DOCSLIB.ORG

Prediction of Flood/Debris Flow Hydrograph Due to Landslide Dam Failure by Overtopping and Sliding

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prediction of Flood/Debris Flow Hydrograph Due to Landslide Dam Failure by Overtopping and Sliding 京都大学防災研究所年報 第51号 B 平成 20 年 6 月 Annuals of Disas. Prev. Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., No. 51 B, 2008 Prediction of Flood/Debris Flow Hydrograph Due to Landslide Dam Failure by Overtopping and Sliding Ripendra AWAL*, Hajime NAKAGAWA, Kenji KAWAIKE, Yasuyuki BABA and Hao ZHANG * Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Synopsis An integrated model was developed by combining three separate models: (i) model of seepage flow, (ii) model of slope stability and (iii) model of dam surface erosion and flow to predict flood/debris flow hydrograph resulted from failure of landslide dam by overtopping and sudden sliding. The main advantage of an integrated model is that it can detect failure mode due to either overtopping or sliding based on initial and boundary conditions. The proposed model is tested for three different experimental cases of landslide dam failure due to overtopping and sliding, and reasonably reproduced the resulting flood/Debris flow hydrograph. Keywords: landslide dam, slope stability, seepage flow, overtopping flow, flood/debris flow hydrograph 1. Introduction dam near the Mimi-kawa river (Mizuyama, 2006). The catastrophic failure of landslide dam may Earthquakes or heavy rainfall and snow melt occur shortly after its formation. Prediction of may cause landslides and debris flow on the slopes potential peak discharge and resulting hydrograph in the vicinity of river channel. If the sediment mass is necessary for the management of dam-break generated by such landslides are big enough and flood hazards and to decide appropriate mitigation reaches the river may sometimes block a river flow measures including evacuation. The predicted and create a landslide dam naturally. Formation and outflow hydrograph will serve as an upstream failure of landslide dam are one of the significant boundary condition for subsequent flood routing to natural hazards in the mountainous area all over the predict inundation area and hazard in the world. Landslide dams are also common in Japan downstream. Sudden, rapid and uncontrolled because of widespread unstable slopes and narrow release of water impounded in landslide dam has valleys exist in conjunction with frequent been responsible for some major disasters in hydrologic, volcanic and seismic landslide mountainous region. Peak discharge produced by triggering events (Swanson, 1986). Historical such events may be many times greater than the documents and topography have revealed the mean annual maximum instantaneous flood formation of many landslide dams, some of which discharge. broke and caused major damage in Japan (Tabata et Basically, there are two methods to predict al., 2002). The 2004 Chuetsu earthquake resulted in probable peak discharge from potential failure of many landslide dams particularly in the Imo River landslide dam (Walder and O’Connor, 1997). One basin. In 2005, typhoon 14 caused a large landslide method relies on regression equations that relate － 603 － Fig. 1 General flow chart of an integrated model to predict flood/debris flow hydrograph due to landslide dam failure. observed peak discharge of landslide dam failure to based on sediment concentration. some measure of impounded water volume: depth, Most of the existing models are applicable to volume, or some combination thereof (Costa, 1985, overtopping failure of landslide dam. Some model Costa and Schuster 1988, Walder and O’Connor, has limitation to represent downstream batter slopes 1997) and regression equations that relate of greater than 1 in 5 (Davies, 2007). Infiltration experimental peak discharge to some measure of process is neglected in almost all available models. impounded water volume: depth, torrent bed In this context, an attempt has been made to gradient and inflow discharge (Tabat et al., 2001). incorporate integration of three separate models: (i) The other method employs computer model of seepage flow, (ii) model of slope stability implementation of a physically based mathematical and (iii) model of dam surface erosion and flow to model. Several researchers have developed predict the outflow hydrograph resulted from physically based model such as Fread (1991), failure of landslide dam by overtopping and sudden Takahashi and Kuang (1988), Takahashi and