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Landslides in Belgium—Two Case Studies in the Flemish Ardennes and the Pays De 20 Herve
Landslides in Belgium—Two Case Studies in the Flemish Ardennes and the Pays de 20 Herve Olivier Dewitte, Miet Van Den Eeckhaut, Jean Poesen and Alain Demoulin Abstract Most landslides in Belgium, and especially the largest features, do not occur in the Ardenne, where the relief energy and the climate conditions seem most favourable. They appear in regions located mainly north of them where the lithology consists primarily of unconsolidated material. They develop on slopes that are relatively smooth, and their magnitude is pretty large with regard to that context. An inventory of more than 300 pre-Holocene to recent landslides has been mapped. Twenty-seven percent of all inventoried landslides are shallow complex landslides that show signs of recent activity. The remaining landslides are deep-seated features and rotational earth slides dominate (n > 200). For such landslides, the average area is 3.9 ha, but affected areas vary from 0.2 to 40.4 ha. The exact age of the deep-seated landslides is unknown, but it is certain that during the last century no such landslides were initiated. Both climatic and seismic conditions during the Quaternary may have triggered landslides. The produced landslide inventory is a historical inventory containing landslides of different ages and triggering events. Currently, only new shallow landslides or reactivations within existing deep-seated landslides occur. The focus on the Hekkebrugstraat landslide in the Flemish Ardennes allows us to understand the recent dynamics of a large reactivated landslide. It shows the complexity of the interactions between natural and human-induced processes. The focus on the Pays the Herve allows for a deeper understanding of landslide mechanisms and the cause of their origin in natural environmental conditions. -
The Hebrew Library of a Renaissance Humanist
STUDIA ROSENTHALIANA 42-43 (2010-2011), 197-252 doi: 10.2143/SR.43.0.2175927 The Hebrew Library of a Renaissance Humanist Andreas Masius and the Bibliography to his Iosuae Imperatoris Historia (1574), with a Latin Edition and an Annotated English Translation* THEODOR DUNKELGRÜN I n the prefatory epistle to his bilingual edition of Abraham bar Hiyya’s I The Shape of the Earth and Elijah Mizrahi’s Abridgment of the Art of Mathematics, the geographer and Hebraist Sebastian Münster (1488- 1552), a former Franciscan who had become professor of Hebrew at Basel, attacked what a lifetime of teaching Hebrew had shown him to be a persistent and widespread view throughout the Christian West in the first half of the sixteenth century: They are entirely mistaken, those conceited smatterers, who in their audacity are willing to claim that the Jews have no scholarly or scien- tific authors whatsoever, that they have alienated themselves from all studies of the human sciences and philosophy, and that nothing can be discovered among them but the aforesaid useless traditions of their ancestors and Talmudic twaddle.1 * An earlier version of this article was prepared for the sixth early modern workshop, Reading across Cultures: The Jewish Book and its Readers in the Early Modern Period, held at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Studies at Harvard University, August 23-25, 2009. I am grateful to its con- veners, Magda Teter and Rachel Greenblatt, for the invitation to attend, and to its benefactors for the graduate fellowship that allowed me to do so. My research on Masius was supported by the Belgian American Educational Foundation and by the National Endowment for the Humanities, and most of the article was written during a fellowship at the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies. -
Executive and Legislative Bodies
Published on Eurydice (https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice) Legislative and executive powers at the various levels Belgium is a federal state, composed of the Communities and the Regions. In the following, the federal state structure is outlined and the Government of Flanders and the Flemish Parliament are discussed. The federal level The legislative power at federal level is with the Chamber of Representatives, which acts as political chamber for holding government policy to account. The Senate is the meeting place between regions and communities of the federal Belgium. Together they form the federal parliament. Elections are held every five years. The last federal elections took place in 2014. The executive power is with the federal government. This government consists of a maximum of 15 ministers. With the possible exception of the Prime Minister, the federal government is composed of an equal number of Dutch and French speakers. This can be supplemented with state secretaries. The federal legislative power is exercised by means of acts. The Government issues Royal Orders based on these. It is the King who promulgates federal laws and ratifies them. The federal government is competent for all matters relating to the general interests of all Belgians such as finance, defence, justice, social security (pensions, sickness and invalidity insurance), foreign affairs, sections of health care and domestic affairs (the federal police, oversight on the police, state security). The federal government is also responsible for nuclear energy, public-sector companies (railways, post) and federal scientific and cultural institutions. The federal government is also responsible for all things that do not expressly come under the powers of the communities and the regions. -
