6082 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS itarch 10, 1976

Carol C. Smith, Jr. Ralph R. Hedges SUPPLY CORPS NOMINATIONS PLACED ON THE SECRETARY'S Robert E. Kirksey David M. Altwegg Paul L, Foster Charles W. Rixey DESK IN THE Am FORCE AND ARMY Captain Fran McKee, U.S. Navy, for ap­ Harold C. Donley, Jr. Van T. Eru,all Air Force nominations beginning Maj. pointment to the grade of rear admiral pur­ CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS Jimmy K . Angel, to be lieutenant colonel, and suant to title 10, United States Code, section Neal W. Clements ending Maj. Joseph R. Mailloux, to be lieu­ 5767(c) while serving as Director of Naval tenant colonel, which nominations were re­ Education Development. DENTAL CORPS ceived by the Senate and appeared in the The following-named captains of the Navy Paul E. Farrell Congressional Record on February 18, 1976. for temporary promotion to the grade of rear IN THE MARINE CORPS Army nominations beginning Robert S . admiral in the staff corps indicated subject Noreen, to be captain, and ending Terence to qualification therefor as provided by law: The following-named officer of the U.S. J. Caldwell, to be second lieutenant, which MEDICAL CORPS Marine Corps Reserve for temporary appoint­ nominations were received by the Senate and Almon C. Wilson ment to the grade of major general: appeared in the Congressional Record on John W.Cox Allan T. Wood February 18, 1976.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ANGELO FOSCO HONORED AS "MAN and the invocation by Rev. Armando Pi­ Cook County and nine su1Tounding coun­ OF THE YEAR" erini, C.S., administrator of the Villa Sca­ ties in Illinois; nine other States and the labrini Home for the Aged. Judge Philip Canadian Provinces of Ontario and Mani­ Romiti presided over the installation of toba. HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO During bis service as an International officers for the year 1976, and the names Representa~ive, Fosco played a leading role OF ILLINOIS of the new 1976 JCCIA officers follow: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in organization, political and legislative ac­ James E. Coli, president; Dr. James F. tion. and exercised a guiding influence on Tuesday, March 9, 1976 Greco, first vice president; John C. Por­ local unions in many States and Central celli, second vice president; Joseph Toli­ Canada. Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, on Sat­ tano, third vice president; Jerome Zurla, His outstanding performance in those urday, March 6, 1976, the Joint Civic areas led to his selection in 1964 as a-ssistan t Committee of Italian Americans had fourth vice president; Rudy L. Leone, fifth vice president; Anthony Morizzo, regional manager of the Chicago Regional their annual installation of officers ban­ Office, a post he held until November, 1968, quet and dinner dance, and I extend my treasurer: Charles Carosella, secretary: when he was appointed manager of the re­ sincerest congratulations to James E. Achille J. Chiappetta, sergeant at arms; gion. In that same year, he was elected an Coli, the JCCIA's president for 1976. Jim Anthony Sorrentino, consultant; Antho­ International Union Vice President. His col­ Coli brings to the task a rich background ny Paterno, president emeritus. leagues describe him as "a vigorous and tire­ James Caporale served as banquet com­ less worker tot-ally devoted to the organiza­ of experience in civic and community af­ mittee chairman, and he and his commit­ tion he serves and the people he represents." fairs and an outstanding career in the tee worked hard to make the evening an In addition to the above positions, Fosco labor field, and I know that he will render outstanding success. The names of the since 1951, has represented the Laborers• In­ distinguished service during his term of ternational Union in its negotiations with leadership in the committee. banquet committee members follow: the National Pipeline Industry and played This year over 2,200 people gathered in Norma Battisti, Frank N. Catramone, Sr., a key role in the negotiation of the first Na­ the Conrad Hilton Hotel to honor their Joann Coconato, Carl DeMoon, Dome­ tional Pipeline Agreement in September, nick DeFrisco, Bernard Fio Rito, Robert 1949. He has also served as a trustee to the Man of the Year, Angelo Fosco, the gen­ Franch, Marie Palello, Joseph Pantaleo, Laborers' National Pension Fund, and as a eral president of the Laborers Interna­ Charles C. Porcelli, Ann So1Tentino, An­ trustee of the Laborers' Pension Fund of tional Union of America. At the dais were thony Sorrentino, Sam Tenuta, Joseph Central and Eastern Os.nada. the outstanding political, and civic lead­ Tolitano, and Aurelia Tornabene. During his career, he has served as a dele­ ers of our community, including the Illi­ gate to the AFL-CIO Conventions and has nois secretary of state, Hon. Michael J. Mr. Speaker, I congratulate Angelo been an active participant in Conventions Howlett, my distinguished colleague in Fosco, on his selection as the Man of the and Conferences of the Federation's Build­ ing and Construction Trades Department. the Congress, Hon. MARTIN Russo, who Year, and I send him my warmest best represents the Third District of Illinois, wishes as he continues his career of serv­ Fosco also serves on the Executive Board of ice and example of capable excellence. the AFL-CIO Public Employee Department. and many distinguished visitors from He is a graduate of Morgan Park Military throughout the United States came to Angelo Fosco's biography follows: Academy in Chicago and attended Loyola pay tribute to Angelo Fosco, who suc­ JOINT CIVIC CoMMI'ITEE OF ITALIAN AMERI­ University. Fosco is also a Fourth Degree ceeded his late father, Peter Fosco, as CANS MAN OF THE YEAR AWARD, ANGELO member of the Knights of Columbus. general president, including Robert A. Fosco He is the father of three children, Peter The Joint Civic Committee of Italian J., Paul and Marycarm, and the grandfather Georgine, president, Building & Con­ Americans is very proud to present its 1976 of three. struction Trades Department, AFL-CIO, "Man of the Year Award" t.o Angelo Fosco and many other prominent labor leaders, in recognition for many years of dedication representing the labor movement in the and service to all working people which has GHANA'S 19TH BffiTHDAY city of Chicago, the State of Illinois, brought him national acclaim and wide rec­ and the Nation. ognition as a truly distinguished American The Joint Civic Committee of Italian of Italian descent. HON. CHARLES 8. RANGEL Americans is an umbrella organization Angelo Fosco was elected General Presi­ dent of Laborers' International Union of OF NEW YORK comprised of more than 40 civic organi­ North America on October 30, 1975. He rose IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES zations in the Chicago area and among to the highest office in the 650,000-member its purposes and objectives are charita­ organization after serving more than 25 Tuesday, March 9, 1976 ble, educational and cultural activities years in a variety of union posts, including Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, March 6, which will best serve the welfare of more than seven years as a vice president 1976, marked the 19th anniversary of the Ame1·icans of Italian extraction and the and manager of the Union's largest region. independence of Ghana. What made this community at large. One of the most A native of Chicago, Illinois, Fosco began an event of great significance was that outstanding civic events held in the his career as a member of Laborers' Sewer Ghana was the first colonial territory of Chicagoland area, the Columbus Day and Tunnel Miners Local Union 2. He held black Africa to gain its independence, is various positions of leadership in that local Parade, sponsored annually by the union and under his direction the Cook making it a model for those that were to Joint Civic Committee of Italian County (Illinois) IDghway Department was follow. I believe that the accomplish­ Americans. organized in the early 1940's. ments of the nation of Ghana have Along with James L. Coli, Jr., Joseph In July, 1951, he was appointed as an In­ shown that it was indeed a good niodel. J. Spingola served as master of cere· ternational Representative in the Chicago I would like to include into ·the RECORD monies for the progi·am. The national Regional Office, headquarters for the at this time a statement commemorating anthem was performed by Ralph Adrian, Union's largest region, which encompasses the independence and creation of Ghana. March 10, 1976 EXTE.r SIO.t S OF Rfa iARKS 6083 we have made so far, based on the deter­ '\Yhen he was ousted from the chairman­ I am sure that my colleagues will agree mination and sacrifice of our people, gives ship of the House Banking Committee at the that it shows a realistic attitude on the us hope for the future. We remain confident beginning of the present Congress. The New part of its leaders as to what is to be that with the understanding of our friends Yorker magazine said of him: required in order to move their country in the United States which we salute on its ..He's something of a crank, but he's an along the road to modernization. It is bicentennial we shall succeed. intelligent and knowledgeable crank. Tho e this attitude, as much as the concrete ac­ Young Turks who shoved the old Populist aside not only were being cruel, but were complishments, that I believe is impor­ probably making a mistake." tant for the other countries of black Ralph Nader, the consumer ad·,ocace, in an Africa to follow. PICKLE PRAISES PAT. IAN angry newspaper column at the same time. An independence day statement pre­ harked back to Mr. Patman's attempt in pared by the Ghanaian Embassy follows : September 1972 to get the Banking Com­ GHANA CELEBRATES 19TH ANNIVERSARY mittee to investigate the route that Nixon OF INDEPENDENCE HON. J. J. PICKLE campaign money traveled, from the original Nineteen years ago, the people of Ghana OF 'IEXAS contributors, through the Nixot:1. finance committees and various banks, into the pock­ found themselves in the singular position of rr THE HOUSE OF REPRESENT.\TIVES being the first colonial territory in Black ets of the Watergate burglars. Africa to achieve independence. This was a Tuesday, March 9, 1976 The Banking Committee (under consider­ able pressure from the Nixon Administra­ challenge to which the people responded with Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, Congress­ courage and sacrifice. History had imposed tion, as was later shown), voted him down. man Patman was such a personal part In this episode, "as so often in his career," on Ghana the role of a pioneer and pace­ of nearly every American's life that his setter. :Mr. Nader wrote. "Patman was right too Since independence, therefore, the people name is pronounced as one word­ soon." of Ghana have never failed to realize the Wright Patman. Many Americans felt LEGISLATI\-'"E ACHIEVE'.:\IENTS important duty they owe to themselves and that they knew him personally because Among his major legislative achievements the people of Africa to make a success of he fought for the "little man" so long. He were the passage of the Employment Act of their freedom and independence. We have spent his adult life fighting high interest 1946, which created tbe Council of Economic ·worked hard to improve our standard of liv­ rates, big banks, and big business. He will Advisers a.nd the Congressional Joint Eco­ ing. This determined effort had never been nomic Committee and established, as the more evident than during the past four years be remembered as one of the foremost permanent objectives of national policy, the when the whole nation was called upon to populists in American history. creation of "maximum employment, produc­ muster all available resources to produce the The Robinson-Patman Act, which pro­ tion and purchasing power." He had begun people's needs under a new policy of self­ tects small business, was passed in 1936 advocating such legislation in the mid-1930's. relia.nce. and stands today as one of the most ef­ Mr. Patman was the principal author of Through self-rellance, the people of Ghana fective tools against monopoly. Many of legislation creating the system of Federal have been able to produce enough food for us are firmly pledged to keep this act credit unions as the repository of the savings themselves and for export. The country is of ordinary workers and a so1.u·ce of sma!l now exporting maize, which used to be im­ strong and vital. loans for them. norted from the United States, to the neigh­ The Texas Congressional delegation It was his legislation t hat cre~.t€d the Small boring African countries. We have also be­ has lost its dean and I have lost a close Business Administration and the principle, come self-sufficient in rice, and large tracts friend. Wright Patman spoke softly but established during World War II, that small of land have been brought under cultivation strongly against what he felt was unjust. businesses had a right to share in defense to produce raw materials for our industries. There is a hush over the Capitol now contracts. We have placed great emphasis on agricul­ because he is gone. He was co.author of the Robinson-Patman ture as the main strategy for a rapid and He spent nearly 60 years of his life in Act, aimed at preventing the big chain stores orderly development, for we re<:ognize that from running small competitors out of busi­ a nation well-fed is a nation of stability and public service. For the last 48 years the ness by cutting their prices in the areas progress. people of the First District of Texas were served by the small competitors and raising Ghana's struggle towards economic recov­ privileged to have him as their Repre­ them elsewhere. There is talk now in the ery has not been without difficulties. The sentative in the U.S. House. Ford Administration of repealing the act on recent world-wide inflation caused by the on I enclose the New York Times article the ground that it actually meant increased crisis ha.s dealt a devastating blow to our from March 8, 1976, on the late Wright prices for consumers in many instances. economy. Some development projects had to Patman. What the present generation most asso­ be curtailed or completely stopped when we ciates with l\11·. Patman's name, however, are had to pay more than four times what we WRIGHT PATMAN, 82, DEAN OF HOUSE, DIES his attacks on the Federal Reserve System used to pay for oil products. (By Eileen Shanahan) and on the country's commercial banks. As But, undeterred by these set-backs, we are ·w AsHL~GTON, March 7 .-Representati,e he saw the world, the two eternally conspired working hard to move the principle of Self­ Wright Patman of Texas, the dean of the to keep interest rates high-and bank profits reliance to a new plane where the people will House of Representatives and former chair­ high-to the detriment of small-business not only feed themselves and supply raw man of its Committee on Banking, Currency men and farmers who needed cheap credit. materials for industry but will also work and Housing, died today of pneumonia at I\Ir. Patman never succeeded in forcing a to improve the quality of life on all fronts. the Bethesda Naval Medical Center in Mary­ major restructuring of the Federal Reserve We recognize the inter-dependence of all land. He was 82 years old. System or the banking system, but he won nations and therefore continue to keep our Mr. Patman, a Democrat, had served in the a number of limited victories in this area and doors open to investment from all countries. House continuously since 1929 and his career appears likely to win a few more, post­ The climate in Ghana favours foreign in­ in Congress was the fourth longest in the humously, in the next year or so. vestment. Already as much as fifty percent of nation's history. :INTERLOCKS BY BANKS the manufa.cturing and mining sectors are To Wright Patman, the root of all evil He first began investigating in 1963 the ex­ in the hands of foreign investors whooper­ was the concentration of economic power in tent to which banks had interlocks with one ate side-by-side with local entrepreneurs or the hands of a small number of bankers, another, through directoral affiliations with in partnership with the State. A measure of business executives and government officials. third parties and other devices. The whole the success of this policy is the free operation He spent his life trying to expose the evils notion of such an inquiry was roundly de­ of foreign companies, incl udlng Kaiser and restrict the power, and his record con­ n01.mced at the time, but by 1970, the Fed­ Aluminum, Firestone, Union Carbide, Star­ tained many successes a.nd many failures. eral R~serve Board itself was proposing legis­ Kist, etc. from the United States. His tenacity in fighting those who he felt lation to deal with the problem. To be sure, Ghana would prefer fair trade to Aid, for had too much power was legendary. His it was legislation with a sweep far narrower we a.re determined not to be dependent on critics called it pig-headedness. His charges than Mr. Patman wanted. international •welfare'. Though we welcome and proposals were ignored or rejected over In 1966, I\Ir. Patman published an ex­ lt, Aid can at best be only a marginal sup­ and over by his colleagues in Congress, but panded report on tlle connections that banks plement to our own efforts. We want fair he would come back the next week, the next had with one another and with other finan­ . prices for our commOdities to enable us to month, the next year, with the same charges cial institutions-for example, insurance EARN the means for our development, and and the same plans. companies. It was one of the first studies that is why we are still hopeful that the He lived to see many of the ideas embodied ever made by a Congressional unit that used United States will subscribe to the Interna­ in law and many others, originally de­ a computer to process data, but the principal tional Cocoa Agreement_. nounced as far out, become a standard part reaction was simply denunciation of Mr. Nineteen years in the life of a n~tion is a of the platform of liberal Democrats every­ Patman's alleged vendetta against the finan­ yery short period but the modest progress where. cial community. Just h•~-;t year, hO'.\e,er, the 6084 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS frfarch 10, 1976 Justice Department's antitrust division filed tion of the charges, and Mr. Patman charged :Mrs. Dwyer was ranking member of a lawsuit based on the precise philosophy at the time that the action amounted to a advanced by the Patman study: Institutions pardon of Mr. Mellon. the Committee on Government Opera­ such as banks and insurance companies ac­ In his 12 years as chah·man of the House tions when I was elected to Congress 11 tually compete for many types of business, Banking Committee, Mr. Patman became years ago, and I had great affection for for example, financing big real estate devel­ a figure of tremendous controversy. He con­ her. She was always very kind to me and opments, and should not be permitted to tended it was because he was investigating quick to lend a helping hand or a word have any of the same directors. and attacking powerful moneyed interests of advice in my early days in Congress. Tliere are any number of bills recently who had great influence with members of passed or now pending in Congress, with At one point in our freshman terms, Congress. she let JOHN ERLENBORN and me hand.le some reasonable prospect of enactment, that The committee's members, many of whom embody proposals he made long ago. said he was arbitrary and dictatorial, said a major piece of legislation on the floor­ Among them is legislation that would per­ that he started investigations without their the bill creating the Department of mit savings and Joan associations to make approval or even knowledge; that he tried Ti·ansportation. I know of few other consumer loans; to permit banks to pay in­ to control the whole staff himself, leaving freshmen Members who have been given terest on checking accounts; to create a none available for use by those who disagreed the opportunity to gain the experience single agency, instead of three, to regulate with him; and that he used delaying tactics of handling such major legislation. This commercial banks; to require payment of in­ to keep the committee from acting on bills terest on United States Government deposits incident demonstrated her great unsel­ he did not approve of, such as one to liberal­ fishness. held by banks, and to make the term of the ize the rules governing bank mergers. chairman of the board of governors of the There were some comic-opera episodes dur­ Mr. Speaker, Joyce joins me in extend­ Federal Reserve System coincide with the ing the years of his chairmanship. In 1966, ing sympathy to Mrs. Dwyer's son, Lt. Presidential term, so that the new President some of the committee's members met in a Col. Michael Dwyer and the family. Mrs. could pick his own chairman. darkened room, without his knowledge, to ap­ Dwyer was a grand lady whose influence Other Patman successes could be noted. In prove the bank merger bill. will be greatly missed. 1970, he almost single-handedly stopped the Nixon Administration from trying to save the PASSED OVER PROTESTS Penn Central Railroad with $200 million in He said they hadn't had a quorum present loan guarantees. but, a few months later, they were able to In 1972, he led the successful fight on the pass the bill over his protests at a l'egular floor of the House against the time-honored meeting. NATIONAL LAWYERS GUILD practice of passage, without hearings or de­ John William Wright Patman, the name CONVENTION: PART I bate, of tax bills sponsored by members of the he was christened, was born Aug. 6, 1893 in Ways and Means Committee for the benefit a log cabin in Patman's Switch, Texas, a of a single company or individual. As a result, tiny settlement named for his forebears that HON. LARRY McDONALD a whole new procedure for the consideration no longer exists. It was not far from Tex­ of such bills has been adopted. arkana, where he made his home for most of OF GEORGIA Mr. Patman was largely responsible for the his life. