What Is to Be Done?: a Dialogue on Communism, Capitalism, and the Future of Democracy Pdf Free Download
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Socialism from Above Or Below “The Two Souls of Socialism” Revisited
Socialism from Above or Below “the two souls of socialism” revisited The quotation at the right is from the beginning of “The Two “Socialism’s crisis today is a crisis in the meaning Souls of Socialism,” by Hal Draper (1992), published as a of socialism…. Throughout the history of social- pamphlet in 1966. Draper’s editor notes, “Its political impact ist movements and ideas, the fundamental divide on a generation of socialists in the United States and Great is between Socialism-from-Above and Socialism- Britain has been considerable.” (Haberkern, 1992, p. xvii) It from-Below.… The history of socialism can be influenced that wing of Trotskyism which rejected Trotsky’s read as a continual but largely unsuccessful effort belief that the Soviet Union under Stalin (and after) was to free itself from the old tradition…of emanci- some sort of “workers’ state.” Instead, these semi-Trotskyists pation-from-above.” (Draper, 1992, pp. 3 & 4) held (correctly) that the U.S.S.R. had developed a bureau- cratic ruling class which collectively exploited the workers. Draper’s pamphlet was rewritten as the first half of a work by David McNally, “Socialism from Below” (1984). This has been circulated by the International Socialist Organization, which remains a major part of this international semi-Trotskyist By WAYNE PRICE tendency. McNally rewrote “Socialism from Below” in 1997; this version has been circulated by the New Socialist Group in Canada. He has recently rethought and rewritten his social- ism-from-below perspective in a new book (2002). Draper himself went on to publish four volumes on Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution,elaborating on his arguments. -
Libertarianism Karl Widerquist, Georgetown University-Qatar
Georgetown University From the SelectedWorks of Karl Widerquist 2008 Libertarianism Karl Widerquist, Georgetown University-Qatar Available at: https://works.bepress.com/widerquist/8/ Libertarianism distinct ideologies using the same label. Yet, they have a few commonalities. [233] [V1b-Edit] [Karl Widerquist] [] [w6728] Libertarian socialism: Libertarian socialists The word “libertarian” in the sense of the believe that all authority (government or combination of the word “liberty” and the private, dictatorial or democratic) is suffix “-ian” literally means “of or about inherently dangerous and possibly tyrannical. freedom.” It is an antonym of “authoritarian,” Some endorse the motto: where there is and the simplest dictionary definition is one authority, there is no freedom. who advocates liberty (Simpson and Weiner Libertarian socialism is also known as 1989). But the name “libertarianism” has “anarchism,” “libertarian communism,” and been adopted by several very different “anarchist communism,” It has a variety of political movements. Property rights offshoots including “anarcho-syndicalism,” advocates have popularized the association of which stresses worker control of enterprises the term with their ideology in the United and was very influential in Latin American States and to a lesser extent in other English- and in Spain in the 1930s (Rocker 1989 speaking countries. But they only began [1938]; Woodcock 1962); “feminist using the term in 1955 (Russell 1955). Before anarchism,” which stresses person freedoms that, and in most of the rest of the world (Brown 1993); and “eco-anarchism” today, the term has been associated almost (Bookchin 1997), which stresses community exclusively with leftists groups advocating control of the local economy and gives egalitarian property rights or even the libertarian socialism connection with Green abolition of private property, such as and environmental movements. -
Giuseppe Mazzini's International Political Thought
Copyrighted Material INTRODUCTION Giuseppe Mazzini’s International Political Thought Giuseppe Mazzini (1805–72) is today largely remembered as the chief inspirer and leading political agitator of the Italian Risorgimento. Yet Mazzini was not merely an Italian patriot, and his influence reached far beyond his native country and his century. In his time, he ranked among the leading European intellectual figures, competing for public atten tion with Mikhail Bakunin and Karl Marx, John Stuart Mill and Alexis de Tocqueville. According to his friend Alexander Herzen, the Russian political activist and writer, Mazzini was the “shining star” of the dem ocratic revolutions of 1848. In those days Mazzini’s reputation soared so high that even the revolution’s ensuing defeat left most of his Euro pean followers with a virtually unshakeable belief in the eventual tri umph of their cause.1 Mazzini was an original, if not very systematic, political thinker. He put forward principled arguments in support of various progressive causes, from universal suffrage and social justice to women’s enfran chisement. Perhaps most fundamentally, he argued for a reshaping of the European political order on the basis of two seminal principles: de mocracy and national selfdetermination. These claims were extremely radical in his time, when most of continental Europe was still under the rule of hereditary kingships and multinational empires such as the Habs burgs and the ottomans. Mazzini worked primarily on people’s minds and opinions, in the belief that radical political change first requires cultural and ideological transformations on which to take root. He was one of the first political agitators and public intellectuals in the contemporary sense of the term: not a solitary thinker or soldier but rather a political leader who sought popular support and participa tion. -