Volume 17 # 64 September 1995 BELGIAN LACES ISSN 1046-0462
Belgian Laces The Citadel Collegiale Notre Dame – Dinant http://www.pbase.com/isse/dinant&page=2 Volume 17 # 64 September 1995 BELGIAN LACES ISSN 1046-0462 Official Quarterly Bulletin of THE BELGIAN RESEARCHERS Belgian American Heritage Association Founded in 1976 Our principal objective is: Keep the Belgian Heritage alive in our hearts and in the hearts of our posterity President Pierre Inghels Vice-President Micheline Gaudette Assistant VP Leen Inghels Newsletter editor Leen Inghels Treasurer Marlena Bellavia Secretary Patricia Robinson All subscriptions are for the calendar year. New subscribers receive the four issues of the current year, regardless when paid. Opinions expressed in Belgian Laces are not necessarily those of The Belgian Researchers or of the staff. TABLE OF CONTENTS Dinant, Leen INGHELS 42 The Cross of Piro de Jalhay, Patti PJERROU-PAYNTER 43 Of Names and Nuns, by Hans-Michael VERMEERSCH 45 Father Gustave Adolphe VERMEERSCH, Pierre L INGHELS 46 WWII Memories, Babrabr Van de Veere 47 From Grez Doiceau to Wisconsin, by Father Jean DUCAT and Mary Ann DEFNET 49 Wisconsin Corner, Mary Ann Defnet, 50 Sheldon, NY, Jean DUCAT 51 Portrait, Greg VAN TIGHEM 52 Northwest Corner, Leen INGHELS and Greg VAN TIGHEM 53 Tongeren, Oldest Town in Belgium, Ghislain de SCHAETZEN 54 Belgian-American Heritage Society W VA, Rene ZABEAU 55 My Father the Bicycle Racer, August INGHELS 55 A Belgian Tradition, Gazette Van Detroit 56 Brussels, 300 Years Ago, Karel DENYS 56 Passenger Lists, M. GAUDETTE and H THOMAS 59 Dear Members, Summer came, gave us sunshine, heat and unusually much rain and is now on its way out already. -
Flanders Leader+ Projects Survey
V L A A N D E R E N Flanders Leader+ Projects Survey PAJOTTENLAND + [Improving the quality of life] Co-ordinator : Jos Huwaert Pajottenland+ De Pastorie Donkerstraat 21 1750 Gaasbeek Tel: #32 2 532 57 58 [email protected] www.pajottenland.be Brussels Agricultural broadening through employment – Agricultural landscape management This project aims at taking actions to stimulate agricultural nature and landscape management in the area. The preliminary activities contain an inventory of the present situation and the possibilities in the sphere of agricultural nature and landscape management in the Pajottenland and the making of an area-oriented scenario concerning agricultural nature and landscape management, offering solutions for the bottlenecks found. The long term purpose is to create a more typical landscape and to involve the farmers in the development and maintenance of it. Contact : Bart Sammels Boerenbond Diestsevest 40 3000 Leuven Tel.: #32 16 28 64 38 [email protected] The house of the living tradition Muziekmozaïek, a local association that has been organizing folk music events in Gooik for many years, is going to develop an educational centre dealing with all aspects of the folk culture of the Pajottenland (music, literature, traditional games, gastronomy, …). The centre will provide 1 V L A A N D E R E N V L A A N D E R E N Flanders Leader+ Projects Survey information (through an interactive documentation centre and museum), as well as organize concerts, exhibitions, lectures and workshops. Contact : Walter Evenepoel Muziekmozaïek Wijngaardstraat 5 1755 Gooik Tel.: #32 2 532 28 38 [email protected] www.volksmuziek.be Ironing and mending shop By setting up an ironing and mending workshop, the six OCMW’s (local public social services) of Pajottenland+ want to offer employment and training to underprivileged and low-skilled local women. -
Belgian Identity Politics: at a Crossroad Between Nationalism and Regionalism
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-2014 Belgian identity politics: At a crossroad between nationalism and regionalism Jose Manuel Izquierdo University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Human Geography Commons Recommended Citation Izquierdo, Jose Manuel, "Belgian identity politics: At a crossroad between nationalism and regionalism. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2014. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2871 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Jose Manuel Izquierdo entitled "Belgian identity politics: At a crossroad between nationalism and regionalism." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Geography. Micheline van Riemsdijk, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Derek H. Alderman, Monica Black Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Belgian identity politics: At a crossroad between nationalism and regionalism A Thesis Presented for the Master of Science Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Jose Manuel Izquierdo August 2014 Copyright © 2014 by Jose Manuel Izquierdo All rights reserved. -
'Tout-À-La-Fois Cultivateurs Et Commerçans': Smallholder and the Industrious Revolution in Eighteenth-Century Brabant
