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Turmeric Research Article Title: Curcumin Releasing Eggshell Derived Carbonated Apatite Nanocarriers for Combined Anti-Cancer, Anti-Inflammatory and Bone Regenerative Therapy. Date & Journal: J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2019 Nov 1 • Bone cancer or osteosarcoma is an aggressive cancer affecting the long bones and is treated by a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Local drug delivery directly to the site of bone cancer and the use of plant-based drugs has been explored towards improving the efficacy and decreasing the toxicity of the anti- cancer drugs. Curcumin, derived from turmeric is highly effective against cancer cells and shows very low toxicity against normal cells. Bone repair is facilitated by use of bone substitutes such as bioceramics, amongst which the carbonated apatite (CA) nanocarriers closely mimic the natural bone mineral. In the current work, we have developed CA nanocarriers based local delivery of curcumin as an adjunct treatment for bone cancer. CA nanocarriers with 6 wt.% carbonate were prepared by wet chemical synthesis using synthetic derived (6SWCA) and eggshell derived (6EWCA) precursors along with hydroxyapatite (WHA) as a control. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed the CAs to be phase pure with a mean crystallite size of 17 nm. The Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of both CAs indicated the carbonate substitution as B-Type. The amount of carbonate substitution was observed to be around 6 wt.% using FTIR and CHNO elemental analyzer. The 6EWCA showed a greater loading (36%) and release (66%) of curcumin than 6SWCA and WHA nanocarriers. The bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein denaturation assay showed the curcumin loaded CAs to be highly anti- inflammatory while their anti-cancer activity was confirmed by the high cytotoxic activity against MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells. Conclusively, an eggshell derived apatite drug delivery system was found to be very suitable to cure osteosarcoma, prevent post-cancer inflammation and modulate bone repair and regeneration. Article Title: Curcumin: New Insights into an Ancient Ingredient against Cancer. Date & Journal: Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Apr 12 • Cancer patients frequently use complementary medicine. Curcumin (CUR) and its derivates (from the extract of Curcuma longa L.) represent some of the most frequently used ones, having a long history in traditional Asian medicine. CUR was demonstrated, both in vitro and in vivo, to have significant anti- inflammatory effects, thus potentially counteracting cancer-promoting inflammation, which is a hallmark of cancer. CUR modulate a plethora of signaling pathways in cancer cells, comprising the NF-κB (nuclear factor k- light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), the JAK/STAT (Janus-Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription), and the TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) pathways. Furthermore, CUR confers properties of electron receptors, which destabilize radical oxygen species (ROS), explaining its antioxidant and anti-apopototic effects. Although CUR has a low bioavailability, its role in advanced cancer treatment and supportive care was addressed in numerous clinical trials. After promising results in phase I⁻II trials, multiple phase III trials in different indications are currently under way to test for direct anti-cancer effects. In addition, CUR exerts beneficial effects on cancer treatment-related neurotoxcity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hemato-toxicity, and others. More efficient galenic formulations are tested to optimze CUR's usability in cancer treatment. This review should provide a comprehensive overview of basic science, and pre-clinical and clinical data on CUR in the field of oncology. Article Title: The impact of curcumin and its modified formulations on Alzheimer's disease. Date & Journal: J Cell Physiol. 2019 Mar 7 • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major health problem worldwide, with no effective treatment approach. Curcumin is the main ingredient of turmeric traditionally used in Asian medicine. Several experimental studies have indicated the protective effect of curcumin and its novel formulations in AD. Curcumin has antioxidant, anti- inflammatory and neurotrophic activities, proposing a strong potential to prevent neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are no sufficient clinical trials to confirm curcumin use in AD patients. Low bioavailability following oral administration of curcumin limits its usage in human. The present study was designed to gather the effects of curcumin and its modified formulations in human and experimental models of AD. Article Title: The Influence of Curcumin on the Downregulation of MYC, Insulin and IGF-1 Receptors: A possible Mechanism Underlying the Anti-Growth and Anti-Migration in Chemoresistant Colorectal Cancer Cells. Date & Journal: Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Apr 3 • Background and objectives: Mounting evidence shows that curcumin, a bioactive substance originating from turmeric root, has anticancer properties. Additionally, curcumin prevents the migration and metastasis of tumor cells. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the anti-metastatic action of curcumin is not clear. Most studies have suggested that migration inhibition is related to curcumin's anti- inflammatory properties. Curcumin possesses a regulatory effect on insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptors and signaling. Insulin signaling is one of the important pathways involved in tumor initiation and progression; therefore, we proposed that the anti-metastatic effect of curcumin may mediate the downregulation of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors. Materials and Methods: Viable resistant cells resulting from treating SW480 cells with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were subjected to curcumin treatment to analyze the proliferation and migration capacity in comparison to the untreated counterparts. To test the proliferation and migration potential, MTT, colony formation, and wound healing assays were performed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to measure the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1R (IGF-1R), insulin receptor (IR), and avian myelocytomatosis virus oncogene cellular homolog (MYC). Results: Our findings showed that curcumin significantly decreased insulin and IGF-1 receptors in addition to MYC expression. Additionally, the downregulation of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors was correlated to a greater decrease in the proliferation and migration of chemoresistant colorectal cancer cells. Conclusions: These results suggest the possible therapeutic effectiveness of curcumin in adjuvant therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. Article Title: Curcuma longa L. ameliorates asthma control in children and adolescents: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Date & Journal: J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Apr 13 • ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Roots of Curcuma longa L. are used as medicine for millennia. They possess several pharmacological properties, including anti- inflammatory action, and can be suitable for asthma treatment. • AIM OF THE STUDY: We aimed to test the hypothesis that, in children and adolescents with persistent asthma, the administration of powdered roots of C. longa for 6 months, in addition to standard treatment, compared to placebo, will result in better disease control. • PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled, phase II clinical trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 30mg/kg/ day of C. longa for 6 months, or placebo. Data were collected prospectively. All patients were categorized for asthma severity and control according to GINA-2016 and underwent pulmonary function tests. • RESULTS:Overall, both groups experienced amelioration of their frequency of symptoms and interference with normal activity, but no differences were found between the two treatment groups. However, patients receiving C. longa experienced less frequent nighttime awakenings, less frequent use of short-acting β-adrenergic agonists, and better disease control after 3 and 6 months. • CONCLUSION: The powdered roots of C. longa led to less frequent nighttime awakenings, less frequent use of short-acting β-adrenergic agonists, and better disease control after 3 and 6 months, when compared to placebo. CURCUMIN EXERTS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND VASOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS THROUGH AMELIORATION OF NFAT-DEPENDENT ENDOTHELIN-1 PRODUCTION IN MICE WITH ACUTE CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2018 Jul 16;113(9):e180171. doi: 10.1590/0074-02760180171. •METHODS: Inflammation of heart vessels from Cur-treated and untreated infected mice were analysed by histology, with benznidazole (Bz) as the reference compound. Parasitaemia was monitored by the direct method. Capillary permeability was visualised by Evans-blue assay. Myocardial ET-1, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expressions were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT- PCR). Microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells were infected in vitro with or without addition of Cur or Bz. Induction of the Ca2+/NFAT pathway was assessed by fluorometry, immunoblotting, and reporter assay. •FINDINGS: Oral Cur therapy of recently infected mice reduced inflammatory cell infiltration of myocardial arteries without lowering parasite levels. Compared to that of the phosphate-buffered saline-receiving group, hearts from Cur-treated mice showed significantly decreased vessel inflammation scores (p < 0.001), vascular permeabilities (p < 0.001), and levels of IL-6/TNF-α (p < 0.01) and ET-1 (p < 0.05) mRNA. Moreover, Cur significantly
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