L. T. Hobhouse and J. A. Hobson
Two years before the Labour Party victory of 1997, Tony Blair made a seminal speech L. T. HOBHOUSE AND J. A. HOBSON: to the Fabian Society in celebration of the fiftieth anniversary ThE NEW LIBERAL INFLUENCE ON ThiRD WAY idEAS of the 1945 Labour election victory. The speech was a major media event because it was a defining moment for New Labour ‘modernisers’. They were seeking to move the party from its socialist history on to ‘new’ political and ideological ground – as well as reap the tactical electoral benefits they felt could be gained by such a shift. Blair used the speech to pronounce himself ‘proud’ to be a ‘democratic socialist’ while redefining socialism to create ‘social-ism’. More relevant here, as seen above, was Blair’s reiteration of British political history from this revised New Labour position. Dr Alison Holmes examines New Liberal influences on Blair’s ‘Third Way’. 16 Journal of Liberal History 55 Summer 2007 L. T. HOBHOUSE AND J. A. HOBSON: ThE NEW LIBERAL INFLUENCE ON ThiRD WAY idEAS lair listed both L. T exercise it. So they argued for the New Liberal ideas of writers Hobhouse and J. A. collective action, including such as Hobhouse and Hobson Hobson amongst the state action, to achieve positive that were to carry through to intellectual corner- freedom, even if it infringed the modern interpretation of the stones of both New traditional laissez-faire liberal Third Way. BLiberalism and New Labour – orthodoxy … They did not call later termed the Third Way: themselves socialists, though Hobhouse coined the term J. -
JS Mill's Political Thought
P1: JZZ 0521860202pre CUFX079B/Urbinati 0 521 86020 2 cupusbw December 26, 2006 7:38 This page intentionally left blank ii P1: JZZ 0521860202pre CUFX079B/Urbinati 0 521 86020 2 cupusbw December 26, 2006 7:38 J. S. MILL’S POLITICAL THOUGHT The year 2006 marked the two hundredth anniversary of John Stuart Mill’s birth. Although his philosophical reputation has varied greatly in the interven- ing years, it is now clear that Mill ranks among the most influential modern political thinkers. Yet despite his enduring influence, and perhaps also because of it, the breadth and complexity of Mill’s political thought is often under- appreciated. Although his writings remain a touchstone for debates over liberty and liberalism, many other important dimensions of his political philosophy have until recently been mostly ignored or neglected. This volume aims, first, to correct such neglect by illustrating the breadth and depth of Mill’s political writings. It does so by drawing togetheracollection of essays whose authors explore underappreciated elements of Mill’s political philosophy, including his democratic theory, his writings on international relations and military inter- ventions, and his treatments of socialism and despotism. Second, the volume shows how Mill’s thinking remains pertinent to our own political life in three broad areas – democratic institutions and culture, liberalism, and international politics – and offers a critical reassessment of Mill’s political philosophy in light of recent political developments and transformations. Nadia Urbinati -
Egalitarian Liberalism and Economic Freedom
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2019 Egalitarian Liberalism And Economic Freedom Pierce Randall University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Randall, Pierce, "Egalitarian Liberalism And Economic Freedom" (2019). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 3680. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3680 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3680 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Egalitarian Liberalism And Economic Freedom Abstract This dissertation considers three major challenges to egalitarian liberal institutions made by classical liber- als: that egalitarian liberal institutions involve too much coercive interference with individual economic decisions, that free markets tend to do better at rewarding people on the basis of their economic choices, and that only by recognizing full liberal rights of ownership can a society best promote a stable property regime consistent with our pre-political conventions of ownership. Each of these objections fails, but they point to an underlying concern that egalitarian liberal institutions fail to adequately protect economic freedom. The dissertation then develops and defends a conception of economic freedom that is reflected in egalitar- ian liberal institutions. Economic freedom depends on the quality and availability of options individuals have in markets, -