‘Tout-à-la-fois cultivateurs et commerçans’: smallholder and the Industrious Revolution in eighteenth-century Brabant* smallholders and the industrious revolution in brabant by Johan Poukens Abstract Hitherto, pessimism about the material living standards of Belgian peasants during the eighteenth century has largely dominated the historiography. This article argues for a more positive outlook on the capacity of smallholders (handwerkers) to improve their standard of living. In the duchy of Brabant in the second half of the eighteenth century they could benefit from the rising grain prices by reserving part of their land for the cultivation of wheat for urban markets. The introduction of the potato was key to this process because it freed up land formerly reserved for growing food for household consumption. I argue that their market-oriented behaviour could be characterized as an Industrious Revolution because smallholders became consumers of urban luxury items such as colonial groceries. Innkeepers in particular played a pivotal role in the diffusion of these urban consumer practices throughout the countryside. Travellers who visited the duchy of Brabant (one of the principalities in the territory of present-day Belgium) in the second half of the eighteenth century were impressed by the density of its population. Dérival de Gomicourt, who visited the province in 1782, noticed that the villages were ‘more populated and better built’ (‘plus peuplés et mieux bâtis’) there than in his native France.1 One of his countrymen had already noticed in 1768 that the entire province had the appearance of ‘a single city’ (‘une seule et même ville’) because cities, towns and villages were so close together.2 The Brabantine urbanization rates were indeed amongst the highest in Europe. -
A C T a U N I V E R S I T a T I S N I C O L a I C O P E R N I
a c t a u n i v e r s i t a t i s n i c o l a i c o p e r n i c i DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/AUNC_ZARZ.2019.019 ZARZĄDZANIE XLVI – NR 4 (2019) Pierwsza wersja złożona 21.12.2019 ISSN (print) 1689-8966 Ostatnia wersja zaakceptowana 20.05.2020 ISSN (online) 2450-7040 Marta Wiącek*1 BOTTLING INDUSTRY IN POLAND – THE PRESENT CONDITION AND PERSPECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT A b s t r a c t: The aim of this article is an attempt to identify potential perspectives for a devel- opment of the bottling sector in Poland under the conditions of changing market economy. The article’s character is strictly theoretical. The basis for analysis consist of statistical market data of marketing nature and internal materials of entities operating in the sector. Different trends that shape social and global consumer behaviors on market, such as care for a healthy lifestyle, respect for the environment, sustainable development, health-focused activity - these are needs that consumers will tend to satisfy in the near future, buying various items, including beverages. K e y w o r d s: bottling industry in Poland, determinants of development, development perspec- tives JEL Code: L160; O1; M1 INTRODUCTION The bottling industry in Central and Eastern Europe has been developed and existed for centuries. It has been changing, forced to modernizations and evolving with historical events and social changes of populations. It’s constant development is strictly ingrained and related to natural resources specially wa- ter. -
Belgian Beer Experiences in Flanders & Brussels
Belgian Beer Experiences IN FLANDERS & BRUSSELS 1 2 INTRODUCTION The combination of a beer tradition stretching back over Interest for Belgian beer and that ‘beer experience’ is high- centuries and the passion displayed by today’s brewers in ly topical, with Tourism VISITFLANDERS regularly receiving their search for the perfect beer have made Belgium the questions and inquiries regarding beer and how it can be home of exceptional beers, unique in character and pro- best experienced. Not wanting to leave these unanswered, duced on the basis of an innovative knowledge of brew- we have compiled a regularly updated ‘trade’ brochure full ing. It therefore comes as no surprise that Belgian brew- of information for tour organisers. We plan to provide fur- ers regularly sweep the board at major international beer ther information in the form of more in-depth texts on competitions. certain subjects. 3 4 In this brochure you will find information on the following subjects: 6 A brief history of Belgian beer ............................. 6 Presentations of Belgian Beers............................. 8 What makes Belgian beers so unique? ................12 Beer and Flanders as a destination ....................14 List of breweries in Flanders and Brussels offering guided tours for groups .......................18 8 12 List of beer museums in Flanders and Brussels offering guided tours .......................................... 36 Pubs ..................................................................... 43 Restaurants .........................................................47 Guided tours ........................................................51 List of the main beer events in Flanders and Brussels ......................................... 58 Facts & Figures .................................................... 62 18 We hope that this brochure helps you in putting together your tours. Anything missing? Any comments? 36 43 Contact your Trade Manager, contact details on back cover. -
