rvin bse g S O ys th t r e a m E THE EARTH OBSERVER A Bimonthly EOS Publication July/August 1999 Vol. 11 No. 4 In this issue EDITOR’S CORNER Michael King SCIENCE TEAM MEETINGS EOS Senior Project Scientist Minutes of The Fifteenth Earth Science Enterprise/Earth Observing System (ESE/EOS) Investigators Working In the past month, the 1999 EOS Reference Handbook was completed and is now Group (IWG) Meeting ......................... 6 being printed. The purpose of this Reference Handbook is to provide a broad overview of the Earth Observing System (EOS) program to both the science SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment community and others interested in NASA’s Earth Science Enterprise (ESE). (SORCE) Science Team Meeting..... 18 This edition includes a brief history of EOS from its inception, science CEOS Working Group on Calibration objectives, mission elements, planned launch schedules, descriptions of each and Validation Meeting on Digital instrument and interdisciplinary science investigation, background informa- Elevation Models and Terrain tion on team members and investigators, international and interagency Parameters ....................................... 19 cooperative efforts, and information on the EOS Data and Information System SCIENCE ARTICLES (EOSDIS). A number of figures and tables are included to enhance the Status of NASA’s Earth Science Enter- reader’s understanding of the EOS and ESE programs. It is available electroni- prise: A Presentation by Dr. Ghassem cally from http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/ eos_homepage/misc_html/ Asrar, Associate Administrator for Earth refbook.html, and will be available in hard copy by September 30. Copies may Science, NASA Headquarters ............ 3 be obtained by sending e-mail to Lee McGrier at [email protected]. NASA EOS Validation via SAFARI nasa.gov. 2000: Preparing the Way .................. 21 The EOS Project Science Office has completed an Educational CD-ROM SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere entitled Welcome to NASA’s Earth Science Enterprise, which provides educators, ADditional OZonesondes): A New Ozonesonde Data Set for the Earth students, and the general public with an overview of the latest research Science Community ......................... 27 related to our global environment, while providing the necessary background material to comprehend these studies. The CD-ROM is divided into four main Pre-Launch Validation Activities sections: Land, Sea, Ice, and Air. In addition, there are overviews of EOS for the MODIS Snow and Sea Ice Algorithms ........................................ 31 spacecraft and instruments, remote sensing, a description of what EOS will measure (the EOS 24 measurements), and a description of why and how we ANNOUNCEMENTS will study the Earth. Accompanying this CD-ROM is an Activity Supplement Landsat 7 Team Receives The American (Teacher’s Guide) which, together with the CD-ROM, enables students and Institute Of Aeronautics Space System teachers to further their comprehension of seven topics highlighted on the Award ................................................. 2 CD-ROM, including ozone, clouds, volcanoes, El Niño, sea level, sea ice, and Earth Science Education Program deforestation. Copies of the CD-ROM and accompanying Activity Supple- Update ............................................. 36 ment can be obtained by sending e-mail to Lee McGrier at lmcgrier@pop900. gsfc.nasa.gov. EOS Scientists in the News ............. 37 Calendars ......................................... 39 The SeaWinds scatterometer began global observing mode from the QuikScat satellite on July 15. Initial calibration analyses have resulted in global back- Information/Comments ....... Back cover THE EARTH OBSERVER scatter accuracies of ~0.3 dB and ocean community. These teams are expected to vector wind accuracies of <2 m s-1 in wind deliver their ATBDs to the Project Science Landsat 7 Team Receives speed and <20° in wind direction with Office by December 15. Following these The American Institute Of respect to operational global surface wind written evaluations, an oral portion of this Aeronautics Space analyses. SeaWinds maps winds over review will be conducted in February. ~93% of the ice-free oceans daily. Follow- These documents, developed for each data System Award ing intensive, detailed validation by the product, consist of a detailed physical and science team, it is expected that SeaWinds mathematical description of the algorithm, — Lynn Chandler (Lynn.Chandler.1@gsfc. nasa.gov), Goddard Space Flight global backscatter and ocean vector wind variance or uncertainty estimates, and Center measurements will be available to the practical considerations, such as calibra- operational and research communities in tion and validation, exception handling, The Landsat Project Government-Industry