproposalsformajor 7 updatereport.

29 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 30 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 outstripping supply ride carparkingspaces,withdemandfrequently measures (there are currently (2015)2,860park& city. Whilstthere isapparent demandforsuch exploration ofapotentialnewsitetotheeast expansion ofexistingparkandridefacilities Council andcontainsarangeofmeasures including was adoptedon13thNovember2014byB&NES (17a). The‘GettingAround Bath’transportstrategy Comprehensive Traffic ManagementPlanfortheSite’ priority andcontainedanactionto‘bringforward a previous managementplanlistedtransportasa pressures, bothwithinthesiteandinitssetting.The recognises thatBathremains vulnerabletotransport The integritysectionofthestatementOUV parking ofprivatevehiclesisproblematic. businesses. Carownershiplevelsare alsohighand and otherdetrimentalimpactonresidents and therefore becongested,withresulting airpollution road routes passthrough thecity. Roadscan North-south (A36/A46)andeast-west(A4)principal planning restrictions ruleoutaringroad orby-pass. protected landscapebeyond,bothtopographyand issue. Beingcontainedwithinahollowinthehillswith Transport andmovingaround theWHSisamajor 5.6 Transport South Gloucestershire Council.Anaction recognises the motorwaynetworkto thenorthwhichwillinvolve ThereWiltshire. are accessto also issuesconcerning neighbouring localauthority areas, especially will involvediscussionsabout theroad networkin ports onthesouthcoast) andre-routing thistraffic (typicallyfrom may bemakinglongjourneys ferry - seeAction26).Heavygoodsvehiclesinparticular through thesite(andimpact thishasonairquality the detrimentalimpactofthrough trafficpassing The GettingAround Bathstrategy alsorecognises setting. unacceptable impactontheOUVofWHS& its relate totheWHS&seekensuretheyhaveno Transport Strategy(2014)objectivesinsofarasthey Action 5: in thecitycentre. and encouragepromotelesscaruse,especially Objective 3: account oftheimpactonWHS. action isincludedtoensure thatproposals takefull implementation couldalsoharmtheOUVandan Monitor and engage with the delivery of the ofthe Monitor andengagewiththedelivery Work tocontroltrafficgrowthandharm, 8 ) andbenefitscouldfollow, Realm andMovement Strategy the lastplanperiod,with theproduction ofaPublic need ofrepair. Significant progress wasmadeduring with thisanditisfareasier tofindpavingsurfacesin improvement ofstreet surfaces hasnotkeptpace historic buildinginthesite. Oneissuehere isthatthe century, sothattodayit israre tofindadilapidated steadily through thelastquarter ofthetwentieth The conservationofbuildingsinthecityprogressed fabric survives. use oftheGeorgiancityandsignificantauthentic pavements andpublicsquares were integraltothe attributes ofOUV, asplanned spacessuchasbroad realm inthehistoriccityhas direct connectiontothe and spacesbetweenbuildings.Muchofthepublic The publicrealm refers predominantly tothestreets 5.7 the OUV. they deliversustainabletraveloptionwhilstprotecting programme ofcyclingimprovements&ensurethat Action 7:Engagewith&supportthecurrent support thiswork. OUV, andactionisincludedtoengagewith investment willbenefitandimpactonattributesof improvements from 2015-2018.Giventhatthis City CycleAmbitionFunding,whichwillbeusedfor has recently madeasuccessfulbidfor£3.8millionof maintain thehistoricenvironment. B&NESCouncil canal, soinvestmentintheseroutes alsohelpsto of theformerSomersetandDorsetrailway cycle routes inthesitefollowhistorictransportroutes previous plan,andfurtherworksare planned.Main and thecyclehire schemewere achievedduringthe site. Significantimprovements tocycleinfrastructure sustainable meansoftransportinandaround the Despite thesteephillsides,cyclingprovides a the WHS. impact ofmajorroadtrafficroutespassingthrough toreducethe neighbouring authoritiesasnecessary Action 6: planning. bodies takefullaccountoftheWHSintheirstrategic Objective 4: is animportantWHconsideration. the needforthisengagementandclarifiesthatit Public Realm Engage with central government & Engage withcentralgovernment& Ensure that other national and regional Ensure thatothernationalandregional 9 andfrom thisa ‘smartphones’ brings new opportunities for ‘smartphones’ bringsnewopportunities for andincreasing of theinternet ownershipof expectations around interpretation. use Widespread Another issueisthechanging methodsand there remains more todoandthisisoneissue. undertaken oninterpretation sincesiteinscriptionbut interpretation. Asignificant amountofworkhasbeen resulting inmanypartners being activelyinvolvedin geographical area andare inmultipleownerships, attributes ofOUVare spread across awide barriers ofthesizeandcomplexitysite.The Interpreting theOUVofBath mustovercome the OUV ofBath. explaining themeaningofsomething,inthiscase the Interpretation withthe isprimarilyconcerned 5.8 Interpretation for doingso. within thesitetovehicleswherethereisavalidcase vehicular traffic&continuetheclosureofkeystreets Action 10: Close programmed forcompletionin2017. going work,withashared spaceschemeforSaw Borough Walls are thelatestschemesinthison- Dials, andtopartiallycloseStallStreet andLower supported bythisplan.Works in2014/5toSeven (predominantly citycentre) streets isimportantand pedestrians overvehiculartrafficinkey most walkablecity. Aspartofthis,theprioritisation 5.6) includesanambitiontomakeBaththeUK’s The ‘Gettingaround Bath’Transport Strategy(see works intheWHS. toguidestreet adhered to&updatedasnecessary Action 9: pavement surfaces. improvements, especiallywithregardtopoor Action 8: design standardsallowinggoodaccessibilitytoall. developments arecompletedtohighandconsistent Objective 5:Ensurethatnewstreetworksandother used tofulleffect. this planwillbetoensureBookis thatthePattern quality andconsistentapproach. Arelated issuefor manual forpublicrealm worksandpromotes ahigh Book(tobepublished2016)whichformsa Pattern Ensure that the Bath Pattern Book is Ensure thattheBathPatternBookis Continue toimplementpublicrealm Continue to reduce the impact of Continue toreducetheimpactof established for80years expert volunteerlocalguideswhichhasbeen proud Bathtraditionoffree walkingtoursledby the MayorofBath’s CorpofHonoraryGuides, a Continued supportisalsosoughtforgroups suchas appropriate) formuseums and otherattractions). in thisplantosupportfurtherfundingbids(where and newinitiativesasappropriate. There isanaction WHS SteeringGroup willcontinuetosupportexisting therefore anelementof‘businessasusual’andthe current offers isacontinualprocess. There is Provision ofinterpretation andtherefreshing of plan periodhavebeenset. them, prioritiesforinterpretation intheforthcoming other work),andthegapanalysiscontainedwithin September 2011).Asaresult ofthesestudies(and and asubsequentdiscussionpaper(Tony Crouch resulting inanInterpretation Study(Lynne May2011) an actionoftheprevious plan,predominantly Studies ofinterpretation methodswere carriedoutas 25,000 cards nowincirculation. some museumshasalsobeenpromising, with Cards’, whichallowfree accessforlocalpeopleto new WHSweb-site.Thetakeupof‘Discovery UNESCO logoonway-findingstreeta furnitureand the production ofself-guidedtrailleaflets,usethe Museum, through tosmallscaleinitiativessuchas Royal Crescent, theRomanBathsandHolburne improvement ofmajormuseumsincludingNumber1 major interventions,suchasextensionand increased significantly. Thisimprovement rangesfrom interpretation overtheprevious planperiodhave methods isshowninAppendix6.Levelsof The current situationwithregard tointerpretation promote citizeninvolvement. encourage co-ordinationamongstprovidersand OUV, especiallyintangiblevaluesandcontinueto Objective 6: may quicklybecomeout-dated. interpretation, butalsomeansthatexistingmethods tell thewhole storyofBathasaWHS. Interpretation A primaryobjectiveforinterpretation istobeable currently (2016)listedasthetopattractioninBath. Excellence from Tripadvisor (2015)where theyare evidenced bytheawardof oftheirfifthCertificate Voluntary relevance Service.Theirmodern is the sameyearwere awarded theQueen’s Award for approximately 34,000people around in2014,and Work toincreaseinterpretationofthe 10 . The guides led . Theguidesled to tieinwithanattribute of OUV. Attendance figures Landscape Gardens withadifferent themeeachyear at KingstonParade,Sydney Gardens andPriorPark and aidinginterpretation. Theeventhasbeenstaged which playasignificant role inincreasing awareness which havebeenstagedeveryAprilsince2009and There isaspecificactionto supportWHDayevents, Action 12: open andaccessibleaccountabletoall. group meetings,helpingto makemanagementmore now carriesitemssuchasminutesfrom steering bathworldheritage.org.uk waslaunchedin2015 and improvement oftheWHweb-site.Anewsitewww. There isalsoanactiontosupportthecontinued of theArchwayproject. Action 11: centre atpremises inYork Street. steering group willseektorealise thedeliveryofthis centre. Duringthismanagementplanperiodthe consensus around theneedforaWHInterpretation There istherefore long-termand widelyheld World muchneeded. Heritagepropertyisvery richandcomplex interpretation centreforthisvery Centre andICOMOSalsostronglyfeelthatan Baths, Circus,RoyalCrescent).TheWorld Heritage bearing theOutstandingUniversalValue (e.g.Roman homogenous interpretationforalltheattributes Party toembarkonareinforced,integratedand World HeritageCentreandICOMOSinvitetheState regardstointerpretationoftheproperty,With the stated: ICOMOS reactive monitoringmissiontoBath,which validated bythereport ofthe2008jointUNESCO/ ‘Archway’ project. Theneedforacentre wasalso Heritage LotteryFundundertheworkingtitleof and thisplanperiodsawamajorsubmissiontothe centre. The2010-2016plandevelopedthisambition, an actionrelating toinvestigatingtheneedfora The 2003-2009WHSManagementPlancontained held ambition. Interpretation Centre toachievethishasbeenalong people totheseprovisions. AWorld Heritage central ‘hub’toshowtheoverallpicture andtodirect being explainedatdifferent places,butlackinga is currently dispersed,withdifferent attributesofOUV Maintain &improvetheWHSweb-site. Deliver aWHInterpretationCentreaspart ‘designated’ archivescollection. CentretohousetheCouncil’sone-stop-shop History Action 16: better facilities. support theon-goingambitiontofind(andfund) appropriate conditions.An actionisincludedto required tokeepthisexpandingcollectionin issue here isthatthisbuilding lacksthefacilities housed inthebasementofGuildhalland of lostarchitectural features. TheRecord Officeis the site, by for example guiding accurate replacement an importantfactorinpreserving theauthenticityof take onthistask.Theexistenceoftheserecords is part timestaff. Inotherareas, aCountyCouncilmight Archives Record OfficewithafulltimeArchivist3 and The Cityhasawealthofhistoricrecords andrunsan brand fortheWHS. Action 15: investigate thisandanactionisincluded. WH Interpretation Centre provides anopportunityto shown thatthisispossible.Thedevelopmentofthe other WHSsuchasBlaenavon(SouthWales) have has notbeenadoptedbyotherpartners,whereas This styledoesnotlenditselftootherproducts and which wasdevelopedforprinteddocumentation. present, theWHSdocumentsuseadesignstyle can alsobeachievedthrough consistentbranding.At Co-ordination andincreased awareness levelsofWH in themanagementofWHS. Action 14: investigate this. but World Heritagedoesnot.Anactionisincludedto Baths) currently useFacebookandTwitter accounts, awareness. Individualattractions(suchastheRoman as apotentialmeansofachievingthisincreased the aimsofthisplan.Theusesocialmediaisseen helps toincrease interest andownershipindelivering A highlevelofawareness around WHmanagement Action 13: the successofthis. and participantfeedbackdemonstratemonitor Continue to seek suitable premises for a Continue toseeksuitablepremisesfora Work towardtheproductionofanew Investigate agreaterroleforsocialmedia Continue tosupportWHDay. be recognised ifinterpretation istobeeffective. These stories,traditions, beliefsandpeopleneedto placeforlarge-scalesocialinteraction. international It hasplayedalong-term role asanationaland politicians, aristocracy, artists,writers,andmusicians. particularly the18thand19thcenturies:royalty, associations withprominent peoplefrom allperiods, physical elementsoftheSite.Bathalsohasrich has inspired thedevelopment oftheoutstanding thousand yearsoldandcontinuestoday. Thisculture healing associatedwiththehotspringsisseveral of thatwater. Theculture ofworship,bathingand itself whichisanattributeofOUVbutthecultural use provide agoodexampleof this,asitisnotthewater interpret andrisksbeingoverlooked.TheHotSprings The intangibleheritageoftheWHScanbedifficultto working withlocalsocieties&interestgroups. (especially theyoung),engageinheritageissues, Action 18: Educational SupportGroup in2016. be followedbyworkwiththeBlackFamilies project ‘OurHeritage,Your Story’project in2015,to Bath Record OfficealsoundertookaHLFfunded and exhibitionsin2015aspartofroadshow events. Heritage LotteryFunding(HLF),delivered 15talks the Council’s HeritageServicesandbackedby For exampletheBeauStreet Hoard project runby proved apopularandeffective formofinterpretation. demonstrations, etc.outintothecommunity. Ithas them andofteninvolvesphysicallytakinglectures, populations whomightnototherwisehaveaccessto ‘Outreach’ workisproviding servicestoany way markingforheritagewalkingroutes. canal &walkingentrancepointsseektoimprove Action 17: other formsoftransport. look atthemainentrancepointsforthosetaking partially addressed andthere isanopportunityto entrance signage.Theroad entrancesare only opportunities todomore, especiallywithregard to maps andleaflets.There are howeverstill vehicle, atnewroad entrancesignsandonprinted maps atcarparks,onaCouncilHeritageServices entrance halloftheRomanBaths,street way-finding, been incorporatedinmanyplacesincludingthe the courseof2010planperiodemblemhas World Heritageemblemwasrarely promoted’. Over The UNESCOMissionreport (2009)notedthat‘the S Install welcomesignsonroad,rail,river, upport outreach work to help people upport outreachworktohelppeople brand guidelines. the UNESCOlogoinpromotion&civicsignagewithin Action 21: from theprevious twoplans. signage (withinbrandguidelines)isrolled forward greater useoftheUNESCOlogoinpromotion &civic more. Anactiontoreinforce this awareness through WH status,and83%expressed adesire toknow Council survey high, butalsothatthere ismore todo.Ina2013 show thatawareness ofBath’s WHSstatusisnow desirable. Surveysovertheprevious planperiod greater useoftheUNESCOlogoisconsidered As describedaboveinrelation to‘welcomesigns’, facilitate this. Bath culturaloffer&theidentificationoffundingto Action 20: which alsosupportscontinuationoffunding. of collaborativeworkingisencouragedbyanaction interpretation, andcommunityengagement.Thissort develop acollaborativeapproach tomarketing, Audiences forBathMuseums’,whichaimedto England grantforaproject called‘Developing Tower, HerschelMuseum)received anArtsCouncil Crescent, theBuildingofBathCollection,Beckford’s Britain andBathPreservation Trust (No.1Royal AmericanMuseumin site. In2013,theHolburne, provision. There are 13mainmuseumsinornearthe is aneedforgreater co-ordination ofcurrent Given thedispersednature oftheinterpretation there the WHS understanding ofthespiritual&intangibleelements Action 19: ‘app’. Footprint Project andaspainterpretation smartphone World HeritageSiteInterpretation Centre, theAbbey include developmentofthe‘Great Spas’project, the Measures toaddress thiswithintheplanperiodwill Continue to explore opportunities to use Continue toexploreopportunitiesuse Support the on-going co-ordination of the Support theon-goingco-ordinationof Support measureswhichincreasethe 11 94%ofrespondents knewofBath’s

