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The Causes and Effects of the Development of Semi-Competitive
Central European University The Causes and Effects of the Development of Semi-Competitive Elections at the Township Level in China since the 1990s By Hairong Lai Thesis submitted in fulfillment for the degree of PhD, Department of Political Science, Central European University, Budapest, January 2008 Supervisor Zsolt Enyedi (Central European University) External Supervisor Maria Csanadi (Hungarian Academy of Sciences) CEU eTD Collection PhD Committee Tamas Meszerics (Central European University) Yongnian Zheng (Nottingham University) 1 Contents Summary..........................................................................................................................................4 Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................................6 Statements........................................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................8 1.1 The literature on elections in China ....................................................................................8 1.2 Theories on democratization .............................................................................................15 1.3 Problems in the existing literature on semi-competitive elections in China .....................21 1.4 Agenda of the current research..........................................................................................26 -
The Web That Has No Weaver
THE WEB THAT HAS NO WEAVER Understanding Chinese Medicine “The Web That Has No Weaver opens the great door of understanding to the profoundness of Chinese medicine.” —People’s Daily, Beijing, China “The Web That Has No Weaver with its manifold merits … is a successful introduction to Chinese medicine. We recommend it to our colleagues in China.” —Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China “Ted Kaptchuk’s book [has] something for practically everyone . Kaptchuk, himself an extraordinary combination of elements, is a thinker whose writing is more accessible than that of Joseph Needham or Manfred Porkert with no less scholarship. There is more here to think about, chew over, ponder or reflect upon than you are liable to find elsewhere. This may sound like a rave review: it is.” —Journal of Traditional Acupuncture “The Web That Has No Weaver is an encyclopedia of how to tell from the Eastern perspective ‘what is wrong.’” —Larry Dossey, author of Space, Time, and Medicine “Valuable as a compendium of traditional Chinese medical doctrine.” —Joseph Needham, author of Science and Civilization in China “The only approximation for authenticity is The Barefoot Doctor’s Manual, and this will take readers much further.” —The Kirkus Reviews “Kaptchuk has become a lyricist for the art of healing. And the more he tells us about traditional Chinese medicine, the more clearly we see the link between philosophy, art, and the physician’s craft.” —Houston Chronicle “Ted Kaptchuk’s book was inspirational in the development of my acupuncture practice and gave me a deep understanding of traditional Chinese medicine. -
Downloaded from Brill.Com09/28/2021 09:41:18AM Via Free Access 102 M
Asian Medicine 7 (2012) 101–127 brill.com/asme Palpable Access to the Divine: Daoist Medieval Massage, Visualisation and Internal Sensation1 Michael Stanley-Baker Abstract This paper examines convergent discourses of cure, health and transcendence in fourth century Daoist scriptures. The therapeutic massages, inner awareness and visualisation practices described here are from a collection of revelations which became the founding documents for Shangqing (Upper Clarity) Daoism, one of the most influential sects of its time. Although formal theories organised these practices so that salvation superseded curing, in practice they were used together. This blending was achieved through a series of textual features and synæsthesic practices intended to address existential and bodily crises simultaneously. This paper shows how therapeutic inter- ests were fundamental to soteriology, and how salvation informed therapy, thus drawing atten- tion to the entanglements of religion and medicine in early medieval China. Keywords Massage, synæsthesia, visualisation, Daoism, body gods, soteriology The primary sources for this paper are the scriptures of the Shangqing 上清 (Upper Clarity), an early Daoist school which rose to prominence as the fam- ily religion of the imperial family. The soteriological goal was to join an elite class of divine being in the Shangqing heaven, the Perfected (zhen 真), who were superior to Transcendents (xianren 仙). Their teachings emerged at a watershed point in the development of Daoism, the indigenous religion of 1 I am grateful for the insightful criticisms and comments on draughts of this paper from Robert Campany, Jennifer Cash, Charles Chase, Terry Kleeman, Vivienne Lo, Johnathan Pettit, Pierce Salguero, and Nathan Sivin. -
Ming-Qing Women's Song Lyrics to the Tune Man Jiang Hong