sliding. The main advantage of an integrated model Nakagawa (1994), Mizuyama (2006) and Satofuka is that it can predict time at which landslide dam et al. (2007). Although, landslide dam failure is may fail and also detect failure mode due to either frequently studied as an earthen dam failure, very overtopping or sliding based on initial and few models are developed for landslide dam failure boundary conditions. that can treat the flow as both sediment flow and debris flow. If the concentration of sediment is 2. Numerical model above 10%, non-newtonian viscous flow has to be taken into account. During surface erosion of The model of the landslide dam failure to predict landslide dam, sediment concentration increased flood/debris flow hydrograph consists of three more than 10%, so the model to predict the models. The seepage flow model calculates pore flood/debris flow hydrograph due to landslide dam water pressure and moisture content inside the dam failure should be capable to treat all types of flow body. The model of slope stability calculates the － 604 － factor of safety and the geometry of critical slip involves calculating the factor of safety and surface according to pore water pressure, moisture searching for the critical slip surface that has the movement in the dam body and water level in the lowest factor of safety. Many attempts have been upstream reservoir. The model of dam surface conducted to locate the position of critical slip erosion and flow calculates dam surface erosion due surface by using general noncircular slip surface to overflowing water. General outline of proposed theory coupled with different non-linear integrated model is shown in Fig. 1. A brief programming methods. The numerical procedure description of each model is given below. behind the identification of critical noncircular slip surface with the minimum factor of safety based on 2.1 Model of seepage flow dynamic programming and the Janbu’s simplified The seepage flow in the dam body is caused by method is mainly based on research by Yamagami the blocked water stage behind the dam. The and Ueta (1986). The algorithm combines the transient flow in the dam body after formation of Janbu’s simplified method with dynamic landslide dam can be analyzed by Richards’ programming on the basis of Baker’s successful equation. To evaluate the change in pore water procedure. pressure in variably saturated soil, pressure based Janbu’s simplified method can be used to Richards’ equation is used (Awal et al., 2007). calculate the factor of safety for slip surfaces of any shape. The sliding mass is divided into vertical slices and the static equilibrium conditions of each ∂h ∂ ⎛ ∂h ⎞ ∂ ⎛ ⎛ ∂h ⎞⎞ C = ⎜ K x ()h ⎟ + ⎜ K z ()h ⎜ +1⎟⎟ (1) slice are considered as sum of the vertical forces ∂t ∂x ⎝ ∂x ⎠ ∂z ⎝ ⎝ ∂z ⎠⎠ equal to zero and sum of the forces parallel to failure surface equal to zero. For the soil mass as a where h is the water pressure head, K x (h) and K (h) are the hydraulic conductivity in x and z z whole, sum of the vertical forces ∑ Fy = 0 and direction, C is the specific moisture capacity sum of the horizontal forces are (∂θ / ∂h) , θ is the soil volumetric water content, ∑ Fx = 0 t is the time, x is the horizontal spatial coordinate considered as equilibrium condition. and z is the vertical spatial coordinate taken as Based on the above considerations the factor of positive upwards. Eq.(1) represents flow in both safety, Fs for Janbu’s simplified method is defined the unsaturated domain as well as in the saturated as: domain. Line-successive over-relaxation (LSOR) 1 is often a very effective method of treating F = × s n cross-sectional problem grids. LSOR scheme is ∑Wi tanαi used in this study for the numerical solution of i=1 Richards’ equation. ⎧ ⎫ In order to solve Richards’ equation, the n ⎪ ⎪ ⎪cl cosα + ()W − u l cosα tanφ ⎪ ⎨ i i i i i i ⎬ (2) constitutive equations, which relate the pressure ∑ ⎛ 1 ⎞ i=1 ⎪ cos2 α ⎜1+ tanα tanφ ⎟ ⎪ head to the moisture content and the relative ⎪ i ⎜ i ⎟ ⎪ ⎩ ⎝ Fs ⎠ ⎭ hydraulic conductivity, are required. In this study, constitutive relationships proposed by van where W is the weight of each slice including Genuchten (1980) are used for establishing i surface water, l is the length of the base of each relationship of K − h and θ − h , with i slice, u is the average pore water pressure on the m = 1− (1/η). i base of the slice, α is the inclination of the base i to the horizontal, n is the total number of slices, and 2.2 Model of slope stability The evaluation of