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New Pest Response Guidelines False Codling Moth Thaumatotibia United States Department of New Pest Response Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Guidelines Inspection Service False Codling Moth Cooperating State Departments of Agriculture Thaumatotibia leucotreta The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of any individuals income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The opinions expressed by individuals in this report do not necessarily represent the policies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Mention of companies or commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned. USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of any product mentioned. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available data and to provide specific information. This publication reports research involving pesticides. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. First Edition Issued 2007 1 Credits False Codling Moth Contributors Stephanie Bloem, U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)–Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)–Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST), Raleigh, North Carolina John Canaday, USDA–APHIS–Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ)–Emergency and Domestic Programs (EDP)–Emergency Management (EM), Riverdale, Maryland Jim E. Carpenter, USDA–Agricultural Research Service (ARS)–Crop Protection and Management Research, Tifton, Georgia Valerie DeFeo, USDA–APHIS–PPQ–EDP–EM, Riverdale, Maryland Susan Ellis, USDA–APHIS–PPQ–Office of the Deputy Administrator, Riverdale, Maryland Todd Gilligan, Ohio State University, Museum of Biodiversity, Columbus, Ohio Patricia S. Michalak, USDA–APHIS–PPQ–EDP–EM, Frederick, Maryland Jeffrey N. L. Stibick, USDA–APHIS–PPQ–EDP–EM, Riverdale, Maryland Shaharra J. Usnick, USDA–APHIS–PPQ–Plant Health Programs, Riverdale, Maryland Robert C. Venette, USDA–Forest Service, St. Paul, Minnesota Industry, State Regulatory Officers, Universities, and Governmental Agencies as credited in: September 1983. Action Plan: False Codling Moth Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick). USDA–APHIS–PPQ–Emergency Programs. Citing This Document Cite this document as follows: U.S. Department Of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Emergency and Domestic Programs. 2010. New Pest Response Guidelines: False Codling Moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta. Riverdale, Maryland [ http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/ manuals/online_manuals.shtml ] 1 1/2010-1 False Codling Moth i Emergency and Domestic Programs Graphics Graphics Cover Adult moth—Georg Goergen/IITA Insect Museum, Cotonou, Benin ii False Codling Moth 1/2010-1 Emergency and Domestic Programs Contents False Codling Moth Credits page 1-i Contributors i Citing This Document i Graphics ii Chapter 1 Introduction page 1-1 Contents 1 Purpose 1 Pest Status 2 Disclaimers and Document Comprehension 2 Initiating an Emergency Pest Response Program 3 Program Safety 4 Support For Program Decision Making 4 Chapter 2 Pest Information page 2-1 Contents 1 Introduction 1 Classification 1 History 3 Ecological Range 5 Damage to Host Plants 5 Life Cycle 8 Predicting Insect Development 12 Chapter 3 Identification page 3-1 Contents 1 Introduction 1 Authorities 1 Pre-Identification 2 Similar Species 4 Collection, Rearing and Preparation of Specimens 5 Shipping 6 Chapter 4 Survey page 4-1 Contents 1 Introduction 1 Detection Survey 2 Monitoring Survey 3 Delimiting Survey 3 1 1/2010‐1 False Codling Moth iii Emergency and Domestic Programs Traceback Investigation 5 Visual Inspection of Plants 6 Larval Survey in Fruit 8 Soil Sampling 8 Trapping 8 Host Collecting and Holding 9 Orientation of Survey Personnel 9 Survey Records 9 Chapter 5 Regulatory Procedures page 5-1 Contents 1 Introduction 1 Instructions to Officers 1 Regulated Articles 2 Quarantine Actions 3 Regulated Establishments 3 Use of Pesticides 3 Approved Regulatory Treatments 4 Principal Activities 4 Removing Quarantines 5 Orientation of Regulatory Personnel 5 Regulatory Records 5 Chapter 6 Control page 6-1 Chapter 7 Environmental Compliance page 7-1 Contents 1 Introduction 1 National Environmental Policy Act 2 Endangered Species Act 2 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 2 Other Laws 3 Environmental Monitoring 3 3 Chapter 8 Pathways page 8-1 Contents 1 Introduction 1 Interceptions 1 Risk of Establishment 2 Glossary page 1-1 iv False Codling Moth 1/2010-1 Emergency and Domestic Programs References page 1-1 Appendix A Resources page A-1 Suppliers of Beneficial Organisms 1 Suppliers of Insecticides 1 Pheromone Disruption and Traps 2 Entomology Supplies 3 Environmental Compliance 3 Environmental Services 3 Additional Resources 3 Appendix B Forms page B-1 Contents 1 PPQ 391 Specimens For Determination 2 Appendix C Hosts page C-1 Contents 1 Preferred Hosts 1 Secondary Hosts 2 Appendix D Taxonomy page D-1 Contents 1 Taxonomy of False Codling Moth 2 Species Similar to False Codling Moth 11 Tools For Identifying Larvae of Leafrollers 15 Appendix E Identification Job Aid page E-1 1/2010-1 False Codling Moth v Emergency and Domestic Programs vi False Codling Moth 1/2010-1 Emergency and Domestic Programs Chapter 1 1 1 Introduction False Codling Moth Contents Purpose page 1‐1 Pest Status page 1‐2 Disclaimers and Document Comprehension page 1‐2 Initiating an Emergency Pest Response Program page 1‐3 Support For Program Decision Making page 1‐4 Purpose Use New Pest Response Guidelines: False Codling Moth as a guide when designing a program to detect, monitor, control, contain, or eradicate an infestation of false codling moth (Thaumatotibia [= Cryptophlebia] leucotreta [Meyrick]). The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)–Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)–Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) developed this guide through discussion, consultation, or agreement with staff at USDA–Agricultural Research Service (ARS), universities, industries, and state departments of agriculture. If the pest is detected in the United States, PPQ personnel will produce a site‐specific action plan based on this report. Personnel in state agriculture departments and others concerned with developing local survey or control programs for this pest will find the Guidelines useful. The Guidelines will be updated as new information becomes available. Specific emergency programs should be based on information available at the time of the incident. 1 1/2010-1 False Codling Moth 1-1 Emergency and Domestic Programs Chapter 1 Pest Status Pest Status False codling moth is a significant import threat to the United States for the following reasons: ◆ False codling moth is a pest of economic importance to many crops in its native habitat including avocado, citrus, corn, cotton, macadamia, peach and plum; ◆ False codling moth could easily become established in the southern and southwestern United States; ◆ Establishment of false codling moth in the United States could result in economic losses of billions of dollars; ◆ False codling moth has been frequently intercepted at United States ports of entry in both cargo and passenger luggage; ◆ False codling moth larvae are difficult to detect once they enter fruit; and ◆ False codling moth eggs are laid singly and are difficult to detect. On July 30, 2008, USDA confirmed the identification of a single male false codling moth in Ventura County, California. This was the first domestic detection of this pest in the United States (USDA–APHIS–PPQ 2008). On November 12, 2009, USDA confirmed the identification of a single larva intercepted in fruit in baggage (Touhey, P. 2010). Detection of a single larva in fruit destined for export can result in rejection of an entire consignment (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 2004). Disclaimers and Document Comprehension This document is not intended to be complete and exhaustive. It provides a foundation, based upon the literature available, to assist further work. Some key articles were not available at the time of writing, and not all specialists and members of the research community were consulted for their advice. Conduct your own literature search. Search the World Wide Web frequently, since material is updated periodically. Commercial Suppliers References to commercial suppliers or products should not be construed as an endorsement of the company or product by USDA. 1-2 False Codling Moth 1/2010-1 Emergency
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