31 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 32 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 commitment enshrinedintheWHconvention Education, theprocessisa offacilitatinglearning, 5.9 Education school curriculum&inassociatedlocalprojects. &secondary WHS educationcontentinprimary Action 22: phases ofeducationandtraining effectively asaresourceforlearninginallsectorsand Objective 7: education. significant advancementintheprovision heritage of theArchway Project) alsopromises tobea proposed centre newRomanBathslearning (aspart education sub-group towidenrepresentation. The planned withregard topotentiallyestablishingan represent theprimaryschoolsector. Discussionsare Teacher’s Group joinedtheWHSSteeringGroup to Primary SchoolandChairoftheBath March 2014theHeadTeacher atWeston AllSaints successive yearsofstudents.To address this,in maintain asustainedprogramme neededtoreach changing curriculumsandschoolstaff itisdifficultto within theSitein2009.However, inthefaceofrapidly within thecurriculumwasprovided toallschools aim isofpromotingaboutWH andsupportlearning could beimproved. AWHeducationpack,withthe Specific education regarding theWHinscription universities andtoprivateEnglishlanguageschools. and thecityattractsmanyforeign studentstoitstwo destinations outsideLondonforeducationalvisits, Roman Bathsprovide oneofthemostpopular educational initiativesandon-lineresources. The with theleadingmuseumsandNationalTrust offering nationally andinternationally. Muchisbeingdone, in allsectorsofeducationandtraining,locally, WHS hasenormouspotentialasresource forlearning Work towardincreasingthecurrentBath Ensure that the Site is used widely and Ensure thattheSiteisusedwidelyand 12 . Bath . Bath Survey (BGS) whoproduced areport (2012) entitled independent expertadvice from theBritishGeological licenses withinthecatchment area, commissioned abouttheissuingofexploration Council, concerned potential threat totheHotSprings.To thisend the The risk(andissue)isthat fracking couldposea a similar process. the mainsgassupply. Coal bedmethane extractionis then collectedatthe surfaceandeventuallyfedinto allowing trappedmethanegastoescape.This is are injected athighpressure toinducerock fractures a shalerock bedandwater, sandandchemicals is aprocess whereby deepboreholes are drilledinto arisen overthelifetimeofprevious plan.Fracking Hydraulic fracturingorfrackingisanissuewhichhas Strategy &otherrelevantdocuments. with theemergingLocalFloodRiskManagement groundwater anddrainageposeafloodriskengage impact upontheOUV, andforpartsofthesitewhere mitigate floodriskfromtheRiver Avon withregardto Action 23: address engagementwithfloodprevention plans. the site,aseparateactionisconsidered necessaryto action toengagewithplansandstrategiesaffecting Environment Agency. Althoughthere isalready an from theRiverAvon istheresponsibility ofthe buildings andarchaeology. Floodriskthrough Bath with climatechange,maythreaten furtherhistoric Extreme weatherevents,whichare likelytointensify are stillmanyhistoricbuildingsadjacenttotheriver. was builtabovetheRiverAvon floodplain,butthere must alsobemanaged.MuchoftheGeorgiancity River Avon butstreams andsurfacewaterrun-off Flooding isarisktothesite,predominantly from the far asthisispossible. the OUVareidentified,managedandmitigated,as Objective 8: more drasticmeasures. beyond thehorizonofthissixyearplan)possibly measures toprevent floodingandfurtherafield(and may includeadaptationofbuildings,increased plan, potentiallyrequiring actionswhichforexample an issuewhichwillcutacross manyareas ofthis the site,oftenasriskstoOUV. Climatechangeis natural orman-madeenvironmental factorsaffecting Environmental resilience refers toissuesrelating to 5.10 Environmental Resilience Engage with all relevant authorities to Engage withallrelevantauthoritiesto Ensure that all environmental risks to Ensure thatallenvironmentalrisksto waterways themselves. waterways themselves. delivered byaseparatestrategy coveringthe the canal,whereas thiswould befarmore effectively looking tothisplandelivermanagementactions on for thiswasdemonstratedbyconsultationresponses and issupportedbyanactioninthisplan.Theneed management partnershipiscurrently beingplanned Strategy’ bringingthesebodiestogetherina and Avon CanalTrust andriparianowners.A‘Water B&NES Councilplusinvolvementfrom theKennet Canals andRiversTrust, theEnvironment Agency, the responsibility ofmultiplebodiesincludingthe architecture. Managementoftheriverandcanalis aqueducts, are exceptionallyfineexamplesofcanal structures, includingbridgesandneo-classical through route from LondontoBristol. Itselegant together withthenavigableRiverAvon formeda The KennetandAvon Canalopenedin1810and means. through inclusioninappropriatepolicyorbyother extraction oranyothermineraloperation) seek toprotectthem(especiallyfromhydrocarbon Action 24: and thewaterflowsmonitored. development proposals atthequarriesscrutinised (see Chapter4.16)willcontinuetobeenforced, to thesiteitself.To thisendtheCountyofAvon Act the MendipHillsandfrom anyexcavationinornear also beatriskfrom deepquarrying(ofroad stone)in As wellastheriskfrom fracking,thehotspringsmay for issuinglicences. of EnergyandClimateChange)whoare responsible (Department Plan) andlobbyingcentralgovernment policy restrictions (through theemergingPlacemaking guard againstharmfulactionsmayincludeplanning occurred andislikelytobeirreversible. Measures to apparent untilsometimeafteranydiversionhad disruption tothewaterflowmaynotbecome influence ofthespringsmaycauseharm.Any confirms thatfullblownfrackinginthezoneof water flowisnotfullyunderstoodandtheBGS report production’ to hydrocarbon andotherexploration Somerset Councilandsurrounding area withrespect ‘Potential problems intheBathandNorthEast 13 Continue to monitor the hot springs & Continue tomonitorthehotsprings& . Theexactcourseoftheunderground building stock ingoodrepair continues. to ensure thatthepracticeofkeepinghistoric categories) are alsoverylow. Theactionbelowaims numbers onthelocallist (whichincludesalllisting the national‘buildingsat risk’register (2015)and listed buildings,onlythree buildingsare includedon England register ofgradeIandll*properties isheldbyHistoric listed structures isheldby the Councilandanational recorded inthesite.Alocalregister ofallgrades conservation isthenumberoflisted‘buildingsat risk’ One ofthekeymonitoringindicatorsstate of ensure theOUVisconserved. currently goodandmechanisms are inplaceto as apriorityissuethestateofconservationis conservation. Itisnotdeemednecessarytoidentifyit much ofthefocusthisplananditsactionsison Conservation isanon-goingissueandaccordingly 5.11 Conservation the WHS. which isadirectrisktopeople&historicfabricwithin primarily causedbypetrol/dieselpoweredvehicles, Action 26: funding. Anactionisincludedtosupportthesesteps. appropriate powersandtosecure thenecessary require tosecure workingwithGovernment Achieving theambitionsoftransportstrategywill centre. removal ofvehiculartrafficfrom more partsofthecity tocaruseand Zone, encouragementofalternatives address thisissue,includingapotentialLowEmission transport strategyproposes arangeofoptionsto declared forthecitycentre anditsapproaches. The the site.AnAirQualityManagementArea hasbeen stone usedtoconstructalmostallhistoricbuildingsin Particulates andotherpollutantsalsoaffect theBath currently exceedlegalnitrogen dioxidelevels. strategy identifiesanumberofcitylocationswhich sources. The‘GettingAround Bath’transport but alsoemissionsfrom railwayenginesandother Much ofthiscanbeattributedtovehicleemissions particular impactsonrespiration-related illnesses. Air qualityisimportantforhumanhealthwith Kennet &Avon Canal. holistic managementstructurefortheRiverAvon & Action 25: 14 . Given that the site contains over 5,000 .Giventhatthesitecontainsover5,000 Support actions to reduce air pollution, Support actionstoreduceairpollution, Support theestablishmentofaneffective designated asaConservationArea. Legislation As notedinchapter4,twothirds oftheWHSis across theWHS,includingissueoflightpollution. clear &consistentguidanceforstreetotherlighting Action 28: included intheaction. endangered speciesinthesite.Forthisreason itis character ofthesiteanduponbats,onekey conservation.’ Lightpollutionimpactsuponthe amenity, intrinsicallydarklandscapesandnature the impactoflightpollutionfrom artificiallightonlocal design, planningpoliciesanddecisionsshouldlimit skies’. TheNPPFstatesthat’Byencouraginggood There isalsoanissuearound lightpollutionand‘dark deemed necessary. affect howthecityispresented andnewguidanceis issue istangentialtoconservationoftheOUVitdoes old lampcolumnsandthestyleofnew. Althoughthis lighting hasprovoked debateaboutconservationof the previous planperiod.Theintroduction ofLED Street lightinghasbeenacontentiousissueduring register. OUV)fromtheBuildingsatRisk attributes carrying Action 27: repaired, maintainedandwhereappropriatere-used. historic structureswithintheSitearemonitored, Objective 9: 2016. A programme toaddress key areas isunderwayasof character appraisal(August2005) Bath conservationarea which relies uponacitywide such appraisalsinplacetheyare currently lackingin appraisals andalthoughitisbestpracticetohave set out.Thisistherole ofconservationarea therefore thatthischaractershouldbeidentifiedand or appearanceofaconservationarea. Itfollows desirability ofpreserving orenhancingthecharacter attention intheexercise ofplanningfunctionstothe requires thatlocalplanningauthoritiespayspecial Management Plan and by external commentators Management Planandby external policy protection acknowledged inthe2010WHS absence ofdetailedappraisalsisaweaknessin has proved abarriertobring theseforward, andthe City) andsubsequentsizeofthetasktoappraise it of theconservationarea (1,486ha ortwothirds ofthe Work towardaframeworkwhichprovides Act toremoveproperties(&other Ensure that damaged and disused Ensure thatdamagedanddisused 16 . The physical size . Thephysicalsize 15

17 . features (suchasthe‘Wansdyke’ -anearlymedieval decline inrecognition andcare forsomeheritage wildlife habitats,poorstewardship offarmedland, of woodlandsandgrasslands leadingtolossof including developmentpressure, lackofmanagement Risk tothesettingcomesfrom manysources andinterpreted. conserved importance tothebuiltelementandisprotected, as akeyattributeofOUV, isaffordedequal Objective 11: grazing land. historic housingwhichbackdirectly ontoopen environment asBath,andsuburbsofhighquality unique combinationoflandscapeandbuilt an attributeofOUV. NootherEnglishcityhassucha meadow andpasture landclosetothecitywhichare by theNationalTrust, hasconservedkeyareas of Chapter 4describeshowlandownership,principally However thegreen landscapesettingisvulnerable. fabric ofthecityisonwholeingoodcondition. on thebuiltenvironment, withtheresult thatthe Much oftheconservationfocusincityhasbeen tomaintainthefabricofWHS. are necessary retention ofcraftskillsandbuildingmaterialswhich Action 30: of sufficientquality theattributesofOUVareinplaceand conserve to Objective 10:Ensurethatcraftskillsnecessary George Street railingsbylocalmetalworkers. College masonrystudents,andtherestoration of 2014) andRebeccaFountain(2013)byCityofBath such astherestoration oftheCorridorstatues(May commissioned inproject works,notablyinprojects stonemasonry andironwork craftsmenhavebeen Enhancement Fund(see5.12)hashelped,as Group toinfluencethis.Theestablishmentofthe but inpracticeithasbeendifficultfortheSteering such skillshasbeenincludedinbothprevious plans of companies.Anactionencouragingandsupporting but thisisspecialistworkoffered byasmallnumber plastering, stonemasonry, metalworkingandjoinery, legitimate issueforthisplan.Skillsincludeornamental maintain thesiteare essentialandthisistherefore a The availabilityofcraftskillsandbuildingmaterialsto Area. appraisals forareaswithinBathConservation Action 29: Support initiatives which deliver the Support initiativeswhichdeliverthe Area Bring forwardConservation Ensure that the natural setting of Bath, Ensure thatthenaturalsettingofBath, monument, upgradeinterpretation andimprove the across theyearsof2016/17toconserve place intheEastBaths, with a£750kproject planned access. Thenextphase of developmentwilltake conservation worksand improving interpretation and and archaeological site,is constantly undertaking The RomanBaths,asanationallyimportantmuseum hot springs Action 33: useful. whether suchrecognition would bewarrantedand included toinvestigatethismatterandascertain Site ofSpecialScientificInterest. Anactionis recognised through adesignationsuchasbeing UK, theirnaturaland/orgeologicalsignificanceisnot only oftheirkindtobeclassifiedas‘hot’withinthe Despite thefactthathotspringsofBathare the the specialcharacteristicsofWHS. new housingnumbersallocatedtothecityrespects government toensurethatsub-regionalgrowth& Action 32: allocation decisionsbeingmade. housing needstobefullyrecognised inadvanceof The limitedcapacityofBathtoaccommodatenew cannot beaccommodatedwithoutharmtotheOUV. faced withanexpectationtodeliverhousingwhich required numbers,thenareas such asBathcanbe the abilityofeachparticularlocationtoabsorb authority areas. Iftheseallocationsare notmadeon through regional assembliestoindividuallocal levelandcascadeddown at centralgovernment allocation ofnewhousingnumbers,withtargetsset An issuewhichhascausedpastdifficultiesisthe thelandscapeofWHS. conserving a mechanismfordeliveringprojectsaimedat Action 31: £4.1m project to theHeritagelotteryFundaspartofanoverall proposes tolaunchabidforapproximately £2.85m has formedthe‘Bathscape’partnershipand A partnershipofover20supportingorganisations Bath withtheirlandscape. in landscapequalityandreconnect thepeopleof vistas. Theopportunityandaimistohaltthedecline linear defenceearthwork)andovergrown viewsand Investigate SSSI (or similar) status for the Investigate SSSI(orsimilar)statusforthe Engage withregional/national/local Support the‘Bathscapes’partnershipas 18 . conference wasstagedinBaden(Germany) global thematicstudyofthermalism.’Followingthis,a nominated property, particularlyintheframework of a State Party‘toconductamore thorough studyofthe Committee Luhacovice ontheWHlist.In2008, proposition toUNESCOinscribethehistoricspaof project startedwiththeCzechRepublicpresenting a nomination relating toEuropean spaculture. This Bath isengagedinatrans-nationalserialWH work attheEastBaths. Action 34: attributes ofOUV. ofthe place toprovideon-goingconservation Objective 12: is includedtosupportthis. Roman attributesofthesite’s OUV, aseparateaction museum astheprincipalpointofinterpretation forthe visitor experience.Giventheimportanceof Spas ofEuropetrans-national World Heritagebid. Action 35: tourism forthecity. against fracking(see5.10))andpromote ‘well-being’ conservation (forexampleasafurtherargument second over-laying nomination wouldaid beyond. Recognitionoftheseaspectsthrough a horse racecourse,andrideswalksintothehills beyond thecitycentre toinclude parks,gardens, a ‘amusements’ availabletothespacuristsextend as anearlycentre ofdiagnostic medicine.The centre ofrecreation toanascent touristindustryand shaped bythefunctionofcityasaspaand most famousEuropean Spas,withanurbancentre with recognition ofBathasonetheearliestand The OUVoftheGreat Spasnominationaddstothis recognises architecture, archaeology andlandscape. The current WHinscriptionforBathpredominantly currently programmed for2018. analysis tostrengthen thenominationwhichis reduced innumberonthebasisofacomparative relevant state.Itislikelythattheworkinggroup willbe subsequently placedonthetentativelistof working group of16spasformedandeachwas Europe includingBath.From thisconference a in 2010bringingtogethertheleadinghistoricspasof 19 Progress a further phase of conservation Progress afurtherphaseofconservation Continue to progress & support the Great Continue toprogress&support theGreat deferred theapplicationtoallow Ensure that there are measures in Ensure thattherearemeasuresin 20

33 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 34 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 project. World HeritageCentre andthe ClevelandPools project, theRomanBaths‘Archway’and learning projects underwayincludeBathAbbey‘Footprint’ Beau Street Hoard (ofRoman coins).SignificantHLF Kennet andAvon Canal,Beckford’s Tower andthe Museum,1aRoyalCrescent, include theHolburne aided inBathandenvirons from 2009-2014.These website come from theHeritageLottery Fund(HLF).TheHLF Significant fundingintheprevious planperiodhas standard. sustaining theOUVtobeprovided toahigh enabling akeymanagementmechanismof 2013/14 theplanningincomewas£1,200,000, period ofsuccessiveWHSmanagementplans.In applicant andfeeshavesteadilyrisenacross the The introduction offeestransferred costtothe there were nofeesandtheCouncilcovered thecost. provided byplanningapplicationfees.Before 1981 mechanisms. Anexampleofnewmechanismsis maximise efficiencyandexplore newfunding increased expectationforallCouncilserviceareas to requiring more care. Asaconsequence there isan insurance increases andanageingpopulation existing contracts,pay, pensionandnational grantreduction, central government inflationon currently managinga£38mfundingshortfalldueto pressure duringthisplanperiod.B&NESCouncilis Public sectorfinancewillcontinuetobeunder financial resources availabletoallstakeholders. Protection oftheOUVisheavilydependentupon local economy. Baths alonelevers£107millionperannumintothe University ofBathin2012indicatedthattheRoman The economicimpactsurveyundertakenbythe impact onrental valuesofCommercial Estateshops. also indirect contributionsviaparkingfeesandthe finances from thelocaltourismeconomy. There are Authority, andrepresents adirect contributiontoits 2020. Thisincomeisastrategicresource forthe p.a. Thisisplannedtoincrease to£19millionp.a.by incomefortheAuthorityofover£15million external business unitwithintheCouncilandgenerates Council’s HeritageServicesisrunasanindependent warrants mentioninthis plan. Asanexample, B&NES for funding,theincomederivedfrom heritage in managementtermsthefocusisoftenonneed Heritage bothgeneratesandrequires funding.Whilst 5.12 Funding 21 listsatotalof161heritageprojects grant funding &produce anannualnewsletter. Enhancement Fund,seek tomaintain&increase enhancement &interpretation worksthroughtheWH Action 37: incentive. Enhancement Fundisoneofthefewmechanisms of the sitelargelyoperatesthrough control, andthe successful. Asnotedinchapter4,management of this partnershipapproach has proved very organisations fordiscretionary worksare reducing, and intimeswhere budgets withinindividual multiplier effect ofthefunding istherefore significant costs, andwilllooktodrawinmatchfunding.The the Fundprovides acontribution toward totalproject walking trailsandasmartphone‘app’.Inmostcases features andinterpretation initiativesincludingmaps, historic ‘buildingsatrisk’,restoring historiccanal include supportingcommunityinitiatives,addressing over 50itemsofhistoricstreet furniture.Projects plus theFund’s volunteershavecleanedandrepaired Since 2009theFundhassupportedover40projects, gives anannualbudgetofapproximately £35,000. annual stipendattachedtotheirrole totheFund.This both ofwhomhavechosentodonatethe(£5,000) from successiveWHSSteeringGroup Chairmen, Trust allocationof£5,000plusannualcontributions from B&NESCouncilof£25,000,aBathPreservation purpose. Fundingcomesfrom anannualallocation work andtoorganisevolunteersforthesame to assistandencourageothersundertakesuch and organiseminorenhancementstoBath’s heritage, Preservation Trust. Ithas3aims,whichare toinitiate Steering Group, B&NESCouncilandBath partnership comprisingoftheWorld HeritageSite established in2009.Thisgrantfundisoperatedbya The World HeritageEnhancementFund manner. ensure thatthesearemadeinaco-ordinated bids relatingtotheOUVofsiteandseek Action 36: partnership workingandsecuretherequiredfunding Plan, encouragecommunityinvolvement,enable appropriate fortheeffectiveimplementationof Objective 13: where possible. co-ordinate fundingbidsoriginatingwithintheWHS maintain andincrease levelsoffunding,andto Actions duringthecurrent planperiodwillaimto Continue to progress conservation, Continue toprogressconservation, Support appropriate conservation funding funding Support appropriateconservation Ensure that management systems are Ensure thatmanagementsystemsare 22 was was Roman Baths being winners of the VisitEngland Roman Baths beingwinnersoftheVisitEngland increase inclusivityofinterpretation haveledtothe plus asignlanguageguide. Thesemeasures to guides in23more), andbespokeguidesforchildren baths are availableineightlanguages(withprinted accessible towheelchair users.Audioguidesatthe monument, 90%ofthesitehasbeenmade despite thisbeingabelowground ancient approach canbefoundat the RomanBaths,where website enablingpeopletoplantheirvisit.Asimilar accessibility, includingfloor plans,isgivenonthe changing facilitiesandseating.Fullinformationabout induction hearingloops,wheelchairloan,baby largely stepfree floors,accessible toiletsandlift, with adjoiningbuilding1Ahasbeenundertaken For example,atNo.1RoyalCrescent theintegration refurbishment opportunitiestoincrease accessibility. Leading museumsinthecityhaveused in relation tothis. surfaces, significantimprovements havebeenmade protected historicbuildingsandunevenstreet environment. However, despitetheabundanceof mobility, isanon-goingchallengeinthehistoric Providing accesstoall,especiallythosewithimpaired 5.14 group &anindexofcurrentresearch. Action 38: assist implementationofthePlan. analysed, andmade available to partners in waysthat about theSiteisproduced,collected,archivedand Objective 14: encouraging andtargetingfurtherresearch. producing anon-lineindexasafirststeptoward project isunderwaytolookatthepossibilityof produce aresearch agenda,problematic. Acurrent and usingresearch, andundertakinggapanalysisto Scientific Institution.Nooverallindexmakesfinding Environment Record andtheBathRoyalLiterary Collection, thetwouniversities,onlineHistoric Record Office,BathCentralLibraryLocalStudies range ofdifferent places.TheseplacesincludeBath hampered bythefactthattheserecords are heldina has awealthofhistoricinformationavailablebutis underpin goodsitemanagement.TheCityofBath Research isneededtoprovide informationto 5.13 Research Accessibility andInclusivity Pursue the establishment of a research Pursue theestablishmentofaresearch Ensure that research and information Ensure thatresearchandinformation principal attractor Somerset district,withtheCityofBathbeing show 5.8mvisitorstotheBathandNorthEast Tourism isaleadingindustryforBath.2013statistics 5.15 accessible forthosewithlimitedmobility. opportunities tomakethehistoricenvironmentmore Action 39: phase. canes andaccessgroups are consultedinthedesign ‘tapping strips’forvisuallyimpaired peopleusing Book) includebestpracticesuchascontinuous (5.7). Newstreet surfaces(asguidedbythePattern and alsoimpactsonissuessuchasthepublicrealm Accessibility andinclusivityisacross-cutting theme years insuccession(2014/15). Access andInclusivityExcellenceAwards fortwo car use. car parkingprovided, thusdissuadingvisitorsfrom (2015), Premier InnJamesSt.West (2014))withno permission forseveralnew hotels(TheGainsborough is responding tothisbyforexamplegrantingplanning less thandesirableinsustainableterms,theCouncil to thesiteisoftenbycoachorprivatecarandcan be Bath theUK’s mostwalkablecity. Althoughtransport Bath’ transportstrategystatesanambitiontomake Bath isalsoaverywalkablecity. The‘GettingAround contributes totheupkeepofthatbuilding. visitor donationsin2013,whichsignificantly and thewidersite.BathAbbeyreceived £552,283in contributing toward theupkeepofthosebuildings hotels andguesthouses,theyare financially Therefore whenvisitorsstayinanyofthemanylisted Many cityhotelsare housedinthesebuildings. with thevastmajorityofthesebuildingsstillinfulluse. attributes ofOUVincludeover5,000listedbuildings, Bath isaverysustainabletouristcentre. The income andfinanceavailabletoconservethesite. in 2016/17.There isadirect linkbetweentourism and HeritageServiceswillreturnasurplusof£5.6m there were 1,023,969visitorstotheRomanBaths, employment inBath&NESomerset.In2014/15 economy. Thisrepresents approximately 10%ofall estimated £405millionofvisitorspendinthelocal approximately 9,300jobsandgeneratesan Visitor Management Continue to identify & implement Continue toidentify&implement 23 . The industry accounts for . Theindustryaccountsfor decision makers. is includedinaction46alongsidetrainingforkey An actiontosupporttrainingforvisitorambassadors information whichtheycanspread amongstvisitors. these ‘ambassadors’haveaccurateandconsistent experience. Thispresents an opportunitytoensure has over200volunteers)whoenrichthevisitor wide rangeofvolunteers(forexampleBathAbbey good. Theinterpretation describedin5.8relies ona The welcomeandfacilitiesoffered bythecityare WHS. adoption ofaSustainableTourism Strategyforthe Action 41: and thewebsitevisitbath.co.uk Information Centremarketing, operationoftheVisitor organisation’ whoare currently responsible for Tourism Plus(BTP),a‘destinationmanagement Tourism inBathisprincipallymanagedby fabric &economyoftheWHS. tax’ &useproceedstosafeguardinterpretthe Action 40: devolution maybringnewopportunity. the hopethatnationallegislationchangesorregional remains anambitionandisincludedasactionin restrictions underUKtaxregulations. Suchatax the Council.Thiswashowevernotprogressed dueto commonly foundinEuropean cities,wasexplored by In 2014theconceptofavisitortax,kind harm OUV. sustainable inthatitbenefitsthesiteanddoesnot Objective 15: produced byUNESCO produce suchadocumentfollowingtheguidance mitigated andthebenefitsmaximised.Anactionto tourism intheCity, howthenegativepointscanbe Sustainable Tourism Strategytolookatthefuture of in placethere isperceived needtoproduce a Although there isaDestinationMarketingStrategy and otherSteeringGroup membersalsohavearole. members oftheWHSteeringGroup. TheCouncil Encourage & support the production & Encourage &supporttheproduction Continue to explore options for a ‘visitor Continue toexploreoptionsfora‘visitor Ensure that visitor management is Ensure thatvisitormanagementis 26 isincludedasanaction. 24 . BTPare long-term 25