November 1999, with a fully reprocessed quality assessments and diagnostics. Team has been selected to receive the American Institute of Aeronautics Space data set available in January 2000 through Systems Award for 1999. The award will be PODAAC at http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov. These documents will be posted on the presented on Tuesday, Sept. 28 at the AIAA NOAA has the responsibility for distribut- World Wide Web following revisions that Space Technology Conference and ing near real-time data to operational result from the written reviews as well as Exposition in Albuquerque, N.M. weather prediction centers. panel report recommendations. All of The award recognizes outstanding these missions, (with the exception of SIM, achievements in the architecture, analysis, The SeaWinds global backscatter measure- recently selected as part of the SORCE design and implementation of space ments allow all-weather, moderate mission, and Jason-1, a joint mission systems. Receiving the award will be team resolution monitoring of land and ice- between NASA and CNES), have previ- leaders from Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt, Md.), Lockheed Martin Missiles covered regions as well. As one example, ously developed ATBDs and have had and Space, SBRS/Raytheon Systems SeaWinds data have already been used to them reviewed and posted on the EOS Company and the US Geological Survey. monitor iceberg B10A in the southern Project Science Office Web site at http:// Goddard managed development of the ocean near Antarctica. The iceberg is the eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/atbd/pg1. html. Landsat 7 project. size of Rhode Island and broke off from The Landsat 7 team received the award for the Thwaites Ice Tongue in Antarctica in In the process of updating the EOS outstanding teamwork and accomplish- 1992. Iceberg B10A measures 38 by 77 km, Reference Handbook, the Earth science ments in developing the latest and most and has also been imaged by the En- mission profile was redesigned so that it advanced satellite in the Landsat series of hanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) on now has a new look (see http:// Earth remote sensing spacecraft. “Landsat 7 truly was an outstanding team effort and Landsat 7 (http://landsat7.usgs.gov/ eospso.gsfc. nasa.gov/eos_homepage/ we are very honored to receive this award,” browse/iceberg.html). On September 7 the missions.html). All of the Earth science said Phil Sabelhaus, Landsat 7 Project U.S. Geological Survey announced the missions have been reorganized by launch Manager at Goddard. availability of Landsat 7 ETM+ data to the date in chronological order, with the Landsat 7 is the latest in a series that began general public. Full scenes that have been actual date of launch for missions already in 1972. These data will provide scientists corrected for sensor effects and spacecraft in orbit. All missions contain descriptions with new information on deforestation, geometry (Level One processing) are of the spacecraft name, launch date, receding glaciers, and crop monitoring. The available from the EROS Data Center in altitude, orbital inclination, and equator data also will be available commercially for land-use planning and urban development Sioux Falls, South Dakota(http:// crossing time (for sun-synchronous issues. Landsat 7 is part of the Earth edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/landdaac/landsat7), orbits), as well as the instrument comple- Observing System, the major component of at a price not to exceed $600 each. ment onboard the spacecraft. Spacecraft NASA’s Earth Science Enterprise, a long- and/or instruments not provided by term program that is studying changes in The AIRS/AMSU-A/HSB, AMSR-E, NASA are clearly indicated on the chart. Earth’s global environment. The goal of the Earth Science Enterprise is to provide SAGE III, ACRIM III, SIM, Jason-1, and This is quite common, as our program is people a better understanding of natural Data Assimilation science teams are international in scope with many valuable changes. Enterprise data are essential to currently preparing Algorithm Theoretical international partners. people making informed decisions about Basis Documents (ATBDs) that will be their environment. reviewed by the international scientific 2 July/August 1999 • Vol. 11 No. 4 collection. But this is by no means a Status of NASA’s Earth Science foregone conclusion yet. September often brings cooler weather and “cooler” heads. Enterprise: A presentation by Dr. Ghassem Asrar, Associate Administrator for Earth Science, So, we’ve had some successes and some setbacks this year. But if it wasn’t hard, it NASA Heaquarters likely wouldn’t be worth doing, and the Earth Science Enterprise is absolutely worth doing. Outside our community, every audience Mr. Goldin or I speak to is genuinely excited to