DOCSLIB.ORG

Structural Survey of the Schools Affected by Tsunami and Earthquake in Aceh Province and Nias Indonesia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Structural Survey of the Schools Affected by Tsunami and Earthquake in Aceh Province and Nias Indonesia STRUCTURAL SURVEY OF THE SCHOOLS AFFECTED BY TSUNAMI AND EARTHQUAKE IN ACEH PROVINCE AND NIAS INDONESIA - FINAL REPORT - March 2005 – February 2006 Final Report on Structural Survey of Schools: March 2005 - February 2006 TABLE OF CONTENT: Page 1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………….……. 3 2. OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED OUTPUTS OF SCHOOLS SURVEY……………………………………………………………….…….. 3 2.1. METHODOLOGY OF WORKS………………………………..…….. 3 3. ACHIEVED OUTPUTS OF SCHOOLS SURVEY………………….…......... 4 4. OBSERVATIONS ON TECHNICAL ISSUES………………………….….... 5 4.1. EXISTING SCHOOLS (STANDARDS APPLIED)………………….... 5 4.2. STRUCTURAL TYPES OF THE BUILDINGS………………........….. 6 4.3. STRUCTURAL DAMAGES ON SCHOOL BUILDINGS……………. 7 4.4. COMMON STRUCTURAL DEFICIENCIES CONTRIBUTING MOST DAMAGES..…………………..……….….. 9 4.4.1. REINFORCEMENT RELATED DEFICIENCIES……………………. 9 4.4.2. CONCRETE RELATED DEFICIENCIES…………………..………… 10 4.4.3. WOODEN STRUCTURES DEFICIENCIES………………………….. 10 4.4.4. STRUCTURAL DETAILING DEFICIENCIES……………………..… 11 4.5. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RETROFITTING……………………… 12 4.5.1. REPAIR OF CRACKS…………………………………………………. 12 4.5.2. FIXING THE CROSS WALLS TO LONG WALLS……………….….. 12 4.5.3. REBUILDING OF DAMAGED PART OF THE WALL……………… 13 4.5.4. REPAIR OF DAMAGED RING BEAMS JUNCTIONS…………….… 13 4.5.5. REPAIR OF DAMAGED CONCRETE COLUMNS……………......… 13 4.5.6. REPAIR OF DAMAGED WOODEN SEGMENTS..…………………. 14 4.6. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF NEW SCHOOLS………………………………………………...…. 15 4.6.1. NEW CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS…………………………….... 15 4.6.2. PRACTICAL IMPROVEMENT OF STRUCTURAL SEGMENTS..… 16 4.6.3. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE.…..… 17 4.6.4. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION PHASE.………..… 17 4.6.4.1. SUPERVISION OF WORKS………………………………………... 17 4.6.4.2. MATERIALS AND WORKMASHIP……………………………….. 17 4.6.4.3. CERTIFICATION AND TESTING OF MATERIALS……………… 18 5. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………...….. 19 5.1. LESSONS FROM RECENT DESTRUCTION……………………….. 19 6. ANNEXES…………………………………………………………………… 20 ANNEX 1: BUILDING STANDARDS FOR SEISMIC ZONES 4,5,6…...... 21 ANNEX 2: PHOTOS OF TYPICAL DAMAGES ON SCHOOLS……...…. 25 ANNEX 3: PHOTOS OF TYPICAL DEFICIENCIES ON SCHOOLS…..... 31 ANNEX 4: LIST OF SURVEYED SCHOOLS BY DISTRICTS………....... 34 Bojan Stajic UNOPS Construction Engineer Page: 2 Lamia Maglic UNOPS Construction Engineer Final Report on Structural Survey of Schools: March 2005 - February 2006 1. INTRODUCTION Earthquake and Tsunami that hit Aceh province in December 26th 2004 but also earthquake that hit Nias in March 28th 2005, caused unprecedented devastation of housing, social and communal infrastructure and huge human casualties. Hundreds of schools throughout Aceh Province and Nias were damaged or destroyed. Ministry of National Education (MoNE, figures from June 2005) estimates that 2.269 schools out of total 5.565 in Aceh Province were damaged. 309 SDN and MIN primary schools suffered light damages, further 494 were heavyly damaged, 235 were totally destroyed. In Nias heavy damages were reported on 413 SDN and MIN schools. The learning capacities were severely reduced, remaining learning facilities endangered. Together with material damages, there were huge casualties both among students and teachers. In new situation, approximately 177.000 students needed learning facilities. About 400.000 persons had to move to other locations as Internally Displaced Persons. In order to continue lectures, in many remaining schools classes were regrouped, more classes attended lessons in one class room etc. In order to plan and coordinate necessary actions towards ensuring safety for students in remaining schools, there was urgent need to survey all schools and provide figures about real state of facilities in new situation. Remaining schools had to be surveyed in order to identify potentially unsafe ones and determine those to be rehabilitated or reconstructed in order to enable continuation of education process. All figures necessary to plan further actions on provision of safe school spaces had to be compiled in short time. In co-ordination with Department of Education, short after disaster, UNICEF started the structural survey of the schools in Aceh Province through cooperation with UNOPS, whose team of structural engineers commenced survey in late March 2005. 2. OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED OUTPUTS OF SCHOOLS SURVEY 2.1. METHODOLOGY OF WORK • Field visit of schools • Visual observation with recording of photos • Detection of damages • Analysis of cause of damages • Assessment of safety condition in every class room and other school rooms • Warning of schools authorities on site in case of unsafe rooms • Recommending of necessary actions: rehabilitation/reconstruction • Reporting to UNICEF/UNOPS on survey findings: unsafe rooms and recommended activities Many schools had already been surveyed by DoE, NGOs or other state institutions teams, however compiled reports about structural conditions and level of damage on these schools were confusing and not reliable and had to be checked again. Targeted category of schools to be surveyed were all SDN and MIN schools in use. Priority was to identify unsafe schools or rooms within the schools and to issue warning through UNICEF to school authorities and Department of Education. In case of condemning the schools, after approval by DoE, Bojan Stajic UNOPS Construction Engineer Page: 3 Lamia Maglic UNOPS Construction Engineer Final Report on Structural Survey of Schools: March 2005 - February 2006 students would be evacuated from unsafe school and the temporary schools (in the beginning tents, later prefabricated buildings) would be erected to enable continuation of lectures out of unsafe buildings until new permanent school is completed. Since the most affected areas by Tsunami and earthquakes were Banda Aceh, Aceh Barat, Aceh Besar, Aceh Jaya, Nagan Raja, Pidie and Nias, survey of the schools was focused on these districts. Together with structural survey of the schools aiming to identify unsafe learning spaces and those for rehabilitation or new construction, the intention was also to provide accurate findings about construction failures contributing severe damages. These findings would enable to determine corrective measures in rehabilitation and reconstruction of damaged schools also learn about failures in previous construction practices allowing destruction of the schools and which improvements are needed for construction of new ones. Beside schools damaged by Tsunami, also those deep inland, damaged by earthquake were to be surveyed. 3. ACHIEVED OUTPUTS OF SCHOOLS SURVEY From March 2005 till February 2006, UNOPS Structural Engineers surveyed 428 schools. The structural survey of the schools was performed in districts Banda Aceh, Aceh Barat, Aceh Besar, Aceh Jaya, Nagan Raja, Pidie, Nias and Nias Selatan.These districts were the most affected and survey of the schools was focused on them. Together with SDN and MIN that were targeted category, 51 SMAN, SMPS and SMPN schools were surveyed. Out of 428 surveyed schools, 212 schools were found to need rehabilitation, 154 to need reconstruction, 56 to need both rehabilitation and reconstruction (schools with more buildings of different level of damages), only 6 schools needed no activity. These figures are presented in following table: District Banda Aceh Aceh Aceh Nagan Nias Pidie Aceh Besar Barat Jaya Raya and Nias Selatan Surveyed 107 136 53 21 22 80 9 schools Rehabilitation 69 90 22 6 12 9 4 Reconstruction 31 29 24 12 5 51 2 Rehabilitation/ 7 11 7 3 5 20 3 Reconstruction No activity 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 Together with determining of activities that need to be undertaken, the safety conditions were inspected on each school. The schools were declared as UNSAFE, PARTS UNSAFE, GOOD, * GOOD, PARTS DESTROYED, DESTROYED, depending on scale and type of destruction and estimate that some class rooms or entire school can collapse. Out of total of 428 surveyed schools, 25 were declared as UNSAFE, meaning that classes were still ongoing in entirely unsafe buildings (close to collapse) in the time of structural survey. In such cases Bojan Stajic UNOPS Construction Engineer Page: 4 Lamia Maglic UNOPS Construction Engineer Final Report on Structural Survey of Schools: March 2005 - February 2006 the school