High Performance Ssds Under Linux
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High Performance Solid State Storage Under Linux
High Performance Solid State Storage Under Linux Eric Seppanen, Matthew T. O’Keefe, David J. Lilja Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455 fsepp0019, mokeefe, [email protected] Abstract—Solid state drives (SSDs) allow single-drive perfor- II. BACKGROUND mance that is far greater than disks can produce. Their low latency and potential for parallel operations mean that they are A. Solid State Drives able to read and write data at speeds that strain operating system In many ways, SSD performance is far superior to that of I/O interfaces. Additionally, their performance characteristics expose gaps in existing benchmarking methodologies. disk drives. With random read performance nearly identical We discuss the impact on Linux system design of a prototype to sequential read performance, seek-heavy workloads can PCI Express SSD that operates at least an order of magnitude perform orders of magnitude faster with an SSD compared to faster than most drives available today. We develop benchmark- a disk drive. SSDs have other benefits besides performance: ing strategies and focus on several areas where current Linux they consume less power and are more resistant to physical systems need improvement, and suggest methods of taking full advantage of such high-performance solid state storage. abuse than disk drives. We demonstrate that an SSD can perform with high through- But SSDs bear the burden of NAND flash management. put, high operation rates, and low latency under the most Large flash block erase sizes cause write amplification and difficult conditions. This suggests that high-performance SSDs delays, and drives must have large page-mapping tables to sup- can dramatically improve parallel I/O performance for future port small writes efficiently. -
SAS Enters the Mainstream Although Adoption of Serial Attached SCSI
SAS enters the mainstream By the InfoStor staff http://www.infostor.com/articles/article_display.cfm?Section=ARTCL&C=Newst&ARTICLE_ID=295373&KEYWORDS=Adaptec&p=23 Although adoption of Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) is still in the infancy stages, the next 12 months bode well for proponents of the relatively new disk drive/array interface. For example, in a recent InfoStor QuickVote reader poll, 27% of the respondents said SAS will account for the majority of their disk drive purchases over the next year, although Serial ATA (SATA) topped the list with 37% of the respondents, followed by Fibre Channel with 32%. Only 4% of the poll respondents cited the aging parallel SCSI interface (see figure). However, surveys of InfoStor’s readers are skewed by the fact that almost half of our readers are in the channel (primarily VARs and systems/storage integrators), and the channel moves faster than end users in terms of adopting (or at least kicking the tires on) new technologies such as serial interfaces. Click here to enlarge image To get a more accurate view of the pace of adoption of serial interfaces such as SAS, consider market research predictions from firms such as Gartner and International Data Corp. (IDC). Yet even in those firms’ predictions, SAS is coming on surprisingly strong, mostly at the expense of its parallel SCSI predecessor. For example, Gartner predicts SAS disk drives will account for 16.4% of all multi-user drive shipments this year and will garner almost 45% of the overall market in 2009 (see figure on p. 18). -
Linux on the Road
Linux on the Road Linux with Laptops, Notebooks, PDAs, Mobile Phones and Other Portable Devices Werner Heuser <wehe[AT]tuxmobil.org> Linux Mobile Edition Edition Version 3.22 TuxMobil Berlin Copyright © 2000-2011 Werner Heuser 2011-12-12 Revision History Revision 3.22 2011-12-12 Revised by: wh The address of the opensuse-mobile mailing list has been added, a section power management for graphics cards has been added, a short description of Intel's LinuxPowerTop project has been added, all references to Suspend2 have been changed to TuxOnIce, links to OpenSync and Funambol syncronization packages have been added, some notes about SSDs have been added, many URLs have been checked and some minor improvements have been made. Revision 3.21 2005-11-14 Revised by: wh Some more typos have been fixed. Revision 3.20 2005-11-14 Revised by: wh Some typos have been fixed. Revision 3.19 2005-11-14 Revised by: wh A link to keytouch has been added, minor changes have been made. Revision 3.18 2005-10-10 Revised by: wh Some URLs have been updated, spelling has been corrected, minor changes have been made. Revision 3.17.1 2005-09-28 Revised by: sh A technical and a language review have been performed by Sebastian Henschel. Numerous bugs have been fixed and many URLs have been updated. Revision 3.17 2005-08-28 Revised by: wh Some more tools added to external monitor/projector section, link to Zaurus Development with Damn Small Linux added to cross-compile section, some additions about acoustic management for hard disks added, references to X.org added to X11 sections, link to laptop-mode-tools added, some URLs updated, spelling cleaned, minor changes. -