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES passage by the House of stand-by authority He was a cotton farmer as a young man, Tuesday, March 9, 1976 to impose wage and price controls on the then went into the Army in World War I and economy-legislation that President Nixon served as a machine-gun instructor at state­ Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. first denounced and then used in his dra­ side posts. He got his law degree from Cum­ Speaker, the National Lawyers Guild­ matic freeze of prices and wages in the berland University in Tennessee and prac­ NLG-an association of revolutionary summer of 1972. ticed law in Cass County, Tex., before be­ lawyers, law students, "legal workers," ALSO MANY DEFEATS coming, successively, an assistant county at­ torney, district attorney for the Fifth Judi­ and "jailhouse lawyers," was originally The defeats were also many. Chiefly, he was cial District of Texas and a member of the founded in 1937 as a Communist front never able to work any change in the status Texas House of Representatives. for lawyers by the American section of of the Federal Reserve System as an indepen­ As a member of the state legislature, he the Comintern. dent agency that can and does follow the eco­ was a deskmate of Sam Daly Johnson, Lyn­ With the influx of large numbers of nomic policies it feels are right, whether or don B. Johnson's father. Mr. Patman, in later not they conflict with the policies of the Ad­ New Left activists during the past dec­ years, took a paternal attitude toward the ade, the NLG has become a coalition of ministration in power. Mr. Patman's antago­ career of Lyndon Johnson, and generally nism toward the Federal Reserve and the withheld public criticism, even when they Old Left Communist Party, U.S.A. mem­ bankers went back to just such an instance disagreed. bers and supporters, Maoist Communists, of independent actior. President Ford expressed "deep regret and Castroites, and other New Left activists. The year was 1936 and Congress had finally sadness" at Mr. Patman's death. Other trib­ Yet the NLG remains an active member approved a $3.8 billion bonus payment to the utes came from House Speaker Carl Albert, of the International Association of Dem­ veterans of World War I, after five vetoes by Senator Hubert H. Humphrey and Gov. Dolph ocratic Lawyers, the Soviet-controlled four Presidents, beginning in 1922, Mr. Pat­ Briscoe of Texas. man, as a junior member of the House, had international lawyers' front, and has sent Surviving Mr. Patman are his wife, the delegations under IADL auspices to Ha­ been one of the most ardent supporters of former Pauline Tucker, whom he married in the bonus, and had, in fact, pledged to do all 1968, and three sons, William, a State Sena­ noi and participated in other interna­ he could to get it enacted in his first cam­ tor; Harold, a geologist, and Connor, a law­ tional "solidarity" work for Communist paign for Congress in 1928. yer; five grandchildren, and a great-grand­ causes. The Federal Reserve, with most of the child. His first wife, the former Merle Connor, Well-informed intelligence analysts country's bankers in agreement, feared that died in 1967. consider the National Lawyers Guild the the bonus payment would set off inflation A funeral service will be held Wednesday most important single U.S. support and and, to counter this, tightened the availabil­ at the First Baptist Church in Texarkana. ity of money quite sharply. Thus, in Mr. Pat­ contact organization for domestic and man's vie,v, the Federal Reserve neutralized foreign Marxist revolutionary terrorists. most of the beneficial effects of the bonus These range from the Weather Under­ payment on the economy, which was still ground through the Palestine Liberation struggling to recover from the great depres­ FLORENCE P. DWYER Organization to the Cuban Communist sion. government and its DGI secret police An earlier fight over the veteran's bonus, in who serve as KGB proxies, and Cuban­ 1932, had led Mr. Patman to look into the private financial dealings and holdings of supported terrorist "liberation move­ HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN ments" such as the MIR of Chile. President Hoover's Secretary of the Treasury, OF OHIO Andrew W. Mellon, who bad also opposed the Congressional investigative work has bonus bill. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES established that NLG attorneys regularly His findings, of what he charged were nu­ Tuesday, March 9, 1976 abuse their attorney-client privileges to merous and pervasive conflicts of interest serve as go-betweens for imprisoned rev­ on Mr. Mellon's part, caused Mr. Patman to Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, olutionaries and their comrades. One submit a resolution of in1peachment to the it was with great sadness that I learned NLG attorney is a fugitive on charges of House. of the death of our former colleague, having smuggled a gun to George Jack­ President Hoover named Mr. Mellon Am­ Florence P. Dwyer of New Jersey. I would son which Jackson used in his aborted bassador to Britain before the House Judici­ like to join my colleagues in a heartfelt prison escape. ary Committee could complete its investiga- tribute to her memory. William M. Kunstler, a leading NLG March 1 O, 19 ,6 EXTE SI0.1. T O REMARK 6085 CONVENTION BROCffURE mining industry and workers organizing ef­ member, summed up the goals of the forts. National Lawyers Guild when he re­ The Houston NLG chapter produced a bro­ chure fo1· the convention which listed the Scheduled star attraction of the panel was cently stated: usual helpful information about restaurants, Juan Chacon, president of United Steelwork­ The thing I'm most interested in is keep­ bars and emergency ph011e numbers. The ers of America. Local 890, one of the most ing people on the street who will forever alter brochure also featured a section, "The Story militant locals of the old Communist Party, the cl1aracter of this society: the 1·evolution­ of Houston," which denounces the "expan­ U.S.A. (CPUSA) dominated Mine, Mill and aries. Whether it is the American Indian sionist Monroe Doctrine" which enabled Smelters Workers which merged with the Movement, or the Black Liberation Army, or "Anglo settlements [to] begin on a. great USWA in 1967. Chacon, from Silver City, NM, H. Rap Brown-a person or an organiza.tion­ scale" and sums up the total contribution of was the hero of the CPUSA backed film, I'm really interested only in spending my Texas' founder, Sam Houston, with the term, Salt of the Earth, in 1952. He discussed his talents, and any assets I have, to keep the "slaveholder." battle for reinstatement after having been revolutionaries functioning. The Houston NLG ·s summary of radical fired for leading an illegal copper workers While attorney Kunstler was refused movement and labor history commences with strike. Sander Karp, formerly with the NLG's permission to participate in the defense a note that "in the close-by city of San An­ Southeast Asia Military Law Project and ac­ tonio in 1938, pecan shellers went out on tive for the past three years in Denver, an at­ of the Baader-MeinhofI terrorist gang in strike under the organization of the Com­ torney for Local 890, described the role of the West Germany, other NLG members have munist Party USA." After reviewing past activist lawyer in supporting "workers' strug. acted as observers or participants in trials "people's struggles" in the Houston area­ gles," basically that of servant of the pro­ of foreign revolutionaries. The Daily SDS, the Student Non-Violent Coordinating letariat, not policy setter. World, the official newspaper of the Com­ Committee (SNCC), Mexican-American After the panel a wine and beer party munist Party, U.S.A., recently announced Youth Organization (MAYO), the Brown gave the NLG conventioneers a chance to so­ that NLG member, Stanley Faulkner, Berets, the "antiwar" movement, and John cialize and talk shop which many of them was on his way to Chile to defend Chilean Brown Revolutionary League-the NLG had not been able to do since the 1974 con­ notes its successful defense of the Houston vention, despite the fact that NLO National Communist Party leader, Luis Corvalan. 12, members of Youth Against \.'Var and Fas­ Executive Board (NEB) meetings tend to Faulkner's law partner, Eric Schmidt, cism and the Workers World Party charged take on the charact,er of a "mini-conven­ along with NLG members and employees with attacking police during a demonstration tion." including Bernardine Dohrn, Ken Cloke, in support of Egypt, Syria and the Palestine WORKSHOPS Alicia Kaplow, Jon Lubell, and Bill Liberation Organization at a synagogue dur­ The Saturday session opened with work­ Schaap, organized the legal defense plans ing the October, 1973, "Yom Kippur War." shops to increase legal expertise in several for rioters who would be arrested at the The Houston chapter's brochure confirms areas of NLG interest. Workshops and their Chicago Democratic National Convention the strong influence of disciplined Maoist or­ leaders included: ganizations including the Revolutionary Labor #1-led by Neil Herring, and NLG months before the planned riots took Communist Party, USA (RCPUSA) but prin­ member who has returned to the Los Angeles place. I note that Jerry Rubin now admits cipally the October League (OL). NLG chapter after four years in Atlanta, GA, that he and his Chicago 7 codefendants The Houston NLG group is a member of the as a. leader and legal strategist for the Geor­ were "guilty as hell" of the Government's Houston Anti-Repression Coalition formed gia Power Project's attacks on the Southern charges that they conspired to cross State early in 1975 by the Congress of Afrikan Company. Al Horn, Atlanta NLG and Ameri­ lines to incite riots. People (CAP), the October League, the Afri­ can Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) member, The public record of the National Law­ can Liberation Support Committee (ALSC) successfully served as Hening's attorney last and the NLG. year in obtaining an acquittal on charges of yers Guild as a terrorist support orga­ assaulting a security guard at Emory Uni­ nization requires investigation of the ex­ The Houston NLG also has warm praise for versity. Amy Gladstein, the third workshop tent of the danger posed by the orga­ the Prairie Fire Bookstore, "the only one of leader, is the NLG's current Northeast Re­ nization and by its members. its kind in Texas-an anti-imperialist revo­ gional Vice-President. She has just left her lutionary bookstore with literature about employment with the National Labor Rela­ At the national convention held Feb­ working class, minority and women's strug­ tions Board (NLRB) to enter into private ruary 13-16, 1976, the NLG reviewed the gles in the United States, in addition to lit­ law practice in Brooklyn, NY, with NLG progress o.f its various projects and task erature a.bout the Third World and books activists Carlin Meyer and Jim Reif. Glad­ forces, and made plans for the coming 18 from China." Said the NLO, the Prairie Fire stein traveled to Puerto Rico in December, months. The information for the follow­ Bookstore has been invited to send a rep­ 1975, as a member of a 9-person NLG delega­ ing report on the convention was provided resentative on a bookseller's tour of China tion invited by the Marxist-Leninist Puerto by several patriotic Americans who are this April. Rican Socialist Party (PSP) to attend the risking their personal safety to pene­ But the NLG brochure writers reserve their second PSP congress mass rally. trate terrorist organizations and their warmest praise for the OL's Houston Fight Of her experiences in Puerto Rico during Back Committee, "a small but active multi­ the :'>SP guided rour, Gladstein said she was support groups so that the safety of other national group organized to fight against the "constantly exposed to the economic and Americans may be better defended. Here· effects of the crisis." States the NLO, "This politi~al effects of American imperialism." with is part I of my report on the Na­ December, 15 Houston people traveled to She described her meetings with PSP labor tional LawYers Guild convention: Chicago to participate in the formation of groups, some of which have had cases before NATIONAL LAWYERS GUILD CONVENTION the National Fight-Back Organization." the NLRB involving unfair labor practices. The National Lawyers Guild (NLG) held CONVENTION AGENDA She said that the NLRB has been used by tts 35th n-ational convention in Houston, TX, Preliminary meetings of the various NLG the ruling class to crush strikes and urged February 13-16, 1976, at the University of projects and committees were held on Fri­ the NLG to develop "concrete support" for Houston's University Center and Law School. day, 2/13/76, including the Grand Jury Proj­ the PSP-led "independence struggle." The meeting attracted an estimated 800 law­ ect, Military Task Force, International Com­ Labor #2-Ruth Moscovitch, Dave Rock­ yers, law students and legal workers to work­ mittee, and Prison Task Force. well, Craig Livingston and Law·a Uddenberg. shops, caucuses and plenary sessions designed Formal opening of the convention came Topics included union elections and section to "tear down the system through the in the evening with a welcome from NLG 501 suits under the Landrum-Griffin Act system." outgoing president Doron Weinberg, who had allowing a union member to sue both the Preliminary convention planning was co­ at an earlier orientation session for new company and the union. ordinated by the Houston NLG chapter, prin­ NLG members provided a careful history of Immigration-led by Los Angeles NLG cipally by Hank Kastner, 316 Branard, #2, the NLO from its formation in 1937 through members active in the Immigration Project Houston TX 77006 (703/524-0391], with as­ the "McCa.rthyist persecutions" and the emphasizing deportation law. sistance principally from Clemmie Cummins, 1960's resurgence to the present. Weinberg Prisons-discussions related to suits who was arrested along with 120 members of was followed by Robin Collins' report on the against maximum security institutions as the Iranian Student Association last fall in work of the Houston Guild chapter. arbitrary and unconstitutionally discrimi· Houston; Jim and Paula . Felker; Karen The featured keynote panel on the eco­ natory. Kueker; Judy Ma.lone and Alan Vomacka. nomic crisis heard Andy Parnes of the San Police Misconduct Suits-Discussion of Housing for many of those attending the Francisco NLO, a member of the Union for latest developments in case law and proce­ NLG convention was provided at the Ramada. Radical Economics (URPE) deliver a gen­ dure for discovery, investigation of police Inn, 3815 Gulf Freeway, and at the Helena. eral indictment of the "crimes of capitalism. activities principally in intelligence, and pre­ Hotel in Houston. However, many NLG mem­ The other three panelists concentrated on trial preparation. bers found free space for their sleeping bags miners' struggles. Benita. Whitman, Benefits Discharge Upgrading-led by Susan Hew­ in the homes of local NLO members or sur­ Counselor for the Mountain Family Health man and David Addlestone, both from the reptitiously doubled up in the hotels. Plan in Beckley, WV, gave an overview of the National Military Discharge Review Project 6086 EXTENSIONS qF RE~S March 10, 1976 of Georgetown Law School, Washington, D.C. by the NLG International Committee featur­ Addlestone until recently headed the ACLU's Mr. Richard E. La.ssar~ Evanston_ 100.00 ing former R~;np~:rts edito:r Robert Scheer, Mr. and Mrs. Donald Learner, Lawyers Mllitary Defense Committee. author of the recent book; America After Highland. Park ______Seminar/workshops followed which con­ Nixon, lecturing on ..The growth and power 20.00 cerned the "political questions the Guild Mr. and Mrs. Aaron L. Lebedow, of multi-national corporations, their effect Wilmette------. 25. 00 must address during periods of economic on the U.S. econ-omy and the lives of working Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Lesser, crisis." Issues for times of economic crisis people in this country and in the Third Evanston ------­ 25.00 ,and unrest included pro-busing work; urban World." Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Lippitz, problems such as :fighting cutbacks in social Scheer was followed by Joe Stork of the Evanston ------25.00 services, welfare, unemployment, runaway Institute for Policy Studies (IPS) and the .Mrs. S. Edward Marder, Highland shops and "white flight;" and labor issues Middle East Research and Information Proj­ Park------1,000.00 such as speedups, lay-offs and "organizing ect (MERIP) in Washington, D.C. Stork Mr. Nathan A. Moscov1tch, Evan- the unorganized." spoke on the response of Third World coun­ ston ------25.00 Other priority issues were stopping Sen­ tries to the U.S. multi-nationals, including Mr. and Mrs. James Otis, Evan- ate Bill 1, led by John Quigley, NLG Mid­ the growth of raw materials cartels among ston------50.00 East Regional Vice-President and teacher at Third World countries, such as OPEC, and Mr. and Mrs. Harold Pawlan, Ohio State law school in Columbus, OH, who the International Bauxite Association (IBA) Glencoe ------100.00 serves on the NLG International Committee and the maneuvers of three socialist Carib­ Mr. and M1:s. Mel Perelman, and Gay Caucus; George Conk, NLG National bean baux1te-pr0ducing countries, Guyana, Evanston ------25.00 Office; Jeff Goldstein; and Ramona Ripston, Jama.lea and Trinidad, which have close rela­ Mr. and Mrs. Edward Plnsof, Los Angeles NLG member and executive di­ tions with CUba. Winnetka------­ 100.00 rector of the Southern California ACLU, who A "people's auction" of NLG and movement Mr. and :Mrs. Karl Porges, Evan- with her husband, Henry d1Suvero, was for­ memorabilia was conducted by NLG national ston------100.00 merly co-director of the National Emergency treasurer Jeanne Mirer and Karen Jo Koonan :rvrr. and Mrs. Robert Richman, Civil Liberties Committee (NECLC), a of Los Angeles. For those who had the stam­ Glencoe------­ 25.00 CPUSA front. The presence of CPtrSA gen­ ina, a "down-home Texas party" followed. Mr. and Mrs. Edward Stern, eral counsel and Political Commission mem­ Evanston------25.00 ber John Abt was also noted as an indica­ M:s. Martha. W. Tolman, Evan- tion of the overwhelming importance being ston------25.00 placed on defeating S-1. Mr. Robert N. Vance, Chicago ___ _ 25.00 It is also of interest to note the NLG de­ THE lOTH CONGRESSIONAL DIS­ :rvrr. Irwin Weil, Evanston ______25. 00 scribed another priority as "Anti-Police TRICT OFFICE FUND Mr. Louis Werner, Evanston ---­ 50.00 work-the politics of doing anti-police work Mrs. Bird D. Wood, Evanston __ 30.00 in communities and connection to other Dr. Floyd Grover, Evanston ___ _ 25.00 struggles.". Ms. Sarah Guroff, Evanston ______5.00 The legal skills workshops continued in the HON. ABNER J. MIKV A Ms. Betty Harper, Evanston ____ _ 12.50 afternoon with the following: OF lLLINOIS Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Howland, Cross-examination techniques-Ben Mar­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Evanston ------­ 20.00 golis and Henry DiSuvero. Mr. and Mrs. Jack Jacobson, Jury selection-Methods of using social Tuesday, March 9, 1976 Skokie------12.50 science techniques in selecting the best pos­ Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ Mr. and Mrs. Mark Jacobson ___ _ 25.00 sible jury panel; primarily for criminal prac­ }.Ir. a.nd Mrs. Burton Joseph, tice." ing is a report of the receipts and ex­ Evanston ------100.00 Women in Court--Barbara Honig, Los An­ penditures of the 10th District office Ms. Alma C. Livermore, Evan- geles; Linda Huber, Washington, D.C.; and fund, a fund used exclusively to cover ston------25.00 Martha McCabe. nonpolitical expenses in connection with Ms. Stella Margolis, Evanston __ _ 10.00 Pro se defendants-Howard Moore, San my congressional office: Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Nathan, Highland Park ______Francisco; Ernie Goodman, Detroit; and Sam THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OFFICE FUND-­ 100.00 Gross. Discussed how to cond-qct a "political'' REPORT: JULY 2, 1975, TO DECEMBE& 31, 1975 Mr. and Mrs. Hubert Nexoii, trial with the defendant acting pro se as a Balance July 2, 1975______$119. 09 Glencoe------100.00 co-counsel, based on the Angela Davis and Receipts: Payment of balance on :Mr. and Mrs. Lowell Sachnoff, Attica trials. loan from office :'.:und to 10th Evanston ------100.00 Treaty Rights-Sacha. Harmon, who 1s Congressional District newsletter Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Silver, working on fishing rights cases in the Pacific 25.00 fund ------1,500.00 Mr.Evanston Louis J. ------Cohn, Chicago ____ _ Northwest; Tim Coulter, head of the NLG Contributions: 100.00 Treaty Defense Project; and members of the Mr. and Mrs. Myer Axelrod, Mr. and Mrs. A. A. Kov1tz, Wounded Knee Legal Defense/Offense Com­ 5.00 Evanston ------25. 00 Mr.Evanston Alan Press, ------Chicago ______mittee (WKLDOC). Discussion of how to Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Bell, 25.00 raise treaty issues-Indian tribes as separate Ms. Marie Nadelhofl'er, Evan- Evanston ------25.00 sovereign nations-in mass criminal defense Mr. and Mrs. Richard A. Berk, ston------10.00 cases. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Sllvern, Evanston ------10. 00 Guild skills-organizing NLG chapters, Ms. Elizabeth K. Beukema., Evanston ------20.00 newspapers and newsletters, etc. Jeanne Mr. and Mrs. Myron Whitman, Evanston ------12.50 M1rer, Mark Sauers, Rita Swencionis-Ford, Evanston ------5.00 Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Brady, Rabbi David Polish, Evanston __ _ Al Hirschfeld. Evanston------20.00 10.00 Women accused of violent crimes-Patti Mr. Charles Jerome Barclay, · Mr. and Mrs. Robert Haas, Glen- Roberts, Ann Fagan Ginger, Liz Schneider Evanston______12.50 coe------25.00 Mr. and Mrs. Solomon Hirsh, and Mary Morgan. Ideas for innovative de­ Mr. and Mrs. Ell Cohen, Evans- fense: includes • • • use of psychological 25.00 ton------5.00 Mr.Evanston Alex R. Seith,------Chicago ______testimony, discussion of the Inez Garcia case, Mr. and Mrs. Peter A. Dammann, 100.00 Mr. and Mrs. Harold Kaplan, ways of adapting volr dire to detect sexist Northfield ------100. 00 bias. Evanston ------25.00 Mr. George T. Dick.le, Evanston__ 10. 00 Mr. Ira 0. Glick, Evanston ____ ..:. custody issues-Dede Donovan, Lesbian Dr. and Mrs. Everon H. Ellis, 25.00 mothers' custody rights, forced visitation, Evanston______25.00 Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Goodman, Mr. Walter T. Fisher, Chicago___ 25. OD Evanston ------25.00 etc. Mr. and :Mrs. Milton Levenfeld, Mr. and Mrs. Harold S. Guetzkow, For those who still had the stamina, the Highland Park------­ 25.00 second series of workshops was followed by Evanston ----~------15.00 Mrs. Eliza.beth Robson, Glencoe __ Mr. Joseph Hackman, Evanston__ 100. 00 50.00 2-hour plus meetings of the anti-racist and Mrs. Ruth Roberg, Glencoe______50.00 anti-sexist task-forces and committees, in­ Mr. and Mrs. Franklyn Halman, Ms. Dorothy King, Evanston ___ _ 25.00 cluding: Police Crimes Task Force (Scott Evanston ------25.00 Keating); Military Task Force (Conct Mr. J. William Hayton, Evanston_ 100. 00 Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Lundy, Bokum); Third World Legal Resources Mr. and Mrs. Samuel S. Herman, Evanston ------25.00 (Jeanne Mlrer); National Interim Commit­ Glencoe------25.00 Ms. Elizabeth Bennett, Wil- tee on the Oppression of Women (Lynne Gel­ Mr. and Mrs. Marshall M. Holleb, mette ------25.00 lenbeck, National Office staff}; and the Com­ Chicago------100.00 Mr. and Mrs. Jerold Graff, Evan- mittee on Gay Oppre sion (Tom Steel and Mr. Irving M. Klotz, Evanston___ 10. 00 ston------·------25.00 Paul Albert). Mr. and Mrs. E. Herbert Krug, Mr. and Mrs. Brady Willamson, The evening was devoted to a presentation Evanston------25.00 ~fadison, Wis--~------100.00 Ii!larch 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6087 Mr. and Mrs. Irving Klem, Glen- O'NEILL JOBLESS RATE JUGGLING -based on the assumption that month-to­ coe------25.00 CHARGE, TIPSY month changes are proportionate to the Mr. and Mrs. Ben Cornelius, Wil- level of the series-does not properly mette ------25.00 apply to teenage unemployment. The Mr. and Mrs. Charles Feldstein, constant relationship within teenage un­ Evanston ------­ 25.00 HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON employment thus called for an additive Mr. and Mrs. Donald Baron, OF ILLINOIS seasonal adjustment for teenagers which Evanston------25.00 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. and Mrs. Lynn Willia.ms, was instituted with the 1976 figures. Winnetka------­ 100.00 Tttesday, March 9, 1976 Has this further modification in sea­ Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Rosen, sonal unemployment factors adulter­ Highland Park ______Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. 25.00 Speaker, yesterday our distinguished ated and minimized unemployment Mr. and Mrs. George Sample, majority leader