authorities were warned immediately on site, Department of Education through UNICEF. This and other safety categories are presented in “Lists of surveyed schools by Districts”, given in ANNEX 4 of this report. Exact lists of the schools to be surveyed were composed in co-operation between UNICEF and Government (Department of Education and BRR). The survey performed was of “quick assessment” type, meaning visual inspection of the schools, with identification and defining the level of damage on site. Following intention to improve the general condition of schools where needed, besides structural safety of them, also other non-structural items (conditions of toilets, sanitation and water supply, capacities of teachers accommodation-houses in remote schools, roofs, eaves and ceilings conditions etc.) were inspected and findings included in reports. For each surveyed school, the numbers of photos were taken for reports and files. The findings of all 428 surveyed schools were presented in 24 reports, submitted to UNICEF. The list of surveyed schools with findings and recommendations is given in Annex to this report. ANNEX 1 to this report is matrix with new construction standards, ANNEX 2 is photo presentation of most common structural damages on schools, ANNEX 3 is photo presentation of most common deficiencies in construction, which
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Investigation of Proxemics Behavior Among Acehnese in Public Places
    An Investigation of Proxemics Behavior among Acehnese in Public Places 1Rusma Setiyana, 2Nyak Mutia Ismail , 3Endah Annisa Rahma, and 4Faizatul Husna 1Department of Economic Management, Faculty of Economy, University of Teuku Umar, Meulaboh 23615, Indonesia., 2Department of English Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia., 3Department of Aquatic Resource Management, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, University of Teuku Umar, Meulaboh 23615, Indonesia., 4Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Science, University of Teuku Umar, Meulaboh 23615, Indonesia. email: [email protected] Received: 07-01-2018 Accepted: 09-01-2018 Published: 21-07-2018 An Investigation of Proxemic Behavior Among Acehnese in Public Places Rusma Setiyana1, Nyak Mutia Ismail 2, Endah Annisa Rahma3, and Faizatul Husna4 1Economic Management Department, Faculty of Economy, University of Teuku Umar, Meulaboh 23615, Indonesia. 2English Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia. 3Aquatic Resource Management Department, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, University of Teuku Umar, Meulaboh 23615, Indonesia. 4Sociology Department, Faculty of Social and Political Science, University of Teuku Umar, Meulaboh 23615, Indonesia. [email protected] Abstract: It is assumed that Acehnese do not make use of personal space during interactions. This study aims to investigate the proximity levels used by Acehnese people when communicating with other people. The observation approach was used to collect data with people who were in natural interaction in public places as the participant. The data were pictured and kept anonymous in regards of ethical codes maintained in research. The results show that there are three conditions obtained from this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Minister George Yeo Hands Over Meulaboh General Hospital to Indonesian Authorities in Aceh
    PRESS RELEASE For immediate release Minister George Yeo hands over Meulaboh General Hospital to Indonesian Authorities in Aceh Singapore, 2 July 2010 – Singapore-Indonesia bilateral ties were further cemented when Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr George Yeo handed over the S$12 million Meulaboh General Hospital to the Indonesian health authorities in a ceremony attended by 500 guests in West Aceh today. The Meulaboh General Hospital is a collaborative effort by the Singapore Red Cross (SRC), Temasek Holdings and the Government of Singapore. As it is the main referral hospital serving a population of more than 200,000 in South and West Aceh, the community hospital remained operational throughout the construction. Rebuilt and refurbished at its original site spanning two hectares, the 146-bed Meulaboh General Hospital will be staffed by 400 healthcare professionals. The enhanced facilities and increased capacity will meet the growing needs