Cities. Association andtheOrganisation ofWorld Heritage project, European HistoricThermal Towns networks provided through the Great SpasofEurope representing allUKsites.Italsohasinternational World HeritageUK(WH:UK), thecharitablebody the messageofUNESCO.BathWHSisamember of objective istoshare bestpractice andjointlypromote management practicesandrequirements andthe from anentire city. However, allsitesshare common Stonehenge andAvebury being verydifferent entities different, with,forexample,Bath’s nearest WHS nationally andinternationally. Sitescanbevery other sites.WHSare partofawiderfamily, both regarding managementofthesiteinisolationfrom WHS are comparativelyrare andthere isanissue Management Planprogressonabiennialbasis. Action 44: efficient andeffective timespanfordoingthis. Past practicehasshownthatbiennialreporting isan Steering Group andpotentiallyshared more widely. and progress reports canthen be madetothe It istheintentionthatallactionscanbemonitored an SPD. Management Plan&investigateifitshouldbecome Action 43: the intentiontorepeat thatapproach withthisplan. understand andmore costeffective todistribute.Itis designed tobemore accessible,easiertoread and plan (2003-2009)asummaryversionwaspublished, process isanobjective.InthefirstBathmanagement engage more people,especiallylocalinthe comprehensive andlengthydocument.Theneedto This managementplanis(bynecessity)a effective WHSSteeringGroup. Action 42: The actionresulting from thisistosustainthatgroup. withthemanagementofsite. partners concerned and testedmechanismforbringingtogetherthemain Steering Group (established2001)provides atried provide aneffective (andexcellent)service.TheWHS on-going issue,withtheobjectiveofcontinuingto Administrative managementoftheWHfunctionisan 5.16 Administrative Management Produce monitoring reports on Produce monitoringreportson versionoftheWHS Produce asummary Continue tomaintain&resourcean WH issues. members, officers,visitorambassadors&otherson Action 46: their roleinthemanagementofWHS a goodunderstandingoftheOUVSiteand Objective 17: provided withtrainingasnecessary. these keydecisionmakersare identifiedand deliver them.Theobjectivetherefore istoensure that about thesiteandaimsofplaniftheyare to these decisionmakersneedtobeproperly informed ambassadors orothersandthere isanissuethat be electedmembers,councilofficers,visitor the handsofmanykeydecisionmakers.Thesemay Responsibility forthemanagementofsiterests in management &funding. national &internationalbodieswhichsupportWH Action 45: helping others with othersitesforthepurposeoflearningfromand Objective 16: Provide training as required to elected Provide trainingasrequiredtoelected Maintain linkswithappropriatelocal, Ensure that key decision makers have Ensure thatkeydecisionmakershave Ensure thatthereiscontinuedliaison http://whc.unesco.org/sustainabletourismtoolkit/ 26 http://whc.unesco.org/sustainabletourismtoolkit/ 25 http://channels.visitbath.co.uk/dbimgs/Destination%20Marketing%20 24 23 22 http://www.bathworldheritage.org.uk/enhancement-fund 21 www.hlf.org.uk 20 19 18 www.bathnes.gov.uk/bathscape 17 https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/sustainable- 16 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/sites/default/files/sitedocuments/Planning- 15 14 https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/heritage-at-risk/buildings/ 13 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/environment/bath-hot-springs/ 12 11 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/your-council-and-democracy/ 10 http://www.bathguides.org.uk/ 9 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/sites/default/files/sitedocuments/Planning- 8 7 http://www.bathworldheritage.org.uk/documents 6 5 http://www.bathabbey.org/footprint 4 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/planning-and-building-control/ 3 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/sites/default/files/sitedocuments/Planning- 2 1 http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/sites/default/files/masterplan_vision_ Strategy%20for%20Bath%20%26%20NES_2012-14_FINAL.pdf attracted3.1mvisitsin2014(googleanalytics). Visitbath.co.uk applied) Survey, PassengerSurvey. IPS–International ‘CambridgeModel’ (sources UKTS-UnitedKingdomTourism Survey, GBDVS–DayVisitor Source: Value ofTourism Survey2013,SouthWest Research Company. Committee ofIcomos. Congress International November25to27,2010.GermanNational European HealthResortsandFashionableSpasofthe19thCentury. 24reve.pdf COM/24, p.173.http://whc.unesco.org/archive/2008/whc08-32com- Decisions report ofthe32ndsession(QuebecCity, 2008)WHC-08/32. growth-of-cathedral-cities-and-historic-towns pdf Landscape-and-Heritage/BathCity-wideCharacterAppraisalComplete. and-Building-Control/Planning-Policy/Evidence-Base/Urban-Design- 1990 Section 72ofthePlanning(ListedBuildingandConservationAreas) Act hydraulic-fracturing-fracking heritage definedinArticles1and2oftheConvention.” appreciation andrespect bytheirpeoplesoftheculturalandnatural particular byeducationalandinformationprogrammes, tostrengthen this Conventionshallendeavourbyallappropriate means,andin and NaturalHeritage–Paris,16November1972“TheStatesPartiesto theProtectionUNESCO ConventionConcerning oftheWorld Cultural local-research-and-statistics/wiki/cultural-activities Landscape-and-Heritage/PublicRealmandMovementStrategy.pdf and-Building-Control/Planning-Policy/Evidence-Base/Urban-Design- information forconsultation(2015) Information from EastofBathPark&Rideproposals –supporting Norman cathedralisair. the under-floor volumebetweenthecurrent floorandoftheformer A 2013trialrepair of5percentthefloor revealed that30percentof planning-policy/evidence-base/urban-design-landscape-and-heri pdf and-Building-Control/Planning-Policy/Placemaking-Plan/pmp_options. recommendations from thedesignreview panel. applications, localplanningauthoritiesshouldhaveregard tothe engagement ondesignproduces thegreatest benefits.Inassessing refer majorprojects foranationaldesignreview.In general,early ensure highstandards ofdesign.Theyshouldalsowhenappropriate review arrangementsinplacetoprovide assessmentandsupportto NPPF para.62.Localplanningauthoritiesshouldhavelocaldesign report_141030_low_res_0.pdf

35 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 36 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Table ofObjectives management oftheWHS. Ensure thatkeydecisionmakers haveagoodunderstandingoftheOUVSiteandtheirrole in the Ensure thatthere from iscontinuedliaisonwithothersitesforthepurposeoflearning andhelpingothers. Ensure thatvisitormanagement issustainableinthatitbenefitsthesiteanddoesnotharmOUV. made availabletopartnersinwaysthatassistimplementation ofthePlan. Ensure thatresearch andinformationabouttheSiteisproduced, collected,archived andanalysed, community involvement,enablepartnershipworkingandsecure therequired funding Ensure thatmanagementsystemsare appropriate fortheeffective implementationofthePlan,encourage Ensure thatthere are measures inplacetoprovide on-goingconservationoftheattributesOUV. element andisprotected, conservedandinterpreted. Ensure thatthenaturalsettingofBath,asakeyattributeOUV, isafforded equalimportancetothebuilt quality Ensure thatcraftskillsnecessarytoconservetheattributesofOUVare inplaceandare ofsufficient and where appropriate re-used Ensure thatdamagedanddisusedhistoricstructures withintheSiteare monitored, repaired, maintained possible. Ensure thatallenvironmental riskstotheOUVare identified,managedandmitigated,asfarthisis education andtraining Ensure thattheSiteisusedwidelyandeffectively asaresource inallsectorsandphasesof forlearning ordination amongstproviders andpromote citizeninvolvement. Work toincrease interpretation oftheOUV, especiallyintangiblevaluesandcontinuetoencourageco- standards allowinggoodaccessibilitytoall. Ensure thatnewstreet worksandotherdevelopmentsare completedtohighandconsistentdesign Ensure thatothernationalandregional bodiestakefullaccountoftheWHSintheirstrategicplanning. centre. Work tocontrol trafficgrowth andharm,encouragepromote lesscaruse,especiallyinthecity which wouldharmtheOUV. Ensure thatallrelevant newpolicydocumentstakefullaccountoftheWHSanddonotpropose actions Ensure thatnewbuildingsandotherdevelopmentdonotharmtheOUVofSite 37 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 38 Management6 Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 and ActionPlan Implementation will linktotherelevant strategy toaddress it. recognised riskfrom flooding,theManagementPlan beyond planning,sowhere forexamplethere isa Group. Thisprocess extendstootherstrategies address these,againwiththesupportofSteering Development Plan(suchasthePlacemakingPlan)to to otherdocumentswhichdoformpartofthe policy. Ittherefore recognises certainissuesandlooks (see section4.14)andassuchitcannotsetplanning Plan doesnotformpartoftheDevelopment reliant ontheplanningsystem.ThisManagement Conservation andprotection oftheWHSisheavily support. important ingainingbothfundingandpolitical the SteeringGroup toprogress this, whichcanbe but includingthisinanactionindicatesthesupportof there isnofirmproject planinplacetoachievethis designated archives collection.Atthetimeofwriting, history centre, bringingtogethertheCouncil’s contains anaspirationtocreate aone-stop-shop aspirations. AnexampleofthisAction16which ‘smart’ andthere islegitimateinclusionofsome It isnotpossiblehoweverthatallactionswillbe when andwithwhatindicatorofsuccess. responsible fordelivery, withwhatresources, by possible, andincludeinformationonwhois It isintendedthateveryactionwillbeas‘smart’ through tomajorprojects andlong-termaspirations. Actions rangefrom minoractsandquickwins 6.2 which reflect thekeyprioritiesaswellothertopics. in Chapter5.Actionsare grouped underheadings actions toaddress theissuesandobjectivesoutlined This sectionofthePlansetsoutrecommended 6.1 Introduction About the actions About theactions Group. biennial basiswithreports presented totheSteering actions, asdiscussedin4.20,willbeundertakenona plan period.Monitoringofachievementagainst table soitmaybeupdatedasnecessaryduringthe others. Theactionplanisdesignedasaseparate both SteeringGroup membersthemselvesand Actions willbedelivered byawiderangeofpartners, 6.3 Implementation can realistically bedelivered. concentrate onasmallernumberofprojects which the previous plan,theapproach here isto Despite agoodrecord ofachievementonactionsin previous plan(2010-2016)contained71actions. There are 46actionsincludedinthisplan.The should notbeunderestimated. strategy (Action41).Theinfluenceexertedbythis can forexamplecallasustainabletourism provides usefulgap-analysisandtheSteeringGroup wide spectrumofsubjectareas. Indoingso,it planning documentslargelyare, andcancovera The planisnotconstrainedtoland-useissuesas policy, ithasstrengths thatotherstrategiesdonot. Although thisPlan(through itsactions)cannotset

5. Transport e. d. Project c. b. a. 4.

1. Action 6.4 of theTransport Strategy (2014) objectives insofarastheyrelate to the OUVofWHS&its setting have nounacceptableimpact on the WHS&seektoensure thatthey of Monitor &engagewiththedelivery The railelectrificationproject at PulteneyWeir Replacement oftheradialgate as partoftheBathAbbeyFootprint Conservation &enhancementworks conveying OUV building atrisk&anattribute Cleveland Poolsproject asalisted Recreation Ground cultural &leisure stadiumatthe The developmentofasporting, following: the OUVofsite,including development whichmayimpactupon Engage withproposals formajor is safeguarded. significance oftheWHS’s OUV affecting thesitetoensure thatthe policy, majorplans&strategies Engage withallemergingplanning Heights StrategyasaSPD Plan &bytheadoptionofaBuilding the applicationofPlacemaking height iseffectively managedthrough Ensure thattheissueofbuilding for majordevelopmentapplications Re-establish adesignadvisorypanel Managing Development Partners Indicators impact Action Plan

B&NES, HistoricEngland England Economic Development,Historic Network Rail,B&NESPlanning& Bath Abbey, Environment Agency, Bath Rugby, ClevelandPoolsTrust, strategies England &otherauthorsof B&NES PlanningPolicy, Historic Development Management B&NES PlanningPolicy&

B&NES EconomicDevelopment Delivery

Key elementsoftheTransport Strategy already haveprovisional approval withinB&NESbudgets

Within existingbudgets Within

existingbudgets Within Resources

See individualprojects ofthe strategy for timetable,includingactions 6,7 &10ofthisplan

Dependent uponprogress ofthe scheme inquestion

On-going

(to beconfirmed) Timescale Delivery ofthe proposals withoutunacceptable Biennial reports totheBath Transport Commission on Transport Strategydelivery. Expecteddates March 2016,2018,2020, 2022 taken intoaccountinthe preparation &finaldesign Evidence thatfullaccount ofWHhasbeen Delivery oftheprojects withoutharmtotheOUV these projects into accountinthepreparation &finaldesignof Evidence thatfullaccountofWHhasbeentaken in corresponding actions into accountintheplan/strategy Evidence thattheOUVhasbeenconsidered Evidence thatfullaccountofWHhasbeentaken & corresponding planningdecisions Adoption ofaBuildingHeightsStrategy Monitoring ofincidencestallbuildingproposals & followedinimplementationofschemes Evidence thatpaneladviceisconsidered Panel established&meetingsheld

Monitoring projects to the

OUV

39 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 40 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016

10. 6.

9. Action to poorpavementsurfaces improvements, especiallywithregard Continue toimplementpublicrealm Public Realm travel optionswhilstprotecting theOUV & ensure thattheydeliversustainable programme ofcyclingimprovements for doingso to vehicleswhere there isavalidcase closure ofkeystreets withinthesite Engage with&supportthecurrent vehicular traffic&continuethe to reduce theimpactofmajorroad neighbouring authoritiesasnecessary traffic routes passingthrough theWHS is adhered to&updatedas Continue toreduce theimpactof in theWHS necessary toguidestreet works Engage with central government & Engage withcentralgovernment Partners Indicators proposal Ensure Book thattheBathPattern to (Further

B&NES Council

B&NES Council,Canal&RiverTrust. contributions Transport Highways England,Dept.for

B&NES Council,plusdeveloper B&NES Council, Wiltshire Council, B&NES Council,Wiltshire

B&NES Highways Delivery review ofwayfinding B&NES budget2016/17fora £100k givenprovisional approval in sought from CentralGovernment) a coachpark per yearfor5years)currently (2016) regard touseofWeston Islandas Discussions underway(2016)with Local Growth Fund(potential£500k Production oftravelplans to be funded asdevelopmentstakeplace

Quays Bridge&linkinginfrastructure allocated totheprovision ofBath Fund (CAF)award of£3mwillbe Dept. ofTransport CycleAmbition Council budget2016/17 approval of£2.05minB&NES England’s fundingprogramme was options forinclusioninHighway

Further budgetmayberequired if Saw Closegainedprovisional An objectiveofproducing linkroad confirmed inB&NEScabinetbudget

Largely withinexistingbudgets. updates tothebookare required Resources 2016/17

improvements 2017/18 Saw ClosePublicrealm year 2017/18 Anticipated constructioninorafter spend approval forCAFfunding. As yetunknown Bath QuaysBridgeawaitingfinal commenced March 2016 Canal towpathre-surfacing 2.2km stretch ofBatheastonK&A As developmentscomeforward improvements 2017/18

Saw ClosePublicrealm Dates fordiscussionsnotyetknown

On-going Timescale be added) proposed

schemes

Improvement schemesimplemented Successful takeupoftheschemesasevidenced Delivery oftheschemeswithinprogramme plans forallmainactivities.Monitoringwillinclude Transport StrategyactionGABP10callsfortravel the numberofplansproduced &theirimpact Road InvestmentStrategyfundingprogramme by schemespecificmonitoringindicators Schemes implemented Evidence ofdiscussions Recognition ofBathasan‘Exceptional Inclusion ofprovisions withinthe2015-2020 Incidences ofstreet worksundertakenin accordance Book withthePattern Monitoring Environmental Scheme’

13.

19.

12.

17. 18.

16.

15.

11. Interpretation 14. Action

of thespiritual&intangible elements of theWHS which increase theunderstanding Continue tosupportWHDay the Support interpretation measures societies &interest groups heritage issues,workingwithlocal (especially theyoung),engagein website & seektoimprove waymarking for river, canal&walkingentrancepoints Maintain &improve theWHS £3,376,700 archives to housethecouncil’s ‘designated’ Install welcomesignsonroad, rail, Support outreach workto help people heritage walkingroutes for aone-stop-shopHistoryCentre brand fortheWHS Continue toseeksuitablepremises Archway project Work toward theproduction of a new & Learning Centre& Learning aspartofthe of theWHS social mediainthemanagement Deliver aWHInterpretation Centre Partners Indicators Investigate agreater role for or Participant collection

Programmes, plusotherpartners WH EnhancementFund Heritage Services Learning & Heritage ServicesLearning

Steering Group members.

including landowners World HeritageTeam Solution including property &libraries World HeritageTeam, withpartners Steering Group members

support from otherservices

Steering Group B&NES HeritageServiceswith

World HeritageTeam plus & project partners

B&NES HeritageServicesplus World HeritageTeam Delivery

WH budget anticipated Heritage Servicesplus

No extrabudgetrequirement

budgets Within existingbudgets Within WH EnhancementFund No budgetcurrently identified Anticipated asbeingwithinexisting Heritage LotteryFunding

No budgetcurrently identified £1m B&NEScontribution Budget required

Total project cost£5.317m Within existingbudgets Within Resources Other contributionsfrom hostsite partners

sought sought

Annually inApril

On-going

On-going 2016-2022 On-going Completion Oct2018

Start constructionSep2017. On-going

2017 bid June2016

Submit HLFround 2funding 2016 Timescale

Event staged Bi-annual inspectiontoensure allmaterialiscurrent Record ofmeasures undertaken Evidence ofmore materialbeingpostedto Number ofweb-sitehits Signage inplace Record ofoutreach workundertaken considered Evidence thatpossiblesolutionshavebeen Visitor numbers&feedback Visitor New brandcommissioned&inplace Evidence ofuse,audiencereached WH Centre &Learning open Facebook &Twitter accountsestablished Monitoring website found

numbers

& feedback

41 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 42 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 projects

25.