Socialism and Democracy: New Labour and the Constitution
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title Socialism and Democracy: New Labour and the Constitution Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sk4j92d Journal Observatoire de la Société Britannique, 3 Author Bevir, Mark Publication Date 2007 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Socialism and Democracy: New Labour and the Constitution By Mark Bevir I. CONTACT INFORMATION Department of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1950 Email: mbevir@ berkeley.edu II. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE Mark Bevir is a Professor in the Department of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of The Logic of the History of Ideas (1999); New Labour: A Critique (2005); and, with R.A.W. Rhodes, Interpreting British Governance (2003), and Governance Stories (2006). 1 Keywords New Labour, Blair, Constitutionalism, Liberalism, Third Way, Institutionalism, Communitarianism Abstract : This paper suggests that one way to make sense of New Labour’s constitutional reforms is to show how they draw on concepts of democracy embedded in the British traditions of thought that have inspired New Labour. In this view, the constitutional reforms draw on a representative concept of democracy that has been characteristic of the liberal and Fabian traditions that have long dominated British socialism. Similarly, New Labour’s other public sector reforms often draw on a concept of democracy associated with communitarianism and the new institutionalism – two strands of social science upon which New Labour, following the Fabian tradition with its faith in expertise, has drawn to respond to issues raised by the New Right. The paper contrasts the dominant liberal and Fabian traditions upon which New Labour has drawn with some neglected participatory and pluralist alternatives that have long inspired socialist opposition to the Labour Party. -
Libertarian Socialism
Libertarian Socialism PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sun, 12 Aug 2012 19:52:27 UTC Contents Articles Libertarian socialism 1 The Venus Project 37 The Zeitgeist Movement 39 References Article Sources and Contributors 42 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 43 Article Licenses License 44 Libertarian socialism 1 Libertarian socialism Libertarian socialism (sometimes called social anarchism,[1][2] and sometimes left libertarianism)[3][4] is a group of political philosophies that promote a non-hierarchical, non-bureaucratic society without private property in the means of production. Libertarian socialists believe in converting present-day private productive property into the commons or public goods, while retaining respect for personal property[5]. Libertarian socialism is opposed to coercive forms of social organization. It promotes free association in place of government and opposes the social relations of capitalism, such as wage labor.[6] The term libertarian socialism is used by some socialists to differentiate their philosophy from state socialism[7][8] or by some as a synonym for left anarchism.[1][2][9] Adherents of libertarian socialism assert that a society based on freedom and equality can be achieved through abolishing authoritarian institutions that control certain means of production and subordinate the majority to an owning class or political and economic elite.[10] Libertarian socialism also constitutes a tendency of thought that -
The Quest for a Liberal-Socialist Democracy and Development
The Quest for a Liberal-Socialist Democracy and Development The Quest for a Liberal-Socialist Democracy and Development: Against the Behemoth By Vjeran Katunarić The Quest for a Liberal-Socialist Democracy and Development: Against the Behemoth By Vjeran Katunarić This book first published 2018 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2018 by Vjeran Katunarić All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-0907-9 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-0907-8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ................................................................................... vii Introduction ................................................................................................ ix Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Liberal Socialism Faced with the Behemoth Chapter Two ................................................................................................ 9 The Higher Immorality of the New Power Elites Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 16 The Impossible Self-Production Chapter Four ............................................................................................. -
Democratic Capitalism Exceeds Socialism in Economic Efficiency As Well As in Morality