of Acehnese for quality healthcare. (Refer to Annex B) The handover of the Meulaboh General Hospital marks the closure of the Tidal Waves Asia Fund, which SRC and its Tsunami Reconstruction Facilitation Committee (TRFC) have managed since January 2005. To date, close to 70 projects on healthcare, education, housing and community, and economic recovery and livelihood have been successfully implemented in Indonesia, Sri Lanka and the Maldives. (Refer to Annex C) Mr Tee Tua Ba, Chairman of the Singapore Red Cross led the Singapore entourage comprising SRC project teams and the Singapore media, to Meulaboh yesterday. The group also visited other Singapore funded projects. They included the Meulaboh Pier (a G2G project), a kindergarten, orphanages as well as housing, water supply and sanitation facilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Evacuation Shelter Building Planning for Tsunami-Prone Area; a Case Study of Meulaboh City, Indonesia
    Evacuation Shelter Building Planning for Tsunami-prone Area; a Case Study of Meulaboh City, Indonesia Amin Budiarjo March, 2006 Evacuation Shelter Building Planning for Tsunami-prone Area; a Case Study of Meulaboh City, Indonesia by Amin Budiarjo Thesis submitted to the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, Specialisation: Urban Planning Thesis Assessment Board Dr. R.V. Sliuzas (Chairman) Dr. T. de Jong (External Examiner) MSc. M. Kuffer (First Supervisor) Drs. M.C.J. Damen (Second Supervisor) INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION ENSCHEDE, THE NETHERLANDS Disclaimer This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute. Abstract This research aims at developing a method to determine possible allocation of evacuation shelter buildings (ESB) using geo-information technology as a part of urban reconstruction planning in a tsunami-prone urban area; case study is of Meulaboh City, Aceh, Indonesia. Initiated by the great earthquake of Mw=9.3 in the northwest of Sumatra island, Indonesia, the devastating tsunami of December 26, 2004 has become the most important research topic in tsunami research and disaster mitigation efforts today. Disaster mitigation aspects, including minimising casualties, will be part of the reconstruction planning of the tsunami-affected areas. The main effort in minimising casualties in tsunami disaster is to evacuate people from the hazard area before tsunami strikes by means of either horizontal or vertical evacuation.
    [Show full text]
  • Tsunami Mortality in Aceh Province, Indonesia Shannon Doocy,A Abdur Rofi,B Claire Moodie,C Eric Spring,C Scott Bradley,C Gilbert Burnhama & Courtland Robinson A
    Tsunami mortality in Aceh Province, Indonesia Shannon Doocy,a Abdur Rofi,b Claire Moodie,c Eric Spring,c Scott Bradley,c Gilbert Burnhama & Courtland Robinson a Objective Nine tsunami-affected districts in Aceh, Indonesia, were surveyed between February and August 2005 to characterize tsunami mortality. Methods The surveys employed a two-stage cluster methodology with probability proportional to size sampling, and encompassed 1653 tsunami-displaced households with a pre-tsunami population of 10 063 individuals. Findings Of the original pre-tsunami population, a total of 1642 people, or 17%, were reported as dead or missing in the tsunami. Crude mortality rates in the four survey areas ranged from a high of 23.6% in Aceh Jaya district on the west coast to 5.3% on the east coast. Age-specific mortality rates followed a similar pattern across the four survey areas, with the highest mortality concentrating in the youngest children (aged 0–9 years) and oldest adults (70+). The risk of mortality was significantly greater among females than males; this difference was most pronounced among individuals between ages 10 and 69 years, and diminished among younger and older age groups. Conclusion Mortality risk in the 2004 Asian tsunami varied by geographic location, age and sex. The districts of Aceh Jaya, Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar experienced the greatest mortality. Risk of death was highest among females, and among the oldest and youngest population subgroups. While the full human impact of the Asian tsunami in Aceh Province, in terms of lives lost or damaged, may never be fully measured, the resulting female deficit will likely be the tsunami’s most deeply felt and prolonged impact.