Dm-X: Protecting Volume-Level Integrity for Cloud Volumes and Local
dm-x: Protecting Volume-level Integrity for Cloud Volumes and Local Block Devices Anrin Chakraborti Bhushan Jain Jan Kasiak Stony Brook University Stony Brook University & Stony Brook University UNC, Chapel Hill Tao Zhang Donald Porter Radu Sion Stony Brook University & Stony Brook University & Stony Brook University UNC, Chapel Hill UNC, Chapel Hill ABSTRACT on Amazon’s Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) [2] (which provides The verified boot feature in recent Android devices, which strong security guarantees through network isolation) store deploys dm-verity, has been overwhelmingly successful in elim- data on untrusted storage devices residing in the public cloud. inating the extremely popular Android smart phone rooting For example, Amazon VPC file systems, object stores, and movement [25]. Unfortunately, dm-verity integrity guarantees databases reside on virtual block devices in the Amazon are read-only and do not extend to writable volumes. Elastic Block Storage (EBS). This paper introduces a new device mapper, dm-x, that This allows numerous attack vectors for a malicious cloud efficiently (fast) and reliably (metadata journaling) assures provider/untrusted software running on the server. For in- volume-level integrity for entire, writable volumes. In a direct stance, to ensure SEC-mandated assurances of end-to-end disk setup, dm-x overheads are around 6-35% over ext4 on the integrity, banks need to guarantee that the external cloud raw volume while offering additional integrity guarantees. For storage service is unable to remove log entries documenting cloud storage (Amazon EBS), dm-x overheads are negligible. financial transactions. Yet, without integrity of the storage device, a malicious cloud storage service could remove logs of a coordinated attack. -
Engineering Specifications
DOC NO : Rev. Issued Date : 2020/10/08 V1.0 SOLID STATE STORAGE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 司 Revised Date : ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS Product Name: CVB-CDXXX (WT) Model CVB-CD128 CVB-CD256 CVB-CD512 CVB-CD1024 Author: Ken Liao DOC NO : Rev. Issued Date : 2020/10/08 V1.0 SOLID STATE STORAGE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 司 Revised Date : Version History Date 0.1 Draft 2020/07/20 1.0 First release 2020/10/08 DOC NO : Rev. Issued Date : 2020/10/08 V1.0 SOLID STATE STORAGE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 司 Revised Date : Copyright 2020 SOLID STATE STORAGE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION Disclaimer The information in this document is subject to change without prior notice in order to improve reliability, design, and function and does not represent a commitment on the part of the manufacturer. In no event will the manufacturer be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the product or documentation, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. This document contains proprietary information protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this datasheet may be reproduced by any mechanical, electronic, or other means in any form without prior written permission of SOLID STATE STORAGE Technology Corporation. DOC NO : Rev. Issued Date : 2020/10/08 V1.0 SOLID STATE STORAGE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 司 Revised Date : Table of Contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................... 5 1.1 Overview ............................................................................................. -
SGI™ Propack 1.3 for Linux™ Start Here
SGI™ ProPack 1.3 for Linux™ Start Here Document Number 007-4062-005 © 1999—2000 Silicon Graphics, Inc.— All Rights Reserved The contents of this document may not be copied or duplicated in any form, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of Silicon Graphics, Inc. LIMITED AND RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in the Rights in Data clause at FAR 52.227-14 and/or in similar or successor clauses in the FAR, or in the DOD, DOE or NASA FAR Supplements. Unpublished rights reserved under the Copyright Laws of the United States. Contractor/ manufacturer is SGI, 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043-1351. Silicon Graphics is a registered trademark and SGI and SGI ProPack for Linux are trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc. Intel is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds. NCR is a trademark of NCR Corporation. NFS is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Oracle is a trademark of Oracle Corporation. Red Hat is a registered trademark and RPM is a trademark of Red Hat, Inc. SuSE is a trademark of SuSE Inc. TurboLinux is a trademark of TurboLinux, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company, Ltd. SGI™ ProPack 1.3 for Linux™ Start Here Document Number 007-4062-005 Contents List of Tables v About This Guide vii Reader Comments vii 1. Release Features 1 Feature Overview 2 Qualified Drivers 3 Patches and Changes to Base Linux Distributions 3 2. -