transient slope stability of c and φ are the Mohr-Coulomb strength landslide dam by the limit equilibrium method parameters. － 605 － The details of transient slope stability analysis dam body satisfy the critical condition for the of landslide dam by using dynamic programming occurrence of a debris flow. and Janbu’s simplified method can be found in The main governing equations are briefly Awal et al. (2007). discussed here. The depth-wise averaged two-dimensional momentum conservation equation 2.3 Model of dam surface erosion and flow for the x -wise (down valley) direction is There are only a few two-dimensional (2D) numerical models for dam-break erosion by ∂M ' ∂(uM ) ' ∂(vM ) + β + β = gh sinθbxo overtopping flow. Takahashi and Nakagawa (1994) ∂t ∂ x ∂ y used 2D model to predict flood/debris flow ∂(h + zb ) τ bx − gh cosθbxo − (3) hydrograph due to natural dam failure caused by ∂ x ρT overtopping. Broich (1998) used 2D model using different numerical schemes for shallow water and for the y -wise (lateral) direction, equations, Exners equation and sediment transport formulae.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Flash Flood in the Himalayas for June 5.Indd
    Information on the Occasion of World Environment Day, June 2007 Flash Floods in the Himalayas The Himalayas are one of the youngest mountain ranges on earth and represent a high energy environment very much prone to natural disasters. High relief, steep slopes, complex geological structures with active tectonic processes and continued seismic activities, and a climate characterised by great seasonality in rainfall, all combine to make natural disasters, especially water-induced hazards, common phenomena. Flash fl oods are among the more devastating types of hazard as they occur rapidly with little Figure 1: a. types of water-related disasters; b. distribution of water related lead time for warning, and transport tremendous disasters by continents; c. different types of fl oods (data source: Jonkman 2005) amounts of water and debris at high velocity (Fig. 1). Flash fl oods affect thousands of people in the Himalayan region every year – their lives, homes, and livelihoods – along with expensive infrastructure Figure 2: Different types of fl ash fl oods in the HKH region There are several different types of fl ash fl ood. The most common include intense rainfall fl oods (IRF); glacial lake outburst fl oods (GLOFs), landslide dam outburst fl oods (LDOF), and fl ash fl oods caused by rapid snowmelt (RSM) and ice (Fig. 2). Failure of dams and other hydraulic structures can also lead to fl ash fl oods. Intense rainfall Intense rainfall is the most common cause of fl ash fl oods in the Himalayan region. These events may last from several minutes to several days. Such events may happen anywhere but are more common to mountain catchments.
    [Show full text]
  • Landslide Dam Lakes and Glacial Lakes
    Chapter 3: Landslide Dam Lakes and Glacial Lakes Chapter 3: Landslide Dam Lakes and Glacial Lakes The triggers of flash floods in the Hindu Kush Himalayas include catastrophic failure of landslide dams that retain landslide dam lakes, and of moraine or ice dams that retain glacial lakes. Flash flooding caused by landslide dam failure is a significant hazard in the region and is particularly common in the high rugged mountain areas of China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan (Zhu and Li 2000). The previous chapter looked at ways of preventing the formation of landslide dams by reducing the prevalence of landslides and debris flows. Another important approach to mitigating flash floods is to reduce the likelihood of dam failure, and/or to put in place warning and avoidance mechanisms to reduce the risk in the case of failure. In order to design appropriate measures, it is important first to understand the formation process, failure mechanism, and risk mitigation techniques for both types of lake. Landslide Dam Lakes Formation Landslide dam lakes can be created as a result of a broad range of mass movements in different geomorphological settings. Dams form most frequently as a result of rock and earth slumps and slides, debris and mudflows, and rock and debris avalanches in areas where narrow river valleys are bordered by steep and rugged mountain slopes (Zhu and Li 2000). A lake then forms behind the dam as a result of the continuous inflow of water from the river (Figure 4). Only a small amount of material is needed to form a dam in a narrow valley, and even a small mass movement can be sufficient.