    [Show full text]
  • FINAL KNKT.17.08.25.04 Aircraft Accident Investigation Report
    KOMITE NASIONAL KESELAMATAN TRANSPORTASI REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA FINAL KNKT.17.08.25.04 Aircraft Accident Investigation Report PT. Lion Mentari Airlines PT. Wings Abadi Airlines and Boeing 737-900ER; PK-LJZ ATR 72-500; PK-WFF Kualanamu International Airport, Medan Republic of Indonesia 3 August 2017 2018 This Final Report was produced by the Komite Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi (KNKT), Transportation Building, 3rd Floor, Jalan Medan Merdeka Timur No. 5 Jakarta 10110, Indonesia. The report is based upon the investigation carried out by the KNKT in accordance with Annex 13 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation Organization, the Indonesian Aviation Act (UU No. 1/2009) and Government Regulation (PP No. 62/2013). Readers are advised that the KNKT investigates for the sole purpose of enhancing aviation safety. Consequently, the KNKT reports are confined to matters of safety significance and may be misleading if used for any other purpose. As the KNKT believes that safety information is of greatest value if it is passed on for the use of others, readers are encouraged to copy or reprint for further distribution, acknowledging the KNKT as the source. When the KNKT makes recommendations as a result of its investigations or research, safety is its primary consideration. However, the KNKT fully recognizes that the implementation of recommendations arising from its investigations will in some cases incur a cost to the industry. Readers should note that the information in KNKT reports and recommendations is provided to promote aviation safety. In no case is it intended to imply blame or liability. Jakarta, April 2018 KOMITE NASIONAL KESELAMATAN TRANSPORTASI Chairman SOERJANTO TJAHJONO TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Reducing Carbon Emissions from Deforestation in the Ulu Masen Ecosystem, Aceh, Indonesia
    Reducing Carbon Emissions from Deforestation in the Ulu Masen Ecosystem, Aceh, Indonesia ~ A Triple-Benefit Project Design Note for CCBA Audit ~ Submitted By: The Provincial Government of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Aceh) Contact: Teuku Pasya Rafli, [email protected], +62 (0) 817 175377 In collaboration with: Fauna & Flora International FFI Contact: Graham Usher, [email protected], +62 (0)812 669 0434 & Carbon Conservation Pty. Ltd Contact: John O Niles*, [email protected], +1-805-252-6777 * Primary Contact Resubmitted December 29, 2007 1 Executive Summary This project will develop and test carbon finance mechanisms to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, contribute to sustainable economic and social development and conserve biodiversity over the next 30 years. The project will use land use planning and reclassification, increased monitoring and law enforcement, reforestation, restoration, and sustainable community logging on 750,000 ha of forest in the Ulu Masen Ecosystem and peripheral forest blocks located in the Indonesian Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (hereafter referred to as Aceh Province). The project estimates proposed activities will reduce deforestation in the area by 85% and 3,369,848 tons of CO2 emissions can be avoided each year. Adequate carbon finance is essential for this project to succeed. This Project Design Note is intended to provide a qualified CCBA auditor with sufficient information to make informed decision on whether the project passes CCBA validation, and if so at what level (basic, silver or gold). The project will be undertaken by the Government of Aceh and its institutions, with expected endorsement and support of the national Government of Indonesia (GOI) and relevant agencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Relationship of Action, Speed and Environment Toward
    NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 6, June -2020 RELATIONSHIP OF ACTION, SPEED AND ENVIRONMENT TOWARD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN THE TYPE C TERMINAL OF MEULABOH, ACEH BARAT REGENCY SUSY SRIWAHYUNI, YOLANDA OKTARIA, ISHALYADI, MUHAMMAD IQBAL FAHLEVI Faculty of Public Health of Universitas Teuku Umar, Jl Alue Peunyareng, 23615, Aceh Barat, Indonesia *[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], m. [email protected] ABSTRACT: cooperate with each other in providing Traffic accidents according to the information about factors related to traffic World Health Organization are unforeseen accidents as well. events that cause injuries, damage, and also KEYWORDS: action, speed, environment, losses to their owners (victims) and can vehicle feasibility, driver. cause death or injuries both minor and severe injuries. The number of passenger INTRODUCTION: car accidents from Aceh Barat to Banda Aceh Every traffic accident is usually caused by via the Aceh Barat - Aceh Jaya crossing is several factors that arise such as human factors, high. From 2018 with 62 cases (63.86%) and vehicle factors, road / environmental factors or 2019 with 64 cases (65.92%) from January a combination of these factors. The factors that to August. The high number of cases was determine the high number of accidents and the influenced by driver action, speed, and severity of accident victims are human factors environment in the type C terminal of that contribute as much as 80% -90%, vehicle Meulaboh. The purpose of study was factors as much as 4%, road factors as much as determine to relationship Action, Speed and 3%, and environmental factors as much as 1% Environment toward Traffic Accidents in the (Irianto.