Democratic Capitalism Exceeds Socialism in Economic Efficiency as Well as in Morality By Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Research Fellow, Hoover Institution As of 2020, many Americans—particularly but not the model is profit over everything else, you’re not going to exclusively the young—remain intrigued by socialism. look at your policies to see what is most racially equitable.”3 Indeed, a 2019 survey found that socialism is as popular as capitalism among young American adults.1 Well- Predicting the future is far beyond my abilities, and drawing known political figures such as Senator Bernie Sanders (I- lessons from past experience is only a bit easier. In this paper, VT), Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY), I aim to defend the superiority of democratic capitalism and others describe themselves as “democratic socialists” over both the old socialism and neosocialism, not only for and advocate tens of trillions of dollars in new spending its economic efficiency, but also for its moral superiority and programs along with a massive expansion of state power the possibilities it provides for humans to flourish. In order over citizens’ lives.2 to do this, I explain my personal experience with socialism and describe how aspects of socialism are seeping into the In academic circles, too, the debate surrounding the merits current American debate. I caution that before they embrace of socialism continues. A little less than thirty years after neosocialism, young Americans ought to consider carefully the Soviet Union was formally dissolved, capitalism is not only its superficial attractions, but also its fundamental nearly everywhere on the defensive, both in academia and drawbacks. -
SOCIALISM Definition Authoritarian Socialism Is Derived from the Concept of "Socialism-From-Above" Authoritarian
SOCIALISM Definition Authoritarian socialism is derived from the concept of "socialism-from-above" Authoritarian socialism is a political-economic system that can be generally described as socialist but rejects the liberal democratic concepts of multi-party politics, freedom of assembly, habeas corpus and freedom of expression. Other features that are common to modern authoritarian socialist states (starting in the 20th century) include an emphasis on heavy industry for development, a single-party system to propel the goals of the state forward, the extensive use of propaganda to do the same and more. Formation of Industry: Often, as authoritarian powers enforce socialist economics, the process goes hand in hand with supporting the growth of heavy industry as a means of reaching industrialization Industrialization of China did occur on a significant scale only from the 1950s, in the Maoist Great Leap Forward (simplified Chinese: 大跃进; traditional Chinese: 大躍進; pinyin: Dàyuèjìn). This was the plan used from 1958 to 1961 to transform the People's Republic of China from a primarily agrarian economy by peasant farmers into a modern communistsociety through the process of agriculturalization and industrialization. Single-Party System: Authoritarian States often oppose the multi-party system to instill power of the government into a single party that could be led by a single head of state. The rationale behind this being that: 1) elites have the time and resources to enforce socialist theory, because 2) in this socialist state, the interests of the people are represented by the party or head of the party. Propaganda: Departments of propaganda are not at all rare in these regimes. -
Representative Democracy, Conflict, and Consensus in J. S. Mill An
Representative Democracy, Conflict, and Consensus in J. S. Mill An abridged and translated version of a dissertation presented by Gustavo Hessmann Dalaqua to The Department of Philosophy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Political Philosophy University of São Paulo Advisor: Prof. Alberto Ribeiro Gonçalves de Barros Co-advisor: Prof. Maria Isabel Limongi Examiners: Prof. Cicero Romão de Araujo, Prof. Silvana Ramos, Prof. Nadia Urbinati São Paulo 2019 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. Catalogação na Publicação Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo Dalaqua, Gustavo Hessmann D136r Representative Democracy, Conflict, and Consensus in J. S. Mill / Gustavo Hessmann Dalaqua ; orientador Alberto Ribeiro Gonçalves de Barros. - São Paulo, 2019. 245 f. Tese (Doutorado)- Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Filosofia. Área de concentração: Filosofia. 1. Mill, John Stuart 1806-1873. 2. Democracy. 3. Political Representation. 4. Consensus. 5. Conflict. I. Barros, Alberto Ribeiro Gonçalves de, orient. II. Título. TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview of the Portuguese version of the dissertation………………….………p. 11 1. Democracy and truth: A contingent defense of epistemic democracy ...…………p. 31 1.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………...……p. 31 1.2 The critique against the epistemic conception of democracy…………………....p. 33 1.3 Deliberation and truth: Mill’s epistemic democracy…………………………….p. 37 1.3.1 “With the eyes of a working man”: representation, knowledge, and social perspective…………………………………………………………………….……..p.