Dell EMC Poweredge RAID Controller S140 User’S Guide Notes, Cautions, and Warnings
Dell EMC PowerEdge RAID Controller S140 User’s Guide Notes, cautions, and warnings NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your product. CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to avoid the problem. WARNING: A WARNING indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or death. © 2018 - 2019 Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Dell, EMC, and other trademarks are trademarks of Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries. Other trademarks may be trademarks of their respective owners. 2019 - 12 Rev. A09 Contents 1 Overview..................................................................................................................................... 6 PERC S140 specifications.....................................................................................................................................................6 Supported operating systems..............................................................................................................................................8 Supported PowerEdge systems.......................................................................................................................................... 9 Supported physical disks...................................................................................................................................................... 9 Management applications for the PERC S140................................................................................................................ -
Datasheet (PDF)
DOC NO : Rev. Issued Date : 2020/10/07 V1.0 SOLID STATE STORAGE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 司 Revised Date : ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS Product Name: CVB-8DXXX-WT Model CVB-8D128- WT CVB-8D256 - WT CVB-8D512- WT CVB-8D1024 - WT Author: Ken Liao DOC NO : Rev. Issued Date : 2020/10/07 V1.0 SOLID STATE STORAGE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 司 Revised Date : Version History Date 0.1 Draft 2020/03/30 1.0 First release 2020/10/07 DOC NO : Rev. Issued Date : 2020/10/07 V1.0 SOLID STATE STORAGE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 司 Revised Date : Copyright 2020 SOLID STATE STORAGE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION Disclaimer The information in this document is subject to change without prior notice in order to improve reliability, design, and function and does not represent a commitment on the part of the manufacturer. In no event will the manufacturer be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the product or documentation, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. This document contains proprietary information protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this datasheet may be reproduced by any mechanical, electronic, or other means in any form without prior written permission of SOLID STATE STORAGE Technology Corporation. DOC NO : Rev. Issued Date : 2020/10/07 V1.0 SOLID STATE STORAGE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 司 Revised Date : Table of Contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................... 5 1.1 Overview ............................................................................................. -
Mobile Video Ecosystem and Geofencing for Licensed Content Delivery
Mobile Video Ecosystem and Geofencing for Licensed Content Delivery TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Video Delivery Challenges and Optimizations .......................................................................................... 6 2.1 Delivery technology ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.2 Video Codecs ...................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Codec comparison ............................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Congestion Control Algorithm Enhancements .................................................................................. 11 3. Managing Video Based on Network Load............................................................................................... 12 3.1 Radio Congestion Aware Function (RCAF) ...................................................................................... 12 3.2 Mobile Throughput Guidance ............................................................................................................ 13 3.3 Self Organizing -
FWB's Guide to Storage