Reconstructions of the Past in Belgium and Flanders
Louis Vos 7. Reconstructions of the Past in Belgium and Flanders In the eyes of some observers, the forces of nationalism are causing such far- reaching social and political change in Belgium that they threaten the cohesion of the nation-state, and may perhaps lead to secession. Since Belgian independ- ence in 1831 there have been such radical shifts in national identity – in fact here we could speak rather of overlapping and/or competing identities – that the political authorities have responded by changing the political structures of the Belgian state along federalist lines. The federal government, the Dutch-speaking Flemish community in the north of Belgium and the French-speaking commu- nity – both in the southern Walloon region and in the metropolitan area of Brus- sels – all have their own governments and institutions.1 The various actors in this federal framework each have their own conceptions of how to take the state-building process further, underpinned by specific views on Belgian national identity and on the identities of the different regions and communities. In this chapter, the shifts in the national self-image that have taken place in Belgium during its history and the present configurations of national identities and sub-state nationalism will be described. Central to this chapter is the question whether historians have contributed to the legitimization of this evolving consciousness, and if so, how. It will be demonstrated that the way in which the practice of historiography reflects the process of nation- and state- building has undergone profound changes since the beginnings of a national his- toriography. -
Beer Duty Cut for Second Year Running
CAMRA TOASTS GEORGE OSBORNE: BEER DUTY CUT FOR SECOND YEAR RUNNING CAMRA branches across the country celebrat- ed in March as Chancellor George Osborne announced a cut in beer duty for the second year running. CAMRA’s Chief Executive Mike Benner com- mented: “CAMRA is delighted to see the Chancellor im- plementing an unprecedented second consecu- tive cut of a penny in beer duty. This is not only about keeping the price of a pint affordable in British pubs but helping an industry which has and CAMRA would hope this latest vote of been in overall decline continue on its long road confidence in British pubs will go some way to recovery. to slowing the rate of closures, by encouraging more people to make use of their local this “CAMRA cares greatly about the future of the summer”. Great British pub and it is clear from this Budget announcement that the Government do too. Beer supports nearly 1 million jobs and contributes £22 billion to the UK economy, “Keeping the price of a pint affordable is vital and another cut in beer duty in 2014 will help for the long-term health of the pub sector maintain a healthier pubs sector. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ROLL UP! roLL UP! TO BRItain’S BIGGEST PUB The Great British Beer with over 350 different breweries offering 900 Festival, real ales, ciders, perries and international beers Olympia, London, 12-16 to over 50,000 thirsty beer lovers throughout August 2014 the week-long event. The festival will feature 29 bars including 11 CAMRA’s Great British brewery bars run by the Nation’s biggest and Beer Festival is nearly best brewers of real ale, plus food and merchan- here again and this year dise stalls as well as a full schedule of entertain- will be bringing a carnival atmosphere to Lon- ment on the GBBF music stage. -
The Belgian Brewery Industry in a Global Context: Business, Economics, Innovation and Culture
Course Syllabus BUS 102 The Belgian Brewery Industry in a Global Context: Business, Economics, Innovation and Culture NUMBER OF ECTS CREDITS: 6ECTS CONTACT DETAILS FOR PROFESSOR Instructor: Prof. Dr. Sven Van Kerckhoven Email: [email protected] Office hours: Monday 13.30-15.00 Course Hours: Tuesday and Thursday 14.00-18.00 COURSE DESCRIPTION Belgium is not only home to the world’s biggest brewers, but has in recent years also seen a rise of innovative micro-breweries and diversification of the beer market with potentially far-reaching implications for the business and economics of the brewery industry inside and outside the country. In November 2016, UNESCO even added ‘Belgian Beer Culture’ to the World Heritage List, highlighting the cultural importance and impact of the Belgian beer industry beyond pure business and economics. This course focuses on key principles and changes in the economics, marketing, production and innovation of the Belgian Brewery Industry in a Global Context. Taking the Belgian beer industry as a multi-faceted case study for studying core Business processes and developments in the field of the national and international beer market (including production, strategy, marketing and product innovation), this course also explores the impact of geography, culture and globalization on Belgian beer businesses and their business strategies. The course includes company visits, guest lecture series and experiential learning and provides unique insights into the major shifts and changes of major the economics and business processes related to the brewery industry. In cooperation with key experts, this summer course will also include the possibility of learning the nuts and bolts of the beer brewing process itself.