22. Education

21. 24.

20.

23. Action & Avon Canal structure fortheRiverAvon &Kennet curriculum &inassociatedlocal primary &secondaryschool effective holisticmanagement other mineralextractionoperation) Bath WHSeducationcontentin Support theestablishmentofan policy orbyothermeans through inclusioninappropriate use theUNESCOlogoinpromotion & seektoprotect them(especially Work toward increasing thecurrent & civicsignagewithinbrandguidelines from hydrocarbon extractionorany OUV, &forpartsofthesitewhere Avon withregard toimpactupon the Continue toexplore opportunitiesto identification offundingtofacilitatethis Continue tomonitorthehotsprings Strategy &otherrelevant documents Local FloodRiskManagement flood riskengagewiththeemerging groundwater &drainageposea of theBathculturaloffer &the Support theon-goingco-ordination Partners Indicators mitigate floodriskfrom theRiver Engage withallrelevant authoritiesto Environmental Resilience User

partners ontheStrategicRiverGroup schools representatives B&NES Environment Team plus members Heritage Services,PlanningServices Steering Group membersplus plus othersasrequired WH Team plusSteeringGroup B&NES BuildingControl, as museumowners Steering Group members,especially FoBRA &othersasappropriate Delivery B&NES Council,Environment Agency,

B&NES 2016/17budget not currently identified Provisional approval of£150kin Extra budgetmayberequired &is

Largely withinexistingbudgets Within existingbudgets Within

No budgetsidentifiedforthis anticipated Resources No extrabudgetrequirement early 2016

Appointment ofco-ordinator 2017-2019

On-going On-going

On-going

Timescale 2016 onwards

Figures ontakeupoftheresource curriculum Delivery ofaWaterspace Strategy Production ofWHcontenttofitthecurrent influencing ofnewpolicyorissuinglicences Evidence ofinterventiononissuessuchas Evidence ofinstanceswhere thelogoisused Evidence ofon-goingmonitoring Surveys ofcitizenawareness ofWorld Heritage Evidence ofengagementinfloodriskplanning secured Record ofco-ordination undertaken&funding provision forprotection ofOUV Monitoring Evidence ofstrategiesacknowledging&making feedback feedback

32.

31. 30.

29.

28. 27. Conservation

26. Action

of theWHS respects thespecialcharacteristics numbers allocatedtothecity sub-regional growth &newhousing government toensuregovernment that Engage withregional/national/local projects aimedatconserving the landscape oftheWHS as amechanismfordelivering materials whichare necessaryto retention ofcraftskills&building Support the‘Bathscape’partnership maintain thefabricofWHS Support initiativeswhichdeliverthe Conservation Area appraisals forareas withinBath Bring forward ConservationArea for street &otherlightingacross the pollution WHS, includingtheissueoflight provides clear&consistentguidance Work toward aframeworkwhich Buildings atRiskregister attributes carryingOUV)from the Act toremove properties (&other the to people&historicfabricwithin powered vehicles,whichisadirect risk primarily causedbypetrol/diesel Support actionstoreduce airpollution, Partners Indicators (Transport Air WHS

Historic England B&NES PlanningPolicy,

Bathscape project partners Steering Group partners B&NES Environment Team, World HeritageEnhancementFund,

Team plusPlanningPolicy B&NES Planning&Conservation

WH EnhancementFund B&NES street lighting. property owners plus SteeringGroup membersas B&NES Planning&ConservationTeam

B&NES, West ofEnglandPartnership Delivery

Within existing budgets Within

budgets ratherthannewmoney HLF fundingof£1.5msought Relies ontargeteduseofexisting programme identified forcontinuationof Further fundingrequired ¬yet

existing budgets Anticipated asbeingthrough Largely through existingbudgets

a varietyofmeasures Emission Vehicles in2016tosupport £1.449m awarded byOfficeofLow Resources

discussions To coincidewithregional planning

from this Further project milestones to flow Submission ofHLFbidJune2016. On-going through 2016-17 Ongoing appraisalofcharacterareas

On-going On-going

Full detailsyettobeworkedup Funding award periodis2016-2021. Timescale

Housing allocationfigures Evidence ofmeasures undertaken of project monitoringtargets Implementation oftheproject &achievement Successful bidforHLFfunding Availability ofcompaniesoffering craftskills Evidence ofincidencesusecraftskills prepared indraft Number ofcharacterappraisals Development decisionsincludingdarkskyissues Evidence ofconsistentdecisions&installations Framework inplace at Riskregister Number ofentriesonthenational&localBuildings the citycentre (Transport StrategyActionGABA12) vehicles) infrastructure &purchase ofUAsultra-lowemission example furtherelectricvehiclecharging Record ofmeasures undertaken(toincludefor Monitoring Options foraLowEmissionZoneexplored Production ofaprogramme toremove trafficfrom

quality

monitoring Strategy

Action

figures

GABA10)

43 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 44 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016

38. Research

37. manner

36. Funding

35.

34. 33.

39. Action group &anindexofcurrent research Pursue theestablishmentofaresearch & produce anannualnewsletter seek tomaintain&increase funding through theWHEnhancementFund, enhancement &interpretation works Continue toprogress conservation, these are madeinaco-ordinated of thesite&seektoensure that funding bidsrelating totheOUV Support appropriate conservation World Heritagebid Great SpasofEurope trans-national Continue toprogress &supportthe conservation workattheEastBaths the hotsprings those withlimitedmobility environment more accessiblefor Progress afurtherphaseof as Investigate SSSI(orsimilar)statusfor Partners Indicators opportunities tomakethehistoric Other Accessibility Continue toidentify&implement Accessibility andInclusivity Index Research

members asholdersofhistoricrecords Bath UniversityplusSteeringGroup or Working Group Enhancement FundCommittee Steering Group asmembersofthe appropriate Steering Group membersas World HeritageTeam, plus DCMS andotherproject partners B&NES Council,HistoricEngland,

Heritage Services,B&NES Environment Team, YTLGroup B&NES HeritageServices World HeritageManager, B&NES members ashistoricproperty owners Delivery B&NES Council,SteeringGroup

Potential fundingbidrequired funding shouldbesought retained. Furtheropportunitiesfor Budget inplace&needstobe

No budgetrequirement anticipated

Budget isinplace includes fundingforinterpretation) programme 2016-17.(Thisfigure £750k includedintheCouncil’s capital No budgetrequirement anticipated Transport Strategyactions Resources Funding anticipatedfordeliveryof

Under activeconsiderationin2016

On-going withannualnewsletter

On-going

Target dateforsubmissionofbidto UNESCO inJanuary2018 by March 2017 Anticipated startdate2017 Conservation workstobecompleted 2017

(GABA6) intheTransport Strategy. access &inclusionauditisanaction Timescale Commissioning ofacitycentre measures on-going

Funding secured Projects undertaken Funding levelsgenerated Annual newsletterproduced Evidence ofco-ordination ofbids Records ofsupportgiven Successful nomination Production andsubmissionofbid cleaned &stableenvironment established Consolidation works completed, ancient monument Evidence ofconsiderationthematter Accreditation asanSSSIorgeologicalsite Evidence offurthermeasures undertaken Monitoring City centre auditundertaken appropriate on-line Group

awards & maintained

established achieved

46. 42. 45. 41.

44. 40. 43. Action an effective WHSSteeringGroup ambassadors &othersonWHissues elected members,officers,visitor national & international bodieswhich national &international Provide trainingasrequired to support WHmanagement&funding Continue tomaintain&resource Administrative Maintain linkswithappropriate local, a biennialbasis Management Planprogress on Strategy fortheWHS & adoptionofaSustainableTourism Encourage &supporttheproduction economy oftheWHS safeguard &interpret thefabric& ‘visitor tax’&useproceeds to WHS ManagementPlan&investigate Visitor Partners Indicators Produce monitoringreports on Continue toexplore optionsfora if itshouldbecomeaSPD Produce asummaryversionofthe Mid-term Management Management

members secretariat) &SteeringGroup

Services plusotherpartners members WH Manager, HeadofHeritage B&NES Council(whoprovide the WH Manager, SteeringGroup Development Team review). B&NESCouncilEconomic Bath Tourism Operator(currently under

WH Manager B&NES Council Delivery WH Manager

Largely withinexistingbudgets existingbudgets Within

Largely withinexistingbudgets

No knownbudgetforthis Within existingbudgets Within to this No project budgetcurrently allocated Resources required forprinting although extrafundingmaybe Largely withinexistingbudgets,

Mid-term review anticipatedfor2019

Repeated periodically On-going

On-going

presentation toSteeringGroup 2016-17, mostlikelyaspartofa destination managementplan Biennially. toallow Timing As opportunityarises Timescale 2016

Steering Group Chairpersonrecruited &inplace Evidence oftrainingbeingused Dates oftrainingsessions meetings wellattended&productive Steering Group meetingsheld, Feedback ontraining Evidence ofliaisonwithotherbodies Evidence ofimplementationstrategy Evaluation ofbenefits Strategy developed&adopted Reports produced &presented toSteeringGroup Evidence ofactivemeasures takentopursuethis Monitoring Discussions onSPDundertaken Summary produced &distributed review

undertaken undertaken

45 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 46 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 Maps Appendix 1

Map I–World HeritageSiteBoundary andSetting

47 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 48 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 Map II–BathConservation Area Map III–Green Belt

49 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 50 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 Map IV–CotswoldArea ofOutstandingNaturalBeauty Map V–HistoricParks andGardens

51 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 52 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 Map VI–ScheduledAncientMonuments 53 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 54 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 History oftheSite Appendix 2 achieved isastonishingfor untiltheTemple wasbuilt social interaction.Theengineering feattheRomans baths, usedtheHotSprings forworship,healthand built. Thetempleprecinct, includingthermalhealing In the60sAD,great Temple ofSulisMinerva was development ofthetownandtemplearea. different andseemstorelate thelargelyseparate and theWalcot Street /London Street area –isvery of continuedRomanoccupation–thecentralarea, the archaeological evidence from thetwomainareas development ofthetownAquaeSulis.However, previously beenthoughtof asthestimulusfor The Temple ofSulisMinerva(seebelow)has strategic importanceofthecrossing. junction offourmajorRomanroads showingthe routes travellingnorthandsouththisbecamethe is thelocationofanaturalrivercrossing withexisting Cleveland Bridge(linkingLondonRoadtoBathwick) although substantialevidencehasyettobefound. area, traditionallysupposedtobeatBathwick, have establishedamilitaryencampmentintheBath moved rapidlythrough thecountryandare thoughtto When theyinvadedBritainin43AD,theRomans Roman Bath establish theirdominanceasrulers. native powerorreligious significanceinorder to is knownthattheRomanstendedtobuildonsitesof worshipped here, withofferings castintothespring. It coins. ItisbelievedthenativegoddessSuliswas Around thecausewaywere foundanumberofCeltic to thespringhead,datingLateIron Age. gravel andbouldercausewaywasdiscovered leading excavations oftheRomanreservoir inthe1970s,a sacred before theRomansmonumentalised.During There isevidencethatrole oftheHotSpringswas regular orcontinualinhabitancy. used forseasonalpasture activities,ratherthan dates from theLateIron Age.Thismayhavebeen Down, totheeastofcity, andanenclosure that Bronze Ageburialmounds(tumuli)onBathampton what, ifany, actualsettlementthere was.There are area sincec.5000BCbutitisdifficulttoestablish is notknown.There hasbeenhumanactivityinthe The exactdateofBath’s foundationasasettlement The FoundationofBath held byMercia, thetownwastransferred toWessex Wessex (south),twostrong Saxon powers.Originally political boundarybetween Mercia (north)and Bath heldanimportantlocation: thecitysaton material fortheSaxontown thatgrew. Strategically, and were graduallydemolished, providing building over bytheSaxons.TheRomanbuildingsdecayed after abattleatDyrhamin577ADBathwastaken The RomansleftBritainintheearly5thcenturyand Saxon Bath were bylawkeptcompletely separate). unusually closeintoarea occupiedbytheliving(these both domesticandindustrial.There wasacemetery more substantialmasonrystructures. Activitywas and smallmasonrybuildings,latertobereplaced by and street frontage andcontainedamixture oftimber goods andservices.Thesettlementincludedriver of amilitaryestablishmentwouldhaverequired communications andpassingtradethepresence location wouldhavebeensupportedbygood 48-63 AD,before thetemplewasconstructed.This from thearea around Cleveland Bridgedatefrom area tosuggestasettlementwasdeveloping.Finds enough activityintheWalcot Street /LondonStreet Prior tothebuildingoftemple,there wasalready erected overpartofthetempleprecinct itself. have beenonalargescale,withbuildingsbeing industrial activityisfoundandthechangeseemsto in the4thcenturythatevidencefordomesticor bank, were builtinthe3rd or4thcenturies.Itisonly which are believedtohavefollowedthelineof been enclosedbyanearthenbank.Thestonewalls, the 2ndcenturyarea, about24acres, mayhave continued intothe4thandpossibly5thcenturies.In other largepublicbuildingswere built.Development temple andbathsprecinct untilthe2ndcenturywhen The area appearstohaveconsistedsolelyofthe temple building. which wasinthecourtyard ofthegreat Classical sacred poolofthetemple,neartosacrificialaltar by theoxidisediron salts.Thereservoir formedthe in theRomanBathsMuseum,stainedbrightorange the water. Thespringoverflowcanstillbeseentoday with theamountofsandbrought tothesurfaceby sluice gatearrangementwasputinplacetocope lined reservoir wasbuiltwhere theSpringsrose anda the Springsbubbledupoutofopenmarshes.Alead history. caused bythiseventmarked anewerainBath’s the townwassacked.Thedisruption King William at Bristol,andbecauseBathwaslargelyowned by supported bytheNormanbishops,whosebase was with hisbrother, RobertofNormandy. Therevolt was II centre ofaplottodisplace thenewkingWilliam the Conqueror in1088Bathwasatthe of William 1066, intheunsettledperiodthatfolloweddeath largely unaffected bythearrival oftheNormansin Bath. Thoughthetownisthoughttohavebeen the area surrendered totheDanish KingSweinat Saxons stayedintheWest Countryuntil1013,when Norman Bath Edgar. it wasconsidered afittingplaceforthecrowning of was wellestablishedintheSaxoneraand973AD remains are elusive,thereputation ofthemonastery the existingAbbeychurch. Thoughthephysical known butthesecemeteriessuggestitwascloseto Stalles. Theexactlocationofthemonasteryisnot replaced bythemedievalchurch ofStMaryde to eitherthemonasteryornearbySaxonchurch north oftheKing’s Spring,whichmayhavebelonged Kingston Parade.Asecondhasbeenfoundtothe Temple where theEastBathsproject outbeneath has beenlocatedintheprecinct oftheRoman One cemetery, believedtobelongthemonastery, Minerva. both insideandaround theRomanTemple ofSulis seems thattheSaxonsbuilttheirreligious buildings the fragmentsofSaxonBaththatstillsurvive,it foundation, establishedbythemid-8thcentury. From The monasteryofSt.Peterwasanancient the monasteryinBath. when Edgarwascrowned firstkingofallEnglandat Saxon erawasundoubtedlyon11May, 973AD, and lateramintwasestablished.Thehighlightofthe (Saxonparliament)washeldinBath AD theWitan standing, thoughprobably inapoorcondition.In901 of Bathandrepaired theRomanwallsthatwere still The Wessex kingssetaboutimproving thedefences in thelate9thcentury, inthetimeofKingAlfred. times, travellerscamefrom farawaytousethem. Europe fortheirhealingproperties and,asinRoman century thebathswere well knownthroughout to theHotSpringsduringSaxontimes,by12th Though itisnotclearhowmuchattentionwaspaid and refreshment facilities. resting andprivacy(thebathswere opentothesky) sheltered alcovesaround theedgeofbathfor and diseasedbathers,withareas forundressing, apparent thatthere were distinct bathsforhealthy Cross andHotSprings.From laterdrawingsitis additional bathsatthetwoothermainsprings, developed intoquiteanextensivecomplexwith known itwasthere underthesurface)anditwas over theRomanreservoir (thoughtheymaynothave then forgotteninSaxontimes.Anewbathwasbuilt renovation oftheKing’s Bath,largelydemolishedand John ofTours wasprobably alsoresponsible for the King’s Bath 450 years. largest powerinthecity, apowerthatwouldlastfor king’s property inBathandthechurch becamethe king. JohnofTours paid500poundsforallofthe the bishop,withmostofrest belongingtothe Roman complex,ofwhichonly3acres belongedto covered about24acres, muchthesameas church thatexiststoday. Atthistimethewalledtown in Englandandfarlargerthanthe16thcenturyAbbey The newcathedralwasoneofthelargestitskind Medieval walledtown. died in1166)tookupanentire quarterofthe build (itwasfinishedbyBishopRobertofLeweswho complex thatJohnofTours plannedandstartedto Bath andanewerainbuildingbegan.Thereligious decided tomovehisseatthemonasterychurch of appointed asBishopofWells. Thenewbishop In 1090,JohnofTours was (alsocalleddeVillula) The MedievalTown expand. Alsoasaresult ofthecharterabbey and Walcot, andgave the citypotentialto beyond themedievalwalls, toincludeBartonFarm was thatitextendedthe boundariesofthecity One ofthemostimportant aspectsofthecharter bishop andpriortotheCorporation. incorporation andfinallygaveallthepowersof this whensheauthorisedanewcharterof the priory. In1590,Queen Elizabethcompounded mayor andcitizensofBathalltheproperty ownedby gaining strength. TheLetters Patentof1552gavethe authorities, intheformofCityCorporation,were unsettled periodoftheDissolutionandcivic influential forover400years,wasgoingthrough the changed completely. Thechurch, whichhadbeen In the16thcentury, thepowerbalanceincity The RiseoftheCityCorporation was guttedandleftasaruin. Dissolution in1536thechurch wasnotfinished:it cathedral withanewchurch, butbythetimeof King decidedtoreplace thealmostruinedNorman of greater importancethaneither. In1499,Bishop gently declined,untilthetown’s regional marketwas thriving woolmarket,thereligious buildingsandbaths the monastery. Whilethetowndevelopedintoa cathedral andreturnedtobeingapriorychurch for 1218, theabbeychurch inBathceasedtobea theremoval ofthebishopricbackto WellsWith in Late Medieval since itsfoundation. diminished prosperity, butithasalwaysbeenactive hospital hashadavariedhistory, withperiodsof there wouldhavebeenacourtyard andgarden. The and buildings wouldhavebeenkitchenandbarn infirmary buildingandachapelattheeastend.Other have beenfairlystandard medievalhospitalwithan area were grantedtothemforincome.Itseems hospital buildings,andparcels oflandoverawider the Cross andHotBathsthecitywallsfor monastery. Landwasgiventothehospitalbetween of Bathandwasplacedunderthecontrol ofthe was foundedbyBishopReginaldtobenefitthepoor In about1180,theHospitalofStJohnBaptist St John’s Hospital In response totheincreasing numbersofvisitors,the this hadrisentoc.30,000. with thegrowth andpopularitythatfollowed,by1800 grew further. In1700the populationwasc.2000,but society thatwastobehadinBathanditspopularity and 1703were seenasconfirmation ofthegood Queen Annein1692(asPrincess)andthen1702 established asafashionableresort. Thevisitsof and inthelaterdecadesof17thcenturywas Bath increased inpopularity throughout the1600s The BeginningofGeorgianBath market gardens. was surrounded onmostsidesbyorchards and the poorandwealthy. Outsidethewalls,city and definingmore thaneverthedifferences between with fourstorey tiledbuildings,fillinginemptyspaces walls. Thetwostorey thatchedhouseswere replaced during thiscentury, itchangedgreatly withinthe the citydidnotexpandoutintocountryside battle onLansdownHill,justnorthofthecity. Though occupying Bathwere defeatedbytheRoyalistsina during theCivilWar (1642-9),Parliamentaryforces but hadasteadilygrowing population.In1643, Bath wasstillsmall,largelyconfinedwithinitswalls, The 17thcenturysawattemptstocleanupthecity. Bath. houses. Thiswasthestartofmasstouristtradein greater number(andhigherquality)oflodging visitors, attractedbytheimproved facilities,ledtoa 16th centuryto‘gentrify’it.Thegrowing numberof Bath. TheHotBathinparticularwasimproved inthe Bath, mainlyusedbydiseasedbathers,andtheHot 1576. There were alsotwootherbaths:theCross Queen’s Bath(originallyknownastheNewBath)in medieval structure, theCorporationadded the baths,setaboutrenovating them.Mostlystillthe bathing andtheCorporation,realising thepotentialof saw anumberofpublicationsextollingthevirtues given totheCorporationin1552.The16thcentury The baths,traditionallyCrown property, hadbeen city authorities. city andassuchitwasgraduallyrenovated bythe meant itwastheprincipalplaceofworshipfor remains tothisday. Thenewstatusofthechurch parish church ofStPeterandPaul,whichit church, stillunfinished,was re-consecrated asthe