l I 6090 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 10, 1976 wills with respect to the future. Though it Academic discourse typically proceeds by suggest that more important than the advice, is true that the legislature frequently works means of advocacy. A thesis is taken and "Let us be scientific," is the advice, "Let us on existing a.nd even ancient material, it pushed to its limits. Balance of judgment is look to our basic principles." It would be can make new law in a sense which is quite frequently lacking. An entire career may be tragic if the widespread acceptance of a precluded to the judge. It legislates where carved out of the brilliant and continuing judicial ouUook based on a now defunct the Judge interprets. By no possible exten­ defense of a position that will eventually be philosophy were to lead us to abandon cer­ sion of his office can a judge int1·oduce new rejected. The ivory tower metaphor when tain time-honored principles in a quest for 1·ules for the compensation of injured em­ utilized to describe the academy is not with­ unrealizable utopias. Just as within the ployees, for the rate of taxation, fo1· the ap­ out some justification. Similarly, it is with church the faith may be more securely and propriation of public monies or for the dis­ reason that the second position described is orthodoxly held by the people than the bursement of natural resources. Yet the known both as American realism and as soci­ theologians, so too, for judicial decision, the legislature does function in such a manner. ological idealism. Downgrading the role of common views of the populace may be a Thus, it is seen that only in a secondary principle, the pragmatist tends to place un­ more reliable guide to legislation than the sense does the court make law. Every act due emphasis on the aid of the social sciences untested theories of the professional. of interpretation shapes something new, but in determining social goals. ·whether one would go that far or not, it is the creative power of the courts is limited Attention may be called to another factor certain that the conclusions of the social by existing legal materials. Whereas it can be which introduces an element of risk into sciences, ·before they can be admitted before said that the courts find material and shape dependence upon the academy for the deter­ the bar, have to 1'e scrutinzed by intelligence it, the legislature can be said to manu­ mination of social objectives. Particularly on shaped in an entirely different fashion. If a facture entirely new material. the American scene, there tends to be a split Trojan horse, bearing doubtful policy, is not There are a number of factors to be ad­ between the values of the university and to be admitted within the gates, intelligence vanced in support of this view. For one thing, those of the community. Many a parent has shaped by experience, tradition, history and law must harmonize with the body of gen­ sent a child to the university to find upon philosophical considerations must be brought eral principles accepted by the populace as the student's return that his training there to bear. Critical intelligence must be asked a whole. The legislature is likely to be more has subverted everything held dear by the to scrutinize not only the inherited, but responsive to the code of prevailing convic­ family. The academy has long held itself to the 1·eeently discovered as well. It may turn tions, call it popular consciousness or public be a critic of established institutions. Reject­ out that the basic principles relevant to opinion. Legislators are representatives of ing the role of a transmitter of traditional legislation were known in antiquity, and the people who invest them with authority. intellectual, moral and cultural values, it that our predecessors have something to say It would be naive to maintain that rep1·esen­ has construed its function to be that of an to us across the ages. Here, those steeped tation means a mechanical carrying out of agent in making men critical of the beliefs in the history of philosophy have an ad­ a mandate. The mandate of any representa­ and practices they have inherited. vantage over the now-directed instru­ tive body or any single individual within it The roots of this attitude may be found in mentalist. Mindful of the common features can be only in the most general terms. Yet a now discredited 19th century positivism of human nature, the historical-minded is the principle of representative government which gratuitously decreed that certitude mora inclined both to learn from past suc­ does insure that a plurality of community in­ lies only in science, and then narrowly de­ cesses and failure and to pay attention to the terests are represented in the legislative proc­ fined science as that ideally practiced by f tndamental sources of law. ess. Legislation is hammered out as compet­ mathematical physics. According to its advo­ A sound philosophy of judicial decision ing interests vie for ascendancy. These are cates, science was henceforth to supply the will avoid identifying law simply with the the interests of taxpayer . of n1anufn.cturers, direction which was obviously not forthcom­ will of the legislature, on the one hand, and of laborers, of builders, of craftsmen, of edu­ ing from traditional metaphysics or religion. will avoid a simple and uncritical reliance cators, of parents, of corporations, and o~ re­ Nothing was to be left untested by empirical on the natural and social sciences, on the cipients of legislative benefice. The legisla­ canons. Each of those values which survived other. It will recognize that behind the law tion shaped as a result of the conflict of com­ such a test were to be justified by a rationale that is legislated is the law which ought to munity interests is usually a tissue of com­ supplied by the sciences. Technological suc­ be, that behind the goals proposed by the promises. Rarely does any one group succeed cess stemming from the sometimes a.mazing social engineer are the hidden pre-scientific in dominating the legislature for any length discoveries of the new sciences encouraged principles which shape his dreams. The Ju­ of time. Though log-rolling and pork-bar­ this attitude. Only that knowledge which diciary cannot be blind to principle any more reling are common practices, there are checks could fit into the model of science as meas­ than it can ignore legislative intent. Those and balances. Representatives are elected to urement was to be regarded as certain or principles which tend to be most relevant terms of office and may be recalled, and their reliable. This attitude produced a. behavior­ to the lawmaking process are the generic enactments, at least in the United States, ism in the social sciences from which they principles which bear upon human nature, are subject to judicial review. have yet to 1·ecover. One of the effects of this known to all men at all times. To those the The competition of special interest groups positivistic approach was to suppress an open academy offers no special witnes.5, though in a legislature seems less a danger to sound and honest discussion of principle, because the defense of these principles against the legislation than an activist court pursuing principle cannot be discussed by such skeptic may require the enlistment of the certain ideological goals in opposltion to the methods. most learned and sophisticated amongst its good sense of the people. The courts seem pe­ Unfortunately, where value judgments are ranks. culiarly vulnerable to ideological pressure, not consciously dealt with, they still have a especially when those ideologie enjoy the Since judicial decision is a prudential de­ subtle way of directing inquiry and results. cision and not an hypothesis to be tested ex­ support of the academy. In the United No one object-s to the enlistment of the perimentally, its justice will depend upon States, the prevailing views in the univ~rsi­ social sciences in determining social goals. It ties seem able to influence the courts 1n a the theoretical and practical wisdom of the is contended, however, that a close examina­ magistrate. "The reason which the judge ap­ way in which they are not able to influence tion of the role which the sciences play in the legislatures. plies is," as Coke said, "not every unlearned the determination of law will disclose that man's reason, but that technically trained This is not to minimize the role played by that role is largely instrumental. The data sense of legal right with which his learning other instruments of opinion such as the provided by the relevant sciences are indis­ imbues him. His decision will be reached bv communications media. But the media them­ pensible for enlightened judgment, but the appealing to a kind of natural justice or com:. selves tend to reflect the reigning values of wisdom which determines decision is drawn mou sense whtch he has absorbed from the the academy. I do not recall whether it was from sources other than the sciences. Some­ study of law and which he believe· consistent Daniel P. Moynihan or William Buckley who times the sciences appear to offer more than with the general principles of jurisprudeuc3." first said, "I would rather be governed by they actually do qua sciences. Frequently If this analysis is correct, the unexamined the first one thousand names in the Boston their data come laden with value judgments principles of both judicial decision and telephone directory than by the faculty of unreflectively held by the investigator. There legislative iutent are largely philosophical. Harvard College," but the quip does have its is no problem when these judgments are The effort needed to direct intellectual at­ point. Though this is not the place to ex­ sound. But bad philosophy has a way of tention to common goals may be more than amine the problem in detail, there are rea­ creeping into the sciences, particularly those the government itself can effect. Philoso­ sons why one can often have more confidence which have man as their object. Ideology phers and theologians as varied as Lippmann, in the enlightened judgment of the common does in fact play a larger role in social in­ Adler, Sidney Hook and John C. Murray have man than in that of the academician. vestigat.ion than some would have us be­ in the recent past addressed themselves to In the law which pertains to the regulation lieve. Often a g1·eat deal of sophistication is tbe need for an articulated public philosophy of commerce and industry, the technician's required to distinguish genuine science, as the ground for concerted action. Maritain testimony is invaluable. But in the determi­ value laden science and simply poor philoso­ suggests that one of the most valuable serv­ nation of social goals, similar te timony, free phy passing itself off by means of the ices which religion renders society is to focus of ideological advocacy, is hard to find. This rhetoric of science. A cursory reading of attention on the larger intellectual issues, ::-terns in part from the fact that the social undergraduate textbooks in the various not to mention the direction of individual sciences as social sciences are in no position social disciplines will reveal that much that to comm.unal ends. He goes so far as to say to recommend social goals. But it is also due is presented in the name of science is not that Western democracies are living off the in part to the very nature of the academic science at all but philosophy unconsciously capital of Christianity and to the extent enterprise where knowledge is frequently ad­ embraced and frequently innocent of that its influence is diminished, to that ex­ vanced only through a dialectical process of alternatives. tent t.ho e governments are vulnerable. give and take. The point in calling attention to this is to Analysis of this type is both difficult and 11t.f arch 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6091 rare. But whatever vantage point one ulti­ It is high time the Congress reassessed trict rose 24.4 percent in 1975, an ongoing mately embraces, lt shoulcl be evident that its priorities, and focused its attention -on food survey conducted by my staff shows the debate is worthwhlle. the needs of our own people first. a decrease of 1.4 percent between Novem­ Earlier in the week; I exercised my vote ber 1975 and January 1976. against the International Security Assistance Act of 1976-one of several The average price of a 31-ltem market STATEMENT BY THE HONORABLE basket dropped from $26.62 on Novem­ WILLIAM M. KETCHUM programs covered under the foreign assistance program-which authorizes ber 12 to $20.33 on January 24. During $4.8 billion in military assistance alone the same pel'iod, the average price of HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM for fiscal year 1976, an increase of 244 eight meat items dropped 7.1 peroent OF CALIFORNIA percent over the new obligational au­ from $12.l'T to $11.30, according to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thority for U.S. military assistance for survey. fiscal year 1975. The astronomical eost of Tuesday, March 9, 1976 this legislation was not my sole drawback My staff and I ha-ve been charting food Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, this to the bill. prices 1n the 10th District since June House has just approved an additional Authorization of this program calls 1975. The survey includes food stores $5.4 billion in new obligational authority for the lifting of the trade embargo now throughout the distrlct--Evanston, Park for foreign assistance programs. I do not iml}osed on North and South Vietnam Ridge, Wilmette, Lincolnwood, Winnetka, deny that there are several good pro­ by the administration for nonstrategic Northbrook, Des Plaines, Niles, Mort.on visions incorparated in this appropria­ goods and technology. The excuse for Grove, Glenview, and Skokie. tions bill, however, for us to continually this sell out is that we must make an Often there are inconsistencies be­ put out money we do not have to na­ effo11i at "reconciliation" and demon­ tions around the world while our citizens strate "humanitarianism" toward Viet­ tween food stores within the same chain. are struggling with the dual burdens of nam. Are we now to shake the hand of For example, the Dominick's in Des inflation and recession at home is out­ the enemy which still refuses to Mcount Plaines, 767 Golf Road, sold sirloin rageous. I believe that foreign aid in for our missing men? Are we to assist the steak-with bone--for $2.19 per pound the form of "barter," with natural re­ country which cost ·the United States so in January, whereas the Dominick's in sources or some service returned by the dearly in lives and dollars for so many Evanston, 919 Church, sold sirloin steak country receiving the aid from us, would years? for $2.09 per pound on the same day. strike a better balance. This bill guar­ For this reason alone I would have There was a 49-cent difference in their antees no such recompense! thought my colleagues to have the de­ eight item meat case. which includes Obviously, many of my colleagues in cency to vote against the bill. Resuming basic meat products most often pur..: the House were not fully acquainted trade with Vietnam would be little more with the figures. We have given away than feeding the hand which has bitten chased. over half our national debt in foreign aid us over and over again. Let alone it rep­ Two National stores in Wilmette over the past 29 years. Prior to this bill, resents a congressional intrusion into showed a difference in the price of loin we gave or loaned $170,303,600,000 most executive branch conduct of foreign p-ol­ pork chops-$1.98 in the 1108 Central of which we bad to borrow since we were icy. Avenue Store to $1.49 in the 1101 Skokie running a deficit in the budget. This Another issue contained in this au­ Avenue store in January. The difference combined with the total interest of thorization bill is the availability of se­ in their meat cases was 89 cents-$10.62 $115,575,500.000 due on this aid from curity assistance contingent uPOn the 1946 to 1975, brings m to a grand total observance of human rights. Since when to $9.73. of $285,879,100,000 frittered away or has the executive branch or the Con­ One of the most import.ant increases loaned away in foreign aid since World gress had the right to set itself UP as influencing families' grocery bills was War II. judge and jury in matters properly the the recent increase in the price of dairy Much of our foreign assistance has concern of the people of other nations. products. Milk rose 2.5 percent and been in the form of long-term, low- These -are just a few of the objection­ cheese was 3.3 percent more expensive in 1nterest loans for .economic development. able foreign aid giveaway programs con­ January 1976 compared to the Novem­ While some nations have utilized this ta1ned in the foreign assistance and re­ aid in a commendable fashion, 124 na­ lated programs appropriations bill for ber 1975 prices. The increase is attributed tions are curr.ently in arrears more than fiscal year 1976. Our domestic priorities by the Department of Agriculture to 90 days on repayment of our loans, and necessitate a dramatic change in our higher costs of processing the milk and 71 of those 124 are falling still further wasteful and counterproductive foreign to the effect of the 1974 grain shortage. behind in their payments. We have been aid programs. It strikes me as being Another major finding in the most re­ taken advantage of far too many times ironic that the administration's annual cent survey was the decrease in the price by countries who have demonstrated request for more foreign and militazy of some meats. Bacon dropped 13.1 p~r­ their appreciation by seizing our tuna assistance should come during the same cent and pork chops decreased 12 percent boats or raising the price of crude oil. period that Congress is asked to make What shall we tell the Amertean tax­ severe cutbacks in funding for medical from November to January. Fluctuations payer when he finds it tough to get a care, housing, and education for the in the grain market are again held re­ mortgage, that the money he needs is go­ American people. I personally have re­ sponsible by the Department of Agricul­ ing to tuna boat pirates in Ecuador, ter­ ceived hordes of mail denouncing this ture-with more abundant feed now rorists in Portugal, and to arm the in­ profligate practice of our Government~ available, the prices, especially of pork, effective U.N. forces in Cyprus? When our Federal Government faces a have been driven down, according to Ag­ Another paint of contention in this bill $75 billion budget deficit, I for one can­ riculture spokesmen. is the authorization of 406 new construc­ not with a clear conscience support such The food surveys are being conducted tion starts for various public works pro­ irresponsible legislation. jects in foreign lands. While the public by my 16 high school interns: Mary An­ works budget currently in preparation derson and Paulette Loch of Des Plaines; for public works projects in our home Karl Ahler, Esther Levin, and Richard country authorizes not one new start. FOOD PRICES IN THE l()TH DISTRICT Murphy of Evanston; Joyce Hanson and Furthermore, a preview of the 1977 Claire Weiler of Glencoe; Mary Sexton budget proposals reveals no new public works starts on the home front. of Glenview; Mark Eissman of Lincoln­ I have consistently protested extrav­ HON. ABNER J. MIKVA wood; Robert Wagner of Park Ridge; agant and most often wasteful foreign OF ILLlNOtS Greg Marmel and Judl Sharlot of Skokie: aid programs, and I do not intend to stop IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Roger Doughty, Steve Lustig, and Harry now. I see no justification for spending Tuesday, March 9, 19'16 Rhodes of Wilmette; and Lynn Fitz­ billions of taxpayers' dollars on economic Hugh of Winnetka. projects abroad, which we cannot even Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, although afford to provide our own people at home. food prices in the 10th Congressional Dis- The survey follows:

. 6092 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 10, 1976 FOOD SURVEY RESULTS- CHARGE PER STORE FROM NOV. 22, 1975, TO JAN ." 24, 1976

Market basket Market basket Percent Meat case Percent Percent Meat case Percent Town and store Price change price change Town and store Price change price change

Evanston: Des Plaines: Dominick's •••••••••••••••• $20.65 +.20 $12.69 +s.5 Dominick's . • ••••• ------· 20. 16 -3.3 12. 20 + 4. 2 Jewel. •••• -----·-········· 20.36 -2.6 11. 40 -10.0 Jewel. ••••• ___ ...•...... •• 20.36 -2.1 10. 95 -13. 5 Park Ridge: NationaL ... .•...•.. ...•• • 20.11 -.19 10.22 -13.2 Dominick's •••••••••••••••• 20.55 +1.9 12.50 +10.0 Niles: JeweL •.••••.•••••.••••••• 20.37 -4.2 11. 00 -16.0 JeweL ..... ------.. ---- 20. 27 -3.3 11.40 -10.5 Wilmette: NationaL •...... •. ••..•••• 19. 74 -2.5 + 9.81 -14.6 Jewel •••.••••••.•••••••••• 20.55 -2.0 11.55 -9.1 Morton Grove: National \S.) ••••••••••••••• 20.12 -1.2 9. 73 -19.0 Dominick's ... ___ ...... •••• 20. 27 +.09 12. 50 + 9.8 National C.) •••••••••••••• 20.23 -.3 10.62 -9.1 Jewel. ••.•.•.. ...•. ------20.28 -4.9 11. 26 -13. 9 Treasure sland •••••••••••• 20.01 -3.0 11.65 -5.9 Glenview: National. . . •...... • 21.40 +5.1 12.68 + 6. 2 Li ncolnwood: Skokie: Kohl's •••••••••••••••••••• 20.29 -.09 11. 77 -4.8 Jewel.._. ______. ------__ • 20.66 -3.5 11. 55 -12. 3 National. ••••••••••••••••• 19.84 -2.3 10.22 -13.0 National. ••.•..• ------20.11 -2.3 10.12 -17.8 Winnetka: A & P••••••••.•••••••••••• 21.05 +1.6 12.43 +1.6 District average •• ------20.33 -1.4 11. 30 -7.1 Jewel ••••••••••••••••••••• 20.46 -2.0 11.90 -5.7 Northbrook: By Chain.: . , Jewel. ••••.•••...••••••••• 20.36 -3.5 11.40 -11.2 Domm1ck s .•..•... •....••• 20.40 -.04 12.47 +8.8 National •••••••••••.•••••• 19. 90 -2.0 9. 79 -17. 9 National...... __ ...... •••• 20.18 -.64 10. 39 -12.4 Jewel. •.. ______. • ------20.40 -3.1 11. 37 -1.5 A & p ·······------21. 05 +1.6 12. 43 +1.6 Kohl's ___ ...•.•••.••. ----. 20. 29 +.02 11. 77 -4.8 Treasure Island •.•.•...... • 20.01 -3.0 11.65 -5.9