engendering heroism: ming-qing women’s song 1 ENGENDERING HEROISM: MING-QING WOMEN’S SONG LYRICS TO THE TUNE MAN JIANG HONG* by LI XIAORONG (McGill University) Abstract The heroic lyric had long been a masculine symbolic space linked with the male so- cial world of career and achievement. However, the participation of a critical mass of Ming-Qing women lyricists, whose gendered consciousness played a role in their tex- tual production, complicated the issue. This paper examines how women crossed gen- der boundaries to appropriate masculine poetics, particularly within the dimension of the heroic lyric to the tune Man jiang hong, to voice their reflections on larger historical circumstances as well as women’s gender roles in their society. The song lyric (ci 詞), along with shi 詩 poetry, was one of the dominant genres in which late imperial Chinese women writers were active.1 The two conceptual categories in the aesthetics and poetics of the song lyric—“masculine” (haofang 豪放) and “feminine” (wanyue 婉約)—may have primarily referred to the textual performance of male authors in the tradition. However, the participation of a critical mass of Ming- Qing women lyricists, whose gendered consciousness played a role in * This paper was originally presented in the Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies, New York, March 27-30, 2003. I am deeply grateful to my supervisor Grace S. Fong for her guidance and encouragement in the course of writing this pa- per. I would like to also express my sincere thanks to Professors Robin Yates, Robert Hegel, Daniel Bryant, Beata Grant, and Harriet Zurndorfer and to two anonymous readers for their valuable comments and suggestions that led me to think further on some critical issues in this paper. -
PMM ND Xu Et Al
1 New development: Wang Anshi’s Wanyanshu as the origins of modern public management? Yunxiao Xu, Caichen Ma and James L. Chan A recent paper in this journal (Drechsler, 2013) traced the origins of modern Western public management to the Wanyanshu, a memorandum Wang Anshi submitted in 1058 to a Song Dynasty emperor in China. We raise doubts about the author’s assessment and claims about that still remarkable document about government human resource management, in part by citing Chinese historians’ ambivalence. Believing in the value of Sino-Western comparative research in public management, we push back the origins of Chinese statecraft by 2,000 years by suggesting further research into older and greater Chinese contributions to global public management. Keywords: China; civil service examination; human resource management; international comparative public management; Wang Anshi; Wanyanshu. Professor Drechsler’s article in the September Wang Anshi’s Wanyanshu Yunxiao Xu is 2013 issue of Public Money & Management praised The Wanyanshu was in effect Wang Anshi’s Associate Professor highly a memorandum submitted in 1058 by mission report to the emperor. Calling it ‘a of Public Finance, Wang Anshi, a Chinese Song Dynasty official to report to the Emperor Renzhong about current School of Economics, the emperor, regarding it as ‘one of the key affairs’, Wang Anshi wrote it after serving six Peking University, texts of Chinese public management’ and ‘one years as a local government official. Thus he China; and Visiting of the first texts of public management in the had learned first-hand a great deal of the Researcher (2013– modern sense’ (Drechsler, 2013, p. -
International Interdisciplinary Conference on Middle Period
[CONFERENCE ON MIDDLE PERIOD CHINA, 800-1400 | 九至十五世紀的中國會議] 1 Thursday June 5, 2014 8:00AM-9:00AM Conference Registration CGIS South, 1st Floor Lobby 9:00AM-10:30AM Opening Plenary Session CGIS South, Tsai Auditorium 10:30AM-11:00AM Coffee Break CGIS South, Concourse 11:00AM-1:00PM Time Period Panels 1. Ninth Century CGIS South, S001 Discussion facilitator: Christopher Nugent (Williams College) 2. Eleventh Century CGIS South, S020 Belfer Discussion facilitator: Heping Liu (Wellesley College) 3. Liao and Xia CGIS South, S050 Discussion facilitator: Nancy Steinhardt (University of Pennsylvania) 4. Southern Song CGIS South, Tsai Auditorium Discussion facilitators: Linda Walton (Portland State University) and Michael Fuller (UC Irvine) 5. Early Ming CGIS South, S040 Discussion facilitator: Alfreda J. Murck (Independent Scholar) 1:00PM-2:00PM Lunch CGIS South, Concourse Sponsored by the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University [CONFERENCE ON MIDDLE PERIOD CHINA, 800-1400 | 九至十五世紀的中國會議] 2 2:00PM-4:00PM Time Period Panels 6. Tenth Century CGIS South, S040 Discussion facilitator: Hugh Roberts Clark (Ursinus College) 7. Twelfth Century CGIS South, S050 Discussion facilitator: Morten Schlütter (University of Iowa) 8. Jin-Yuan CGIS South, S020 Belfer Discussion facilitator: Christopher Pratt Atwood (Indiana University) 9. Fourteenth Century CGIS South, S001 Discussion facilitator: Joseph Peter McDermott (University of Cambridge) 10. Northern Song CGIS South, Tsai Auditorium Discussion facilitators: Patricia Ebrey (University of Washington) and Cong Ellen Zhang (University of Virginia) 4:00 PM-4:30PM Coffee Break CGIS South, Concourse 4:30PM-6:00PM Theme Panels 11. Material and Visual Culture CGIS South, S020 Belfer Discussion facilitators: Maggie Bickford (Brown University) and Julia K. -
REVIEW ESSAY Situating the History of Medicine Within Chinese History