55 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 56 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 comprehensive andinsuch adifferent style. street sincetheGeorgianrebuilding pattern, wasso very difficultnowtotracethistownexceptinthe with narrow streets andoverhangingfacades.Itis buildings were almostallin thelatermedievaltradition 1700, wassmall,confinedbyitswalls,andthe The medievaltown,asBathessentiallystillwasin of facilitiesandstatus. 18th centuryinnumbersofvisitorsandexpectations both styleandscale,reflecting thegrowth duringthe replaced withthecurrent examples,muchgranderin Terrace Walk. Thesemodestbuildingswere later building andthelowerAssemblyRoomsin1708on Pump Roombuiltin1706onthesiteofexisting to theincreasing numbersofvisitors,withthefirst and finishingaround 1825.Initiallyitwasa response years, startingatthebeginningof18thcentury The buildingofGeorgianBathtookroughly 125 Building theNewCity hundred years. a a newcityinfluenceddevelopmentinBathfor Wood wasanarchitect whoseextraordinary visionfor stone minesthatsurrounded Bathinthe1720s.John the needforbuildingmaterial,buyingupmostof fortune indevelopingthePostalServiceandforesaw new standards ofbehaviour. RalphAllenmadehis imposing onsocietyasetofrulesthatcarvedout quickly establishedhimselfasMasterofCeremonies, and beseen.BeauNasharrivedinBath1704 the toastofsocietyflockedthere everyyeartosee Allen andJohnWood hailedthecity’s goldeneraas The arrivalinBathofRichard (Beau)Nash,Ralph became availableforexpansion. Farm tothenorthandKingsmeadsouthsoon to breach thecitywalls,andareas suchasBarton Street (1707)wasthefirstspeculativedevelopment grasped theopportunitynowpresented tothem.Trim and thosewhoheldlandoutsidethecitywalls brought more visitors.Pressure forlandgrew sharply came, thecity’s facilitieswere improved whichinturn Abbey Yard andtheKing’s Bath.Asmore visitors first PumpRoomwasbuilt1704-1706betweenthe the steephills. the continuouslineof terracesastheyclimbedup dictated muchofthemethod ofbuildingandaffected The topographyofthecitywasachallengeand it the 18thcentury, themajority ofthemlocaltoBath. work inisolation;there were manyarchitects activein views andcountrysidesetting.JohnWood didnot built onthehillsaboveoldcitytomakeuseof the crescents andterraces,particularly where theywere The highlightsofarchitecture inBathmustbethe Georgian Architecture changing stylesandtechniques. Bath’s buildingsthatspanstwothousandyearsof availability ofthestonelocallyhasgivenaharmonyto CastleandBuckinghamPalace.The Windsor after hisdeathstonefrom CombeDownwasusedat Portland. Allenwasnotsuccessfulinthisplan,but where hehopedtorivalthepre-eminence of building materialbuttopromote itsuseinLondon, the 1720swere notsomuchtosupplythecitywith Ralph Allen’s reasons forbuyingthestoneminesin other placessuchasBox. close tothecityatCombeDownandOdd building inBathandthequarriesminesgrew up has beenusedatleastsinceRomantimesfor from theminesaround thecity. Thisooliticlimestone largely tothealmostwholesaleuseofBathstone, This isduepartlytoJohnWood’s influencebut independently, Bathhasarare visualhomogeneity. Despite somanydifferent architects working Bath Stone result thatthetownexpandedveryrapidly. both duringhislifetimeandafterdeath,withthe example wasfollowedbymanydifferent architects, era.Wood’sdevelopment inBathuntiltheVictorian planning traditionthatcanbeseeninvirtuallyevery accomplished Georgianbuildingsandatown immense, withsomeoftheearliestandmost plans were notcompleted,hisachievementswere forever. Thoughhemetmixedenthusiasmandhis John Wood’s planschangedthefaceofcity John Wood became safe rather than exciting. New anti-gambling became saferatherthan exciting.Newanti-gambling classes. More peoplebegantoretire toBathandit changed from highsocietytotheemergingmiddle the aristocracydwindled andthenature ofthevisitors Towards theendofcentury, Bath’s popularitywith The DeclineinPopularity during the18thcentury. wealth: thenumberofvisitorsincreased bytentimes The citybecamedependantonthetouristsforits and wasanessentialpartofhighsociety’s calendar. season lengthenedfrom a few weekstosixmonths gathered there tobepartoffashionablesociety. The main attractionwasself-perpetuating:society were stillusedfordrinkingandbathingbutBath’s was bothagreat supporterandregulator. Thewaters to itsgamblingestablishments,ofwhichBeauNash Bath’s positionasasocietyfavouritewasinpartdue widened andrefronted. of themedievalstreetandotherswere pattern cut through existingrows ofbuildings,alteringparts roads suchasUnionandBathStreets (c.1790)were much ofthemedievalarchaeology ofBath.New of thesebasementsandvaultshascompromised the housesoneithersideofstreet: theexcavation are builtonvaults,connectedtothebasementsof physical impactonthecity. The18thcenturyroads The designofthetownhouseshadasignificant the countryside. of Lansdownandstretching outeastandwestinto expansion ofthecitywasrapid,climbingslopes thecitywastransformed.The facades. Visually though more materialmaysurvivebehindthe rebuild spared veryfewofthemedievalbuildings, physical andvisual,wasenormous.Thescaleofthe The impactofthe18thcenturyoncity, both decorative finishofthedesign. built, cleverlyincorporatedtheinclinesinto work ofthe1820s,lastgreat terracestobe particularly indealingwiththeslopes.JohnPinch’s became more sophisticatedthroughout thecentury, on solidrock couldbecompleted.Terrace design endofthecrescent western andonlythehousesbuilt instability ofBeaconHillresulted inthecollapseof attempts tolevelthesites.AtCamdenCrescent, the the Circus, hugeamountsofearthwere movedin For thebiggerprojects suchasQueenSquare and Gallery. Art extend theGuildhalland addtoittheVictoria 1897 andthesamearchitect wasthenemployedto Room extension,theConcertHall,wascompleted by to prop uptheirflaggingtourist trade.ThePump to theremains whichthecity sawasanopportunity endofthiscomplexallowingvisits built atthewestern City SurveyorofWork and architect. Newbathswere achieved through thedetermination ofMajorDavis, Great Bathfoundin1880, mostofwhichwas of theRomanBathscomplex,withremains ofthe erawastherediscoveryThe highlightoftheVictorian with theintroduction ofplateglassinwindows. Georgian cityastechnologyprogressed, particularly alsomademanysmalleralterations tothe Victorians of thecityinmid-later19thcentury. The were prolific andwere influential inthedevelopment architects, suchasHenryGoodridge(1797-1864), the visualhomogeneityofpresent city. Several the buildingsofGeorgianBath,thusaddinggreatly to preferences, alsocontinuedtoworkinharmonywith architecturaladopting Victorian advancesandstylistic Bath. There were manyarchitects who,whilst relate tothestyleandgrandeurofarchitecture of the styleofthesestructures wascarefully designedto Bathinparticularwasaffected, and southern though to Bristollinewithfineviaducts,bridgesandstations constructed theGreat WesternRailwayPaddington grandiose architecture. Isambard KingdomBrunel on Bathwastheintroduction oftherailwayandits One ofthegreatest wrought changestheVictorians Victorian Changes resort, inarchitecturally excellentsurroundings. Bath’s reputation becamethatofaquietrefined villas. Thepopulationcontinuedtogrow quicklyand channelled intothenewlypopularsemi-detached returned inthe1820s,buildingenergywas the mainstreet inrelative isolation.Whenstability Street, thesuburbsofwhichwere neverbuilt,leaving unfinished, mostnotablyperhapsGreat Pulteney France. Thisleddirectly toseveralschemesgoing with thefinancialcrisisbrought onbythewarwith Physical expansioncametoanabrupthaltin1793 decline. laws andthedeathofBeauNashaddedto and communityfacilities. housing andtheincorporation ofgreen openspaces and promoted betterstandards forresidential retaining Bath’s visual linktosurrounding countryside existing cityboundary. It recognised thedesirabilityof and plannedforresidential developmentsinsidethe largely unrealised, furthered theGreen Beltconcept planning. Thisdocument,inpartsfarsightedthough the wardamageandmoveintoaneweraoftown Bath, aproposal forcity-wide developmenttoreplace In 1945,SirPatrickAbercrombie wrote hisPlanfor Town Planning redeveloped. artisan suburbswere generallycleared and Georgian buildingswere largelyrestored butthe Oldfield ParkandKingsmead.Thehigherstatus the citywere lost,inhighlyresidential areas suchas swathes ofartisanbuildingsinthewestandsouth the destroyed southsideofQueenSquare. Large (newly refurbished bytheNationalTrust in1938)and exceptions suchastheguttedAssemblyRooms felt mostofthedamage,withafewnotable part oftheWorld War IIBaedekerraids.Thesuburbs On 25and26April1942,Bathwashitbybombsas Bomb Damage Scheme in1933. incorporated intoaBathandDistrictPlanning ‘straggling development’.Theserestrictions were the needtoconserveitscharacterandprevent the specialqualityoflandscapearound Bathand Abercrombie andBFBrueton.Theplanhighlighted based onaRegionalPlanwrittenbyPatrick prepared, Bathdevelopedaprototype Green Belt In 1930,beforelegislationwas similarGovernment 20th Century status ithadenjoyedthroughout the1700s. 20th century, butitwasnottorecover thesocial destination didimprove inthefirstdecadesof Empire Hotel.Bath’s popularityasatourist additiontothecitywas The lastlargeVictorian century community. ensemble thatcontinues tosupportathriving21st extensive remains formaunique andoutstanding landscape andeconomy. However, thecity’s the late20thcenturyalsochangedcity’s century andthedeclineofmanufacturingindustry in Bath’s suburbscontinuedtoexpandinthe 20th lifeinahistorictown. in modern showing agrowing awareness oftheissuesinvolved place, andmore thoughtwas putintoredevelopment in historictowns.Graduallyanimprovement took management oftrafficanddevelopmentspecifically emerging. Studieswere undertakenintothe By thelater1960s,changesinattitudewere buildings. national attitudestotheconservationofhistoric the so-called‘SackofBath’alsohelpedtoinfluence successful conservationmovementformedtoresist historic buildingsforhousingimprovements. The 1950s and60swhentheCityCouncildemolished War IIbombingraids(April1942)andalsoduringthe some casesentire suburbs,were lostintheWorld Many smallerGeorgianartisandwellings,andin influence nationalattitudestohistoricbuildings. it achievedinstoppingthatdestruction,helpedto the destructionofhistoricbuildings,andsuccess conservation movementthatformedinresponse to historic artisanbuildingsduringthisperiod.The or evendesirablefeature. Bathlostmuchofits longer considered landscapedesignasanecessary fine architecture. The replacement developmentsno cleared intheirentireties resulting inthehugelossof destruction. 18thand19thcenturysuburbswere country-wide blightofwholesalehistoricbuilding post-war designedlandscapes,Bathfellvictimtothe protection ofGreen Beltandparticipationinthe new developmentswaslost.Despiteitsearly emphasis onincorporatinglandscapedesigninto Planning controls, however, were alteringandthe cleaning ofthestonefacadesCircus. the BathTown Schemeoffered grantsforthe grant aidtohistoricbuildingconservation.In1955/6 andthecitycouncil,to between centralgovernment the firstjointlyfundedgrantschemeincountry Further totheearlyGreen Beltprovision, Bathsaw

57 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 58 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 for Inscription Justification Appendix 3

vi. v. iv. iii. ii. i. The sitemust: Criteria foroutstandinguniversalvalue Implementation oftheWorld HeritageConvention. Heritage Committee’s OperationalGuidelinesforthe These criteriaare setoutintheUNESCOWorld and theprovision ofadequatelegislativeprotection. fulfilling additionaltestsofauthenticityandintegrity, criteria measuringoutstandinguniversalvalue,and based uponthesitemeetingoneormore ofsix Inscription ontothelistofWorld HeritageSitesis significance. and literaryworksofoutstandinguniversal living traditions,withideas,orbeliefs,artistic be directly ortangiblyassociatedwithevents change; or vulnerable undertheimpactofirreversible a culture, especiallywhenithasbecome settlement orland-usewhichisrepresentative of be anoutstandingexampleofatraditionalhuman in humanhistory;or landscape whichillustrates(a)significantstage(s) or architectural ortechnologicalensemble be anoutstandingexampleofatypebuilding or whichhasdisappeared; or a culturaltraditionortocivilisationwhichisliving bear auniqueoratleastexceptionaltestimonyto landscape design;or technology, monumentalarts,town-planningor world, ondevelopmentsinarchitecture or over aspanoftimeorwithinculturalarea ofthe exhibit animportantinterchange ofhumanvalues, genius; or represent amasterpieceofhumancreative exponentially, buthewasalsotargetingmarkets in stone needsatatimewhen thecitywasexpanding where notonlywasheabletosupplyallofBath’s mining stone.Hebuiltup thatindustrytothepoint exceptional foresight whoboughtextensiveareas for Ralph Allen(1693-1764)wasanentrepreneur with patrons andbuilderstotheir schemes. and enabledarchitects such asJohnWood toattract London, prompted thephysical expansionofthecity Bath’s positionasasocietycity, secondonlyto classes withthe‘rules’hedevisedforBathsociety. significantly todefiningbehaviourfortheupper throughout the18thcentury, andcontributed responsible forthecity’s incredible popularity centre unrivalledoutsideLondon.Hewaslargely build onitspopularityasaspaandtocreate asocial who cametoBathin1705.Hesawanopportunity Richard ‘Beau’Nash(1674-1761)wasagambler this change. presence ofseveralambitiouspersonalitiesthatdrove absence oflocal,rulingautocrats.Butitwasthe popularity asaspa,thedemandforhousing,and conditions forthisexpansion,includingthecity’s universal value.Severaldrivingforces created the providing thecitywithmuchofitsoutstanding classical intheperiodofonehundred years,and rapidly, changingitscharacterfrom medievalto In the18thcentury, Bathprospered andexpanded creative genius Criterion i.represent amasterpieceofhuman Meeting criteriai,iiandiv protection. tests ofauthenticity, integrityandadequatelegislative for criteriai,iiandiv. Thecityalsomeetsthefurther Bath wasinscribedasaWorld HeritageSitein1987 ii. i. inscription required thatthesitemust: The OperationalGuidelinesinforce atthetimeof Further tests conservation ofthenominatedculturalproperties and managementmechanismstoensure the have adequatelegaland/ortraditionalprotection workmanship orsetting meet thetestofauthenticityindesign,material, swineherd andsuffering from leprosy. their curativepowerswhilst wanderingasa supposed tohavediscovered theHotSpringsand myths suchasthatofPrince Bladud,whois particularly Stonehenge and StantonDrew, and Britain. Hefoundinspirationinstonecircles, heavily onthemythologyandarchitecture ofancient eccentric, producing architectural writingsbased Andrea Palladio.Wood wassomethingofan the previous centuryandparticularly theworkof ancient Romanremains, the classicalarchitecture of Wood’s visionforBath washeavilyinfluencedby Exchange (nowTown Hall,1749-54). Exchange andMarket(1741-3)Liverpool’s around EnglandandWales, includingBristol’s Hospital (1727-30),Wood alsoworkedextensively such astheDukeofChandos,includingStJohn’s In additiontoremodelling commissionsforpatrons 42), theCircus (begun1754)andGayStreet (c.1750). General (nowRoyalMineralWater) Hospital(1738- with Pierrepont Street andDukeStreet (1740-43),the by Richard Jonesc.1750),NorthandSouthParade, Prior Park(begunbyWood c.1733,andcompleted Wood’s mainworkswere QueenSquare (1729-36), Bath andtheartoftownplanninginBritain. and influential,changedforever thecharacterof created inpursuitofhisvisionwashighlyinnovative individual developments.Thearchitecture thathe to continueindependentlyproduce speculative widely rejected bythecitycorporation,forcing Wood exhibition ofsports.Theplanswere radicaland Forum, Circus andImperialGymnasiumforthe buildings andformalopensocialspaces,includinga classical city. Hisvisionincludedgrandpublic small medievalwalledcityintoamonumental, 1727 withtheextraordinary visiontotransformthe John Wood theElderreturnedtohisnativeBathin many otherarchitects inBathandBritain. town planningisoutstanding,andpavedthewayfor developments inarchitecture, landscapedesignand Younger (1728-1781).Theircombinedcontributionto Elder (1704-1754)andhisson,JohnWood the work inBaththe18thcenturywere JohnWood the The bestknownandmostinfluentialarchitects at that muchofthe18thcenturybuildingwaspossible. and torelease moneyforspeculativedevelopment, mines, particularlyatCombeDownandOddDown, London. Itisthrough hisefforts tobuildupthestone landscape. further withitssinuouscurves andharmonywiththe achievements ofWood’s Crescent andtookitmuch Lansdown Crescent (1789-93),whichfollowedthe John Palmer(1738-1817) isbestknownfor of BathStreet (1791). rebuilding oftheCross Bath(c.1786)andthecreation improvements tothebathing facilities,includingthe his role ascitysurveyor, Baldwinalsocoordinated finest 18thcenturycivicbuildinginteriorsinBritain. In smaller terraces.TheGuildhallcontainssomeof the Pump Roomcolonnades(1791-92),aswellmany (including Great PulteneyStreet, c.1788-95)andthe as theGuildhall(1775-78),Bathwickestate seen alloverBath,insomeofthekeybuildingssuch The workofThomasBaldwin(1750-1820)canbe Baldwin. Bath particularlyinfluencedarchitects suchas style thanthatusedbytheWoods. Adam’s workin Rialto BridgeinVenice, itintroduced afreer Palladian original, saveforPalladio’s un-builtproposal forthe Bridge (1769-74),anothericonicstructure. Highly Robert Adam(1728-92)wasresponsible forPulteney quality andinnovation.Thefollowingisaselection. century andwhoalsoproduced workofoutstanding other architects whowere activeinthe18thand19th finest Palladianarchitecture ofBath,there were many While theWoods undoubtedlyproduced muchofthe architecture andstreet designof the18thcentury. one ofthemosticonicandinfluentialpieces the expandingcitywithspeculativefunding,became Square andtheCircus ongreen fieldsontheedgeof (c.1767). Thismassiveendeavour, builtlikeQueen approached from theCircus alongBrock Street undoubtedly theRoyalCrescent (1767-75)whichis The Woods’ greatest achievement,however, is (c.1780) andtheHotBath(1773-7). include RiversStreet (c.1770),CatherinePlace opulence. OtherexamplesofWood’s workinBath at thattime,andwasfamedforitsbeauty design. TheinteriorwasunlikeanythingseeninBath (1769-71), constructingthebuildingtohisown gaining thefundingforNewAssemblyRooms aspects ofBathsociety, andwasinstrumentalin architect inhisownright.Hewasinvolvedall the deathofhisfather, butwasalsoanextraordinary John Wood theYounger completedtheCircus after established atVersailles (1620s-70s)ofplacing and landscape.Thisfollowed onfrom thetradition movement andcreated adialoguebetweenbuilding Palladian architecture withthe emergingRomantic The Woods’ RoyalCrescent (1767-75) combined architecture oftherulingelite. vision. Bathiswhere themiddle classaccessedthe without theconstrainingpowerofasinglepatron or Enlightenment tobeinterpreted freely andcreatively the rulesofPalladianismandideasFrench and theabsenceofthreat ofwarfare allowedfor increasing opportunitiesavailable totheindividual, wealth andaspirationsofthemiddleclass, Bath, theconfluenceofSocietyandgrowing plans centred onpalacesandotherkeybuildings.In into Classicalform,theytendedtofollowgrandaxial rule ofstateandChurch. Where theywere extended by theirmedievallayoutsandfortifications,the centuries. European citieswere largelycharacterised cities whichdominatedthe15th,16thand17th away from theuniformstreet layoutsofRenaissance Bath exemplifiesthe18thcenturyEuropean move town-planning orlandscapedesign architecture ortechnology, monumentalarts, cultural area oftheworld,ondevelopmentsin human values,overaspanoftimeorwithin Criterion ii.exhibitanimportantinterchange of and extremely beautiful. and logical,inconcord withitsnaturalenvironment wider landscape,creating acitythatisharmonious individual developmenttothosearound itandtothe did notprevent themfrom contrivingtorelate each with nomasterplan,shared visionorsinglepatron, architects were workingoverthecourseofacentury, town anditsphysicalcharacteristics.Thatthese response totheopportunitiesoffered bythespa centuries whoappliedanddevelopedPalladianismin of thearchitects andvisionariesofthe18th19th universal valueistestamenttotheskillandcreativity That Bathisacknowledgedasaplaceofoutstanding facade. steep hillsdidnotinterfere withtheflowof treatment ofslopingterraces,ensuringthatBath’s to severalterracesisparticularlynotableforitscareful successful applicationofsinglemonumentalfacades Place (1807-8)andSionHill(1817-20).Pinch’s terraces throughout thecity, suchasNewSydney John Pinch(1770-1827)produced aseriesofelegant Edinburgh, plans for extending the new town after Edinburgh, plansforextending thenewtownafter development ofarchitectural Romanticism.In are sitedinfree contactwith nature, continuingthe Park. Here, unifiedmonumental,classicalterraces and theelementscanbe seeninhisworkatRegents unexecuted plansforLondonshowthiscombination, the 1810smanyofarchitect JohnNash’s adjoining Crescent andCircus. From the1790sto Dance withLondon’s AmericaSquare andits developed inBathwere first exportedbyGeorge leading architects oftheday. Theideasandprinciples connecting streets, wasimmediately takenupbythe their interrelation withone another through The combinationofcrescent, circus andsquare, and Buxton, andincoastalresorts suchasBrighton. and citiesfrom LondontoEdinburgh,Exeter spatial arrangementsofBathwere echoedintowns Britain,thearchitectureMassachusetts. Within and Tontine Crescent (1793,demolished1858)inBoston, can beseenasfara-fieldCharlesBulfinch’s The extentofthespread ofthesetoolsandprinciples continental Europe. removed from thegrandaxialtownplanningof between street, openspaceandbuilding,sofar principle ofaflexibleandinformal relationship mid-19th century. More importantthanthesewas the the square, themainstayoftownplanninguntil demonstrated inBathbytheWoods, became,with fold. ThetoolsofCrescent andCircus, first Bath’s contributiontoBritishtownplanningistwo- the buildingisanintegralpartoflandscape. and distantruralsettingscreate theimpression that mimic thecontoursofland,andimmediate Crescent. Here thesinuouscurvesofbuildings most fullydevelopedinJohnPalmer’s Lansdown Picturesque movementswithPalladianarchitecture is century Britain.TheconfluenceoftheRomanticand one ofthedominantaestheticmovements19th within thetown.ThePicturesque movementbecame the green landscapecreates theillusionofcountry of thePicturesque intotheurbanenvironment, where In Britain,theRoyalCrescent markstheintroduction 1816-20). the PiazzadelPopoloinRome(GuiseppeValadier, Concorde inParis(Jacques-AngeGabriel,1763)and architecture canalsobeseenatPlacedela of nature brought intothecityandintegrated buildings indirect contactwithnature. Theprinciple