FOOD SURVEY RESULTS, PER ITEM AVERAGE FROM NOV, 22 "which shall function as an effective political nado, NYC National Office; Peter Rubin, San 1975, TO JAN. 24, 1976 and social force in the service of the people, Francisco; Mara Siegel, Chicago; Fred Solo· to the end that human rights shall be re­ wey, Grand Jury Project, Washington, DC; Percent garded as more sacred than property inter­ Gloria. Well-Herrera., Los Angeles; Ph11ip Item Price change ests." Weinberg, Boston and Mike Withey, Seattle; The proposed revision of the NLG p1·e­ are expected to help in organizing such legal Sirloin steak {with bone) .••••••••••••• $1.84 -1.6 pared by the New York City chapter read support. Boneless rolled rump roasL •••••••••••• 1.52 ~.l in part: After still more workshops, the evening Pork chops, loin/rib ••••..••••••••••••• 1.90 -12 Oscar Mayer beef hot dogs ••••••••.•••• 1.23 -6.1 "The National Lawyers Guild, a demo­ presentation consisted of three simultaneous 0 .65 -7.1 cratic organization of lawyers, law students, political discussions on busing, on the Sino­ ~~~c:i~te~~ f~Ul~iiei.·.::::::::::::: 1.46 -11.5 legal workers and jailhouse lawye1·s, is Soviet split and third world positions, and Ground beef (75 percent lean) •••••••.•• 1. 01 -2.8 dedicated to the need for basic change in on Zionism as racism. Armour bacon •••.•••.•••••••••••••••• 1.65 -13.l Bananas ..••.•••••.•••.•.• -•• -••••••• .28 0 the structui·e of our political and economic The debate on the UN resolution denounc­ String beans.------· .66 +.01 system. • • " ing Zionism as racism (and requiring UN Iceberg lettuce (per head) •••..•.•••••• • 52 -8.7 "We believe that the political/economic member nations to submit yearly reports on Eggs {grade "A' large) •••••••••••••••• ,85 +3.6 system in the United States, which puts prof­ % gal 2 percent lowfat milk .••••••••••• .79 +2.5 what they are doing to stamp it out) was Kraft American cheese (16 slice) •••••••• 1.22 +3.3 its before people, is incapable of meeting between Steve Lubet and Abdeen Jabara., an ,82 +1.2 the basic needs of the vast majority of the NLG member from Detroit who ls presently t~~~:rue~:::Philadelphia; AnJ.y the NLG in 1965 and has served in local the Guild's aim was to form an organization Gladstein, NYC; Migdalia "Miggie'' Maldo- chapter executive positions since that time. B1arch 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6093 His cases have included "Black Panther Art Heitzer, Milwaukee. Cecile Singer, Chicago. harassment cases, Grand Jury defense work, Al Herschfield, Los Angeles. Sandy Smales, Pittsburgh. prison cases, work on the case against the Louis Hiken, Dakland. Bill Smith, Los Angeles. Weatherpeople arising out of the Flint con­ Al Horn, Atlanta. Fred Solowey, Washington, D.C. ference, Attica Brothers defense, [and] work Bob Hodges, Chicago. Doug Sorensen, Menlo Park, Cali!. on the lawsuit brought to enjoin the Detroit Oliver W. Holmes. Tom Steel. Police killer squad known as Stress." Alan Houseman. Allison Steiner. NLG national Vice-President 1s attorney Steve Huber. Bill Steiner. Mary Alice Theiler, a Guild member since Linda Huber, Washington, D.C. Joe Stork, Washington, D.C. 1971, former Wayne State Law School stu­ Nan Hunter, Chicago. Kathy Stout, Los Angeles. dent who clerked for Goodman, Eden, Good­ Abdeen Jabara, Detroit. Susan Susman, New York. man, Millender and Bedrosian. She was a Barbara Johnson, Los Angeles. Rita Swencionis-Ford. member of the 1974 NLG delegation to Cuba Mary Joyce Johnson, Atlanta. Mary Alice Theiler, Seattle. and has worked as a member of the National Craig Kaplan. Sam Trosow, Los Angeles. Office staff since the 1974 convention. She has Sander Karp, Denver. Laura Uddenberg. now moved to Seattle to enter private prac­ Hank Kastner, Houston. Stanley Varon, Newark, N.J. tice. Scott Keating. Lawrence A. Vogelman, New York. Jeanne Mirer of Cambridge, MA, was re­ Mike Kelley, Los Angeles. Alan Vomacka, Houston. elected National Treasurer. The NLG resolved Mike Kogan, Los Angeles. Rick Wagner, New York. to target stopping S-1 as a major priority, Karen Jo Koonan, Los Angeles. Dick Wasserstrom. followed by targeting support for "workers Chris Knowlton, Los Angeles. Benita Whitman. struggles for democratic rights" and suits to Rob Kropp, Los Angeles. Philip Weinberg, Boston. increase minority law school admissions. Mike Krinsky, New York. Donald Wilen, New York. Persons involved with the National Law­ Karen Kueker, Houston. Elliot Wilk, New York. yers Guild convention included the following James Larson, San Francisco. Mike Withey, Seattle. with the names based on phonetic spelling: Rob Leventer, Los Angeles. Stan Wolf. John J. Abt, New York City. David Addle­ Judith Liben, Somerville, Mass. Kate Yavenditti. stone, Washington, D.C. Warren Adler, Los Laurie Liebermann, Los Angeles. Bill Zoske, Tex. ,Angeles. Paul Albert, Frank Alvarez, Joan Joe Lipotsky, Somerset, N.J. l\fatt Zwerling, San Franclso. Andersson, Los Angeles. Dan Aterman, New Craig Livingstone. York. John Atlas, Ft. Lee, N.J. Ed Augustine, Barry Litt, Los Angeles. Athens, GA. Paula Litt, Los Angeles. Catherine Baird, Los Angeles. Joe Beller, Cary Lowe, Los Angeles. Miami. Cindy Bendat, Los Angeles. Mark W. Guido A. Loyola, Schenectady. BROADCAST COVERAGE OF Bennet, Des Moines. Phyllis Bennis, Los An­ Steve Lubet. THE HOUSE geles. fnu Besbris, Kalamazoo. Paul Bigman, Mike Magnuson. Chicago. Pat Billington, Louisville. Gary Blasi, Migdalia Maldonado, New York. Los Angeles. Ellis Boal. Concl Bokum. Sand Judy Malone, Houston. Brim, Los Angeles. Phil Brimble, Los Angeles. Cabell Marshall, Athens, Ga. HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON John C. Brittain, Jr., San Francisco. Pam Benjamin Margolis, Los Angeles. OF ILLINOIS Britton, New York. Robyn E. Brown, Phoenix. Jim.Mauro. Bonnie Brower, New York. Ruth Buechler, Martha McCabe. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Denver. Rob Burkett, Los Angeles. :Mary Ellen Terry McGuire, Los Angeles. Tuesday, March 9, 1976 Burns. Dick Burr, Lexington, Ky. Bob Bush, Robert Metcalf, Minneapolis. Los Angeles. Janet Bush, Los Angeles. Tim­ Daniel Millstone, New York. Mr. ANDERSON of lliinois. Mr. Speak­ othy Charles Butz, Washington, D.C. N. David Howard Moore, San Francisco. er, I rise to inform Members that the Buffington, Atlanta. Jon Moore, Chicago. Rules Committee markup on House Res­ Len Cavise, New York, Juan Chacon, USWA Mary Morgan, San Francisco. olution 875 which provides for the broad­ Local 890. George Conk, New York. Marjorie Ruth Moscovitch, Chicago. cast coverage of House floor proceedings, Cohn, San Francisco. Nancy Collins, Chicago. Harold Myerson, NYC Guild president. originally set for this Wednesday morn­ Robin Collins. Jeff Cook, Los Angeles. Tim Bob Oakley, Akron. Coulter. Grant Crandall. Penny Crandall. Peggy O'Hara, Los Angeles. ing, has now been twice rescheduled and Clemmie Cummins, Houston. Patrick Cusack, Tony Omer, Los Angeles. is tentatively set for next Wednesday, New York. Carol Oppenheimer, Austin. March 17. I would hope this does not Larry Daves, Tyler, Tex., Andrea Davis, Los Steve Orel, Los Angeles. mark the beginning of a deliberate effort Angeles. Karen Detamore, Philadelphia. Andy Parnes. to delay or kill the resolution in the Rules Henry M. DiSuvero, Los Angeles. Dede Dono­ Frank Pestana, Los Angeles. Committee. Our Ad Hoc Subcommittee van. Jim Douglas. Jeff Dworkin, Cleveland Steve Piccola. on Broadcasting, of which I am the rank­ Heights. Vernell Pratt. Steve Early, Monpelier, Vt. Dick Eiden. John Quigley, Columbus, Ohio. ing minority member, was at least led Los Angeles. Elaine Espencheid, Buffalo. Victor Rabinowitz, New York. to believe that we had addressed al:i the Caryn Espo, Venice, Calif. Patti Reber, Los Angeles. problems which the majority leadership Francis Fabian, Buffalo. Jim Felker, Hous­ Jim Reif, Brooklyn. had with this resolution. After meeting ton. Paula Felker, Houston. Mary Ann Ford, Denise Reinhardt, West Orange, N.J. with the Speaker and majority leader on Los Angeles. Jane Fox, Iowa City. Joanne Doug Rippey. February 24, 1976, the subcommittee Frankfurt, Santa Barbara. Sandor Fuchs. Ramona Ripston, Los Angeles. agreed to go back to the drawing board Lynn Gellenbeck, New York. Jennie Rhine, Occidental, Cali!. on the resolution which we had originally Robert Gib-bs, Brooklyn. Norman Roberts, Los Angeles. Ten-y Gilbert, Cleveland. Patti Roberts, San Francisco. reported to the full Rules Committee 011 Ann Gilmore, Boston. David Rockwell, Cambridge, Mass. February 4, 1976. Ann Fagan Ginger, Berkeley. Bob Roddick, Los Angeles. The main concerns which had been Abbey Ginsberg, San Francisco. Bobbi Rodkin. raised by the leadership involved the Amy Gladstein, New York. James Roth, East Orange, N.J. Speaker's prerogatives for control of the Art Goldberg, Los Angeles. Melinda Rorick, Oakland. House Chamber, the role and makeup of Ernest Goodman, Detroit. Susan Rowely, New York. the proposed Broadcast Advisory Boru.·d, William Goodman, Detroit. Peter Rubin, San Francisco. John Grant, Los Angeles. David Rudovsky, Philadelphia. and the fa.ct that we had mentioned the Sherry Grant, Los Angeles. Howard Sacks, Los Angeles. network pool arrangement in the resolu­ Marion Gray, Chicago. Steven Sattzman, Cleveland. tion. With respect to the latter, the main Adam Green, Los Angeles. Mark Sauers, Los Angeles. objection was not to the fact that we felt Lisa Green, Los Angeles. Liz Schneider. a network pool was best equipped to cov­ Sam Gross. Rudy Schware, Denver. er our proceedings, but rather that a Aubrey Grossman, San Francisco. Jeff Segal. House resolution should specify a par­ Susan Hewman, Washington, D.C. Sol Seltzer, San Jose. Jeff Haas, People's Law Office, Chicago. fnu Siegel, New York. ticular private party to be contracted Sasha Harmon. Loren Siegel, Chicago. . with. Bill Hazelton, Denver. :M:ara. Siegel, Chicago. On Thursday, March 4, the subcom­ Tobi Herman, New York. Garry Silbiger, Los Angeles. n1ittee reconvened to consider a pack­ Neil Herring, Los Angeles. Marty Simon. age of additional amendments designed

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\ 6094 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS lvlan;Ji 1 O, 1976 to meet all the concerns raised by the the American people to more directly Jam es P. (Jim) Johnson (R-Colo.). leadership. Specifically, the revised res­ partcipate in the democratic process Jack F. Kemp (R-N.Y.). olution we adopted placed responsibility through the electronic media upon which Edward I. Koch (D-N.Y.). for implementing the new broadcast rule they rely for most of their information Robert J. Lagomarsino (R-Calif.). under the Speaker, rather than the Rules W11liam Lehman (D-Fla.) . about government and politics. Elliott H . Levitas (D-Ga.). Committee; created a bipartisan Broad­ At this point in the RECORD, Mr. Manuel Lujan, Jr. (R-N.Mex.). cast Advisory Board under the Speaker, Speaker, I include a full listing of all Robert McCiory (R-Dl.). rather than the Rules Committee, to as­ House Members who have sponsored Mike McCormack (D-Wash.). sist him in that responsibility; and de­ broadcast resolutions in this Congress: Matthew F. McHugh (D-N.Y.). leted all references in the resolution to [Source: Legislative Calendar, Committee on Stewart B. McKinney (R-Conn.). the network pool. Rules, Feb. 19, 1976] Edward R . Madig:.m (R-Dl.). Andrew Maguire (D-N.J.). Despite these changes, the resolution HOUSE S PONSORS OF BROADCAST RES OLUTIONS still retains the basic concepts developed Spark M. Matsunaga (D-Hawa ii). IN THE 94TH CONGRESS ROlll'l.llO L. Mazzoli (D-Ky.). by the subcommittee: a. A new House James Abdnor (R-S. Dak.) . Lloyd Meeds (D-Wash.). rule XLV which begins: Bella s. Abzug (D-N.Y.). Ralph H . Metcalfe (D-Ill.). Television and radio coverage of the pro­ John B. Anderson (R-Ill.). Helen S. Meyner (D-N.J.) . ceedings of th& proceedings in the House Mark Andrews (R-N. Dak.) . Edward Mezvinsky (D-Iowa). Chamber shall be provided on a continuous W111iam L. Armstrong (R-Colo.) . Abner J . Mikva (D-Ill.). basis while the House is in session • • • : " John M. Ashbrook (R-Ohio) . Dale Milford (D.Tex.). Les AuCoin (D-Oreg.). George Miller (D-Calif.) . b. That the broadcast coverage should Herman Badlllo (D-N.Y.) . Norman Y. Mineta (D-Calif.). be available for public purposes, through L.A. (Skip) Bafalls (R-Fla.). Donald J. Mitchell (R-N.Y.). the broadcast media and the Library of Alvin Baldus (D-Wis.). Ant hony Toby Moffett (D-Conn.). Congress in public viewing rooms and Max Baucus (D-Mont.). Carlos J. Moorhead (R-Calif.) . by loans to libraries and educational Edward P. Beard (D-R.I.) . William S. Moorhead (D-Pa.) . institutions; Alphonzo Bell (R-Callf.) . Morgan F. Murphy (D-Ill.). c. That all broadcasters should have Charles E. Bennett (D-Fla.) . Richard Nolan (D-Minn.). Edward G. Biester, Jr. (R-Pa.). George !I.I. O'Brien (R-Ill.) . access to coverage and be free to use Jonathan B. Bingham (D-N.Y.). J ames G. O 'Hara (D-Mich.) . whatever portions of debates they desire James J. Blancha.rd (D-Mich.). Richard L . ottinger (D-N.Y.). for broadcast purposes; Edward P. Boland (D-Mass.). Ed ward W. Pattison (D-N.Y.). d. That broadcast coverage in no way Jack Brooks (D-Tex.). Claude Pepper (D-Fla.) . be limited or terminated except by res­ William S. Broomfield (R-Mich.) . Peter A. Peyser (R-N.Y.) . olution of the House or invocation of the Clarence J. Brown (R-Ohio). Larry Pressler (R-S. Dak.) . secret session rule; George E. Brown, Jr. (D-Calif.). Richardson Preyer (D-N.C.). James T. Broyhill (R-N.C.). Joel Pritchard (R-Wash.). e. That broadcast coverage of our pro­ Clair W. Burgener (R-Calif.) . Albert H. Quie (R-Minn.). ceedings not be used for commercial or Yvonne Brathwaite Burke (D-Cali!. John J. Rhodes (R-Ariz.). political campaign purposes; M. Caldwell Butler (R-Va.). Frederick W. Richmond (D-N.Y.). f. That recordings of proceedings Bob Carr (D-Mich.). Donald W. Riegle, Jr. (D-Mich.) . maintained by the Lib1·ary of Congress James C. Cleveland (R-N.H.). Mat thew J. Rinaldo (R-N.J .) . be available only for research, reference Thad Cochran (R-Miss.). Robert A. Roe (D-N.J.). and viewing purposes, not for reproduc­ Silvio Conte (R-Mass.). Charles Rose (D-N.C.). John Conyers, Jr. (D-Mich.). Benjamin S. Rosenthal (D-N.Y.). tion, and that no edited versions be made Lawrence Coughlin (R-Pa.). Leo J. Ryan (D-Calif.). available to any person for any purpose; Christopher J. Dodd (D-Conn.). Ronald A. Sarasin (R-Conn.). g. That the House exercise strict over­ Thomas J. Downey (D-N.Y.). James H. Scheuer (D-N.Y.). sight of the operation of the broadcast Robert F. Drinan (D-Mass.). Patricia Schroeder (D-Colo.). system through annually renewable con­ Robert Duncan (D-Oreg.) • Keith G. Sebelius (R-Kans.) . tracts, the Broadcast Advisory Board, Pierre S. (Pete) du Pont (R-Del.) . Garner E. Shriver (R-Kans. . Bob Eckhardt (D-Tex.). B. F. Sisk (D-Calif.). and periodically mandated reviews by Robert W. Edgar (D-Pa.). Stephen J. Solarz (D-N.Y.) . the Rules Committee; and Don Edwards (D-Calif.). Gladys Noon Spellman (D-Md.). h. That listening devices be made David F. Emery (R-Maine) . J . William Stanton (R-Ohio) . available in the offices of Members and Glenn English (D-Okla.) . Fortney H. (Pete) Stark (D-Callf.). committtes t.o permit the monitoring John N. Erlenborn (R-Dl.) . Alan Steelman (R-Tex.). of floor proceedings. Marvin L. Esch (R-Mich.) . William A. Steiger (R-Wis.). Edwin D. Eshleman (R-Pa.). Gerry E. Studds (D-Mass.) . Mr. Speaker, now that our subcom­ Dante B. Fascell (D-Fla.). James W. Symington (D-Mo.). mittee has complied with the wishes of Millicent Fenwick (R-N.J.) . Steven D. Symms (R-Idaho). the majority leadership and made the Paul Findley (R-Dl.). Burt L. Talcott (R-Calif.). necessary changes in our resolution, I William D . Ford (D-Mich.). Frank Thompson, Jr. (D-N.J.). am hopeful that the Rules Committee Donald M. Fraser (D-Minn.). Charles Thone (R-Nebr.). can proceed with the markup and report­ Blll Frenzel (R-Minn.). Lionel Van Deerlin (D-Calif.). Louis Frey, Jr. (R-Fla.). Henry A. Waxman (D-Calif.). ing in a timely fashion so that we can Don Fuqua (D-Fla.). Charles w. Whalen, Jr. (R-Ohio). meet our goal of beginning broadcasting Robert N. Giaimo (D-Conn.). Timothy E. Wirth (D-Colo.) . by midsummer. I think it should be Sam Gibbons (D-Fla.). Sidney R. Yates (D-Ill.) . noted that a Roper poll taken last sum­ Benjamin A. Gilman (R-N.Y.) . Andrew Young (D-Ga.). mer reveals that 68 percent of the Amer­ Barry M. Goldwater, Jr. (R-Caltf.). ican people favor the televising of con­ William F. Goodling (R-Pa..). gressional debates. There is widespread Gilbert Gude (R-Md.). bipartisan support for broadcasting in Tennyson Guyer (R-Ohio) . THE FOLLY OF SPENDING $350,000 146 Tom Hagedorn (R-Minn.). ON THE INVESTIGATION RELATED the House: Members, including 83 Lee H. Hamilton (D-Ind.). Democrats and 63 Republicans, have Mark W. Hannaford (D-Calif.) . TO DANIEL SCHORR sponsored broadcast resolutions in the Michael Harrington (D-Mass.) . 94th Congress. On our side of the aisle, Herbert E. Harris, II (D-Va.). floor broadcasting has been endorsed by August F. Hawkins (D-Calif.). HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN the Republican Policy and Research Ken Bechler (D-W. Va.). OF MASSACHUSETTS Committees and our Task Force on Re­ Margaret M. Heckler (R-Mass.). I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES form and Rules Changes. W. G. (B111) Hefner (D-N.C.) . John H. Heinz, III (R-Pa.) . Tuesday, March 9, 1976 The time has come to let the House Elizabeth Holt zman (D-N.Y.). Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I attach work its will on this Important reform. Frank Hort,on (R-N.Y.). herewith an excellent editorial from the I think it is especially fitting that we Allan T . Howe (D-Utah). Washington Star of March 8, 1976. This bring this body into the 20th century Henry J. H yde (R-Ill.) . editorial points out the foolishness of in this Bicentennial Year by permitting James M. Jeffor ds (R-Vt.). spending 1,100 man-days of investiga - March 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6095 tion, 1,000 man-hours of legal research Schorr passed on the Pike Committee report funds they seek from the public Treasury and 350,000 taxpayers dollars "to search 1n its entirety to The Village Voice. Finding for themselves. out the leaker who gave the report to the person who gave the report to Mr. Schorr I wish to share with my colleagues the may assuage the hurt feelings of House important ar-ticle by Walter Judd en­ Mr. Schorr." members-and may result in the leaker get­ The editorial asked pointedly: ting his just desserts-but it will n _ot get at titled, "Everyone Wants Economy­ What will Congress have if it does find the issue of whether Mr. Schorr was right or Without the Me!", as it appears in the the Pike Committee leaker? wrong. We seriously doubt that Congress is February 1976 issue of Reader's Digest going to try to become the arbiter of what and insert it into the RECORD at this time: The Star also points out that if it the press can or cannot publish. EVERYOXE WANTS ECONOMY-WITHOUT THE becomes a practice on Capitol Hil: to call Perhaps the leaker ought to come forward. ME! in reporters to question them about their Think of all the money he would save the (By Walter H. Judd) sources of information "Congress may taxpayers, not to mention the elimination of run afoul of the first amendment." all the hassles concerning freedom of the On August 12, 1974, just d.ays after becom­ press and the wear and tear on the Ethics ing President, Gerald R. Ford addressed a The editorial follows: Committee, which iSn't used to doing any­ joint session of Congress. With a grin, he THE $350,000 INVESTIGATION thing strenuous. He could be banished forth­ turned toward House Speaker Carl Albert of It took a couple of curious journalists­ with to San Clemente to serve at the pleas­ Oklahoma. "Mr. Speaker," he said, I am a ma.ybe only one, for all we know-and prob­ ure of Mr. NiXon in compiling a selective little late getting around to it, but confes­ ably not more than a few telephone calls to history of the Watergate period-and the sion is good for the soul. I have sometimes find the leakee who passed on the Pike Com­ leaking of same. voted to spend taxpayers' money for worthy mittee intelligence report that wound up on federal projects in Grand Rapids while I the pages of The Village Voice: Daniel vigorously opposed wasteful spending boon­ Schorr, lately of the CBS intelligence beat doggles in Oklahoma." and currently a CBS staffer without port­ The President's remarks, while made in folio. EVERYONE WANTS ECONOMY jest, are nevertheless a perfect illustration of It's going to take the House Ethics Com­ WITHOUT THE "ME" a maxim that I have seen proved over and mittee 1,100 man-days of investigation, over again: "Everyone is for economy-with­ 1,000 man-hours of legal research and 350,- out the me!" Indeed, my years in public 000 taxpayer dollars to search out the leaker life taught me that politicians and citizens who gave the report to Mr. Schorr in the HON. PHILIP M. CRANE a.like invariably claim that government first place. And there's no guarantee that OF ILLINOIS spending must be restrained-except where the committee will find the leaker, although the restraints cut off federal dollars flowing we presume that with that kind of money IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES into their cities, their businesses or their and that many gumshoes and legal eagles Tuesday, March 9, 1976 pocketbooks. even the Congress-which hasn't been able to find its way out of a legislative paper bag Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, one of the Of course, legislators take inconsistent lately-can come up with the culprit. positions because the voters back home de­ reasons for unbalanced budgets, infla­ mand it. Once, for example, when I repre­ We wouldn't be surprised if there aren't tion, and an unsound economy is that at least a dozen persons on Capital Hill who sented a Minneapolis district in Congress, a already know who passed the hot report to many Americans seek to use government Republican businessman who normally de­ Mr. Schorr. Leaks from the government are as a means of obtaining for themselves cried deficit spending berated me for voting like that; all sorts of people along the Wash­ the earnings of others. against a bill which would have brought sev­ ington gossip line ~sually know, or can guess Instead of believing, as we once did, eral million federal dollars into our city. My pretty accurately, where a leak was sprung. that every individual was entitled to the answer was: "Where do you think federal By way of comparison, it cost the House fruits of his labor, we now seem to be funds for Minneapolis come from? People in Judiciary Committee $1.4 million for the adopting the philosophy that whichever St. Paul?" impeachment investigation that sent former Legislators who yield to these pressures President Nixon into exile at San Clemente. group can bring enough muscle to bear are responsible for the fact that federal It is going to cost the House Ethics Commit­ on the political process-whether they be spending is out of control. Not until 1962 tee one-fourth that, perhaps more, to send farmers, teachers, businessmen. or labor did the budget exceed $100 billion. By 1971 the passer of the Pike Committee report to union members-will be entitled to a it had passed $200 billion, and by fiscal wherever it is that leakers of confidential larger share of the gross national prod­ 1975, $300 b1llion. Within another year it congressional material go. In a dollars and uct. We are, as is by now well known, may exceed $400 billion. cents sense, is one bad apple in a congres­ giving away not only the money we re­ What's more, this avalanche of spending sional committee the equivalent of one­ ceive in taxes, but billions which we do is proceeding without regard to revenues. quarter of a bad one in the presidency? not have at all. The result: inflation, un­ Some experts now say that it will be a strug­ Probably the Congres.'3 ought to hire a cost gle to keep the budget deficit for 1976 down accountant to put this thing in some kind employment a-nd a host of economic ills. to $75 billion. Deficits in 15 of the last 17 of perspective. Many who speak loudest about econ­ years have fueled an inflation so virulent that Congress might also consider w-hat kind omy in Government do not really mean the dollar has lost much of its value. The of precedent it will set. Is every leak of sup­ it. They oppose every Government sub­ 1947 dollar is now worth less than 45 cents. posedly confidential information on Capitol sidy except the one which is received by If we continue this reckless course, it will Hill to be pursued from now on? Think of their own group. soon be worth no more than a nickel. all the millions of dollars that would cost. In an important article in the Febru­ As Treasury Secretary William Sin1on put Considering the number of leaks that fl.ow it recently: "Nobody likes inflation, but we daily from congressional sources, the pursuit ary issue of Reader's Digest, our former distinguished colleague. Walter H. Judd, love what causes it. We love the government of leakers could become a new growth in­ spending programs that lead to massive defi­ dustry. recalls that- cits and runaway inflation." Consider this And what will Congress have if it does find Once when I represented a Minneapolis small sampling of the staggering new de­ the Pike Committee leaker? Some staff com­ district in Congress, a Republican business­ mands that special-interest groups are now mittee member perhaps, who promptly would man who normally decried deficit spending presenting to Congress: be fired, if he hadn't quit already, and that berated me for voting against a bill which would be the last heard of it. Or perhaps it would have brought several million federal Teachers, represented by the National Edu­ will be a member of Congress, and won't dollars into o,.1r city. My answer was, "Where cation Association, want a broad national that be an embarrassment? do you think federal funds for Minneapolls health-iru;urance plan and beefed-up federal Furthermore, the House has given the come from? People in St. Paul?" aid to education. Cost: $60 billion a year. Ethics Committee authority to subpoena The country's elderly, represented by the witnesses from outside Congress. We pre­ Dr. Judd writes that-- American Association of Retired Persons, sume the thought has crossed someone's Everyone is for economy-without the me. want increased Social Security benefits and mind to question Mr. Schorr about where he Indeed, my years in public life taught me other assistance. Cost: $6 to $7 billion a got his copy of the Pike Committee report, that politicians and citizens alike invariably year. · and perhaps to haul in other reporters who claim that government spending must be Organized labor, represented· by the AFL­ also had access to the document that Mr. restrained-except where the resJ;raints cut CIO, demands a. public-service employment Schorr reportedly hustled to a Xerox ma­ ofl: federal dollars flowing into their cities, program, new programs for the unemployed chine. Is it to become the practice on Capi­ their businesses, or their pocketbooks. and stepped-up public works. Cost: $21 bil­ tol Hill to call in reporters to question them lion a year. It is essential that Americans show about their sources of information? If so, The cities, represented by the National we suggest that Congress may run afoul of self-control, not only with regard to the League of Cities, want increased revenue the First Amendment. funds provided by Government with sharing, a public job program, expanded . What really bothers the House is that Mr. others but. most important, with the urban renewal, and U.S. aid for communities €09 EXTE SIONS OF REMARKS Prlm·ch 10, 1976 with h igh unemployment. Cost: $12 billion has Just been reelected for a third three­ MEXICO FIGHTS DRUGS, DESERVES a year. year term in this Post by the Board of But just a list of new demands doesn't Judges of the Court of Common Pleas. The U.S. THANKS show how immediate the crisis ls. The Na­ decision of the Board, which has 81 judges, t ional Chamber of Commerce estimates that was unanimous. The new term begins April some 13 major bills moving through Congress 1, 1976, and Will extend to April 1, 1979. HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS r ight now wouid, if enacted, add $30 billion Although Mr. Cortese is a life-long Re­ t o t his year's projected budget deficit-push­ publican, the heavily preponderant Demo­ OF CALIFORNIA ing it over the $100-bilUon mark. cratic Board of Judges overlooked party lines L. THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Clearly, the fight for reasonable federal in recognizing :rv:tr. Cortese's exceptional ca­ Tuesday, lllarch 9, 1976 spending can be won only if all segments pacity, and proved performance as Prothono­ of our society curb their demands on govern­ tary. He is known throughout the judiciary . Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I par­ ment . The stakes are high, for, as British and the legal fraternity for his top efficiency, ticularly would like to call the attention historian Alexander Tytler warned nearly 200 and off-the-cuff command of all the intrica­ of Members to the following article by years ago: cies of legal procedure and substantive law. Mr. Carl Rowan describing the strong " A democracy cannot exist as a permanent For the past six years Mr. Cortese has form of government. It can only exist until headed an office that utilizes the services of and effective efforts of the Mexican Gov­ the voters discover thev can vote themselves 140 persons. They are scattered on several ernment to make a dent in the drug largess out of the public treasury. From that fioors of City Hall. He has only one Deputy, production and traffic that is so dev­ moment on, the majority always votes for the but he informs us that in the very near fu­ astating to many of our Nation's minor­ candidate promising the most benefits from ture one or two additional attorneys will be ity and disadvantaged citizens, par­ the public treasury-with the resUlt that added to the staff to assist him in handling ticularly youth. As Mr. Rowan writes: democracy collapses over a loose fiscal policy, the ever increasing load that falls on this The American people owe a special thanks alwa~ t o be followed by a dictatorship." office. to Mexico. About 65,000 com·t cases are processed an­ nually by the Prothonotary's office. About He concludes his article by pointing one million legal documents are drawn up out that-- annually in this work. This includes appeals, I applaud Mexico for being a good neigh­ A.MERICO CORTESE REELECTED which go to the higher appellate courts of bor--especially since I have a hunch that PROTHONOTARY OF PHILADEL­ the State. In addition; Mr. Cortese functions Mexican officials know the dl·ugs are being PHIA COURTS as Clerk of the Municipal Court, handling used to dehumanize blacks, Spanish-speak­ another 60,000 cases annually. These are civil ing Americans and others who already have cases involving sums up to $1,000.00. been brutalized by poverty, semi-enforced The Prothonotary works hand in hand ignorance and bigotry. HON. JOSHUA EILBERG with all the Judges of the two Courts. He OF PENNSYLVANIA deals with hundreds, even thousands of law­ Mr. Rowan's article clearly sets forth yers, not only Philadelphia lawyers, but law­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mexico's cooperation in the drive to con­ yers from all over the State, for under the trol the drug problem in the United Tuesday, March 9, 1976 present Pennsylvania Constitution, a Penn­ sylvania lawyer, who is admitted to practice States and gives the facts and the fig­ Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, I am by the Supreme Court, may practice in any ures. proud to anno\Ulce the reelection of County in the Commonwealth. But cooperation is not a one-way Americo Cortese as prothonotary of the Mr. Cortese began in City Hall many years street. The United States should also Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia. ago as an Assistant District Attorney, making cooperate by showing its own desire to The 81 members of the Philadelphia an enviable reputation in prosecuting over assist Mexico. In particular, fo1· example, Boa1·d of Judges made a unanimous re­ 10,000 cases involving major crimes and mur­ I recently introduced H.R. 12001, legisla­ der, and in investigating and prosecuting dis­ tion designed to stimulate U.S. tourists election decision for a third term, which reputable, vice-infested. liquor licensed es­ will last until April 1979. tablishments. for which he received editorial of medium and modest means to visit I've known "Ric" Cortese most of my praise from the Philadelphia Inquirer and Mexico through a limited tax deduction. life, first when he was a young lawyer the Philadelphia Bulletin. On January 26 of this year I, along with who shared an office with my late uncle, For almost a generation he has been a lead­ Senator MANSFIELD, proposed President H. Jerome Jaspan, Esq. We often met ing member of the Philadelphia Bar Associa­ Luis Echeverria of Mexico to the Nor­ later while I was se1'Ving in the State tion. He served for an unprecedented two wegian Parliament for the Nobel Peace legislature in Hal'l'isburg, where "Ric" terms on the Board of Governors of the Phil­ Prize for 1976. I point out that Mr. spent much time lobbying for worth­ adelphia Bar Association, a record which has Rowan's article shows the leadership been unmatched. He has also served on sev­ that President Echeverria has given the while causes. eral other Bar Association Committees, in­ "Ric" Cortese is known throughout cluding the Judiciary Committee, the Com­ antidrug effort. Pennsylvania for his efficiency and in­ mittee on Criminal Justice and Law En­ I hope that Members will join me in tricate knowledge of legal procedure. As forcement, and the By-laws Committee, and these and similar efforts to adopt and prothonotary, he now heads an office in many others. implement a constructive and coopera­ Philadelphia's City Hall with 140 staff He was a Delegate to the Pennsylvania tive policy toward our nearest southern members, handling thousands of cases Constitutional Convention 1967-68, and neighbor. The article follows: each year. He also serves as clerk of the helped to draft the new Pennsylvania Judi­ (From the Washington Star, Mar. 8, 1976] municipal court, and is responsible for ciary Article. THANKS TO l\iEXICO FOR DRUG E'F'FORT thousands of additional cases. His ex­ His activity and service in the Order Sons (By Carl T. Rowan) of Italy are well known to the members o:r ceptional legal skills and very heavy IcuALA, MEx1co.-If you are a parent; o! schedule have not interfered with Ric's the Order. He completed two terms as Grand Venerable of the Grand Lodge of Pennsyl­ teenagers, or of grade-schoolers for that mat­ warm concern for others. He always has vania, and later two terms as Supreme Ven­ ter, I hope you noted President Ford's recent a word of encouragement, and spends erable of the Supreme Lodge, Order Sons of remark that troubles wit h ha1·d drugs have much of his time working for others in Italy in America and Canada, making him become more acute in America's big cities fraternal and service organizations. unique in this respect. and along the Mexican border. His activities and service in the Sons Here in the High Sierras I have seen a On several occasions in the recent past he glimp e of what the government of Mexico has been called to the White House by the of Italy are well-known to its members is doing to destroy the raw sources of the throughout the State. Presidential occupant for consultation, or as heroin and marijuana that have brought pro­ I would like to share with my col­ a guest. found grief to so many families-especially leagues an article from the Sons of Italy The government of the Republic of Italy in the U.S. The American people owe a spe­ Times March 1 which recognizes this has repeatedly honored him in the Order cial thanks to Mexico. Star of Italian Solidarity. He holds one of the Philadelphia att01·ney's exceptional legal If we were moving as ruthle sly and relent­ service: highest Awards in this Order, the "Grande lessly against those in the illegal drug busi­ Ufflciale." ness as l\1'.exico is ( especially against the big A:MERICO V. CORTESE REELECTED PROTHONO• In 1974 he received the Humanitarian Ci­ pushers and bribe-taking police officials) • TART OF PHILADELPHIA COURTS tation Awa.rd and Honorary Ecumenical Me· and if we got the same kind of cooperation Americo V. Cortese, Esq., Prothonotary of dallion from the House of Prayer For All Peo­ from France, Turkey, Colombia and other the Court of Common Pleas o! Philadelphia. ple, 13t h and Tasker streets, Philadelphia. count ries a;; we are get ting from 1\1:exico, th& Nlarch 10, 1976 EXTE- SIONS OF REMAm-ICINES State and local gasoline in small planes and pay for drugs with ma­ Included in medical expenses (subject to General sales chine guns and other weapons. These guns 3% rule) but only to extent exceeding 1 % State and local income have been used to kill at least 40 Mexicans of adjusted gross income (line 15, Form Personal property trying to wipe out the source of heroin and 1040). I:f sales tax tables are used 1n arriving at marijuana.. OTHER MEllICAL EXPENSES And let it be understood that the crop­ your deduction. you may add to the amount destructlon program just completed ls no Other allowable medical and dental ex­ shown in the tax tables only the sales tax once-and-it's-over operation. Mexican forces penses (subject to 3 % limitation) ; paid on the purchase ol five classes of items: destroyed 20,000 heroin fields a.nd 14,000 Abdomina.l supports (prescribed by a doc- automobiles, e.irplanes, boats, mobile homes, marijuana crops 1n 1975, but new fields bloom tor). and materta.ls used to build a new home this year. Acupuncture services. when you a.re your own contractol'. Mexico's commitment to wiping out the Ambulance hire. When using the sales tax tables, add to drug traffic goes beyond defoliation of poppy Anesthetist. your adjusted gross income any nontaxable plants. In tbe last three months 954 drug ar­ Arch supports (prescribed by a doctor) . income (e.g., Social Security, Veterans' pen­ rests have been made, Including 145 for­ Artificial limbs and. teeth. sion or compensation payments, Railroad Re­ eigners, 120 from the United States. In 1976, Ba.ck supports (prescribed by a doctor). tlremenii annuities, workmen's compensa­ 3,441 alleged drug traffickers were appre­ Br.aces. tion. untaxed portion o! long-term.. ca.pttal hended, including 332 fo-reigners, the vast Capital expenditures !or medical purposes gains, recovery of pension . costs. dividends majority from the United Stares. ( e.g.. elevator for persons with a heart ail­ exclusion, interest on municip~l ponds, un­ When Mexico moves against dnig peddlers, ment )-deductible to the extent that the employment compensation and public as­ Mexico ts very, very serious. No bail, a mini­ cost of the capital expenditure exceeds the sistance payments). mum sentence of five yea.rs and three months, increase 1n value to your home because o! the capital expenditure. Taxpayer should CONTRmUTIONS and no parole. In general, contributions may be deducted The Mexicans admit that their -prisons are have an independent appraisal made to re­ .fleet clearly the increase in value. up to 50 percent of your adjusted gross in­ not country clubs. It probably ls true that the come (line 15, Form 1040). However, con­ Mexicans ba.ve treated some o! our drug ped­ Cardiographs Chlropodist tributions to certain private nonprofit foun­ dlers in ways that would cause apoplexy in dations, veterans organizations, or fraternal the American Civil Liberties Union. Chiropractor Christian Science practitioner, authorized societies are limited to 20 % o! adjusted gross But Mexico-.s laws regarding drugs are income. harsher than ours. President Echeverria. told Convalescent home (for medical treatment me that be will continue to give U.S. traf­ only) Cash contributions to qualifled organiza­ fickers ..the same treatment we give Crutches tions for ( 1) religious, charitable, scientific, Mexicans." Dental services (e.g, cleaning, X-ray, fill- literary or educational purposes. (2) pre­ I applaud Mexico !or being a good nelgh­ ing teeth) vention of cruelty to children or animals, or bor-especia.lly since I have a hunch that Dentures ( 3) Federal, State or local governmental Mexican officials know the drugs are being Dennatologist units (tuition for children attending paro­ used to dehumaniZe blacks, Spanish-speaking Eyeglasses chial schools ls not deductible). Fair mar­ Americans and others who already have been Food or beverages spec1ally prescribed by ket value of property (e.g., cloth'mg. books, brutalized by poverty, semi-enforced Igno­ a physician (!or treatment of illness. and in equipment, furniture) !or charitable· pur­ addition -to, not as a substitute for, regular rance and bigotry. poses. (For gifts of appreciated property diet; physlcian•s statement needed) special rules apply. Contact local IRS office.) Gynecologist Travel expenses (actual or 7c per m1:le plus Hearing a.Ids and batteries parking and tolls) for charitable purposes Home health services (may not deduct insurance or depreciation TAX TIPS FOR SENIORS Hospital expenses in either case) • Insulin treatment Cost and upkeep of uniforms used in Invalid C™"ir charitable activities (e.g., scoutmaster). Lab tests HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD Purchase of goods or tickets from charit­ OF MJ:CffiGAN Lipreading lessons ( designed to overcome a handicap) able organizations ( excess of amount pa.id L~ THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Neurologist over the fair market value of the goods or Tuesday, March 9, 1976 Nurstn.g services (!or medical care, includ- services). ing nurse's board p&ld by you) Out-of-pocket expenses (e.g.• postage, sta­ Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker. many Occupe.tion&l themplsi tionery, phone calls) while rendering serv­ senior citizens are finding themselves in­ Ophthalmologist ices !or charitable organizations. creasingly overburdened as the cost of Optician Ca.re of unrelated student 1n taxpayer's living continues to rise. Older Ameri­ Optometrist home under a written agreement With a cans. especially those on fixed incomes. Oral surgery qualifying organization (deduction ts llmited are finding it difficult to make ends meet. Osteopath, licensed to $50 per month). 6098 -EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS il:Iarc/i. 10, 1976

INTEREST Fees paid to investment counselors. . Ta.c Credit for, Personal exemptions.-In Home mortgage. Subscriptions to business publications. addition to the $750 personal exemption, a Auto loan. Telephone and postage in connection with tax credit of .$30 is available for a taxpayer. Installment purchases (television, washer, investments. spouse, and each dependent. No additional dryer, etc.). Uniforms required for employment and not $30 credit is available, however, becanse 0f Bank credit card-can deduct the finance generally wearable off the Job. age or blindness. charge as interest if no part is for service Maintenance of uniforms required for em­ Multiple Support Agreeni.en.ts.-In gei,tn<,l, charges. loan fees, credit investigation fees. ployment. a person may be claimed as a dependent of or similar charges. Special safety apparel (e.g., steel toe safety another taxpayer, provided flye tests are met: Points-deductible as interest by buyer shoes or helmets worn by construction work­ (1) Support, (2) gross income, (3) member where financing agreement provides that ers; special masks worn by welders). of household or relationship, (4) citizen­ they are to be paid for use of lender's money. Business entertainment expenses. ship, and (5) separate return. But in some Not deductible if points represent charges Business gift expenses not exceeding $25 cases, two or more individuals provide sup­ for services rendered by the lending institu­ per recipient. port for an individual, and no one has con­ tion (e.g .• VA loan points are service charges Employment agency fees under certain cir· tributed more than half the person's sup­ and are not deductible as interest). Not de· cumstances. port. However, it still may be possible for ductible if pa.id by seller (are treated as sell· Cost of a periodic physical examination if one of the individuals to be entitled to a ing expenses and represent a reduction of required by employer. $750 dependency deduction if the following amount realized). Cost of installation and maintenance of a requirements are met for multiple support: Penalty for prepayment o.f a mortga.ge­ telephone required by the taxpayer's em­ 1. Two or more persons-any one of whom deductible as interest. ployment (deduction based on business use). could claim the person as a dependent if it Revolving charge accounts-may deduct Cost of bond if required for employment. were not for the support test--together con­ the ".finance charge" if the charges are based Expenses of an office in you1· home if em· tribute more than half of the dependent's on your unpaid balance and computed ployment requires it. support. monthly. Payments made by a teacher to a substi­ 2. Any one of those who individually con­ Other charge accounts for installment pur· tute. tribute more than 10% of the mutual de­ chases-may deduct the lesser of (1) 6% of Educational expenses required by your em~ pendent's support, but only one of them, the average monthly balance (average ployer to maintain your position or for main­ may claim the dependency deduction. monthly balance equals the total of the un· taining or sharpening your skills for your 3. Each of the others must file a written paid balance for all 12 months, divided by employment. statement that he will not claim the de­ 12) or (2) the portion of the total fee or Political Campaign Contributions.-Tax· pendency deduction for that year. The state· service charge allocable to the year. payers may now claim either a deduction ment must be flled with the income tax (line 33, Schedule A, Form 1040) or a credit return of the person who claims the de­ CASUALTY OR THEFT LOSSES (line 51, Form 1040), for campaign contri­ pendency deduction. Form 2120 (Multiple Casualty ( e.g., tornado, flood, storm, fire, butions to an individual who is a candidate Support Declaration) may be used for this or auto accident provided not caused by a for nomination or election to any Federal, purpose. willful act or willful negligence) or theft State, or local office in any primary, genera.I Sale of Personal Residence by Elderly Tax­ losses to nonbusiness property-the amount or special election. The deduction or credit payers.-A taxpayer may elect to exclt1de . of your casualty loss deduction is generally is also applicable for any (1) committee sup­ from gross income part or, under certain the lesser of ( 1) the decrease in fair market porting a candidate for Federal, State, or circumstances, all of the gain from the sale value of the property as a result of the cas­ local elective public office, (2) national com­ of hi..; personal residence, provided: ualty, or (2) your adjusted basis in the prop­ mittee of a national political party, (3) State 1. He was 65 or older before the date of erty. This amount must be further reduced by committee of a national political party, or the sale, and any insurance or other recovery, and, in the (4) local committee of a national political 2. He owned and occupied the property . case of property held ofor personal use, by the party. The maximum deduction is $100 ($200 as his personal residence for a period totaling _ $100 limitation. You may use form 4684 for for couples filing jointly). The amount of the . at least 5 years within the 8-yea.r period . computing your personal casualty loss. tax credit is one-half of the political con· ending on the date of the sale. CHILD AND DISABLED DEPENDENT CARE EXPENSES tribution, with a $25 ceiling ($50 for couples Taxpayers meeting these two requirements A taxpayer who maintains a. household filing jointly) . may elect to exclude the entire gain from · may claim a deduction for employment-re· Presidential Election Campaign Fund.­ gross income· of the adjusted sales price of · lated expenses incurred in obtaining care Addi tiona.lly, taxpayers may voluntarily ear­ their residence ls $20,000 or less. (This elec­ for a (1) dependent who is under 15, (2) mark $1 of their taxes ($2 on joint returns) tion can only be made once during a tax­ physically or mentally disabled dependent, to h_elp defray the costs of the 1976 Prest• payer's lifetime.) If the adjusted sales price or (3) disabled spouse. The maximum allow· dential election campaign. exceeds $20,000, an election may be made able deduction is $400 a month ($4,800 a For any questions concerning any of to exclude part of the gain based on a ratio year). As a general rule, employment-related these items, contact your local IRS office. You of $20,000 over the adjusted sales price of may also obtain helpful publications and the residence. Form 2119 (Sale or Exchange . expenses are deductible only if incurred for additional forms by contacting your local of Personal Residence) is helpful in deter· services for a qualifying Individual in the IRS office. mining what gain, if any, may be excluded taxpayer's household. However, an excep­ by an elderly taxpayer when he sells his tion exists for child care expenses (as dis­ OTHER TAX RELIEF .MEASURES FOR OLDER AMERICANS home. tinguished from a disabled dependent or a Additionally, a taxpayer may elect to defer disabled spouse). In this case, expenses out­ Required to file a reporting the gain on the sale of his personal side the household (e.g., day care expendi­ tax return if residence if within 18 months before or 18 tures) are deductible, but the maximum gross income months after the sale he buys and occupies deduction is $200 per month for one child, Filing status: is at Zeast- Single (under age 65) ______$2, 350 another residence, the cost of which equals $300 per month for two children, and $400 or exceeds the adjusted sales price of the old per month for three or more children. Single (age 65 or older)------3, 100 residence. Additional time is allowed if (1) When a taxpayer's adjusted gross income Qualifying widow(er) under 65 with dependent child______2, 650 you construct the new residence or (2) you (line 15, Form 1040) exceeds $18,000, the were on active duty in the U.S. Armed deduction is reduced by $1 for each $2 of Qualifying widow(er) 65 or older w1th dependent child______3, 400 Forces. Publication 523 (Tax Information 011 income above this amount. For further infor­ Selling Your Home) may also be helpful. mation about child and dependent care Married couple (both spouses under deductions, see Publication 503, Chlld Ca.re 65) filing jointly______3, 400 Retirement Income Credit.-To qualify for Married couple (1 spouse 65 or older) the retirement income credit, you must (a) and Disabled Dependent Care available free filing jointly______4,150 at Internal Revenue offices. be a U.S. citizen or resident, (b) have re­ ceived earned income in excess of $600 in MISCELLANEOUS Married couple (both spouses 65 or older) filing jointly______4, 900 each of any 10 calendar years before 1975, and Alimony and separate maintenance (pe- (c) have certain types of qualifying "retire­ 1·iodic payments). Married filing separately______750 ment income." Five types of income-pen­ Appraisal fees for casualty loss or to deter­ Additional Personal Exemption for Age.­ sions, annuities, interest, and dividends in­ mine the fair market value of charita'ble con­ Besides the regular $750 exemption allowed cluded on line 15. Form 1040, and gross 1·ents tributions. a taxpayer, a husband and wife who are 65 from Schedule E, Part II, column (b)-qual­ Union dues. or older on the last day of the taxable year ify for the retirement income credit. Cost of preparation of income tax return. are each entitled to an additional exemption The credit is 15% of the lesser of: Cost of tools for employee (depreciated of $750 because of age. You are considered 65 1. A taxpayer's qualifying retirement in­ over the usefUl life of the tools). on the day before your 65th birthday. Thus, come, or Dues for Chamber of Commerce (if as a if your 65th birthday is on January 1, 1976, business expense) . 2. $1,524 ($2,286 for a joint return where you will be entitled to the additional $760 both taxpayers are 65 or older) minus the Rental cost of a safe-depo it box for in· person.al exemption because of age for your total of nontaxable pensions (such as Social come-producing property. 1975 Federal income tax return. Security benefits or Railroad Retirement an- March 10, 1916 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6099