REVIEW ESSAY Situating the History of Medicine within Chinese History Marta Hanson, John Hopkins University Andrew Schonebaum. Novel Medicine: Healing, Literature, and Popular Knowledge in Early Modern China. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2016. 296 pp. $50 (cloth); $30 (paper). Hilary A. Smith. Forgotten Disease: Illnesses Transformed in Chinese Medicine. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2017. 248 pp. $85 (cloth); $25 (paper/e-book). The past ten years have seen the publication of more than seventy English-language monographs, edited books, translations, dictionaries, and even a three-volume catalogue, related to the history of medicine in China. Such substantive, varied, and often ground-breaking scholarship is finally starting to do justice to the complexity of the subject and the richness of the sources vis-à-vis the better known, and thus more widely taught, history of European and Anglo-American medicine from antiquity to the modern world. Collectively bringing the field of the history of medicine in China to a new level of synthesis, these works not only demonstrate how integral the history of medicine and public health is to Chinese history but also should help facilitate the integration of East Asian medical history into more broadly conceived global histories of medicine and public health. This major boon in publications on the medical history of China over the past decade also reveals the wide-ranging methods and diverse approaches scholars have chosen to frame, and thereby exert heuristic control over, what arguably has become newly visible as the contours of a vast, complex, and essential subject of not just Chinese but human history. -
Secrets to Su Shi's Happiness Under Any Circumstances
International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature E-ISSN: 2200-3452 & P-ISSN: 2200-3592 www.ijalel.aiac.org.au Secrets to Su Shi’s Happiness under Any Circumstances: Transcending and a Positive Perspective Chengcheng Liu1, Zhongwen Liu2* 1School of Liberal Arts, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, China 2Liaoning Police College, 260 Yingping Road, Dalian, 116036, China Corresponding Author: Zhongwen Liu, E-mail: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history What have endeared Su Shi to countless followers in nearly a thousand years all over the world Received: December 06, 2018 lie not only in his outstanding achievements in literary and arts, but also in his optimism in Accepted: February 21, 2019 adversity. This paper probes into the insight secrets of why he could be happy most of the time to Published: March 31, 2019 enlighten people nowadays to lead a happy, easy and peaceful life. Firstly, transcending constantly Volume: 8 Issue: 2 through keeping adjusting his expectations in accordance with the everchanging circumstances: Advance access: February 2019 transcending conventions to realize his people-oriented ambition when he was a young official; transcending material limitations when he was exiled for the first time to Huangzhou; transcending fame and power when he was back to court with great power; transcending himself Conflicts of interest: None when he was exiled for the second time to Huizhou and finally transcending everything when Funding: None he was banished to the most remote Danzhou on Hainan Island; and secondly, seeing every circumstance in a positive light: overlooking the negative and magnifying the positive; indulging himself in the beauty of the nature; enjoying the present moment and being optimistic about the future without thinking. -
Tracing Changes in Acu- Moxa Therapy During the Transition from the Tang to the Song Dynasties 1
EASTM 18 (2001): 75-11 I Changing Standards: Tracing Changes in Acu moxa Therapy During the Transition from the Tang to the Song Dynasties 1 Asaf Goldschmidt [Asaf Goldschmidt is a lecturer at Tel Aviv University, Israel. He received his Ph.D. in History and Sociology of Science from the University of Pennsylvania in I 999. His dissertation was on "The transformations of Chinese medicine dur ing the Northern Song dynasty (920-1127)." The dissertation analysed how by the end of the Northern Song dynasty three past medical approaches converged into one comprehensive medical system. He is currently working on a history of the first imperially sponsored pharmacy in China and on the influence of the Song emperor Huizang on medicine.] * * * Acupuncture is probably one of the most renowned topics when traditional Chi nese medicine is discussed. Indeed, more often than not, when people discuss traditional Chinese medicine one of the first issues they discuss is acu-moxa therapy (see definition below). Acu-moxa therapy is certainly one of the most intriguing and unintuitive therapeutic skills in the arsenal of traditional Chinese medicine. However in spite of this, little research has been conducted on the history of this topic. Existing works mostly concentrate on either the question of the origin of acu-moxa therapy or provide a general overview of its history.2 This paper offers a different approach - it compares the contents of six surviving texts of acu-moxa therapy dating to the late Tang and early Song dynasties. By com paring the contents of these works, I attempt to examine changes in the manu scripts available to practitioners of that era. -
Fuzzy Flexible Flow Shops on More Than Two Machine Centers