    [Show full text]
  • Plugs Or Flood-Makers? the Unstable Landslide
    Geomorphology 248 (2015) 237–251 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geomorphology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geomorph Plugs or flood-makers? The unstable landslide dams of eastern Oregon E.B. Safran a,⁎, J.E. O'Connor b,L.L.Elyc, P.K. House d,G.Grante,K.Harrityf,1,K.Croallf,1,E.Jonesf,1 a Environmental Studies Program, Lewis & Clark College, MSC 55, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Road, Portland, OR 97219, USA b U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, 2130 SW 5th Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA c Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA d U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA e U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA f Lewis & Clark College, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Road, Portland, OR 97219, USA article info abstract Article history: Landslides into valley bottoms can affect longitudinal profiles of rivers, thereby influencing landscape evolution Received 25 November 2014 through base-level changes. Large landslides can hinder river incision by temporarily damming rivers, but cata- Received in revised form 26 June 2015 strophic failure of landslide dams may generate large floods that could promote incision. Dam stability therefore Accepted 26 June 2015 strongly modulates the effects of landslide dams and might be expected to vary among geologic settings. Here, Available online 8 July 2015 we investigate the morphometry, stability, and effects on adjacent channel profiles of 17 former and current landslide dams in eastern Oregon.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Study of the Failure Modes and Process of Landslide Dams Due to Upstream Flow
    water Article A Preliminary Study of the Failure Modes and Process of Landslide Dams Due to Upstream Flow Xinghua Zhu 1 , Jianbing Peng 1,*, Cheng Jiang 2 and Weilong Guo 3 1 College of Geological Engineering and Surveying of Chang’an University/Key Laboratory of Western China, Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, Xi’an 710054, China; [email protected] 2 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; [email protected] 3 Shaanxi Institute of Engineering Prospecting Co. Ltd., Xi’an 710068, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-158 9139 1126 Received: 5 May 2019; Accepted: 24 May 2019; Published: 28 May 2019 Abstract: In the process of mineral development, large-scale flash floods (or debris flows) can be induced by the failure of landslide dams formed by the disorganized stacking of mine waste. In this study, the modes and processes of mine waste dam failures were explored using 13 experimental tests based on the field investigation of landslide dams in the Xiaoqinling gold mining area in China. Our 13 mine waste dam experiments exhibited three failure modes: (i) Piping, overtopping, and erosion; (ii) overtopping and soil collapse; and (iii) overtopping and erosion. In addition, the failure processes of the landslide dams included impoundment, seepage, overtopping, and soil erosion. Different experimental conditions would inevitably lead to different failure processes and modes, with the failure modes being primarily determined by the seepage characteristics. Overtopping was the triggering condition for dam failure. The landslide dam failure process was determined based on the particle size of the mine waste and the shape of the dam.
    [Show full text]
  • The Formation and Failure of Natural Dams
    THE FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS By John E. Costa and Robert L. Schuster US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 87-392 Vancouver, Washington 1987 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information Copies of this report can write to: be purchased from: Chief of Research U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports Section Cascades Volcano Observatory Box 25425 5400 MacArthur Blvd. Federal Cfenter Vancouver, Washington 98661 Denver, CO 80225 ii CONTENTS Page Abstract ------------------------------------------------------- 1 Introduction --------------------------------------------------- 2 Landslide dams ------------------------------------------------- 4 Geomorphic settings of landslide dams --------------------- 4 Types of mass movements that form landslide dams ---------- 4 Causes of dam-forming landslides -------------------------- 7 Classification of landslide dams -------------------------- 9 Modes of failure of landslide dams ------------------------ 11 Longevity of landslide dams ------------------------------- 13 Physical measures to improve the stability of lands1ide dams ------------------------------------------ 14 Glacier dams --------------------------------------------------- 16 Geomorphic settings of ice dams --------------------------- 16 Modes of failure of ice dams ------------------------------ 16 Longevity and controls of glacier dams -------------------- 20 Moraine dams ---------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Investigation of the Failure of Cascade Landslide Dams*
    430 2012,24(3):430-441 DOI: 10.1016/S1001-6058(11)60264-3 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE FAILURE OF CASCADE LANDSLIDE DAMS* NIU Zhi-pan, XU Wei-lin, LI Nai-wen, XUE Yang State key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China, E-mail: [email protected] CHEN Hua-yong Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Land Surface Processes and Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China (Received October 27, 2011, Revised April 15, 2012) Abstract: This paper presents results of model tests for the landslide dam failure of a single dam and cascade dams in a sloping channel. The dams were designed to be regular trapezoid with fine sand. A new measuring method named the labeled line locating method was used to digitalize the captured instantaneous pictures. Under two different inflow discharges, the morphological evolution and the flow patterns during one dam failure and the failure of cascade dams were investigated. The results indicate that when the inflow discharge is large, the deformation pattern of the downstream dam is similar to that of the upstream dam, and both dams are characterized with the overtopping scour throughout the dam failure process. When the inflow discharge is small, the upstream dam is scoured mainly through a sluice slot formed by the longitudinal incision, and the downstream dam is characterized with the overtopping scour. The data set presented in this paper can be used for the validation of numerical models and provide a reference for the flood risk management of cascade landslide dams.