nuities) and earned in~ome. {depending WORLD'S GREATEST H~DRO-POWER USER, S~'IT­ torv requirements-a system much like that upon the taxpayer's age and the amount of ZERLAND STIL~ N~ NUCLEAR HELP of our own Nuclear Regulatory Commission. any earnings he may have). · (By Forrest E, & John W. Rieke) A federal commission for the safety of atomic installations was established ln 1960· If _the taxpayer ls under 62, the $1,524 fig­ Switzerland has the world's most inten­ is it is staffed and assisted by the section fo; ure reduced by the amount of earned in­ sively developed hydro-electric power re­ come in excess of $900. For persons at least source, rivaled perhaps by New Zealand, _Safety of Nuclear Installations, an arm of the 62 years old but less than 72. this amount Norway, Sweden and the Paclfic Northwest Swiss Office of Energy. ·is reduced by one-half of the earned income The Swiss Minister of Transport, Com­ of the United States. in excess of $1,200 up. to $1,700, plus the munications and Energy ls responsible for total a.mount over $1,700. Persons 72 and Yet, its hydro sources, despite full develop­ granting a. license to build and operate a over are not subject to the earned income ment, meet only one-sixth of· Switzerland's energy needs for heat, transport, factories nuclear power station. Before issuing one, limitation. the minister must fi.rst secure approval from Schedule R is used for taxpayers who claim and farms. This beautiful, vertical land in fact, must import costly liquid fossil fuel; to the Commission for Safety and Atomic In­ the retirement income credit. meet three-fourths of its total energy de­ stallations, solicit the views of the canton of The Internal Revenue Service will also location and obtain favorable consideration compute the retirement income credit for a. mands. l\!ore than 6.3 million Swiss live in 22 from the Federal Commission for Nature and taxpayer if he has requested that IRS com­ sovereign cantons Within the 16,000-square Countryside Conservation. pute bis tax, he answers the questions for miles of high mountains and narrow valleys. The applicant must secure, in addition, a columns A and B, and he completes lines Approximately one-fourth of the land is non­ variety of building permits from cantonal 2 and 5 on Schedule &-relating to the productive, another fourth is forested. The and municipal agencies. These local require­ amount of his Social Security benefits, Rail­ remaining half of the land ls used for graz­ ments vary because of d11Ierences in geog­ road Retirement annuities, ea.med income, ing of livestock and the growing of food raphy, river systems, population density and and quall!ying retirement income (pensions, crops. other factors. annuities, interest. dividends, and rents). Switzerland has ma.de the transition from There are three nuclear plants operating The taxpayer should also WTite "RIC" on line a. rural, agricultural society in the 19th cen­ in Switzerland today, each unlt approxi­ 17, Form 1040. tury to an industrialized nation, with urban­ mately 350,000 kilowatts in size, {about one­ third the output of tbe Trojan nuclear plant) Older Americans should also be aware ization expanding to the northern cities along its great lakes and rivers in the upper and each using direct river coollng. They of the special payment or credit available reaches of the Rhine and the Rhone rivers. began operation in 1969, 1971 and 1972 re­ under the recently enacted Tax Reduc­ The Paclfic Northwest shares close parallels spectively. tion Act of 1975. with Switzerland. They share similar pat­ Three new 900,000 kilowatt nuclear sta­ This payment, called the earned in­ terns of energy resource development, espe­ tions are under construction a.long the Aare­ come credit, is available to persons with cially the hydro projects, and they share a Rhine river complex. All will have cooling total incomes of less than $8,000 during concern for protection of a natural and love­ tower~ similar to the one at Trojan. ly environment. Moreover, both Switzerland Environmental objections to thermal pol­ 1975 and the payment can amount up to lution forced the Swiss to use these towers $400. and the Pacific Northwest were startled in Total income includes earned in­ 1973 to learn of their heavy reliance on im­ and delayed licensing of the new plants and come from salaries, wages, tips or other ported oil and gas. the start of construction to the extent that employee compensation, and self-em­ The Swiss hydro-electric sites have an several Swiss utilities sought power from ployment earnings. annual output of 30,000 million kilowatt other sources. For example, once the nuclear For individuals with incomes up to hours, but to meet electricity demands in the stations became delayed, the Swiss utilities $4,000, the refundable credit is 10 percent country, the hydro power must be supple­ a.rrauged long-term participation in financ­ mented by 5,000 milllon kilowatt hours pro­ ing and sha.ring the output of new power re­ of their earned income only, to a maxi­ actors at Fessenhelm and Bugey in France. $400. in­ duced by thermal power stations. mum of Qualified workers with Recognizing that any sudden or larae In addition to the three Swiss nuclear re­ comes between $4,000 and $8,000 also are shift away from fossil fuels could raise seri­ actors under construction, four more re­ entitled to the credit, but the amount ous supply p1·oblems, the Swiss government actor units are in various stages of planning. of the payment decreases $1 for every $10 and utilities have accelerated the move into All of the nuclear plants in Switzerland, of earned income or adjusted gross in­ nuclear power generation. those operating or planned, are light water come over $4,000. No credit is allowable The recent staggering increase in the cost reactors. Most are of United States design, of petroleum caused the Swiss Department both pressw·lzed water and bolling water for those with incomes of $8,000 or more. types, though a newer pressurized water In addition to the income requirement, of Energy, Transport and Communica.tlons to appoint a top-level commission in June, 1974, model comes from the Kraftwerk Union of taxpayers must have maintained a home to review national energy needs and future Germany. in the United States for the entire year strategies. Light water reactors are expected to meet ·for themselves and at least one depend­ It 1s generally assumed that the commis­ the nation's energy needs for the next two ent child who was under 19 years of age sion w1l1 recommend that future increase ln decades, according to the Federal Office of electric power needs be met by nuclear reac­ Nuclear Energy. But this subject will be clar­ of a full-time student. ified by the ad hoc committee report in 1977. In addition, senior citizens who have tors. The commission's :final report is antici­ Nuclear fuel manufacture, reprocessing found that they overpaid their taxes in pated in mid-1977. and distribution of high level radioactive prior years may file an amended Tax The Swiss Confederation's electrical indus­ wastes a.re handled by extra-national con­ Form 1040X to correct this situation try includes 1,200 distribution companies tractors. Nuclear fuel for the light water and organlza.tlons, but only a few electric reactors has been purchased from ven­ This form must be filled out and sub~ producers. Neither the federal nor the can­ mitted within 3 years after the original dors in the United States as part of the tonal (state) governments own electric pow­ "turn key" conditions in the purchase of the return was due or within 2 years after er plants, except for those plants which sup­ reactor hardware. · the tax was paid, on the basis of which­ ply federal railroads. Management of spent fuel and radioactive ever is later. Responsibility for maintenance and con­ wastes ls not yet a problem in Switzerland. struction of present and new electric capacity Low and medium level wastes are accommo­ lles with a half dozen major utllltles, a few dated by onsite storage, as liquids, solids or larger cities and the electrlfied Swiss Railway concentrated amalgams With bitumen or SWITZERLAND AND NUCLEAR System. concrete. The Swiss electric power grid ls connected POWER A method and facility for incineration a.nd with France, Germany and Italy by nine concentration of the wastes has been devel­ 400,000-volt transmission lines. Analogous to oped at the Research Center at Wuerenlingen HON. AL ULLMAN our own intertie system in the Northwest, and sites for future sub-sw·face repositories these lines a.fl'ord appropriate power exchange for nuclear waste a.re currently under review. OF OREGON and have assured highly efficient electrlc pro­ High level wastes, bearing such materlals IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES duction and use in Switzerland and neigh­ as plutonium, will be sent for reprocessing boring nations. Tuesday, March 9, 1976 in France, Belgium and the United King­ Switzerland, indeed, has ti·aveled a zigzag dom, all of whom want a sizable share of the Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, the arti­ course to reach its present energy system. By fuel reprocessing business .t.n Europe and cle which follows is from The Portland plebiscite in the mid-19505, the cantons and elsewhere. Oregonian of Feb. 18, 1976. It is the voters transferred power of legislation in the The Swiss are aware of the possible future fom·th in a series concerning problems field of atomic energy to the confederation use of plutonium and other reactor products (national government). as fuel for the projected generation of breeder and alternative solutions to them that In 1959, after substantial debate, both reactors and a.re considering options for re­ confront every one of us. I hope Mem­ houses of the Swiss Parlia.ment approved a turn at some future time of partially re­ bers will :find it as useful and informa­ national system of licensing for nuclear reac­ processed reactor wastes to build bret'der tive as I do: tor builders, subject to fulfillment of statu- fuel stockpiles. 61 0 EXTENSIO S OF REMARKS 1vlarch 10, 1976 Though the Swiss have chosen to let other THE EIGHT SURPRISES-OR HAS phere. These a1·e impossible concentrations nations handle their fuel manufacture, re­ THE WORLD GONE TO HELL? and could not be attained even if we had no processing and waste disposal, nuclear re­ people on this earth.· search has not been ignored in this natlon. The answer, obviously, is somewhere be· In 1955, the Swiss government and interested HON. LARRY McDONALD tween these two extremes. Just like most of you, I am a family man. private industries jointly established the U Swiss Federal Institute for Reactor Research GBORGIA My lovely wife and I have four wonderful at WuerenUngen. Since 1960, this research IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIV.l!!S children. It is my wish that they have clean facility has been exclusively governmental, Tuesday, March 9, 197 6 air to breathe and clean water to drink. Not operated in association with Federal In­ distilled water nor absolutely pure air, but I stitutes of Technology at Zurich and Lau­ Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. do want them to have odorless, non·toxic, sanne. Speaker, for a number of years now we clean air, and clean water. I believe we still The principal aims of the reactor institute have been virtually inundated by a flood have a great deal of environmental work to at Wuerenlingen include pl'omotion of re­ of propaganda claiming the imminent do in the USA. I believe, however, that ex­ search and development work, training of tremism is bad on either end. demise of civilization due to our polluted We're all deeply concerned about reports scientists and technical staffs and provision environment. If we do not soon die gasp­ of information to federal authorities, utilities of the destruction of our environment as a and others. The institute is staffed by more ing for lack of oxygen, we will be choked result of technological recklessness, over­ than 500 technicians and scientists and has to death by carbon monoxide or oxides population, and the lack of consideration for a 1976 budget of 55 million Swiss francs ($21 of nitrogen, unless, of course, we do not the preservation of nature. As Chairman of million). first shrivel up and die of dehydration the National Air Quality Commission, I have Research has focused on carbide fuels waste due to lack of water which we were to read great amounts of technical literature concentration by incineration, high tem­ afraid to drink for fear of being poisoned in this area. I've tm·ned up a lot of evidence perature gas turbines, cooling tower tech­ that I'd like to share with you. to death by pesticides. Some of the people who are filled with nology and other current concerns of the And who be to blame? We will, of nuclear industry. Close links exist between will gloom and believe we have no future blame Wuerenlingen research establishments in the course. For it is our technology, our prog­ our app8.l'ent demise on the Judeo·Christian United States, United Kingdom, Germany ress, our industrialization, that is alleg­ ethnic that it is God's Will that man exploit and other nations. edly causing all this pollution. Our prob­ nature for his proper ends and that we have In Switzerland, as elsewhere, surveillance lems would be solved, however, if we overdone it. and regulation of nuclear enterprises have would simply do an about face and Others recommend that we go back 2500 strained the resource of federal authorities. march back to the cave. Think how rosy years and embrace the practices of druidism. The industry has grown faster than its reg­ Many, many people express a disdain for life would be living in peaceful coexist­ science and mistrust in technology in ulators. Authority is diffused among several ence with wild animals, deadly germs and agencies, causing needless regulatory redun­ general. dancies, and inspectors are stretched thinly. the unpredictable elements. They say our automobiles are no longer a In combination, these elements have delayed And, incredibly, many of those who wondrous method of freeing man from his construction and increased costs. propagate such drivel actually mean it. immobility, but instead have become terri­ Like hordes of locusts, they wish to strip ble polluters and will ultimately become piles Rail and highway authorities in all of of junk which will desecrate the landscape. Western Europe are just now beginning to our civilization clean of the life-saving Electricity, which has been the most con­ confer on safety and transport of dangerous and life-enhancing products of science venient form of energy ever available, has explosives, chemicals and radioactive mate­ and technology-and advocate laws to do come into disrepute. The bad industry that rials. just that. produces electricity is looked upon as an Public health officials in the Swiss Depart­ It is obvious that the destruction of evil organization of the establishment whose ment of the Interior advise that any regula­ freedom, capitalism and industrializa­ objective is to create new radiation hazards tions emanating from these trans-Europe dis· tion-not merely the elimination of pol­ with nuclear power plants, cut down trees, cussions will conform to International stick poles into the ground and pump smoke Atomic Ene1·gy Agency standards on transport lution-is their goal. Nevertheless they into the air. of radioactive materials. attempt to get away with this by trying It's a gloomy picture indeed. But I've found Meanwhile, environmental opposition to to cash-in on honest fears engendered by out this outlook is not justified. I hope nuclear energy in Switzerland has grown their myths about the alleged horrors of you'll understand that I understand elemen­ steadily. It has been applied at the cantonal pollution. tary science and engineering, and that I am level, affecting use of rivers as a source of Thus it is important to point out that not an emotional supporter of any particu­ cooling, causing changes in plant design and these myths are totally transparent and lar "side" of ecology. Some of the facts delaying completion of nuclear stations. unsupported by facts. In fact, scientific I will mention will surprise many of you. I On the other hand, government preSS\u·e can assure you that my conclusions are sup­ to proceed with nuclear development has evidence often establishes the truth of ported by evidence that is difficult to inter­ speeded up in light of the 1973 oil embargo the exact opposite. An excellent demon­ pret in any other way. by the OPEC nations. stration of this is provided by Dr. John J. McKetta, a chemical engineer, in the 1. WHY IS THE OXYGEN DISAPPEARING? All of these pressures have stirred a vigo­ My first surprise concerns the air we rous Swiss response. In the summer of 1974, following article printed from the Winter breathe. You have been reading that we are the Federal Department of Energy, T1·ansport 1975 issue of Highway User Quarterly: seriously depleting the oxygen in the atmos­ and Communications created a select com­ THE EIGHT SURPRISES-OR HAS THE WORLD phere and replacing it with toxic substances mittee of specialists to formulate a new, GONE TO HELL such as carbon monoxide. comprehensive energy policy for Switzerland. (By Dr. John J. McKetta) Throughout my formal education I have This committee includes representatives always been taught that oxygen in ou1· at· from industry, national, cantonal and mu­ On March 27, 1973, I heard Garner Ted mosphere is supplied by green plants using nicipal governments, electric utilities, scien­ Armstrong say over the television: the process of photosynthesis. It is known tific faculties, medicine, economic planning "There is no way you can have any opti· that plants take in carbon dioxide, and and a meteorologic institute. The committee mism for the continuation of life on this through activation by sunlight, combine car­ is Instructed to determine the objectives of a earth because of the pollution, overpopula­ bon dioxide with water to make starches national energy policy and to define optimal tion, and results of technological advances." and cellulose, and give off oxygen. In this short, medium and longterm measures to It bothers me that there are so many pur­ way the whole chaln of plant and animal life achieve these objectives. veyors of gloom who talk about the hopeless­ is sustained by energy from the sun. When The final draft of Switzerland's energy ness of our future. There is an entire spec­ the vegetable or animal materials thus pro­ policy ls expected to focus on adequate en­ trum, from zero to infinity, of views and ac· duced are eaten. burned, or allowed to decay ergy supplies, maintenance of employment tions on almost any problem. they combine with oxygen and return to levels, reduction of political and economic Let's take the pollution problem, for ex· the carbon dioxide and water from whence dependence on foreign nations (in partic­ ample. We all know there are still some com­ they came. We all know this. Then, what i!:i ular, unilateral dependence), and protection panies and cities which put toxic gases and the surprise? of people, maintenance of a worthwhile en­ liqUids into our air and streams. It's almost Surprise Number One is that most of the vh·onment and conservation of natural re· unbelievable that many of our large cities oxygen in the atmosphere doesn't come from sources. still discharge raw sewage, or only partially photosynthesis. The evidence is now over­ It all sounds like a replay of Project Inde­ treated sewage into our streams. Both indus- whelming that photosynthesis ls just inade· pendence in the United States, but the Swiss try and the cities should be stopped imme· quate to have produced the amount of oxygen are confident that its approach to a new na­ diately from these flagrant violations. that is present in our atmosphere. The rea· tional energy policy Will a.void the pol1tlca.1 On the other extreme we have those people son is that the amount of oxygen produced quagmire which has delayed U.S. planning who Wish to have distilled water in the by photosynthesis ls just exactly enough to and action. streams and zero particulates in ihe atmos- convert the plant tissue back to the carbon JJ!larch 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6101 dioxide and water from which it came. In heavy smoker spends several hours without form bacterial count is too