GtoS 2nd Ed. Book Page i Friday, March 27, 1998 12:05 PM FWB’s Guide to Storage Second Edition GtoS 2nd Ed. Book Page ii Friday, March 27, 1998 12:05 PM Copyright Notice This manual is copyrighted by FWB Software, LLC (FWB) with all rights reserved. Your rights with regard to this manual are subject to the restrictions and limitations imposed by the copyright laws of the United States of Amer- ica. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, reproduced, translated, transmitted or reduced to any printed or electronic medium or to any machine-readable form, in whole or in part, without the written consent of FWB. © 1991, 1996 By FWB Software, LLC December 1996 Part No.: 07-00841-201 GtoS 2nd Ed. Book Page iii Friday, March 27, 1998 12:05 PM Trademarks Hard Disk ToolKit, RAID ToolKit, SpaceMaker ToolKit, and CD-ROM Tool- Kit are trademarks of FWB Software, LLC. FWB is a registered trademark of FWB Software, LLC. All brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Credits This guide was written by Norman Fong with help from Joan Carter, Steve Dalton, Bruce Dundas, Eric Herzog, Al Pierce, Stuart Saraquse, and Fred Swan. It was designed, edited, and composed by Joan Carter with help from Allan Levite. Illustrations were produced by Deane Morris. The original version of this manual was written in 1991 by Leslie Feldman, Norman Fong, Kevin Kachadourian, Neil Strudwick, and Paul Worthington as part of FWB’s Hard Disk ToolKit 1.x manual. Dedication This book is dedicated to my family and friends who put up with the long hours put into this effort. -
3.5-Inch, SAS 15K Enterprise Hard Disk Drives MAX3036RC • MAX3073RC • MAX3147RC
Storage High performance and high capacity for your mission critical storage applications. 3.5-Inch, SAS 15K Enterprise Hard Disk Drives MAX3036RC • MAX3073RC • MAX3147RC State-of-the-art hard disk drives for your most demanding enterprise applications 3.5-inch RoHS compliant enterprise hard disk drives offer 15K RPM spindle speed and feature storage capacities up to 147GB1 Ideal for applications requiring high performance and high bandwidth Native Command Queuing (NCQ), providing faster execution of operation commands Uses smaller connectors and cables than U320, a benefit acknowledged by the SCSI Trade Association (STA) Point-to-point connection allows for improved input-output per second (IOPS) in proportion to the number of drives connected 1 One gigabyte (GB) = one billion bytes; accessible capacity will be less and actual capacity depends on the operating environment and formatting. 3.5-Inch, SAS 15K Enterprise Hard Disk Drives MAX3036RC • MAX3073RC • MAX3147RC 3.5-Inch, SAS 15K RPM Series Hard Disk Drive Specifications With more than 35 years of experience in hard disk Description MAX3036RC MAX3073RC MAX3147RC drive technology, Fujitsu can offer state-of-the-art Functional Specifications hard disk drives for your most demanding enterprise Storage capacity (formatted)1 36.7 GB 73.5 GB 147.0 GB applications. Our latest SAS offering is another Disks 1 2 4 Heads (read/write) 2 4 8 example, building on our market leadership in the Bytes/sector 512 Seek time Track to track Read: 0.2 ms (typ.) / Write: 0.4 ms (typ.) exploding SAS market. Average Read: 3.3 ms (typ) / Write: 3.8 ms (typ) The availability of this latest SAS offering Full track Read: 8.0 ms (typ) / Write: 9.0 ms (typ) Average latency time 2.00 ms solidifies Fujitsu as the SAS leader for all form factors Rotational speed (RPM) 15,000 in the enterprise market, reflecting a determination Areal density 59 Gbits/sq. -
Buffered FUSE: Optimising the Android IO Stack for User-Level Filesystem
Int. J. Embedded Systems, Vol. 6, Nos. 2/3, 2014 95 Buffered FUSE: optimising the Android IO stack for user-level filesystem Sooman Jeong and Youjip Won* Hanyang University, #507-2, Annex of Engineering Center, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author Abstract: In this work, we optimise the Android IO stack for user-level filesystem. Android imposes user-level filesystem over native filesystem partition to provide flexibility in managing the internal storage space and to maintain host compatibility. The overhead of user-level filesystem is prohibitively large and the native storage bandwidth is significantly under-utilised. We overhauled the FUSE layer in the Android platform and propose buffered FUSE (bFUSE) to address the overhead of user-level filesystem. The key technical ingredients of buffered FUSE are: 1) extended FUSE IO size; 2) internal user-level write buffer; 3) independent management thread which performs time-driven FUSE buffer synchronisation. With buffered FUSE, we examined the performances of five different filesystems and three disk scheduling algorithms in a combinatorial manner. With bFUSE on XFS filesystem using the deadline scheduling, we achieved the IO performance improvements of 470% and 419% in Android ICS and JB, respectively, over the existing smartphone device. Keywords: Android; storage; user-level filesystem; FUSE; write buffer; embedded systems. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Jeong, S. and Won, Y. (2014) ‘Buffered FUSE: optimising the Android IO stack for user-level filesystem’, Int. J. Embedded Systems, Vol. 6, Nos.