Mino Da Fiesole a Conquis Son Immortalité

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Mino Da Fiesole a Conquis Son Immortalité n 5 1 as sa Au comme cement du quinzième ecle , se p à Flo rence un événement qui devait avoir une influence dé fi n iti ve sur les destinées de la ville et sur le développement des arts . Cosme de Médicis, le Père de la Patrie , après avoir gagné ’ l e5 p rit du peuple par ses m ag n ifi c e n ce s et détruit le pouvoir de ses ennemis par la sagesse et la force , établissait le c o m t a pouvoir de sa famille , qui p parmi les plus glorieuses dynasties de la renaissance italienne et dont l ’ éclat se pro pagea presque sans interruption j usqu ’ aux dernières dé - a cadences du dix huiti ème siècle . Connaiss nt les tendances ’ de ses concitoyens et l e 5 p rit si vif et si délicat de la ’ fl o r e n ti n e populace , il commença par s entourer des plus illustres savants du siècle et par appeler so u s ses ordres ’ toute une armée d artistes , peintres , sculpteurs ou archi t ec t e s , qui décorèrent les vieilles églises et les anciens palais ou en bâtirent de nouveaux , où les cinq boules des Médicis M INO DA F IE SO L E commencèrent à rayonner comme des astres nouveaux sur le bleu firmament de leurs écussons héraldiques . E n fi o r en tin a a r fai bon sceptique , Cosme de Médicis sav it p tement bien à quoi s ’ en tenir quant aux vivats et aux enthousiasmes des />a ZZescà i : il préférait confier la gloire de sa famille à quelque chose de plus durable que les discours des orateurs ou les louanges des humanistes et ’ il répét a it non sans amertume qu il ne resterait de lui ‘ ‘ e/z e u ell e oche r el i u ie cÆe e lz a veva m u m zo et des siens Q p ç g . Pour bâtir ces quelques souvenirs et pour les décorer ’ a - e s e n t o u r a j outerai j , il des artistes les plus illustres , qui vivaient en ces temps à Florence et dans les petites villes ' toscanes . Cosme de Médicis fut quelque chose de plus ’ que le simple fondateur d une dynastie : il p e rs o n ifi e en quelque sorte le génie même de la renaissance naissante ’ et c est à lui principalement pour ne pas dire exc lu s i vement que les écrivains et les artistes de tout genre durent cet éclat qui préluda à la Splendeur magnifique ’ a . de la grand e ren issance Mais l ami des Marsilio Ficino , M a r s u i n i des Leonardo Bruni , des p p , de toute cette élite ’ d hu m a n i s t e s lat o n i s an t s p , avait compris dès la première heure l ’ importance qu ’ avait le prestige des arts sur une a n population ussi intellectuelle que la fi o r e nti e . Aucune dépense ne lui semblait trop grande pour ce but p r o fo n dément p olitique : il fall a it con quérir le peuple p ar la ma n ifi c e n c e g et gagner les esprits par la force de la beauté , ' cette m s s uÿer ôa f o r m a e qui devait être une des règles fon ’ ’ ’ d a m e n t ale s de l humanisme . C est pour cela qu en vingt ’ se p t a n s de puis 1 4 3 4 j usqu à 1 4 6 1 les Médicis dép e n M INO D A F1 ES0 LE 3 ’ s erent en différentes œuvres d art six cent mille fi o r in s ce qui fait environ trente millions de francs . Une somme ’ folle , au taux de l argent dans les premières années du quinzième siècle . Mais il faut aj outer que vers 1 4 5 0 la plupart des grands é a monuments de cette époque avaient été e xécut s . Don tello , u e r c1a e Michelozzo , j acopo della Q , Ghib rti , Bernardo Ros sellino , Agostino di Duccio , avaient rempli les églises de la ’ — d u r Toscane et des Ro m agn e s de leurs chefs œ v e . À Rome Simone Ghi n i et Filar è t e avaient apporté cette première ’ lueur de ren a issance qui devait plus tard produire l éclosion a f m gnifique de Pie I I et de Sixte IV . Presque tous les che s ’ d oeuvre de cette époque datent de 1 4 0 0 à 1 4 5 0 . Le tom beau du Pape j ean XXIII par D onatello et Michelozzo est de 1 4 1 8 ; les portes du B ap ti st è r e de Florence par Ghiberti ‘ ‘ furent achevées en 1 4 5 2 ; le Sa n Gzoaggzo du Donatello