high, not that other words, the net gain in oxygen due to smoking in highly polluted city air contain­ there is too much detergent in the water. photosynthesis is extremely small. The oxy­ ing 35 ppm of CO concentration, the concen­ Enlarged and improved sewage treatment gen in the atmosphere had to come from tration of CO in his blood will actually de­ facilities by Detroit, Toledo, Sandusky, and another source. The most likely possibtlity crease! In the broad expanse of our natural Cleveland wm be required to correct this 1nvolves the photodissociation of water vapor air, CO levels are totally safe for human situation. Our garbage disposal units do far in the upper atmosphere by high-energy rays beings. more to pollute Lake Erie than do the from the sun and by cosmic rays. This proc­ Incidentally, 93 percent of the CO comes phosphate detergents. If we put in the proper ess alone could have produced (over the his­ from trees and greeneries (3.5 billion tons sewage treatment facilities, the lake will tory of the earth 4.5 x 10 o years) about seven per year). Only 7 percent comes from man sparkle blue again in a very few years. times the present mass of oxygen. (270 million tons per year). Incidentally, we've all heard that Lake Su­ The significance of this information is that 3. OXIDES OF NITROGEN WILL CHOKE us! perior is so much larger, cleaner and nicer the supply of oxygen in the atmosphere is than Lake Erie. It's kind of strange, then, to I have been extremely impressed by the learn that in 1972 and 1973 more tons of virtually unlimited. It is not threatened by various research efforts on the part of petro­ man's activities in any significant way. If all commercial fish were taken from Lake Erie leum, automotive, and chemical companies than were taken from Lake Superior. the organic material on ea1·th were oxidized, to remove oxido:?s of nitrogen from the prod­ it would reduce the atmospheric concentra­ Former Gov. John J. Gilligan of Ohio de­ ucts of combustion in the tail pipe gas of our clared war on pollution in general and on tion of oxygen by less than 1 percent. We can automobiles. I've read about the brilliant forget the depletion of oxygen in the atmos­ thermal pollution in particular. Investiga­ work of Dr. Haagen-Smit that showed that tion of the thermal pollution problem re­ phere and get on with the solution of more the oxides of nitrogen play a critical role in serious problems. veals that, beyond any question of doubt, the chain reaction of photochemical smog the sun is by far the greatest thermal pol­ 2. CARBON MONOXIDE WILL KU.L US ALL! formation in Los Angeles. Oxides of nitrogen luter of Lake Erie. Gov. Gilligan announced As you know, the most toxic component of are definitely problems in places where tem­ that he would "back legislation making it automobile exhaust is carbon monoxide. Each perature inversions trap the air. unlawful to increase the temperature of the year man adds 270 million tons of carbon But we've all known for many years that water by more than one degree over the monoxide to the atmosphere. Most of this nature, in addition to man, also produces natural temperature." I don't know what he The Number Three Sur­ comes from automobiles. The scientists are oxides of nitrogen. will do with the sun breaking the law, since concerned about the accumulation of this P1ise (and shock) is that most of the oxides a'> we all know, the natural temperature of toxic material because they know that it has of nitrogen come from nature. If we consider Lake Erie is changed by the sun more than a life in dry air of about three years. For the only nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide 40°F eyery year between winter (33°F) and past several years, monitoring stations on the best estimates are that 97 percent is summ.er {75 °F+) . The natural life in the land and sea have been measuring the carbon natural, and only 3 percent is man-made. lake accommodates this change in great If 0) monoxide content of the atmosphere. Since we also consider nitrous oxide (N2 and fashion, as it has for many thousands of the ratio of automobiles in the northern to amines, then it turns out that 99+ percent years. According to my calculations, if we the southern hemisphere is 9:1, it was ex­ is natural and less than 1 percent is man­ would store up all of the electricity pro­ pected that the northern hemisphere would made. duced in Ohio in a whole year and use it have a much higher concentration of atmos­ Nature makes oxides of nitrogen in several exclusively for heating Lake Erie all at one pheric carbon monoxide. The true measure­ ways. Biological action and organic decom­ time, it would heat the entire lake less than ments show, however, that there is no differ­ position produce most of the N.O and NO. 3/ lOths of 1 °F. In fact, the great saltpeter deposits of South In terms of localized heating we must ence in carbon monoxide amounts between Amer.tea are a result of perpetual thunder­ the hemispheres and that the overall concen­ rP.member that we already have hundreds of storms over the An.des. Oxides of nitrogen in power plants pouring warm water into tration in the air is not increasing at all. In 1·ainwater react with minerals of the soil and fact, they've found higher concentrations of streams and lakes. Forty of these are nuclear end up as saltpeter when the water evapo­ power plants. Evaluation of the effect of carbon monoxide over the Atlantic and rates. Pacific oceans than over land. these from an ecological point of view is that The great abundance of marine life be­ "thermal pollution" is a less descriptive and Early in 1971, scientists at the Stanford tween Antarctica and the tip of South Amer­ Research Institute in Palo Alto, Cal., dis­ less appropriate term than is "thermal en­ ica is also attributed to the nitrate run-off richment." There are no species disappear­ closed that they had done some experiments from the Andes which initiates plankton in smog chambers containing soil. They re­ ing. No ecological catastrophes or problems growth, thus setting off a whole chain of food have appeared. Some of the best fishing loca­ ported that carbon monoxide rapidly disap­ in which fishes and sea animals eat each peared from the chamber. Next, they tions in the country are near the warm water other, ending on the top with the blue whale. outlets of these power plants. sterilized the soil and then found that now The significance of this is that even if we the carbon monoxide did not disappear. They are 100 percent successful in our removal of 5. DDT IS THE WORST THING THAT EVER HAP­ quickly identified the organisms responsible the oxides of nitrogen from combustion PENED TO US for carbon monoxide (CO) removal to be gases, we will still have more than 99 percent DDT and other chlorinated compounds are fungi of the aspergillus (bread mold and left in the atmosphere which is produced by supposedly endangering the lives of man­ penicillin types) . These organisms, on a nature. Sometimes I think nature lattghs at kind and eliminating some bird species by worldwide basis, are using all of the 270 mil­ us. the thinning of the egg shells of birds. There lion tons of the CO made by man for their is a big question mark as to whether or no1; own metabolism, thus enriching the soils of 4. THE DEATH OF LAKE ERIE We've all read for some time that Lake Erie this is true. From the readings that I have the forest and the fields. done, the experiments were conducted in This does not say carbon monoxide is any is dead. It's true that the beaches are no longer swimmable in the Cleveland area and such a manner that positive conclusions less toxic. It does say that, in spite of man's could not be drawn from them. Even if it is activities, carbon monoxide will never build the oxygen content at the bottom of the lake is decreasing. This is called eutrophication. true, it's quite possible that the desirable up in the atmosphere to a dangerous level properties of DDT greatly outnumber the un­ except on a localized basis. To put things in The blame has been placed on phosphates as the cause of this situation. Housewives desirable ones. perspective, let me point out that the average Many of you have heard of Dr. Norman E. concentration of co in Austin, Tex., is about were urged to curb the use of phosphate de­ tergents. In fact, for several years phosphate Borlaug, the Nobel Peace Prize winner. He is 1.5 parts per million. In downtown Houston, opposed to the banning of DDT. He won the in heavy traffic, it sometimes builds up to 15 detergents were taken off the market. There's been a chang~ in law since scientific evidence Nobel Prize because he was able to develop a or 20 ppm. In Los Angeles it gets to be as new strain of wheat that can double the food high as 35 ppm. In parking garages and tun­ proved that the phosphate detergents were not the culprits and never should have been production per acre anywhere in the world nels it is sometimes 50 ppm. that it is grown. Here lies Surprise Number Two for you: removed from the market in the first place. Do you know that the CO content of cigar­ Now let's look at the scientific evidence Dr. Borlaug said, " If DDT is banned by the ette smoke is 42,000 ppm? The co concentra­ tbat I've been able to find on the subject. United States, I have wasted my life's work. I tion in practically any smoke-filled room The study shows that the cause of the eu­ have dedicated myself to finding better meth­ grossly exceeds the safety standards we al­ trophication of Lake Erie has not been prop­ ods of feeding the world's starving popula­ low in our laboratories. I don't mean to im­ erly defined. This evidence suggests that if tion. Without DDT and other important ply that 35 to 50 ppm CO should be ignored. we totally stopped using phosphate deter­ agricultural chemicals, our goals are simply I do mean that there are so many of us who gents it would have no effect whatever on unattainable." subject ourselves to CO concentrations the eutrophication of Lake Erie. Many ex­ As I read into this matter, I find that DDT voluntarily (and involuntarily) that are periments have now been carried out that has had a miraculous impact of arresting in - greater than those of our worse polluted bring Surprise Number Four-that it is the sect-borne diseases and increasing grain pro­ cities, including Holland Tunnel in New organic carbon content from sewage that is duction from fields once ravaged by insects. York, without any catastrophic effects. It is using up the oxygen in the lake and not the According to the World Health Organization, not at all unusual for CO concentrations to phosphates in the detergents. malaria fatalities alone dropped from four reach 100-200 ppm range in poorly ven­ The reason that the Cleveland area. million a year in the 1930s to less than one tilated, smoke-filled rooms. Incidentally, if a beaches are not swimmable is that the coli- million per year in 1968. Other insect-borne 6102 EXTE SIONS OF REMARKS March 10, 1916 disea..c.es, such as encephalitis, yellow fever, a gruelling 38 years. The work week was but I'm willing to support my conclusions and typhus fever showed similar declines. 72 hours. The women's lot was even worse. on evidence good enough for me to stake my Surprise Number Five is that it has been esti­ They worked 98 hours a week scrubbing reputation on it. mated that 100 million human beings who floors, making clothes by hand, bringing in 8. THE LAST SURPRISE: WE'RE GOING TO LIVE! would have died of these afflictions are alive fire wood, cooking in heavy iron pots, fighting today because of DDT. Incidentally, recent off insects without pesticides. Most of the In summary, let me state that we a.re not tests indicate that the thinning of bird egg clothes were rags by present-day standards. on the brink of an ecological disaster. Our shells may have been caused by mercury com­ There were no fresh vegetables in winter. oxygen is not disappearing. There will be no build up of poisonous ca.1·bon monoxide. The pounds rather than DDT! Vitamin deficiency diseases were prevalent. waters can be ma.de pure again by adequate 6. WE'RE KILLING OFF TOO ?,,!ANY SPECIES Homes were cold in winter and swelt-ering sewage treatment plants. The disappearance Many people !eel that mankind is respon­ in the summer. of species is nature.I. A large percentage of sible for the disappearance of the animal Epidemics were expected yearly and pollution is natural pollution and would be species. It is possible that in some instances chances were high that they would carry here whether or not man was on this earth. man may hasten the disappearance of cer­ off some members of the immediate fainily. We cannot solve our problems unless we at­ tain species. However, the abundance of that If you think the water pollution ls bad now, tack them on the basis of what we know evidence indicates that he has very little to it was deadly then. In 1793, one person in rather than what we don't know. Let us use do with it. About 50 species are expected to every five in the city o! Philadelphia died 1n a our knowledge and not our fears to solve disappear during this century. It is also true single epidemic of typhoid as a result of the real problems of our environment. that 50 species became extinct during the polluted water. Many people of that time There is a moral to the effect that those last century and 50 species the century be­ never heard a symphony orchestra., or trav­ who misrepresent facts a.re not believed when fore that, and so on. eled more than 20 Iniles from their birth• they speak the truth. We've heard many Dr. T. H. Jukes of the University of Cali­ place during their entire lifetime. Many in­ cries of "wolf" with respect to our oxygen fornia points out that about 100 million spe­ formed people do not want to return to the supply, the build-up of CO, the disappear­ cies of animal life have become extinct since "paradise" of 150 years ago. Perhaps the sim­ ance of species, DDT, the oxides of nitrogen, life began on this planet, about 3 billion ple life was not so simple. phosphates in the lakes, thermal pollution, years ago. Animals come and animals dis­ lV e are practicing witchcraft radiation effects from nuclear power plants, appear. This is the essence of evolution, as In every age we have people practicing lead in gasoline, mercury in fish, filth in our :Mr. Darwin pointed out many years ago. witchcraft in one form or another. I used to streams, to name a few. Mankind is a relatively recent visitor here. think that the people of New England were For the most part, these cries of wolf have Surprise Number Six is that he has had irrational in accusing certain women o:f being not been malicious, but have been based nothing to do with the disappearance of witches without evidence to prove it. Sup­ largely on fear, ignorance, or misinforma­ millions of species that preceded him. pose someone accused you of being a. witch? tion. The people have listened to these cries In fact, one of man's failures is that he How could you prove you were not? It is and have come running to the rescue, but has not been successful in eliminating a impossible to prove unless you can give when they got there they didn't find the single insect species-in spite of his all out evidence. wolves. war on certain undesirable ones in recent It is precisely this same witchcraft prac­ Let's not cry "wolf" until we are reason­ years. tice that is being used to deter the construc­ ably certain that we have done enough home­ 7. MAN 1- THE REAL POLLUTER! tion of nuclear power plants. The opponents work to know what a wolf looks like. Other­ Here's the Seventh Surprise! The late Dr. are saying that we, the builders and owners wise we may undermine our credibility and William Pecora calculated that all of man's of these plants, are witches and it is up to not be believed by the people when we warn air pollution during his thousands of years us to prove that we are not. The scientific them of the real wolves that do exist. of life on earth does not equal the amount evidence is that the nuclear power plants, of particulate and noXious gases from just constructed to date, are the cleanest and -rhree volcanoes (Krakotoa, Indonesia-1883; least polluting devices for generating elec­ Mt. Katmai, Alaska-1912; Hekla, Iceland- tricity so far developed by man. We need SEAPOWER SUBCOMMITTEE HAS 1947). electricity to maintain the standard of liv­ MADE SEVERAL SIGNIFICANT Dr. Pecora pointed out that nature's pure ing we have reached, but to the extreme CHANGES TO THE NAVY'S SHIP­ water is not so pure after all. Here are a few environmentalists we are witches. We should BUILDING PROGRAM o! his examples: be burned at the stake! · The natural springs feeding the Arkansas We hear the same accusations a.bout lead and Red Rivers carry approximately 17 tons compounds from the gasoline engine. Our HON. LES ASPIN o! salt per Ininute. Environmental Protection Agency has no evi­ The Lemonade Springs in New Mexico carry dence that there has even been a single case OF WISCONSIN approXimately 900 pounds sulphuric acid per of death, or even illness, from lead. in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES million pounds of water. (This ls more than air coming from burning of gasoline, but Tuesday, March 9, 1976 10 times the acid concentration in coal mine they still insist that we must remove the lead discharges.) :from the gasoline. Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, on Friday, The Mississippi River carries over two mil­ To the EPA we are witches. They have no March 5, the Washington Post reported lion tons of natural sediment into the Gulf evidence. No proof. We are pronounced that the Seapower Subcommittee of the o! Mexico each day. guilty! And yet you know that gasoline needs House Armed Services Committee has Let's go back to the good old days some additives to prevent engine knocks. If made several significant changes to the we don't use tetra.ethyl-lead, we'll have to Don't believe the trash a.bout the happy use aroma.tic compounds. Some aromatics a.re Navy's proposed shipbuilding budget. lives that people once had before all this carcinogenic. We know that! The use of un­ Table 1 indicates the proposed Navy nasty industrialization came along. There leaded gasoline also used up to 20 percent shipbuilding program from fiscal years was no such thing. One of my 19-year-old more crude oil. (Incidentally, the real reason 1976 to 1981. students once asked me, "What have all these ~or r::::noving lead from gasoline was because The program proposed by the Sea­ 2000 years of development of industry and it was suspected that lead poisoned the power Subcommittee of the House Armed civilization done for us? Wouldn't we have catalyst in the emission control unit. Now been happier in 100 B.C.?" I said, "No, Services Committee for this year, if de­ we have good evidence that it isn't the lead, veloped into a 5- or 10-year shipbuilding chances are 97 out of 100 that, if you were but ethylene bromide which is the poisoner.) not a poor slave, you'd be a poor farmer, liv­ From what we read and hear it would program, would be a blueprint for a ing at bare subsistence level." seem that we are on the edge of impending disaster. If this plan is adopted, the U.S. When people think of ancient times, they doom. A scientific evaluation of the evidence Navy would spend enormous sums of think of themselves as members of aristoc­ does not support this conclusion. Of course money to buy a very limited number of racy. They a.re sitting 1n the Agora in Athens we have some undesirable problems attrib­ reiatively vulnerable, high-value targets. listening to Socrates, in the Senate House in uted to technological activities. The solution The U.S. Navy has two principal mis­ Rome debating with Cicero, riding on horses of these problems will require a_technical as knights of Charlemagne's time. They are sions. First, the Navy must control the understanding of their nature-not through seas in order to permit the transport of never slaves, never peasants. But, that's what emotions. They cannot be solved unless prop­ most of them would be. erly identified, which will require more tech­ American men and material to conflict My wife once said to me, "If we Iived 150 nically trained people-not less. points in the world and maintain the years a.go, we'd have no trouble getting serv­ I agree, as Thomas Jefferson did, that 1! flow of raw materials and supplies needed ants." :r said, "If we lived 150 years ago, " ·e'd the public is properly informed, the people by this Nation. Second, the U.S. Navy, be the servants." will make wise decisions. The public has not in conjunction with the Marine Corps, Let's consider what life was really like in been getting all of the facts on matters re­ has the mission of projecting U.S. pawer America just 150 years ago. For one thing. lating to ecology. This is the reason why I ashore. we didn't have to worry about pollution very am writing on this subject today-as a tech­ In the past 15 years the nature of long-because life was very brief. Life ex­ nical man and as a citizen. eome of the things naval warfare has changed dramatically. pectancy of males was about 38 years. It was you have read are contrary to your beliefs, The power of naval offense in the form March 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6103 of antiship missiles has drastically al­ enactment of thfs Act becomes law shall ma tely 60,000 tons-and would carry a tered the balance of offensive and defen­ be nuclear powered . . . proportionately smaller number of air­ sive forces in favor of navies, that is, The provisions of this new law apply craft. The most controversial aspect of a the U.S.S.R., determined to deny the seas to aircraft carriers, cruisers, frigates, midi-nuclear carrier is its cost. Logically, to their opponents. At the same time, and destro~:ers. with a smaller weapons platform and re­ because of block obsolescence of World Close study of the relative costs and duced aircraft fleet, both the initial pro­ War II vintage ships, the U.S. Navy has benefits of nuclear power on major com­ curement cost of the midi-carrier and its decreased in size to 477 ships. batants reveal that in life cycle costs, operation and maintenance should be Thus, the U.S. Navy is faced with the nuclear-powered ships are more expen­ less expensive. But, the Navy denies the task within severe budgetary limits of sive than conventional ships and add assertion that a midi-nuclear carrier developing a Navy of sufficient numbers only marginal capability to the fleet. would be cheaper. Unfortunately, if the and capabilities that would permit both In answer to a question I submitted Navy decided the ship will be as expen­ sea control and the projection of forces to the House Armed Services Committee sive as a full-sized 90,000-ton attack nu­ ashore. earlier this year, Secretary Middendorf clear carrier, it will be. If a new ship What we need is a Navy composed of said: design is forced on the Navy, they will, large numbers of relatively inexpensive, The Navy's most recent analysis demon­ through either bureaucratic inertia or yet cost-effective, ships rather than a strates that nuclear-powered ships are more contrivance, or both, insure that it is a small number of high-value targets. expensive, both to acquire and to operate very expensive platform. At present, the National Security over their service lives, than their conven­ The second alternative is the conven­ Council-NSC-is undertaking a special tional counter parts, even at current and tionally powered midi-carrier. It is esti­ study of our long-term shipbuilding pro­ projected fuel prices. mated for the same cost of one Nimitz­ gram, which is expected to be completed The construction and 30-year fuel class carrier-that is, $2 billion-that late this spring and early this summer. costs of a CVNX aircraft carrier are 54 