59 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 60 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 make a significant contribution to an understanding make asignificantcontribution toanunderstanding one ofthemostrenowned. Theremains inBath Of allthespasinEurope, survivingorlost,Bathwas Empire bythepilgrimswhotravelledtoworshiphere. the Temple andBaths wasrecognised across the unique partoftheRomanEmpire. Theimportanceof Roman settlement,provide anopportunitytostudya with thearchaeological artefacts andremains ofthe The RomanBathsandTemple complex,together century heritagecity. prehistoric shrinetoitscurrent positionasa21st and documentationfrom its earliestoriginsasalate extraordinary citycanbetraced inphysicalremains historical context.Thedevelopmentofthis made richerbythesurvivalofsomuchtheir most significanteras–RomanandGeorgianare werewhich, inturn, influencedbythecity. Thetwo Bath isareflection ofthesocietiesthatcreated itand significant stage(s)inhumanhistory ensemble orlandscapewhichillustrates(a) type ofbuildingorarchitectural ortechnological Criterion iv. beanoutstandingexampleofa circles. subsequent ‘crescents’ were laidoutaspartsof difficult forlaterarchitects to reproduce. All of itsshapeeitherwentun-noticed,orwastoo unique inthatitisasemi-ellipse.Thesophistication space. However, Bath’s RoyalCrescent remains individual dictatedthepopularityofvillasandprivate vernacular, andwere dominantuntilthefocuson crescent, terraceandthesquare entered the element, increasingly insmallerdevelopments.The elements, itwasalsowidelyusedasanindividual addition toitsuseincombinationwithother curves ofcrescents atExeterandShrewsbury. In Crescents atBuxtonandBrightontothesofter classes ofarchitecture from thegrandRoyal Conversely, thecrescent wastranslatedintoall relatively fewexamplessurvivetoday. early imitationsoftheCircus were notcontinued,and arrangement toamethodoftrafficmanagement.The at whichthecircus movesfrom beingaresidential Circus andPiccadillyCircus, London,marksthepoint Nash’s developmentofthecircus ideaatOxford arrangements showninBath. though withoutthedegree ofinformalityspatial 1800 madeextensiveuseofcrescent andcircus, Room are themainexamples.However, muchmore Hot Bath,Cross Bath,King’s BathandHetling Pump bathing in,thehotwater. TheGrandPumpRoom, buildings dedicatedtothe takingof(drinking),and The role ofBathasaSpaiscanbeseeninthemany reflect thesocialambitions oftheage. prime role asapleasure resort andhealthspa, spaces, parksandgardens. Theyrespond toBath’s integrated withresidential streets, openpublic and finishedbyJohnPalmer1795),are harmoniously Guildhall (1775-8)andPumpRoom(begun1790, Assembly Rooms(1769-71)andThomasBaldwin’s buildings, suchasJohnWood theYounger’s New and topographyofBath.Thegreat civicandsocial neoclassical architecture tosuittheparticularscale (1769-74) particularlydemonstratetheapplicationof (1733-50) andRobertAdam’s PulteneyBridge Buildings suchasJohnWood theElder’s PriorPark cityscape, are notablefortheirindividualmerits. that, inadditiontotheircontributionthewider There are manyindividualbuildingsandstructures the societyoftime. in architecture andtownplanning,foritsrole in outstanding valueforitscontributiontodevelopments industrial remains –represents a uniquesurvivalof open spaces,landscapesettings,stoneminesand buildings from highstatustoartisan,parks,gardens, footways socialandpublicbuildings,domestic The extentofthesurviving18thcenturycity–streets, the creation andinterlinkingofurbanspaces. houses, theintegrationoflandscapeandtown, neoclassical city–themonumentalisationofordinary Bath exemplifiesthemainthemesof18thcentury architecture, spatialarrangementandsocialhistory. whole, thecityisauniqueexampleofoutstanding century Bathare ofoutstandingvalue.Taken asa Individually, thebuildingsandensemblesof18th the Romansettlementisstilluneven. era. Thisisanexcitingprospect sinceknowledgeof archaeological discovery, particularlyfrom theRoman There isconsiderablepotentialforfurther remains northoftheAlps. Roman remains intheUK,andsomeofbestspa Hadrian’sWith Wall, theyare thebestsurviving of Romansocietyinthe1stto4thcenturiesAD. and appreciation ofthesocialandreligious character of asinglesidedstreet withavistaoutoveropen symbolises theCrescent Moon.Itintroduced theidea such asChester)inBritish architecture, andpossibly the ellipse(excludingsome Romanamphitheatres, and downinfront ofit.Itisthefirstandonlyuse of monumental backdrop for those whoparadedup to increase thedramaof buildingandtoprovide a situation inthelandscape centuries. TheRoyalCrescent makesthebestofits that becamesodominantinthelater18thand19th and wasaforerunner ofthe Picturesque movement It harmoniouslyblendsarchitecture andlandscape, Younger, 1767-75)thathashadthegreatest impact. Royal Crescent (possiblybothWood theElderand Of allthedevelopmentsinBathitisperhaps Circus untilthelastmoment. 1733-55), where theinclineofhillconceals approaching upGayStreet (alsobytheWoods, greatly increased whenviewedasintendedafter with dramatic,enclosed,urbanspace.Thisdramais individual compositionthatblendsfinearchitecture Stonehenge. Thiscombinationproduced ahighly mythology, Druidsandstonecircles, suchas Wood’s interest inantiquitiesand,thiscase, Celtic such as‘rond-points’. TheCircus alsoreflects (Jules Hardouin-Mansart, 1685),andgarden designs developments suchasPlacedesVictoires, Paris degree. Itsroots canbeseeninRomancoliseums, Europe andithasneverbeenrepeated tothesame 66) isquiteunlikeanythingtobefoundacross The Circus (JohnWood theElderandYounger, 1754- development. suitably grandbackdrop wasthemainpurposeof South Parades,where publicpromenading againsta device whichcanalsobeseeninWood’s Northand that directly related tothebuildingsaround them–a house. Thisallowedforthecreation ofurbanspaces time whenstreets were largelyconstructedhouseby composing streetsa inacompletelyunifiedstyle,at architects across thecountrypossibilitiesof earlier attemptsinLondon.Itdemonstratedto individual housesasamonumentalfacade,following first successfultreatment inBritainofablock Queen Square (JohnWood theElder, 1728-36)isthe and asource ofcontinuedrevitalisation andpurpose. throughout itshistory. Theyare Bath’s ‘raisond’etre’, Springs haveplayedinthedynamicsofBath important thanthisisthecentralrole thattheHot cities. Enlightenment intotheplanningandarchitecture of the growing integrationof the themesofFrench amenability andappearanceofthecity. Thisfollowed footpaths andopenspaces,toimprove the done throughout the18th century, intermsofstreets, interaction. AllofthisisillustratedinBath.Muchwas better facilitiesforentertainmentandsocial conditions, higherqualityurbanenvironments and growing expectationsofsociety–improved living and grandeurofsocialfacilities,clearlyillustratethe treatment forordinary houses,andthegrowth insize The developmentofincreasingly grandarchitectural transport revolution. towns wasirrevocably altered, particularlybythe of majorindustrialisation,afterwhichtheplanning were defined.Bathalsocaptures societyonthecusp men tomaketheirfortunesandtherulesofsociety ambitions oftheage,asopportunitygrew forordinary Bath represents theentrepreneurship andsocial is possibletotracethecharacterofGeorgiansociety. Through thesurvivalofsomuchcity’s fabricit to thedevelopmentofsocietyduringthatperiod. The buildingoftheGeorgiancityisintimatelybound continental Europe andScotland. quite unliketheapartmentblocksandtenementsof exemplifies theEnglishterracetradition,whichis buildings suchasLansdownCrescent, Bath be anintegralpartofthelandscape.Through contiguous withthetopographythattheyappearto beautiful terracesinthecountry, itsbuildingsare so Borromini (1599-1667)inRome.Oneofthemost echoes theundulatingarchitecture ofFrancesco continues thethemesofRoyalCrescent, and Picturesque movementinurbanarchitecture. It Lansdown Crescent represents theapogeeof and surprisewhentheyare finallyviewed. sweep ofthebuildings,providing heighteneddrama subtle anglingoftheRoyalCrescent, concealthe connecting theCircus totheRoyalCrescent) andthe countryside. ThesimplestyleofBrock Street (c.1767, applications. should beakeymaterialconsiderationforplanning NPPF, whichstatesthat World HeritageSitestatus through localdevelopment plansasadvisedinthe The protection forSitesas awholeisachieved areas, listedbuildingsandscheduledmonuments. through statutorydesignationssuchasconservation protection formostoftheindividualelementsSites The UKnationalplanningsystemprovides adequate Legal protection cultural properties ensure theconservationofnominated protection andmanagementmechanismsto ii. haveadequatelegaland/ortraditional the authenticityofBath. buildings, townscapeandlandscapethatsupports information abouttheoriginsandalterationsto of historicbuildings,there isalargebodyof Despite thescaleofSite,particularlynumber links withthearchitecture. still anintegralaspectandretains itshistorical,visual good stateofpreservation. Thelandscapesettingis evident throughout thecity, whichisgenerallyina opportunities ofthegeologyandHotSprings,are extreme topographyofthearea, andthe adaptation ofarchitecture andtownplanningtothe workmanship ofbotharchitects andcraftsmen,the The materialsusedtocreate thisSite,the 21st century. character from itsearliestoriginsrightthrough tothe and itispossibletoobserveevidenceofthecity’s buildings andstreets, parksandgardens thatsurvive The evolutionofBathisexceptionallyclearinthe material, workmanshiporsetting i. meetthetestofauthenticityindesign, Meeting thefurthertests

61 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 62 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 the site elements of selected key Inventory of Appendix 4

houses. the baths,templeandassociatedhighstatustown the core settlementarea appearstobedominatedby industrial one.There isnoclear marketsitefoundand administrative centre noryet acommercial and ambiguous. Itisnotreadily identifiableasan within theregion between the 1stand4thcenturyis because thenature ofRomanBathanditsstatus settlement ofAquaeSulisischallenging,notleast Characterising thearchaeology oftheRoman Existing Remains to buildtheGeorgianCity. Allen’s mine,where muchofthestonewasquarried archaeological recording, which explored Ralph accompanied byadetailedprogramme of stabilisation oftheCombeDownstonemineswas city’s Georgianlandscapeandbuiltheritage.The Gardens, whichare vitaltothemanagementof Conservation Areas andRegistered Parksand also containsdetailsoftheCity’s ListedBuildings, In additiontothearchaeological records, theHER within alluvialdepositsontheRiverAvon floodplane. occupation intheformofflinttoolscattersfound Mesolithic (MiddleStoneAge)hunter-gatherer redevelopment haverevealed evidenceofsignificant excavations carriedoutduringtheSouthgateCentre Sacred Spring.However, largescalearchaeological Allotments andSionHillthetimberliningof Iron AgeoccupationsitesatLowerCommon was untilrecently confinedtoafewstrayfinds,two other non-domesticstructures. Theprehistoric period monuments suchaschapels,industrialbuildingsand result ofarecent studytorecord post-medieval century AD.Thehighnumberoflaterentriesisthe Of therest, overhalfrelate totheperiod1st4th 700 relateperiods. tothepost-medievalandmodern archaeological records forthecityofBathwhich Environment Record (HER)containsover1200 The Bath&NorthEastSomersetHistoric Archaeology: HistoricEnvironment Record bottoms ofmedievalrubbishpitsthatsurvive. be betterintheselocations.Generallyitisonlythe extend asdeepothersandmedievalsurvivalmay that someatleastofthe18thand19thvaultsdo not of ClarksshoeshopinUnionStreet alsoindicated early postmedievalstructures. Work inthebasement suburb, maycontainremains ofearliermedievaland the centre andalongBroad Street, amedieval some ofthe18thand19thcenturytownhouses in work onexistingbuildingsindicatesthatatleast very littleappearstosurvive.Havingsaidthat,recent sections ofcitywallandthepresent street pattern, Saxon monasteryandapartfrom theeastgate,two has leftlittlevisiblereminder ofthedominance rebuilding oftheAbbeychurch inthe16thcentury during thelate18thandearly19thcenturies.The truncated bymore recent developmentparticularly challenging assomuchofithasbeenseverely In manywaysthemedievalarchaeology isevenmore this earlyperiod.Survivalis,however, verypatchy. enigmatic materialthatmaywellprovide thekeyto date abovesubstantialRomandepositsanditisthis revealed wellpreserved ‘blackearth’ofpost-Roman basement ofBellot’s HospitalonBeauStreet evidence issparse.Recentinvestigationsinthe regionally veryimportantinSaxonEngland,material the traditionalendofRomanperiodandbecame Whilst settlementatBathclearlycontinuedbeyond possibility ofafortatBathwick. present ClevelandBridgefurtherstrengthening the river crossing appearstohavebeenaround the which appeartoby-passthecore area. Theoriginal burials indicatethelocationsofmainroads, manyof and around Bath,Romancemeteriesandindividual of amilitaryfortinthislocation.Inmanylocations Circumstantial evidencealsopointstotheexistence presence ofanumbersubstantialbuildings. over thepasttwohundred yearsindicatethe on thegravelterraceofBathwickwhere discoveries and industrialarea. Athird focusliesacross theriver settlement foci,thelatterbeingmore ofacommercial however, suggeststhatthere were infacttwodistinct Street andLondonRoadnorthofthecitywalls, Discoveries ofcomplexurbandepositsalongWalcot impact ofindustrialisation. class housingofthe18thand19thcenturies; the evidence forRomanwharves;thenature ofworking medieval periods;evidenceforaRomanfort; location ofmajorrouteways intheRomanand nature andoriginsofthemedievalsuburbs; exact boundariesofthemedievalabbey;extent, the nature andextentoftheearlymonasticsite; with laterpost-RomanandearlySaxonsettlements; complex andtherest oftheRomansettlement,and Bath; therelationship betweenthetempleandbaths Bath, someofwhichare: thenature ofpre-Roman There are manymajorresearch questionsrelating to Research Questions weapons forasignificantperiodoftime. been afocusfortheritualdepositionoftoolsand river valleydepositsclosetotheHotSpringswillhave as yetunrealised potential.Itishighlylikelythatthese terraces oftheRiverAvon presents asignificantbut For theprehistoric period,thealluviatedgravel though potentiallyhigh,dependingontheconditions. of themedievalremains, however, islessclear as scheduledancientmonuments.Thesignificance and Romanurbanarea benefitfrom beingdesignated significant, indeedmajorareas ofthecore medieval deposits havebeenclassifiedaspotentiallynationally For theRomanperiodmajorityofarchaeological overlooked byarchaeology. lives oftheworkingpopulationBath,previously substantial contributiontoanunderstandingofthe demolished inthe1960’s, hasalsomadea back-to-back housesoff theLowerBristolRoad, Recent investigationsofanearly19thcenturyrow of evidence fororiginalgarden layoutsandstables. Crescent andatCircus Mewshasproduced excellent Later archaeology surviveswellandworkat4,Royal Pump Rooms, the Concert Hall (now the main visitor Pump Rooms,theConcert Hall(nowthemainvisitor museum ofantiquity. The1897extensiontothe brought aboutanewdimensiontothecity–thatof of theGreat Bath,Romanreservoir andWest Baths 1790s, andinthe19thcentury themajordiscoveries made duringthebuildingofPumpRoomin Pump Roomnowstands.Furtherdiscoverieswere statue ofSulisMinervaherself,neartowhere the the highlyimportantfindin1727ofhead made throughout the18th century, beginningwith since collapsedandbeenburied.Discoverieswere time, astheRomanbuildingscoveringithadlong existence oftheGreat Bath wasnotknownatthis bath (Queen’s Bath)tothesouthofSpring. The 16th centurywhenthecitycorporationbuiltanew curative bathovertheKing’s Springreservoir, andthe including the12thcenturywhenJohnofTours builta The bathshavebeenmodifiedonseveraloccasions, improving health. understanding ofthepotentialwatersfor were apartofthecomplex,indicatingearly rooms; andasmallerwarmpool.Curativerooms plunge andimmersionbaths;cold,warmhot two suitesofrooms (EastandWest Baths)with included: thecentralswimmingpool,Great Bath; onto thereligious site.Attheirheightthebaths Gradually thecomplexgrew andbathswere added the templeandaltar, foundinsitu. of thisprecinct, includingthepedimentandstepsof was asacrificialaltar. Many remains havebeenfound monumental buildings.Inthemiddleofthisprecinct building andstoodinalargeprecinct withother thrown intothewater. Thetemplewasaclassical thousands ofyears,withofferings totheGodsbeing much astheSpringshadbeenusedforseveral Bath Stone.Thisreservoir wasusedforworship, contained inalead-linedreservoir, probably builtof was constructedin65-75ADandthespring combination ofRomanandBritishgoddesses.This the King’s SpringdedicatedtoSulisMinerva,a Before anybathswere built,atemplewaserected by museum, thePumpRoomandConcertHall. includes theRomantempleandbathcomplex over 7000yearsagointheMesolithicperiod.It This isafascinatingsitewithhistorythatbegan Roman BathsandPumpRoom Other elements importance. Ithasbeen at thecentre ofBathsocial Room hasbotharchitectural andhistorical amenity forlocalresidents andvisitors.ThePump education andresearch, aswell asbeingapopular north oftheAlps.Theyhave hugepotentialfor remains inBritain,andsome ofthebestSparemains Hadrian’s Wall, tobethefinestarchitectural Roman The Romanremains are considered, alongwith all thatGeorgianBathwasabout. throughout thecity. Socially, itstandsatthecentre of of thephysicalandsocialimprovements takingplace Georgian socialambitions,andstandsasareflection The PumpRoomisoneofthemainexpressions of between theAbbeyChurch andBathStreet area. Church Yard andcreates anatmosphericlink colonnades, dominatestheapproach totheAbbey drink thespawaters.Thebuilding,withitstwo who comeeachyeartoeatintherestaurant and nevertheless appreciated bythethousandsofvisitors Baldwin’s GuildhallBanquetingHall,butitis be asricheitherWood’s AssemblyRoomsor The interior, attributedtoPalmer, isnotconsidered to it wasJohnPalmerwhofinishedthescheme(1799). The mainblockwasstartedin1789byBaldwin,but the Bathsbehindit. colonnade isnowslightlylostwiththealterationsto Baldwin. Theoriginalimpactofthissouthern north colonnadeinitsfacade,alsodesignedby were builtin1788-89(Queen’s Baths)mirroring the Baldwin addedthenorthcolonnade.TheNewBaths the watersandsocialise,in1784Thomas extended tocaterforthecrowds whocametodrink musical entertainment.In1751thebuildingwas pump, supplyingthespawaters,andprovision for simpler, singlestorey, stonebuilding.There wasthe The firstPumpRoom,builtin1706,wasamuch drinking ofthespawaters. of socialinteractionandentertainmentthe present dayithasbeenusedforitsintendedpurpose waters, andfrom thetimeofitsconstructionto place inBritainwhere itispossibletodrinkhotspring architecturally andconceptually. Itremains theonly The PumpRoomisaveryspecialbuilding,both Bath’s Romanpast. interpretationhistory themselvesastheVictorian of the public,andtheynowrepresent achapterof entrance) andTerrace, displayedthediscoveriesto Church CouncilofStPeterandPaul. and thePumpRoom.It is ownedbytheParochial Church Yard, 13&14CheapStreet, 3StallStreet forms agroup with6to14(consecutive)Abbey The AbbeyChurch isaGradeIlistedbuildingand both localworshipandtouristvisits. most famousimagesofBathandisafocalpoint for finished inthe19thcenturychurch isoneofthe grandest parishchurches in thecountry. Finally unfinished condition,andisnowpossiblyoneof the building survivedtheReformation,thoughinan Norman cathedralwhichfellintodisrepair. The The AbbeyChurch wasbuilt toreplace thegreat aisle. survives isnowdisplayedintwowindowsthenorth 1942 andallthe17thcenturyheraldicglassthat timber. Thechurch wasdamagedintheairraids of 1650 –1872.Before this,thenavewasroofed in the stonevaultednave,wasconstructedbetween choir. Oneofthemostnotablearchitectural features, up onwhatisnowtheeastwallofsouthaisle there are mutilatedremains and aNormanarch high the crossing. Littleoftheearlierchurch survives,but to thewestarch thatsupportedtheNormantowerat church whichpreceded it.Theeastendcorresponds occupies nomore thanthenavearea oftheNorman The church, begunin1499,iscruciformplanand Perpendicular stylebothwithinandwithout. Nonetheless, itremains remarkably truetoits buttresses erected onbothsidesofthenave. pinnacles addedtotheturrets andthehollowflying including thepolygonalturrets ofthetower, the owes agreat dealto19thcenturyrestoration, itsappearance complex andPumpRoom.Externally The church occupiesakeysiteadjacenttotheBaths Abbey Church Services. Council andare operatedbytheCouncil’s Heritage They are ownedbyBath&NorthEastSomerset Roman Bathsare aScheduledAncientMonument. Street, 3StallStreet, andtheAbbeyChurch. The (consecutive) AbbeyChurch Yard, 13&14Cheap is GradeIlisted,andformsagroup with6to14 The PumpRoom(withouttheConcertHallextension) for itsoriginalfunctions. activity fornearlythree hundred yearsandisstillused