    [Show full text]
  • Organization Project ACDI/VOCA Economic Recovery Through Community Action ACTED Emergency Assistance to Shelter and Water and Sanitation Systems Rehabilitation in Kec
    BRR – List of Approved Projects Organization Project ACDI/VOCA Economic recovery through community action ACTED Emergency assistance to shelter and water and sanitation systems rehabilitation in Kec. Lahewa, Kab. Nias ACTED Support to recovery of fishery economic activity in Kec. Samatiga, Kab. Aceh Barat Action Contre la Faim Water and Sanitation Action Contre la Faim Food Security AMURT Permanent TK Bada AMURT Permanent TK Peukan Bada AMURT Permanent SDN1 Peukan Bada Asian Development Bank Community Water Services and Health Aceh/Nias-North Sumatra Project Asian Development Bank Earthquake and Tsunami Emergency Support Project (ETESP) – HOUSING component Asian Development Bank Earthquake and Tsunami Emergency Support Project (ETESP) Asian Development Bank Earthquake and Tsunami Emergency Support Project (ETESP) Asian Development Bank Earthquake and Tsunami Emergency Support Project (ETESP) Asian Development Bank Earthquake and Tsunami Emergency Support Project (ETESP) AUSTCARE Lam Bada Lhok Community Livelihoods AUSTCARE Secondary Crop Farming in Pidie District Australia Indonesia Partnership Support to local governance in Aceh for Reconstruction and Development (AIPRD) Australia Indonesia Partnership Aceh Rehabilitation Program: Education Sector Assistance for Reconstruction and Development (AIPRD) Australian Agency for Hospital Restoration International Development (AusAID) CARITAS Sustainable Livelihoods and Strengthening Community Organizations in Kecamatan Jaya Caritas Czech Republic MAN2 School reconstruction Catholic Relief Services
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Ocean Earthquake- Tsunami Emergency
    Indian Ocean Earthquake- Tsunami Emergency One-Year Progress Report January– December 2005 Flash Appeal ithin the days following the earthquake and tsunami disaster of 26 December 2004, Requirements UNHCR swiftly mobilized its emergency resources to provide immediate assistance (Revised March 05) W in Indonesia and Sri Lanka. Although UNHCR is not traditionally involved in natural disasters, the sheer magnitude of the devastation, the fact that UNHCR had on-the-ground Indonesia presence and emergency capacities to respond swiftly, and that many of the affected popula- US$ 59,800,000 tions are of concern to the Office, prompted a positive reply to the request by the UN Country Somalia Team for UNHCR’s involvement. UNHCR is therefore participating in an inter-agency re- US$ 1,500,000 sponse to this natural disaster on an exceptional basis. Sri Lanka US$ 15,351,540 The Flash Appeal of 6 January 2005 called for US$ 977 million to assist some 5 million af- Regional projects fected people in a 6 months’ period. UNHCR’s requirements were US$ 75.8 million for its US$ 200,000 activities in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Somalia, focusing on the delivery of non-food house- Total US$ 76,851,540 hold items, the provision of temporary family shelter, and the reconstruction of houses. The Flash Appeal came out 11 days after the devastating earthquake. Assessments con- ducted during this period were inevitably not comprehensive enough to establish global and Flash Appeal for Indian accurate needs. Also as the situation evolved, there was a recognition at an early stage that a Ocean Earthquake - Tsunami and its Mid- revision of the Appeal would be necessary.