    [Show full text]
  • 20 07 Serey Et Al 2020.Pdf
    This is a repository copy of Developing conceptual models for the recognition of coseismic landslides hazard for shallow crustal and megathrust earthquakes in different mountain environments – an example from the Chilean Andes. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/163608/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Serey, A., Sepúlveda, S.A., Murphy, W. et al. (2 more authors) (2020) Developing conceptual models for the recognition of coseismic landslides hazard for shallow crustal and megathrust earthquakes in different mountain environments – an example from the Chilean Andes. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology. ISSN 1470- 9236 https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2020-023 © 2020 The Author(s). PuBlished By The Geological Society of London. This is an author- produced version of a paper suBsequently puBlished in Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology. Uploaded in accordance with the puBlisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected By copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may Be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted By national copyright laws. The puBlisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated By the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to Be in Breach of UK law, please notify us By
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Landslide Dam Failure Caused by Overtopping
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 154 ( 2016 ) 990 – 994 12th International Conference on Hydroinformatics, HIC 2016 Analysis of landslide dam failure caused by overtopping Xuan Khanh Doa, Minseok Kimb, H.P. Thao Nguyenc, Kwansue Jungd* aPh. D Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea bResearcher, International Water Resources Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea cLecturer, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, Thuyloi University, Hanoi, Vietnam dProfessor, Department of Civil Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea Abstract Landslide dam failure is one of the most serious natural hazards worldwide. These days, the adverse impact caused by landslide dam has increased significantly due to the effect of climate change and overpopulation. This study presents the experiment describing the failure by overtopping of landslide dam in 3D shape and also proposes the 2D surface flow erosion/deposition model to simulate the breach, as well as, provide a good prediction of outflow hydrograph. The experimental results indicated both bottom erosion and side bank erosion play important role in the evolution of the landslide dam breach shape. The measured peak discharge was many times greater than the normal supplied discharge. The results obtained from numerical were then compared and showed good matching with those performed by experiment. ©© 2016 2016 The The Authors. Authors. Published Published by Elsevierby Elsevier Ltd. LtdThis. is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (Peerhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/-review under responsibility of the organizing). committee of HIC 2016. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of HIC 2016 Keywords: landslide dam; overtopping; experiment; numerical; outflow hydrograph 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges and Opportunities of International University Partnerships to Support Water Management
    Issue 171 December 2020 2019 1966 Challenges and Opportunities of International University Partnerships to Support Water Management A publication of the Universities Council on Water Resources with support from Southern Illinois University Carbondale JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY WATER RESEARCH & EDUCATION Universities Council on Water Resources 1231 Lincoln Drive, Mail Code 4526 Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901 Telephone: (618) 536-7571 www.ucowr.org CO-EDITORS Karl W. J. Williard Jackie F. Crim Southern Illinois University Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois Carbondale, Illinois [email protected] [email protected] SPECIAL ISSUE EDITORS Laura C. Bowling Katy E. Mazer John E. McCray Professor, Dept. of Agronomy Sustainable Water Management Coordinator Professor Co-Director, Natural Resources & Arequipa Nexus Institute Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept. Environmental Sciences Program Purdue University Hydrologic Science & Engineering Program Purdue University [email protected] Colorado School of Mines [email protected] [email protected] ASSOCIATE EDITORS Kofi Akamani Natalie Carroll Mae Davenport Gurpreet Kaur Policy and Human Dimensions Education Policy and Human Dimensions Agricultural Water and Nutrient Management Southern Illinois University Purdue University University of Minnesota Mississippi State University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Prem B. Parajuli Gurbir Singh Kevin Wagner Engineering and Modeling Agriculture and Watershed Management Water Quality and Watershed
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Large Landslides on River Incision in a Transient Landscape