63 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 64 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 Hospital. Grade IandII.Theyare ownedbySt.John’s The buildingsthatmakeupChapelCourtare amixof in thecity. examples ofJohnWood theElder’s useofclassicism hospital –andforcontainingsomeofthefirst significant elementofBath’s history–themedieval The complexofChapelCourtisimportant,bothasa Wood’s taste. reworking ofamedievalbuildingand,again,notto demolished). ChapelCourtHousewasanother Chandos HouseandBuildings(now several lodginghousesfortheDuke,including hospital. Wood wasalsocommissionedtobuild classical front overlookingthecourtyard ofthe previously wouldhavebeenrendered, andashlar stone rear elevationfacingBathStreet, which John Wood Housewastheresult, withitsrubble- for largescaledevelopmentswithwideopenspaces. lower floor, anarrangementthatdidnotsuithistaste redevelop theupperstorey withoutdemolishingthe private lodgingsabove.Wood wasaskedto The mainhospitalrangehadalmshousesbelowand John Wood settowork. several oftheleasesinandaround thehospitaland an opportunitytomakesomemoney, heacquired and hadnotfoundthelodgingstohisliking.Seeing stayed nearStJohn’s whenhevisitedBathin1726 Wood theEldertoredevelop thesite.Chandoshad the DukeofChandosengagedarchitect John is nowvisibledatesfrom theearly18thcentury, when site hasevolvedovermanycenturies.Muchofwhat St John’s Hospitalisanancientfoundationandits Chapel Court directly related tothedomestic buildingsaround it. of individualhousesand created anurbanspacethat application ofasinglemonumental facadetoagroup considered tobethemost successfulearly Queen Square isahighlyimportant development.Itis since beenrebuilt. 1942. Halfofitwascompletelydestroyed, andhas side washeavilydamagedinthebombingraids of create onelongfacade,in a different style.Thesouth to 1830 whenhein-filledthetwoflankingbuildings west sidewasaltered byJohn PinchtheYounger in some windowproportions havebeenaltered. The The mainnorthfacadeislargelyuntouched,though the PrinceofWales. erected inthecentre ontheoccasionofvisit and laidoutasaformalgarden. Anobeliskwas area wasenclosedbyalowbalustrade(nowrailings) though withouttheformalpromenade. Thecentral The southsidewasbuiltmuchasWood intended, was flankedbytwobuildingsofhouseseach. with amansionfacadeandenclosedforecourt, and The westsidewasbuiltfurtherbackfrom thesquare, complementary wing,istherefore somewhatsimpler. execution. Theeastside,whichwasintendedasa individual, domestichousesandisimpressive inits Britain ofasinglemonumentalfacadeonrow of not. Thenorthsidewasthefirstsuccessfulusein Wood’s originalpalaceforecourt plan,thewest was and whiletheeastnorthsideswere builtto During thecourseofbuilding,planswere altered completed in1736. Building startedin1728ontheeastsideandwas arrangement, withabroad promenade fronting it. separate building,from whichtoviewthepalace garden between.Thesouthsidewastobea with themainfacadeonnorth,andaformal be builtgivingtheimpression ofapalaceforecourt, Square wasgrand:three sidesofthesquare were to working tohisdesigns.TheschemeforQueen sub-letbyWood each plotinturn tolocalbuilders, The landwasleasedtoWood byRobertGay, with his architectural talentsandinnovativetownplanning. Elder’s highambitionsforremodelling Bath,revealing Queen Square isaprimeexampleofJohnWood the Queen Square National Trust. (including PalladianBridge)are ownedbythe Park CollegeandthePriorLandscapeGardens Parks &Gardens. Themansion isownedbyPrior Grade IontheEnglishHeritageRegisterofHistoric Palladian Bridge,andthegardens are registered Prior ParkisaGradeIlistedbuilding,asthe stone. principal elementofthestoryRalphAllenand Bath scale andtopographyofBath.Themansionisalsoa demonstrates theapplicationofPalladianismto It isoneofJohnWood’s earliestworks,and Prior Parkisalessoninbotharchitecture andhistory. two lakes. wasbuiltin1756asadamforthe the oneatWilton, natural topography. ThePalladianBridge,acopyof Capability Brown, andtheytakeadvantageofthe advice firstfrom AlexanderPopeandlaterfrom skyline. Thegrounds were landscapedbyAllen,with building andparkisaprominent feature oftheBath view, withnaturalterracesslopinggentlyaway. The city gavethebuildingadvantageofatremendous stone mines,attheheadofacombeoverlooking The situationofthemansionhouse,closetoAllen’s altering theeastwing. is saidtohaveruinedWood’s classicalsymmetryby Allen’s clerkofworks,Richard Jones,tookoverand with Allenin1748andwasremoved from theproject. wing, pavilionandmansionhousebefore heargued Wood assimpleclassicism.Wood hadbuiltthewest design wasgrandandextensive,butdescribedby as anadvertisementforthelocalBathstone.The Wood theElderforRalphAllenin1733-50,famously The mansionofPriorParkwasdesignedbyJohn Prior Park business premises. They are individuallyowned,andare mostlyusedas The buildingsofQueenSquare are GradeIlisted. undeveloped landoutsidethecitywalls. Georgian buildingsinBath,onpreviously early construction,atatimewhenthere were few The impactofQueenSquare washeightenedbyits business premises. ownership andare usedashomes,hotelsand Grade I,II*andII.Thebuildings are inmixed and NorthParadewallbalustrade,are amixof Street andPierrepont Street, NorthParadeBridge The buildingsofNorthandSouthParade,withDuke construction. alterations thathavetakenplacesincetheir special andunusualbuildingsdespitethefabric architectural ambitionsfor Bath, theParadesare very As physicalmanifestationsofJohnWood’s huge town planning. but servestoillustrateagaintheambitionofWood’s fronts. Thegrandioseschemewasnevercompleted, with alterationstowindowsandtheinsertionofshop this hascontinuedintothe19thand20thcentury proportions, particularlytotheraisedterraces,and in constructionwhensometenantsbegantochange constructed. AlterationstotheParadesbeganeven sidewere and sothebuildingsoneastern never The schemefortheRoyalForumwasabandoned breaking theuniformityofstreet facade. constructed togiveaccessOrchard Street without Portico, onthewestsideofPierrepont Street was Streets, withfacingblocksofhouses.StJames’ elevations. Eastandwestwere Pierrepont andDuke a freehandlayoutandrear withtheinternal undertook tocomplywiththosedesigns,whilstgiven designed thefacadesandeachindividualbuilder Royal Forum,startedin1743.Asusual,Wood constructed, withSouthParade,overlookingthe The Grand,orNorth,Paradewasthefirsttobe visual elementofthesite. Avon, itneverseemstohavebeenintendedasa the siteisbordered ontheeastsidebyRiver place before buildingcouldbeginin1740.Though boggy andalargedrainagesystemhadtobein area chosen,AbbeyOrchard, wasnaturallyvery similar tothepalacefacadeofQueenSquare. The overlooking theRoyalForumandbuiltinagrandstyle parades ofbuildings,eachwithlargeterraces focus forthecity. Theopenarea wouldbelinedby Bath wasaRoyalForum,toprovide anewsocial Part ofJohnWood theElder’s overallschemefor North ParadeandSouth private homes. and isinmixedownership. Thebuildingsare mostly spaces withinthecity. TheCircus isGradeIlisted space andtheimportance ofproviding outdoorsocial ideas ontherelationship betweenpublicandprivate Wood’s designsforBath andreflects directly his architecture andtownplanning.Itwascentralto The Circus holdsaunique place inbothBritish retention ofthegarden space. in order tomaintainsome harmony ofdesignandthe elevations ofthehousewere notpermittedtostretch, Wood specifiedthedistance beyondwhichthe rear garden behind,asapartof Wood’s overalldesign. never erected. Eachhousewasgivenawalled intended tocontainastatueofKingGeorgethatwas The centralarea wasoriginallypavedandleftopen, requirements. allowed tocatertheirclient’s personal where, intheusualpractice,eachbuilderwas accentuated bythedisparityofrear elevations ancient times).Theunityofthefacadesis Bladud andthepigsdiscoveringHotSpringsin (linkingtheCircus acorns tothelegendofPrince orders are used,andcrowned by aparapetforstone a uniformfrontage height.Three different classical varying insize,butallhavethree principalstoreys and The segmentscontaindifferent numbersofbuildings, form oftheCircus untilarrivalatthetopofhill. was designedsothatnothingrevealed ofthe buildings surrounding it.Theapproach upGayStreet creating anenclosedspacethatrelates onlytothe other thanthebuildingsofCircus, thereby entrance roads, noneofwhichgivevistasanything buildings around anopenarea. There are three The Circus consistsofthree equalsegmentsof son, alsonamedJohnWood. laid in1754,andtheCircus wascompletedbyhis dimensions. Wood diedsoonafterthefirststonewas by theformofStonehenge,asthere are similaritiesin many years.Wood mayhavebeendirectly influenced Circus, whichhavebeenthefocusfordiscussion appears tobemuchsymbolisminthedetailsof and nativeBritisharchitecture andbeliefs.There the dramaoffacades,withhisinterests inRoman planning, understandingofclassicalarchitecture and Wood theElder’s work,combininghistalentfortown Many believethattheCircus isthepinnacleofJohn Circus private homes. are inmixedownershipand are mostlyusedas The RoyalCrescent isGrade Ilisted.Thebuildings is equaltoanycompositioninEurope. Britain ofthePicturesque tourbanarchitecture, and scale.Itmarkstheintroduction and international in influenced architecture bothinBathandonanational reputation forsolong.TheRoyalCrescent directly impact onarchitecture orheldsuchaniconic There are fewothercrescents that havehadsuch is ofcrucialimportanceforitssettingandviews. the RoyalCrescent, Park, nowpartofRoyalVictoria retention ofgreen openspaceinfront ofthelawn the remaining interiorsare largelyoriginal.The were guttedduringthebombingraidsof1942,but has changed.Two ofthehouses,numbers2and17, windows havebeenaltered. Butotherthanthis,little As withsomanyoftheGeorgianbuildings,sash started in1767,withthelastcompleted1775. end,was first house,number1ontheeastern plan butformauniform,semiellipticalfacade.The for itselegance.Thethirtyhousesdiffer insizeand severe initsrestraint, relying onscaleandproportions In contrasttotheCircus, theRoyalCrescent is any ofJohnWood theElder’s plans. the citytoruralhillsbeyond,combinematch buildings, thehugefront lawnandtheviewsacross The situationoftheCrescent, theformalityof Crescent isonlyapparent astheendisapproached. subdued architecturally, andthemagnificenceof The approach alongBrock Street isdeliberately Elder’s death,theideaforRoyalCrescent maybehis. construction beganthirteenyearsafterWood the pieces ofGeorgianarchitecture. However, whilst Younger contrivedoneofthemostoutstanding In thegreat traditionofhisfather, JohnWood the Royal Crescent on theeastfront. TheRoomsare stillusedtodayfor of anothercard room, alarge rectangular apartment building inBath.Anearly alterationwastheaddition the interiorsovershadowed everyotherpublic became thefocusforsocial life.Themagnificenceof octagonal Card Roomand Tea Room,andquickly The RoomsoriginallycontainedaBallroom, opened in1771. tontine subscription.Theywere begunin1769and designed byJohnWood the Younger andpaidforby between BennettStreet and Alfred Street, were this area. TheNeworUpper AssemblyRooms, need grew foradditionalassembly rooms toserve growth oftheuppertownasaresidential area, a throughout thecentury, butbythe1760s,with Harrison’s Walks. Theywere extensivelyremodelled Thomas Harrison,situatedonTerrace Walk by The firstassembly rooms were builtin1708by Assembly Rooms lease. Theindividualunitsare usedformixedretail. & NorthEastSomersetandletoutonalong-term Pulteney BridgeisGradeIlisted.ItownedbyBath development ofBathwickasaresidential area. spatial needsoftheexpandingtown,requiring the the grandeurof18thcenturyBathsocietyand Canaletto in1743/4.Historically, thebridgerepresents Bridge across theGrandCanalinVenice, depicted by proposed designbyAndrea PalladiofortheRialto classical Palladianisminthisform.Itresembles a Architecturally thebridgeisarare exampleof overhanging projections removed. visually accessible,hasbeenrestored andthe different totheoriginalplans.Thesouthside,more been muchaltered, andonthenorthsideare quite due tosubsidence.Thebuildings,however, have much asbuilt,withsomealterationsmadein1804 his grandscheme.Thestructure ofthebridgeisvery were rejected andthebridgeissolesurvivorof development fortheBathwickestate,buthisplans Originally thebridgewaspartofAdam’s extensive of Bath. Bathwick, PulteneyBridgeisanotherenduringimage Pulteney toallowdevelopmentacross theriverin Built byRobertAdamin1769-74forSirWilliam Pulteney Bridge original. Thearchway between20Lansdown ironwork isparticularlyfineonthesebuildingsand is crescent andconvexsteppedupflankingwings. The contours andslopesofthe hill,withaconcavecentral The classicaldesignskilfully incorporatesboththe Bath’s architectural history. to afullappreciation ofthis importantepisodein protected from development,recognised ascentral hill infront oftheCrescent. Thisrough pasture fieldis context issecured bytherural fieldslopingdownthe view ofthesurrounding hills andtheirimmediaterural level. Thehighsettinggivesthehousesapanoramic Royal Crescent anditslandscape settingtoanother landscape. Palmer’s designstooktheexampleof slopes ofLansdownHillsitcomfortablyinthe city, thesinuouslinesofbuildingsfollowing Situated inoneofthemoststrikingpositions builders involvedwithitwere ruinedthatyear. financial crashof1793.Severalthespeculating is oneofthelastcrescents tobebuiltbefore the Spackman, awealthycoachbuilderanddeveloper. It was designedbyJohnPalmerforCharles Built between1789and1793,LansdownCrescent Lansdown Crescent Museum whichislocatedinthebasement. Rooms tothepublicandoperateFashion Bath &NorthEastSomersetCouncil,whoopenthe owned bytheNationalTrust andletonaleaseto The AssemblyRoomsare GradeIlisted.Theyare original. finest interiorsinthecity, thoughsadlynolonger 18th century. Architecturally, theyhaveoneofthe aspirations andstatusofthetownthroughout the society andare aphysicalreminder ofthegrowing The AssemblyRoomswere centraltoGeorgian stonework intheTea Room. fire damageisstillvisibleinthecolourof 1963 andthebuildingwasreopened. Theextensive buildings in1931.Restorationwascompleted refurbished bytheNationalTrust whoacquired the in 1942andconsequentlygutted,havingjustbeen The AssemblyRoomswere hitbyincendiarybombs 18th centuryexamplesoftheirkindintheworld. chandeliers are acknowledgedasthefinestin-situ their originalfunctionofpublicentertainments.The