The Subtle Path to Heterodoxy: Reflections on the Concept of ‘Yiduan’ in the Jinsilu Milan Hejtmanek1 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Available Online October 2013 Neo-Confucian philosophy in - Key words: partook of a moral discourse that drew extensively on Song Chinese Heterodoxy; texts from the 11th and 12theth centuries. Korean Chosǒn Among period these, (1392 the Jinsilu1910) Korea; ; 1175 proved especially influential. This paper examines in detail a Neo-Confucianism; central(Reflections theme on of Things the Jinsilu: at Hand), heterodoxy compiled or by yiduan, Zhu Xi situatingand LüZuqian it both in Jinsilu.Chosǒn dynasty within the broader traditions of earlier Confucianism and as well as within the context of Neo-Confucian thought or daoxue as it was developed the 11th century, by the brothers Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao. It identifies three distinct, if overlapping conceptions of heterodoxy in the Jinsilu. The paper argues that the most pessimistic and aggressive attitude toward the danger of straying from the orthodox way and the condemning of those who had done so derived from Cheng Yi. His thought and sense of near dread concerning heterodoxy would prove highly influential in Chosǒn Korea. Introduction It is a remarkable feature of recorded human civilization that discourse drawn from a wide variety of times and places displays fierce struggles over what constitutes proper moral behavior and correspondingly what should be castigated as wrong and evil. Moral traditions in the West as diverse as Judaism, Islam, and in the East Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism ha rhetorical strategies to argue both sides of complex ethical issues. The production and reproduction of dogma and its antithesis, heresy or heterodoxy, isve a bequeathed central activity prolific of any discourses system of deploying moral thought. -
Challenges for the Promotion and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Central and Eastern Europe Under the Belt and Road Initiative
Asian Social Science; Vol. 16, No. 1; 2020 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Challenges for the Promotion and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Central and Eastern Europe Under the Belt and Road Initiative Feifei Xue1, Xiaoyong He1, Wenzhi Hao1, Jiajia Qin1 & Jiaxu Chen1 1 Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Correspondence: Jiaxu Chen. E-mail: [email protected] Received: October 21, 2019 Accepted: November 19, 2019 Online Published: December 31, 2019 doi:10.5539/ass.v16n1p35 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n1p35 This work was supported by the Department of International Cooperation and Exchanges of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China under Grant number 2059999. Abstract Along with the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is increasingly used and attracts more interest in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). As an important bridge between different cultures, translation plays a major role in promoting TCM in CEE. However, there are some problems in the translation process hindering further promotion of TCM theories and culture in CEE. First of all, the English translations of TCM classics and textbooks lack universally accepted standards, and the quality of TCM text translation is low. Secondly, TCM translators lack sufficient training in TCM knowledge. Also, the translation of TCM materials lacks cultural connotation. Through analyzing the current problems of TCM translation in CEE, this study proposed three suggestions: strengthening the exchange between the government and experts, regulating the translation of TCM textbooks, and strengthening the training of TCM translators. -
Final Program of CCC2020
第三十九届中国控制会议 The 39th Chinese Control Conference 程序册 Final Program 主办单位 中国自动化学会控制理论专业委员会 中国自动化学会 中国系统工程学会 承办单位 东北大学 CCC2020 Sponsoring Organizations Technical Committee on Control Theory, Chinese Association of Automation Chinese Association of Automation Systems Engineering Society of China Northeastern University, China 2020 年 7 月 27-29 日,中国·沈阳 July 27-29, 2020, Shenyang, China Proceedings of CCC2020 IEEE Catalog Number: CFP2040A -USB ISBN: 978-988-15639-9-6 CCC2020 Copyright and Reprint Permission: This material is permitted for personal use. For any other copying, reprint, republication or redistribution permission, please contact TCCT Secretariat, No. 55 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. All rights reserved. Copyright@2020 by TCCT. 目录 (Contents) 目录 (Contents) ................................................................................................................................................... i 欢迎辞 (Welcome Address) ................................................................................................................................1 组织机构 (Conference Committees) ...................................................................................................................4 重要信息 (Important Information) ....................................................................................................................11 口头报告与张贴报告要求 (Instruction for Oral and Poster Presentations) .....................................................12 大会报告 (Plenary Lectures).............................................................................................................................14