    [Show full text]
  • OPERATION FLYING EAGLE SAF Humanitarian Assistance After the Tsunami
    REACHING OUT OPERATION FLYING EAGLE SAF Humanitarian Assistance after the Tsunami By courtesy of SPH – The New Paper. Photo by Mohd Ishak Samon. A Republic of Singapore Air Force C-130 Hercules transport plane from 122 Squadron warms up at Sultan Iskandar Muda Airport. The earthquake put the airport’s control tower out of action and aircrews had to keep a sharp lookout for other aircraft and helicopters that streamed in and out of the SNP • EDITIONS congested airport. Another hazard: civilians who crowded grassy areas fringing the airport’s flightline and taxiways, an imprint of hoping for a flight out of the ruined city. SNP•INTERNATIONAL REACHING OUT Operation Flying Eagle Foreword Contents 4 5 Foreword 06 Nature’s fury unleashed 08 The eagle stirs 24 Mission checklist 38 Moving into uncharted territory 54 Making a difference 78 Transition to recovery 98 Reflections and homecoming 114 Mission accomplished 128 RSS Endurance (207), RSS Endeavour (210) and RSS Persistence (209) off the coast of Meulaboh in western Sumatra on 18 January 2005. This photo captures a historic moment for the Navy as it marked the fi rst time all four Landing Ships Tank (LSTs) were deployed for operations outside Singapore. The fourth LST, RSS Resolution (208), was then in the Northern Arabian Gulf. REACHING OUT Operation Flying Eagle Foreword This book is dedicated to December 26, 2004 will be remembered by The SAF moved swiftly into action and launched Operation colleagues from the Home Team and many willing volunteers. people around the world for years to come. Flying Eagle. Standby teams were deployable within 24 hours, Their efforts helped restore the lives of the people of Meulaboh, the men and women in MINDEF The powerful earthquake and tsunamis which struck and teams which were specially assembled for the disaster Banda Aceh and Phuket.
    [Show full text]
  • After the Tsunami: Human Rights of Vulnerable Populations
    INDONESIA David Cohen,• Aviva Nababan,* Agung Widjaya+1 I. INTRODUCTION On Sunday morning, December 26, 2004, around 8:00 a.m. local time, Juanda and Embong had just fi nished a report they worked all night to complete in the People’s Crisis Center (PCC) Offi ce in Banda Aceh, and decided to walk to a nearby market to buy some breakfast. Suddenly the earth shook mightily, preventing the two men from walking. Embong could only watch as a two-story building slowly collapsed and shattered. Everyone ran out from the buildings, their panic intensifi ed by seeing waves as high as 20 meters approaching the road. The population ran without direction. Juanda and Embong tried to run to the Merduati area, where Embong’s house was, remembering that Embong’s father was sick and resting at home. But in seconds they were swallowed up by the waves. They survived by hanging on to an electricity pole, and could only watch as children, women and senior citizens were swept away by the waters and drowned. It was as if doomsday had come. People were screaming prayers, and chaos was everywhere. Two hours later, the two men climbed down, swam, and later walked to the site of the PCC offi ce, which was gone. They immediately went to Merduati village, and stopped when they came across a body. As Embong hugged the corpse of his father, whom he had been unable to rescue, they cried and called upon Allah’s name. Unfortunately, this heart-wrenching story is similar to those of thousands of tsunami victims in Aceh.
    [Show full text]
  • Quick Medical Aid Helped Ward Off Epidemics That Could Have Arisen in Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster
    www.asiabiotech.com Special Report Quick Medical Aid Helped Ward Off Epidemics That Could Have Arisen in Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster by T C Lai n the wake of last year’s December 26th Indian Ocean tsunami, nations affected by it were left to count the costs of the disaster. Many lives were I lost, livelihoods interrupted and property and infrastructure destroyed. Even as this story was being written the costs were still being measured: How many have died; what will happen to the fishing industry along the coasts; how are the wrecked towns and villagers going to be rebuilt; how are the lives of the survivors, so fractured by loss of kin and property, going to be pieced together ever again? At the time of press, 226,000 people have perished. As the situation stabilizes, a more accurate picture of the number of lives lost will emerge putting to rest accusations of double-reporting and hysterical accounting. And it appears that things are finally settling down, with fears of aftershocks diminishing, and the many affected receiving the aid they need. Relief operations are moving from providing immediate aid to giving assistance in rebuilding. And so, many foreign military helpers, such as those from the US and Singapore, who were quick to respond when the disaster struck, are preparing to leave. Said Admiral Thomas Fargo, commander-in-chief of the US Pacific Command: “No deadlines or datelines have been established. My observation here is that we are pretty much past the immediate relief phase and are rapidly moving towards rehabilitation and reconstruction.” The initial fears of a disease epidemic due to the high number of corpses in the open and of drinking contaminated water appear to be unwarranted.
    [Show full text]