65 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 66 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 The Holburne of Menstrie Museum (now the ofMenstrieMuseum(nowthe The Holburne to theTrustees Holburne’s ofSirWilliam artcollection. College from 1853-1880)andasmallarea ofgardens the Tavern building(usedbytheBathProprietary when BathCityCouncil bought thewholesite,selling transfer tomunicipalparkwascompletedby1912 reflecting thechangingtastes ofthepublic.The with bandstand,croquet, archery andlawntennis, purposes, andinthe1860sgardens were laidout Further encroachments took placeforbuilding waning. altered andthepopularity of thegardens wasalready their connectingpaths.Bythistime,Bathsociety had gardensisolating alargesectionofthenorthern from gardens, destroying thelabyrinth,perimeterwalkand Western Railwaycutthrough thecentre ofthe The railwaywasanothermatter. In1840,theGreat wrought iron bridgesbecominganotherattraction. gardens butratherenhancedit,withthetwobeautiful east end,didnotdiminishthepopularityof and Avon canalin1800-1,cuttingthegardens atthe encounters oftheperiod.ThearrivalKennet gardens were thesceneofsomebestsocial fresco dining,lawns,groves, andwaterfeatures, the Laid outwithwindingpaths,pavilionsforprivateal fashion forpolitesocietyentertainmentvenues. Vauxhall Gardens inLondon,thentheheightof profit makingenterprisebuilttorivalthe reputation of before thehotelconstructionwasstarted,were a at theedgeofGeorgianBath.Thegardens, opened estate, SydneyGardens are nowsomewhatstranded House), asafocalpointforBaldwin’s Bathwick conjunction withtheTavern (knownasSydney end ofitshighpopularity. Originallydesignedin represent afocusforthesocietyofBathtowards the These pleasure grounds were openedin1795,and Sydney Gardens private homes. The buildingsare inmixedownershipandare mostly architecture. LansdownCrescent isGradeIlisted. design andtheterracecrescent inBritish This developmentrepresents theheightoflandscape damage duringthebombingraids. have suffered littlealterationandonlysomesmall Beckford tohousehislibrary.William Thebuildings Crescent and1LansdownPlaceWest wasbuiltby park byBath&NorthEastSomersetCouncil. Gardens. Theyare ownedandoperatedasapublic English HeritageRegisterofHistoricParks& Sydney Gardens are registered GradeIIonthe century. story ofGeorgianBathtowards theendof18th sociability oftheGeorgians.Itisanintegralpart to thedevelopmentofpublicentertainmentsand The historicalimportanceofSydneyGardens relates funded project isunderdiscussion. twenty yearslateramore comprehensive lottery park andrestore someoftheoriginallayoutand remove developmentswithinthe someofthemodern Bath CityCouncilbeganarestoration programme to MuseumofArt),openedin1916.In1995 Holburne 67 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 68 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 Steering Group Heritage Site of theWorld terms ofreference Membership and Appendix 5

Plan. principles, objectivesand actionsoftheManagement All SteeringGroup membersshouldsupportthe of theWorld HeritageSite. range ofkeybodiesinterested inthefuture well-being Steering Group isintended torepresent thewide fields ofworkwithintheManagementPlan.The The compositionoftheSteeringgroup reflects the keep informedofWorld Heritage matters. the implementationofManagementPlanand Site ManagementPlan.Itwilloverseeprogress on implementation oftheCityBathWorld Heritage The SteeringGroup istheprincipalbodytoguide Terms ofReference (adopted2009) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The membershipincludes: the Site,andothersfrom varioussectorsinthecity. with managementinterests andresponsibilities for representatives oflocalandnationalorganisations non-executive committeeconsistingof The SteeringGroup,a whichfirstmetin2001,is Membership CURO HousingAssociation Avon LocalCouncilsAssociation Bath CharterTrustees Bath Tourism Plus Bath SpaUniversity University ofBath Bath PrimarySchools Bath BusinessDistrict Bath Preservation Trust Bath ChamberofCommerce Bath FederationofResidents’Associations The NationalTrust ICOMOS UK Historic England papers butdonotattend) Department forCulture, MediaandSport(receive Bath &NorthEastSomersetCouncil independent Chair. frequently ifrequired. TheGroup willhavean The Group willmeeteverysixmonths,ormore other groups involvedinimplementation. of communicationbetweentheSteeringGroup and The World HeritageManagerwillprovide thechannel and whichare betterdealtwithinotherfora. discussing mattersbeyondtheremit oftheGroup Plan. Meetingswillnotbeusedasaforumfor on deliveringtheWorld HeritageSiteManagement The businessofSteeringGroup meetingswillfocus • • • • • • • The mainfunctionsoftheSteeringGroup are to: members mustdeclare it. experience. Where aconflictofinterest arises, may beco-optedforparticularskills,knowledgeor represent theirpersonalinterests. Somemembers organisations thathavenominatedthemorto fields ofwork.Theyare notthere tolobbyforthe Members attendmeetingstorepresent particular World Heritageissues Act asaforumfortheexchangeofinformationon Plan Oversee thesix-yearlyreview oftheManagement Maintain opendialoguebetweenmembers Heritage Siteinthecommunity Promote theManagementPlanandWorld Support andadvisetheWHManager implementation Make strategicdecisionsaboutthedirection of their progress annually Agree thethree-year workprogrammes andreview World HeritageManager. Development, theHeadofHeritageServicesand the Regeneration, theDivisionalDirector for Environment, theDivisional Director forCommunity Development, theMemberChampionforHistoric These includetheCabinetMemberforSustainable number ofrepresentatives ontheSteeringGroup. Given therangeofresponsibilities theCouncilhasa Heritage EnhancementFund. also themainfinancialsupporterof World although thisisanindependentrole. TheCouncilis appointment oftheSteeringGroup Chairperson, Day. TheCouncilfacilitatestheselectionand as wellaseriesofeventsincludingWorld Heritage Steering Group andfundstheproduction oftheplan Manager, provides thesecretariat fortheWHS the site.Ittherefore employsthefull-timeWHS follows thattheCouncilisnaturalleadsteward for property andawiderangeofotherfunctions,it interpretation, historicrecords, public openspaces, planning, highwaysandtransport,museums Given theresponsibilities oftheCouncilwithregard to Rooms. museums includingtheRomanBathsandAssembly property, muchofithistoric,plusnationallyimportant landowner, owningaround 60%ofcitycentre within theB&NESdistrict.Theauthorityisamajor combined. ThewholeoftheWorld HeritageSitelies non-metropolitan countyanddistrictcouncil unitary authoritywiththepowersandfunctionsofa Bath andNorthEastSomerset(B&NES)Councilisa Bath &NorthEastSomersetCouncil membership: contribution withregard toSteeringGroup statements explainingtheirrole andcontributionwith members were askedtosupplysupporting In preparing thismanagementplan,SteeringGroup Supporting Statements managed andaccessed. ensure thelandscapeisbetter understood,valued, quality. TheBathscape partnership isworkingto and underusedleadingtoadeclineinenvironmental The landscapehasbecomeundervalued,neglected communities withBath’s uniquelandscapesetting. Bathscape aimstoreconnect peopleand Bathscape LandscapePartnershipScheme. Lottery Fundtoobtaingrantfundingforthe organisations collaboratinginabidtotheHeritage Chair ofBathscape,aproject board ofpartner and developgoodpractice. raise awareness through research, projects orevents ICOMOS-UK/IUCN-UK LandscapeWorking Group; the European LandscapeConventionwiththe cultural landscapes;promote theimplementationof development proposals orguidancerelating to members meetregularly to:review andcommenton landscape dimensionofWorld HeritageSites.Its Committee takesaparticularinterest inthecultural Landscapes andHistoricGardens Committee,this environment. MemberofICOMOS-UKCultural and organisationsinvolvedwiththehistoric have developedakeenawareness ofthekeyissues Trust andChairoftheirConservationCommitteeI Environment AdvisoryGroup. Director oftheGardens Council andappointedmemberoftheirHistoric Committee IamalsoamemberofNationalTrust Steering Group andChairtheWHSResearch Active memberoftheBathWorld HeritageSite conservation education. conservation research andmulti-disciplinary landscape andculturalhistorianIspecialisein Higher EducationAcademy. Writer, architectural, the UniversityofWestminster andFellowofthe ProfessorStudies attheUniversityofBath,Visiting at isaSeniorLecturerDr MarionHarney andDirector of University ofBath and itssurroundings. sustained improvements to theconditionofcity heritage regeneration, constructive conservationand Core StrategyandPlacemaking Plan,guidesfurther the ManagementPlancomplementsB&NES management oftheWHS.We willhelpensure that provides asoundframework forthepositive and deliveryofanambitiousManagementPlanthat work withtheSteeringGroup, inthedevelopment As aconsequencewelookforward tocontinuing to play. a meaningfulManagementPlanhasanimportantrole including worldheritage,HistoricEnglandrecognises Government’s adviserforthehistoricenvironment, ensure effective planningandmanagement.Asthe requires acommitmentfrom all keypartnersto reputation touristdestination, asaninternational Sustaining Bath’s OutstandingUniversalValue and of theBathWHSManagementPlan. advice, andanationalperspective,tothepreparation has welcomedtheopportunitytooffer on-going As amemberofitsSteeringGroup, HistoricEngland Historic England movement throughout theCity. development ofastrong andeffective residents’ fostering communityspiritandencouragingthe developments inBathwhichmayaffect residents, members, communicatinginformationabout 26 ResidentsAssociationsandsixAffiliates exchanging opinionsandmutualhelpbetweenthe amenities oftheCityasaWorld HeritageSiteby seeks toprotect andenhancetheenvironment and a memberoftheWHSSGandonbehalfFoBRAhe the World HeritageSiteSteeringGroup (WHSSG).As Authority andotherrelevant organisationsincluding Bath byrepresenting theirinterests totheLocal promote theinterests oftheresidents oftheCity Residents’ Associations(FoBRA)whichaimsto Nick Tobin oftheFederationBath isVice-Chairman Federation ofBathResidentsAssociations new schoolandcommunityfacilities. Park atFoxhill,whichwillcreate 700newhomes,a as majordevelopmentschemesincludingMulberry Georgian basementsintouseasnewhomes,well includes significantinvestmenttobringdisused and economicbenefitstothelocalcommunity. This programme ofregeneration deliversphysical,social Georgian homesinthecitycentre. Curo’s affordable housinginBath,andownnearly600 of England.Theyare theprincipleprovider of owns andmanages13,000homesacross theWest Curo isanot-for-profit housingassociationwhich Curo

69 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 70 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 provision interpretation current Summary of Appendix 6

Intentionally blank–factualinformationtobeadded. 71 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 72 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 Bibliography Bibliography Selected Appendix 7

and theInventionofBath . London:Profile Books. Autocrat:BeauNash Eglin, J.(2005)TheImaginary Elliott, K.(2004)Bath.London:FrancesLincoln. PublishingLtd. and Reality.Lancaster:Carnegie Davis, G.Bonsall,P. ofBath:Image (2006)AHistory Preservation Trust. 2008:v.Davis, G.(2008)BathHistory 11.Bath:Bath Davis, G.(2007)BathExposed.Bath:SulisPress. 7-26. , 8(1): Development ofaRomantown’.BathHistory Davenport, P. (2000)‘AquaeSulis:TheOriginsand Abbot: DavidandCharles. Curl, J.S.(2002)GeorgianArchitecture.Newton Bath, London:Batsford /EnglishHeritage Cunliffe, B.(1995)EnglishHeritageBookofRoman Sutton Cunliffe, B.(1986)TheCityofBath.Gloucester: Georgian City.London:Viking. Cruikshank, D.&Burton,N.(1990)Lifeinthe Bath: Millstream Books VolumeBuchanan, B.J.etal,(2005)BathHistory X. Show. Stroud: TheHistoryPress Ltd. Brown, D.andSpence,C.(2010)Bath:Cityon Baths. London:ScalaPublicationsLtd. Bird, S.andCunliffe, B.(2006)TheEssentialRoman Haven: Yale UniversityPress. Ayres, J.(1998)BuildingtheGeorgianCity.New Architecture, Archaeology &History available. should ratherbeconsidered asatasterofwhatis attempt tobecomprehensive orhierarchical, but World HeritageSite.Thefollowinglistdoesnot A substantialnumberofsources are relevant tothe the CityofBath.London. Wood, J.(1765)AnEssayTowards aDescriptionof Publishing. Bath: Nutbourne oftheSpa . White, G.(2003)HotBath:TheStory Theatre. Chippenham:CepenParkPublishing. Toogood, M.(2010)Bath’s OldOrchardStreet Gardens, Bath.Bath:Millstream Books. Snaddon, B.(2000)TheLastPromenade:Sydney Bath: UniversityCollegeCardiff Perkins, J.W.. History (1979)BathStone:AQuarry New Haven:Yale UniversityPress. Muthesius, S.(1982)TheEnglishTerraced House. Architect ofObsessionBath:Millstream Books. Mowl, T. &Earnshaw, B.(1988)JohnWood: Architecture ofBath.GeorgeGregory. Mowbray A.Green (1904)TheEighteenthCentury Bath Stroud.Stroud: AlanSuttonPublishingLtd. Morriss, R.andHoverd, K.(1993)TheBuildingsof Publishing. (2009) Miller, F. P., Vandome, A.F. andMcBrewster, J. District. Charleston:BiblioBazaar, LLC. Meehan, J.F. (2010)FamousHousesofBath& Planning inBath’.BathHistory, 8(1):172-194. Lambert, R.(2000)‘PatrickAbercrombie and Architects andArchitecture.Bath:Ashgrove Press. Bath Jackson, N.(1998)NineteenthCentury 1700-1830. Bath:Kingsmead. Ison, W. (1980)TheGeorgianBuildingsofBathfrom Gardens ofAvon. Bristol:Avon Gardens Trust. Harding, S.andLambert,D.eds.(1994)Parks Guides. NewHaven:Yale UniversityPress Forsyth, M.(2003)Bath:PevsnerArchitectural Michael Russell – AndAfter:ARecordIndictment.Salisbury: Fergusson, A.andMowl,T. (1989)TheSackofBath . 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People &Places:SocialInclusionPolicyfortheBuilt Department forCulture, MediaandSport.(2002) Archives forAll. Centres forSocialChange:Museums,Galleriesand Department forCulture, MediaandSport.(2000) Statement. Baths &PumpRoomConservation Bath &NorthEastSomersetCouncil.(2000)Roman . Streetscape History Bath &NorthEastSomersetCouncil.(1998) Spaces inBath. Bath CityCouncil.(1996)RecoveringQualityUrban Historic Environment documents Available from: http://www.bathworldheritage.org.uk/ City ofBathWHSManagementPlan[Online] Bath World Heritage(2014) Mid-Term Updatetothe WHSSettingStudyInformationPaper.pdf Landscape-and-Heritage/ Planning-Policy/Evidence-Base/Urban-Design- sitedocuments/ Planning-and-Building-Control/ http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/sites/default/files/ Heritage SiteSettingStudy[Online]Available from: Bath andNorthEastSomersetCouncil(2009)World RuralLanscapesComplete.pdf Design-Landscape-and-Heritage/ Control/Planning-Policy/Evidence-Base/Urban- default/files/sitedocuments/Planning-and-Building- Available from: http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/sites/ Landscape CharacterAssessmentSPD[Online] Landscapes ofBathandNorthEastSomerset:A Bath andNorthEastSomersetCouncil(2003)Rural PublicRealmandMovementStrategy.pdf Landscape-and-Heritage/ Planning-Policy/Evidence-Base/Urban-Design- sitedocuments/Planning-and-Building-Control/ www.bathnes.gov.uk/sites/default/files/ for PublicLifeinBath[Online]Available from: http:// Realm andMovementStrategy:CreatingtheCanvas Bath andNorthEastSomersetCouncil(2010)Public landscape-and-heri control/planning-policy/evidence-base/urban-design- bathnes.gov.uk/services/ planning-and-building- Chapman [Online]Available from: http://www. 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Use oftheWorld HeritageEmblem. UNESCO. (1998)GuidelinesandPrinciples forthe Protection oftheWorld CulturalandNaturalHeritage . UNESCO. (1972)ConventionConcerningthe Heritage. UNESCO. (2002)BudapestDeclarationonWorld / ICCROMICOMOS. Manual forWorld CulturalHeritage . Rome:UNESCO Stovel, H.(1998)RiskPreparedness:AManagement U.K World HeritageSiteSeminar, York). World HeritageConvention(paperpresented tothe Prott, L.V. (1991)TheGenesisandPhilosophyofthe Authenticity. Paris:UNESCO/ICCROM/ICOMOS. Larsen, K.ed.(1995)NaraConferenceon Landscape. ICOMOS-UK. (2000).TheOxfordDeclarationon Sites MonitoringReports. ICOMOS-UK. (1995)TheEnglishWorld Heritage Boundaries forCandidateWorld HeritageSites. ICOMOS-UK. (2000)GuidelinesfortheDefinitionof Florence Charter). ICOMOS-IFLA. (1982).HistoricGardens(The Significance revised(TheBurraCharter). ofPlacesCultural Charter fortheConservation ICOMOS Australia.(1999)TheAustralia Charter. ICOMOS. (1999)InternationalCulturalTourism Sites. andRestorationofMonuments Conservation ICOMOS. (1966)InternationalCharterforthe (The Washington Charter). ofHistoricTownsICOMOS. (1987)Conservation ICCROM /UNESCOICOMOS Guidelines forWorld CulturalHeritageSites.Rome: Feilden, B.andJokilehto,J.(1998)Management World Heritage

for%20Bath%20%26%20NES_2012-14_FINAL.pdf for%20Bath%20%26%20NES_2012-14_FINAL.pdf dbimgs/ Destination%20Marketing%20Strategy%20 Available from: http://channels.visitbath.co.uk/ Bath andNorthEastSomerset2012-2014[Online] Bath(2012)ADestinationMarketingStrategyfor Visit Nottingham: BritishGeologicalSurvey. (CR/12/055) Hydrocarbon andOtherExplorationProduction. Council andSurroundingAreawithRespectto theBathandNorthEastSomerset Problems Within Smith, N.J.P. andDarling,W. G.(2012)Potential file/6077/2116950.pdf uploads/ system/uploads/attachment_data/ Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/ (2012) Department forCommunitiesandLocalGovernment pdf bath_transport_strategy_-_final_issue_web_version. sites/default/ files/sitedocuments/getting_around_ [Online] Available from: http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/ Getting AroundBath:ATransport StrategyforBath Bath andNorthEastSomersetCouncil(2014) report_141030_low_res_0.pdf gov.uk/sites/ default/files/masterplan_vision_ 2029 [Online]Available from: http://www.bathnes. City RiversideEnterpriseAreaMasterPlan2014- Bath andNorthEastSomersetCouncil(2014) (revised). Implementation oftheWorld HeritageConvention UNESCO. (2002)OperationalGuidelinesforthe Authenticity. UNESCO. (1995)TheNaraDeclarationon [Online] National PlanningPolicyFramework[Online]

73 Management Plan 2016-2022 • Consultation Draft May 2016 Copies of this plan may be downloaded from www.bathworldheritage.org.uk The World Heritage Manager The Pump Room Stall Street Bath BA1 1LZ Tel: 01225 477584