the United States could procure two or Meanwhile, the Seapower Subcommittee percent higher than a similarly config­ three conventionally powered midi­ is plunging headlong into a program to ured conventional aircraft carrier. In re­ carriers. Two midi-carriers would pro­ build large, expensive, and, therefore, sponse to another question that I sub­ vide 33 percent more air~raft compared limited numbers of nuclear powered mitted, Secretary Middendorf said that to a Nimitz-class ship, and three midis major combatants. the life cycle costs of the DDG-47, an would provide twice as many aircraft as The problem with the NSC study is its Aegis-equipped version of the DD-963, the Nimitz-class ship. Therefore, for the timing. On Monday, March 15, the House would be only 60 percent of the cost of same initial procurement price, we could Armed Services Committee and the Ap­ the CSGN strike cruiser. increase the amount of airpower in a propriations Committee must make rec­ Overall, Mr. Speaker, it appears that highly threatened environment by con­ ommendations to the House Budget the full life cycle costs of a nuclear­ centrating two or three midi, conven­ Committee on the entire defense budget powered ship is one-third to one-half tionally powered aircraft carriers in one including the shipbuilding program with­ greater than the cost of a conventional location or provide greater sea control out the benefit of knowing the executive ship. in lower threat environment by dispers­ branch's position. Admittedly, nuclear power provides ing the midi-carriers. The irony of the proposed plan is that added endurance, particularly at high The third alternative is the so-called it has something for every faction in the speeds. But, it is erroneous to claim that mini or VSS carrier, which would weigh Navy and does nothing to resolve the nuclear ships have unlimited endur­ approximately 20,000 tons and carry 35 fundamental problem of the future size ance. Obviously, a nuclear task group helicopters or V-STOL aircraft. This and shape of the Navy. For Admiral will need aviation fuel, replenishment ship could cost as little as $400-$450 Rickover, there are lots of nuclear ships. ordnance and food. It will not have million. Thus, for the cost of one Nimitz For the flyers, there is a big carrier. For unlimited endurance. we could procure four or five mini VSS surface officers, there is the strike carriers. Three of the VSS caniers would cruiser. For the submariner, there is an FUl'thermore, it is necessary to deter­ be able to deploy as many aircraft as one extra Trident Submarine and attack mine whether the added marginal en­ full-sized Nimitz-class submarine. In a submarine. durance is worth the extra cost. Most im­ larger number of threat environments, I The study will be completed only after portantly, it is crucial to compare the am sure that four or five mini-VSS car­ the House has finished action on the limited number of nuclear platforms in riers would be preferable to one large first concmTent budget resolution on relation to the number of conventional Nimitz-class nuclear-powered attack April 15. If the NSC study requires the platforms that can be procured at the canier. authorization and appropriation of addi­ same level of spending. A conventional shipbuilding program would permit us In short, there are a number of attrac­ tional funds, the Congress will be faced tive alternatives to the CVNX carrier. with the difficult choice of busting the to build a larger number of platforms which could be dispersed over a wider Neither the executive branch nor the budget resolution or rejecting an accel­ Congress has thoroughly analyzed the erated shipbuilding program. If Con­ area for better sea control. It is better relative merits of carrier platform alter­ gress exceeds the budget, the President to have a large number of platforms natives. For example, last summer the can criticize us as spendthrifts. If we widely dispersed than one very expen­ sive platform which, even with its endur­ Library of Congress reported: reject an accelerated shipbuilding pro­ Support data has not been furnished show­ gram, the President can accuse us of ance, must spend several days or even ing the difference in cost of the effectiveness depriving the Navy of needed resources weeks to reach the combat area. between the strike cruisers and other alter­ to rebuild the fleet. It is clearly a no win III nat ive remedies for the shortage of large air­ situation for Congress. Looking at the specifics, the Washing­ craft carriers, such as small carriers and sh.ips capable of opera.ting helicopters and ll ington Post reports that the subcommit­ other aircraft that do not require the cata­ I would like to review some of the tee proposes adding $400 million as pults and arresting gear that conventional major decisions contained in the Sea­ advanced procurement for a new CVNX aircraft need to operate on a ship. power Subcommittee recommendations. 90,000-ton Nimitz-class aircraft carrier. The Nimitz class is a gold-plated dino­ Despite persistent questioning by vari­ The most overriding issue is the role of ous congressional committees, the Navy nuclear power. The committee has made saur that epitomizes everything that is wrong with the big ship's approach-it is has not yet produced any studies that unmistakably clear its total enthrallment demonstrate the relative merits of vari­ with Admiral Rickover's concepts of the too expensive, nuclear-powered, and vul­ nerable in the numbers we can afford to ous carrier platforms or the strike role of nuclear power in the surface cruiser. navy. procure. On August 1, 1974, title VIII of the There are tlu·ee major alternatives to Another major change made by the Military Authorization Act became law, a full-sized 90,000-ton nuclear-powered subcommittee is the addition of long lead providing that-- aircraft carrier. First, there is a nuclear­ time items for a second strike cruiser­ New construction, major combatant ves­ Powered midi-carrier. This weapon's CSGN. sels for the strike forces of the U.S. Navy platform would be about two-thirds the What is wrong with the CSGN? authorized subsequent to the date of the size of a regular attack carrier-approxi- As indicated earlier, the life cycle cost 610J EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS lvlarch 10, 19 1NJ of the CSGN would be 40 percent more Committee will review the subcommit­ P. H. Polk's work has been little 1·ecog­ than the life cycle cost of the DDG-47 tee's proposal and decide to defer any nized until recently, but his artistic as­ which would be equipped with the same action until Congress has had an oppor­ pirations and the body of his work are advanced Aegis defense system that will tunity to review and debate the long­ prodigious. be installed on the CSGN. range plan submitted by the executive His photographs are a hypnotic chrnn­ Also, the nuclear strike cruiser relies branch. icle of a place and period too infrequent­ heavily on the Aegis air defense system. I include the following: ly seen. The work of this distinguished which is unproven and v.ill not be avail­ black artist is. Mr. Speaker, like his own able until the 1980. . Furthermore. it FIGURE 1 story, compelling. may not be able to meet Russian anti­ APPROVED NAVY SHIPBUILDING PROGRAl,1 The show of P. H. Polk's work will be ship missile threats in the 1980's and on through April 13 at the Washington 1990's time frame. Fiscal year- Gallery of Photography. The strike cruiser is a nuclear-powered 1976 Mr. Speaker, I would like to include battleship which the Navy claims can (au- for the RECORD two articles on P. H . operate independently. While it is very thor- Total Polk: one by Benjamin Forgey in the expensive, a strike cruiser lacks the sig­ ized) 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 197~1 Washington Star and one by Jacquline nificant mobility that VSS would have Trescott in the Washington Post: by virtue of its aircraft. The aircraft FBM sub- BY BEN.JAMIN FORGEY will also have stand-off capabilities and marines ____ _ There is a wealth of social knowledge. Attacll sub- indetectability by subsurface forces. The marines_ ____ 2 3 2 2 11 little-known or unacknowledged, in t11e un­ strike cruiser would only have two air­ Carriers ______·------·-- 1 -·---- 2 published or unexhibited portfolios of black craft as opposed to the 35 aircraft on the Cruisers ______• 1 -----·- ____ 1 2 American photographers. The exposition vss. VSTOL carrier______1 ---·-- 1 some years back of the work of Harlem Another n ajor change reported by the photographer James Van DerZee, and sub­ ~,~~~!;!fare~Frigates______==== =1===-- 6 --8~ -==== 8== i 8 8~ 8~ 40lg sequent publication of a monograph, reveal­ Washington Post was the decision to de­ Amphibious ______._------·------1 ~ ed just how rich a source of beauty and in­ lete four FFG-7 .. hips and add four DD- Support ______6 3 7 4 6 9 2 formation remained to be tapped. The ex­ 963 ships. Total___ _ 15 16 20 19 25 31 111 hibition of photographs by P.H. Polk at the This decision by the Seapower Sub­ Washington Gallery of Photography (217 7th Cost (dollars St. SE) continues in this vein. committee is very unfortunate. Accord­ fiscal year ing to available estimates, the DD-963 1977 except Polk's geographic and soc~al te1~·ain is a is fiscal year world apart from the sophisticated. city life about 60 percent more expensive than 1976) documented bv Van DerZee. Polk, now 77, the FFG-7, The FFG-7 has stiperior (billio,1s) ____ $3. 9 $6. 3 $5. 4 $5. 7 $6. 1 $7. 3 _ has done most.of his work in Tuskegee, Ala., Cost (dollars antiaircraft warfare-AAW-capabili­ then year) a place resonant with history. As the site of ties compared to the DD-963 apd could ( billions) ____ 3.9 6.3 5.8 6.5 7.4 9.4 - ·-··- the Tuskegee Institute, Booker T. Washing­ be used to escort convoys as well as cer­ ton's greatest achievement, it is an indelible part of the nation's story. It also is, very tain kinds of carrier task force. The de­ t 9 3•.1 thor• ed but funds are only sufficient to contract for 6 ci ion by the committee to delete four much, the South. Polk's photographs taken relatively inexpensive and highly capa­ over the past five decades speak to both as~ pects of the Tuskegee experience. ble hips for more expensive and. in There are marvelous portraits here of many senses less capable ships, is symp­ WORKS BY P. H. POLK, MASTER Tuskegee's great, including two pictures of tom<:1,tic of the misguided program which BLACK PHOTOGRAPHER, ON DIS­ the agriculturalist George Washington Car­ has been proposed by the subcommittee. PLAY IN WASHINGTON, D.C. ver, one in a. cotton field. There are the visit­ The subcommittee has also ordered ing greats, too-Paul Robeson, for instance. that outfitting of the Long Beach with HON . JOHN BRADEMAS in 1942, pictured sitting down, and laughing. Aegis air defense system. The original but still looking big in physique and spirit. acquisition of the Long Beach in the OF INDIANA Above all there are the photographs of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES everyday black experience in Tuskegee, a life early 1960's was only $332.8 million. Ac­ in the fields and in the schools. It is all there, cording to information provided to me Tuesday, March 9, 1976 the pace of the life and the omnnipresent by the Navy, the total cost of the conver­ l\l.I.r. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I would heat in photographs that are valued histori­ sion will be $70a million. like to bring to the attention of the cal documents and works of great artifice, The subcommittee also ordei·ed the recording and evoking the uncommonness of Members of Congress a remarkable ex­ commonplace faces and events. Particularly deletion of the DDG-47 which would be hibition of photographs by the master memorable, for me, are a series of portraits of a DD- 963 outfitted with Aegis. A DDG- black photographer, Prentiss H. Polk, one George Moore, and an obvious1y com­ 47 is expected to cost $589.5 million com­ which are now on display here in i,.vash­ mfssioned, commonplace graduation picture pared to $708 million for just "convert­ ington. ·of grade-school girls in starchy white dresses ing" the Long Beach. In the interest of P. H. Polk, now 77 years of age, but and boys in dress-up suits in front . of the economy, the Aegis should probably be still active and photographing today, has brick schoolhouse with its white columns in tested on the lower cost-that is, DDG- 1931-a work of art. The show will be 01,1 lived in Tuskegee, Ala., and worked at -view through April 13. 47-platform. Tuskegee Institute since 1939 as resi­ Finally, according to the Post story, dent photographer. From 1927 to 1937 (By Jacqueline Trescott) the ubcommittee deferred approval of he was instructor of photography at the "My memories of Prentice H. Polk are of ~ over $1 billion in funds needed to pay school. big bird sweeping across the·· Ttiskegee cost overruns and inflation in the ship­ Mr. Polk is principally a portraitist campus with a camera," a Tuskegee I-nstitute building account. The subcommittee is and the faces which populate his photo­ alumni was saying as a slight, ebullient fig­ playing a fiscal shell game by hiding the graphs are of the people from the in­ ure burst through the door with a h1.1ge black real cost of funding cost overruns and stitute, the town and the sun-ounding camera bag over his shoulder_ escalation by deferring its payment. The Dapper from his licorice black hair, it rural countryside. curly ends astray, to his . brown and white subcommittee should tell the entire Con­ It is an exhibit of many rare insights, patent pumps, Polk, eloquent chronicler of gress what the real costs of our past mis­ spanning more than 50 years. A number the Alabama school most closely associated takes in shipbuilding will be. of great Americans have paused before with Booker T. Washington and historian of Mr. Speaker, the Congress should Mr. Polk's camera including: George black rural life for the last 49 years, had adopt a long-term shipbuilding plan. Washington Carver, Mary Bethune, Paul made his entrance into the Washington Gal- But, the subcommittee has set out the Robeson, Eleanor Roosevelt, ~Nill Rogers, lery of Photography. · beginnings of an ill-advised plan before and Martin Luther King. - ··whoo, hnn:un, rm telling you. You have Congress has even an executive branch grown and aren't you glad I'm an old man," But the most powerful images of this, Polk, loudly boasting that he's 77' thoilgh proposed to consider. Fortunately, the his first one-man gallery exhibition, are he could easily be mistaken for a 50-year-old, Budget Committee could have an oppor­ his formal portraits of rural men and -told the first of two dozen women h:e ltissed. tunity to review the plans of the sub­ women and his render1ngs of the black Turning to another woman, his watery eye committee and determine their ad\-isa­ commtmity, young and old, of Tuske­ twinkling, Polk said, ".\re you a twin? No? I bi1it y . It is my hope that the Budget gee. don't know how one woman could be so fine." Mm 'Cl, 11, 19 l 6 C0.1. TGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6105

It was immediately obvious how Polk had for him on Saturday night where he took tury, Tuskegee was a mecca for blacks and earned his reputation as a pleasant, cheerful, pictures of all the guest.s wlth hls Rollelfl.ex. most educated blacks of the day spent some teasing romantic, fond of telling what one One anecdote most folks, young or old, re­ time there and at Howard University. Among friend called "smelly" jokes. The 34 photo­ member about Polk was the day his wife just 1t.s alumni a.re author Ralph Ellison and Gen. graphs that the gallery is exhibiting through up and left him and their nine children, Daniel (Chappie) James, the Air Force's April 13 also quickly established why Polk \\'-Ith her mother to take care of the flock. first black !our-star general. During World is highly regarded for capturing black r,rral "I wanted to be an artist, like Van Gogh War II the campus was the training location life as sensitively as J ames Van DerZee has or Rembrandt," Polk satd, standing by his for the famous Tuskegee Airmen. recorded the urban history of Harlem. haunting picture of an elderly black woman ''You know the expression 'in the right "He never made his students feel in awe smoking a pipe. One of four children, he was place. at the right time,' well. that's been o! him," commented 1 ettie Washington born in Bessemer, Ala., and sent to boarding 1ny story," Polk said. Douglass, who was locked in an embrace. school in Birmingham and later Tuskegee. Pausing by an extraordinary photograph "There's great feeling of warmth for hin1," "At Tuskegee an upperclassman asked me of George Washington Carver, the Tuskegee the granddaughter of Booker T. Washington how I was going to finance my artistic am~ scientist best known for his commercial work and the wife of Frederick Douglass' grand­ bitlons and then suggested photography," he ,vi.th the peanut, Polk spoke of some of bi­ son added. recalled. The campus photographer, C. ~I. associations. "He was a great man. And anv "When you got your fir ·t organdy bonnet, Battey. trained the 17-year-old and then great person is cocky once in a while," Polk then entered primary school and then grad­ Polk dropped out of school, moving to Chi­ said, looking closely at the knitting in Car­ uated, you were sent down to Mr. Polk for a cago, and then returning to Tuskegee in ver's lap. "He once told me 'Polk I can•t picture," recalled Letitia Woods Brown, a 1927. He's been the official photographer pay you.' I said, 'I know but I don't expect George Washington University professor, who and a professor ever since. you to.' Then he said, "Polk you keep taking grew up on the campus where her grand­ Though Polk missed the era of Booker pictures of me because one day they will be parents and parents taught. Washington, who transformed the teachers' worth money and people will want them.' And, during yesterday's opening, Polk con­ training school into an international center So I saved them all. stantly hooted at how "his children" had for agricultural and lndustrlal education, "But you know I don't have a picture up grown, ticking off all their names. Many of Polk has been intertwined in the school's here that I thought would be on a gallery the same people had attended a private party modern history. In the early part of the cen- wall one day. I'm glad I lived to see it.'•

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thu1·sday, Ma1·ch 11, 1976 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The message also announced that the grants to public schools in Indian 1·eserrn.­ Rev. Mr. Charles A. Mallon, perm.a­ Senate had passed with amendments in tion areas set forth in the special message transmitted by the President to the Con­ nent deacon, St. Ambrose Church, which the concurrence of the House is gress on February 6, 1976, under section 1013 Cheverly, Md., offered the following requested, bills of the House of the fol­ of the lmpoundment Control Act of 1974. prayer: lowing titles: H.R. 8650. An act t-0 assist low-income per­ The message also announced that the To You, Lord, I offer my prayer; in sons in insulating their homes, to facilitate President pro tempore, pursuant to Pub­ You, 111,y God, I trust. Save me from, the State and local adoption of energy conser­ lic Law 94-201, appointed DaYid E. shame of defeat,· don't let my enemies vation standards for new buildings, and to Draper, of Mississippi, for a term of 4 gloat over me/ Defeat does not come to direct the Secretary of Housing and Urban years; K. Ross Toole, of Montana, for a those who trust in You, but to those who Development to undertake research and to term of 4 years; David Voight, of South are quick to rebel against You.-Psalms develop energy conservation performance Dakota, for a term of 6 years; and Don­ 25: 1-3. standards; ancl ald Yoder, of Pennsylvania, for a term Almighty Father receive from us glory, H.R. 12122. An act to amend section 2 of the Act of June 30, 1954, providing for the of 2 years; to be members of the Board honor, and praise. We turn to You, continuance of civil government for the of Trustees of the American Folklife Father, with recognition of Your supreme Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and Center. majesty and ask Your intercession for for other purposes. this Nation and all the nations of the The message also announced that the world. We are Your people, You are om· SCHEDULE FOR CONSIDERATION God. Senate had passed a bfil and concm·rent resolution of the following titles, in AND ADOPI'ION OF FIRST BUDGET Help us Father to direct our efforts RESOLUTION FOR FISCAL YEAR both now and in future days that we which the concun-ence of the House is might enter into Yom· kingdom. For requested: 1977 without Your guidance we cannot dis­ S. 2578. An act to authorize the Secretary (Mr. ADAMS asked and was given cern that which is fruitful. of Agriculture to make financial assistance permission to address the House for 1 Bless us then with Your eternal light available to agricultural producers who suf­ minute and to revise and extend his re­ fer losses as the result of having their agri­ and unending llfe that we might become cultural commodities or livestock quaran­ marks and include extraneous matter.) one with You, and one with each other. tined or condemned because such commodi­ Mr. ADAMS. Mr. Speaker, I would like We ask this through Christ our Lord. ties or livestock have been found to contain to a11nonunce for the benefit of all Mem­ Amen. toXic chemicals dangerous to the public bers the House Budget Committee's health; schedule for considei·ation of the first S. Con. Res. 100. Concurrent resolution ex­ THE JOURNAL budget resolution for fiscal year 1977. pressing appreciation to professional societies The schedule is as follows: The SPEAKER. The Chair has ex­ for their Congressional Science and Engi­ March 15: House committee reports amined the Journal of the last day's pro­ neering Fellowship Programs; and S. Con. Res. 101. Concurrent resolution are submitted to the Budget Committee. ceedings and announces to the House his _providing for additional copies of the 1976 March 17-18: Chairman meets with approval thereof. Joint Economic Report. individual task force chairmen for ad­ Without objection, the Journal stands vice on their re.spective budget areas. · · approved. And that it had passed resolutions of March 19-20: Chairman meets with There was no objection. the following titles: committee staff for review of March 15 S. Res. 366. Resolution disapproving the reports and for creation of chairman's proposed deferral of budget authority (De­ 1·ecommendations. -ferral D76-39 and D76-97) for Indian health MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE transmitted by the President to the Con­ March 21-22: Staff prepares briefing and markup materials. A gress on July 26, 1975, and January 23, 1976, message from the Senate by Mr. March 23-April 1: Committ.ee marks of under section 1013 of the Impoundment Sparrow, one it-5 clerks, announced Control Act of 1974; up first budget resolution and orders .first that the Senate had passed without S. Res. 385. Resolution disapproving tlle amendment a bill of the House of the resolution reported. proposed deferral of budget authority for the 2-5: Staff following title: Youth Conservation Corps {numbered D76- April drafts report on re~o­ lution. and circulates to members. H.R. 12193. An act to amend the Federal 101); and Water Pollution Control Act to increase the s. Res. 388. Resolution disapproving the April 5-7: Committee reviews draft re­ authorization for the National Study Com­ proposed deferral of budget authority ( de­ port. and members file additional views, n1ission. ferral n1.1mber D76- 103) !or construction a de ired. CXXII--386-Part 5