est de 1 4 1 6 ; le tombeau de Leonardo Bruni par B ern a rdo Ros ‘ sellino de 1 4 4 4 ; tandis que la Ca 7ztor za de la cathédrale de ’ Florence par Luca della Robbia est de 1 4 3 1 . Et l on pour rait continuer dans cette revue sommaire des œuvres d ’ art à produites Florence .et dans les différentes villes de la s iè Toscane , pendant la première moitié du quinzième cle . Ces artistes merveilleux avaient retrouvé une j eu nesse a nouvelle . Protégés par un seigneur m gnifique , vivant dans un milieu intellectuel et raffiné , ayant comme conseillers ces esprits charmants et profonds à la fois qui furent les néo platoniciens amis du grand Cosme , ils purent dévelop per sans crainte leurs admir a bles facultés intellectuelles . Il faut rechercher dans les chroniques d e cette période prép a ra 4 M INO DA FIESOLE toire les détails de la vie que menait un grand seigneur ! florentin au commencement du XV siècle . Gagnés par ’ T o r n ab u o n i l exemple des Médicis les , les Strozzi , les Ru a cell i , commençaient a apprécier ce culte de la Beauté b que les philosophes et les savants , chassés de la cour y z an tin e par les Turcs , avaient rapporté de Constantinople f comme un trésor . Les bij oux , les étof es précieuses , les broderies enrichissaient leurs demeures seigneuriales . Leurs ’ femmes avaient une cour de poètes et d artistes . j amais , ’ ’ — peut être , dans l histoire humaine si ce n est de nos j ours la femme n ’ avait j oué un plus grand rôle dans ’ ’ l évolution politique et esthéti que d une ville . Il suffit de songer à l ’ influence exercée par Isotta da Rimini et plus Ro m a n es tard par Catherine Sforza dans les g , ou bien par T o rn ab u o n i cette Lucrezia , qui fut la mère de Laurent de Médicis , dans la ville de Florence , pour comprendre et aimer toutes ces figures pensives et délicates qui peu l en t Go z z oli p les grandes fresques des Benozzo , des Pinto r i c chi o . et des Ghirlandajo , comme en un cortège glorieux Poètes comme la T o r n ab u o n i ou guerrières comme Pan t asil e a P a n l a s ilea ur en s Malatesta, qui fut nommée f pour ’ d a maz o n es avoir organisé tout un escadron , les femmes du xv ° siècle sont vraiment dignes de la gloire d ’ avoir ’ inspiré les artistes de cette épo que , unique dans l histoire de la pensée humaine . E t en effet , nous les retrouvons un peu toutes dans les table aux ou dans les bas - reliefs des artistes de la première ’ renaissance . Dans aucune autre période de l histoire de ’ ’ l a rt le par a dis n a été peuplé par des femmes vivantes M INO DA FIESOLE 5 " comme au xv siècle . Ces artistes et ces poètes nous ont créé des paradis artificiels , où , sur des pelouses toujours a vertes , se promènent des nges et des saintes que tout le « monde peut reconnaître . Voilà les idoles que vous avez ’ mis dans mon temple deva it s é c ri e r dans son mysticisme i c o n o cl as tiqu e Frère j erome Savonarola : mais les sermons de l ’ ardent apôtre ne pouvaient guère avoir une influence a t considérable sur cette société brill nte , élégan e , raffinée bi et corrompue , qui semble Vivre encore dans les pages z ar r es et subtiles de ce bréviaire esthétique qui fut le ” ’ Son e de g Or , c est au milieu de cette société que naquit et se développa un artiste qui , sans être aussi grand à à que ses contemporains , est parvenu charmer , travers ’ les siècles , l esprit des esthètes et des rêveurs . Mino da f de Fiesole , en effet , exerce sur nous cette in luence la ’ quelle personne n a p u se délivrer . Tout en lui recon naissant ses maladresses de dessin , ses ingénuités de com s position , ses fautes de per pective , les différents critiques ’ d art qui se sont occupés de son oeuvre restent subj ugués par le charme invincible de ses Madones pleines d ’ él e ’ ’ gance et de rêve . C est que , tout médiocre sculpteur qu il soit , il nous représente un côté particulier de cette renais sance splendide .
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