    The infl uence of large landslides on river incision in a transient landscape: Eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (Sichuan, China) William B. Ouimet† Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA Kelin X. Whipple School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA Leigh H. Royden Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA Zhiming Sun Zhiliang Chen Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China ABSTRACT along a river course, and thus the magnitude common, landslides dominate hillslope erosion of the landslide infl uence, is set by two funda- (Schmidt and Montgomery, 1995; Burbank et Deep landscape dissection by the Dadu mental timescales—the time it takes to erode al., 1996), and large landslides often fi ll river and Yalong rivers on the eastern margin of landslide deposits and erase individual dams valleys, forming landslide dams that inundate the Tibetan plateau has produced high-relief, and the recurrence interval of large landslides upstream channels with water and sediment narrow river gorges and threshold hillslopes that lead to stable dams. Stable, gradually (Costa and Schuster, 1988). The formation and that frequently experience large landslides. eroding landslide dams create mixed bedrock- failure of dams resulting from large mass wast- Large landslides inundate river valleys and alluvial channels with spatial and temporal ing events such as catastrophic landslides, rock- overwhelm channels with large volumes (>105 variations in incision, ultimately slowing long- falls, and rock avalanches are well-documented m3) of coarse material, commonly forming term rates of river incision, thereby reducing and have been studied extensively around the stable landslide dams that trigger extensive the total amount of incision occurring over world (Costa and Schuster, 1991).
    [Show full text]
  • Developing Conceptual Models for the Recognition of Coseismic Landslides
    This is a repository copy of Developing conceptual models for the recognition of coseismic landslides hazard for shallow crustal and megathrust earthquakes in different mountain environments – an example from the Chilean Andes. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/161100/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Serey, A, Sepúlveda, SA, Murphy, W orcid.org/0000-0002-7392-1527 et al. (2 more authors) (2020) Developing conceptual models for the recognition of coseismic landslides hazard for shallow crustal and megathrust earthquakes in different mountain environments – an example from the Chilean Andes. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology. ISSN 1470-9236 https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2020-023 © 2020 The Author(s). PuBlished By The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved. This is an author produced version of an article puBlished in Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology. Uploaded in accordance with the puBlisher's self- archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected By copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may Be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted By national copyright laws. The puBlisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated By the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to Be in Breach of UK law, please notify us By emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request.
    [Show full text]
  • Formation, Breaching and Flood Consequences of a Landslide Dam
    Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1867–1890, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1867-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Formation, breaching and flood consequences of a landslide dam near Bujumbura, Burundi Léonidas Nibigira1, Hans-Balder Havenith1, Pierre Archambeau2, and Benjamin Dewals2 1Geohazards and Environment, Department of Geology, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium 2Hydraulics in Environmental and Civil Engineering (HECE), Research unit Urban & Environmental Engineering, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium Correspondence: Léonidas Nibigira ([email protected]) Received: 18 October 2017 – Discussion started: 23 October 2017 Revised: 31 March 2018 – Accepted: 15 June 2018 – Published: 6 July 2018 Abstract. This paper investigates the possible formation of ily created landslide dam caused 64 casualties. Over 940 a landslide dam on the Kanyosha River near Bujumbura, houses were destroyed and this resulted in over 12 500 home- the capital of Burundi, as well as the interplay between the less people (UNITAR/UNOSAT, 2014; Reliefweb, 2014). breaching of this landslide dam and the flooding along the This indicates that a complete assessment of flood risk should river. We present an end-to-end analysis, ranging from the take into account landslides which may be considered as origin of the landslide up to the computation of flood waves some of the most important natural hazards in the region. induced by the dam breaching. The study includes three main They interact with the hydrographic network by forming nat- steps. First, the mass movement site was investigated with ural dams.
    [Show full text]