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ARCHIVES DE L'orient LATIN PUBLIÉES SOUS LE PATRONAGE Θ SOCIETE DE L ORIENT LATIN Ο Tome II, 1S82, Pp

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ARCHIVES DE L'orient LATIN PUBLIÉES SOUS LE PATRONAGE Θ SOCIETE DE L ORIENT LATIN Ο Tome II, 1S82, Pp Η Κ Η Θ ΙΟ Λ ΙΒ Β Η Κ ΙΑ Ρ Π Υ Κ Η Κ Η Θ ΙΟ Λ ΙΒ Β Η Κ ΙΑ Ρ Π Υ Κ Η Κ Η Θ ΙΟ Λ ΙΒ Β Η Κ ΙΑ Ρ Π Υ Κ tt Η Κ Η Θ ΙΟ Λ ΙΒ Β Η Κ ΙΑ Ρ Π Υ Κ HISTOIRE Η DES Κ ARCHEVÊQUES LATINS Η DE L'ILE DE CHYPRΘE ΙΟ PAR Λ LE COMTE DE MAS LATRIE ΙΒ Β Η Κ ΙΑ Ρ GÊNES IMPRIMERIE DE L INSTITUT ROYAL DES SOURDS-MUETS Π 1882 Υ Κ Η Κ Η Θ ΙΟ Λ ΙΒ Β Η Κ ΙΑ Ρ Π Υ Κ HISTOIRE Η DES Κ ARCHEVÊQUES LATINS Η A DE L'ILE DE CHYPRΘ E ΙΟ PAR Λ LE COMTE DE MAS LATRIE ΙΒ Β Η Κ IIBAIOeHKH I ΙΑ Ρ GENES Π IMPRLMERIE DE L INSTITUT ROYAL DES SOURDS-MUETS Υ 1882 Κ Η Κ EXTRAIT Η ARCHIVES DE L'ORIENT LATIN PUBLIÉES SOUS LE PATRONAGE Θ SOCIETE DE L ORIENT LATIN Ο Tome II, 1S82, pp. 2oy-j2S Ι Λ Β Ιr ^ oam 1i2^S Β zi Η fir: .i 60 exemplaires. Κ ΙΑ Ρ Π Υ Κ Η Κ Η I. Θ HISTOIRE DES ARCHEVÊQUES LATINΟ S DE L'ILE DE CHYPRE Ι Λ ΙΒ Le pape Célestin III, voulant déférer à la demande d'Amaury de Lusignan, alors seulement seigneuΒr et non encore roi de l'ile de Chypre, organisa en 1195, l'église latine dans ce pays. Il y créa un archevêché dont le siège fu t fixé à Nicosie, la ville la plus considérable de l'île, et lui donna pour évêchés suffragants Paphos, Limassol et Famagouste. LΗe Quien et les éditeurs des Familles d'Ou­ tremer, après Le Quien^ ont voulu ajouter à ces sièges un cinquième évêché latin, celui de Cérines. Ce siège est inadmissible et le cha­ pitre qu'on lui a consacrΚé dans VOriens christiamis avec ses huit ou neuf dignitaires doit être entièrement supprimé. Jamais, sous aucun règne, pas même transitoirement, la ville de Cérines n'a été le siège d'un évêché latinΑ. L'île de Chypre n'a jamais formé que quatre diocèses latins. ΙLe, cadre ecclésiastique établi par Célestin III n'a pas varié une seule fois, ni par addition, ni par suppression, pendant les quatre cents ans qu'à duré en Chypre la domination latine, de l'an 1195 Ρà l'an 1570. Nul des neuf prélats auxquels Le Quien confère le titre d'évêque latin de Cérines en Chypre ne l'a été réel­ lementΠ. Ces prélats sont des évêques in partihus de la Cyrénaïque, Υou bien des évêques nommés à des sièges européens, dont les noms plus Κ Histoire des archev. de Chypre. [208] ou moins rapprochés de celui de Cérines ont été défigures dans la transcription ou la lecture. On peut considérer ces fliits comme ab­ solument certains. Les évêchés latins créés par Célestin III reçurent en dotation Η i.° une partie des domaines de l'église grecque, dont un grand nombre de sièges furent supprimés et 2.° les dîmes sur toutes les terres attribuées à la couronne, aux chevaliers ou à des bourgeoisΚ. Les 14 évêchés grecs de Citium, Salamine, Amathonte, Neapolis , Curium, Paphos, Arsinoë, Solia, Lapithos, Cérines, Chytri, Trimi- thus, Carpàsso, Leucosia ou Nicosie furent réduits à quatre. IlΗs cor­ respondaient aux quatre évêchés latins , mais les prélats grecs par suite des décisions de 1222 et 1260 qui complétèrent la création de 1195 , durent résider en d'autres villes que les prélats latinsΘ. Le métro­ politain de Nicosie dut se fixer dans la vallée de Solia, à l'ouest de l'île; l'évêque grec de Paphos à Arsinoë, aujourd'hui Arzos dans le Kilani; celui de Limassol à Lefcara, au haut des montΟs Mâchera et celui de Famagouste à Riso Carpàsso , dans le promontoirΙ e oriental. L'établissement de l'église latine, qui asservit en réalité l'égHse grecque en lui ôtant l'autorité, ne s'opéra pas sans difficultés et sans troubles. Jusqu'au XIV^ siècle, la lutte s'accusΛe presque sous chaque épiscopat. Dans le cours de ces crises, on vit toujours la puis­ sance laïque prendre la défense des intérêtΒs religieux de la popula­ tions indigène, comme pour lui faire oublier sa sujétion politique. Quelquefois, les papes eux-mêmes Ιacquiesçant aux demandes de la royauté ralentissent l'effet de leurs propres décisions, ou modèrent l'action de leurs légats. Β ΗL ALAIN. 1196. 1196 Alain, mal nommé Saldn dans l'une des continuations de Guillaume de Tyr ' , fut d'abord archidiacre des églises unies de S. Georges de Rama Κet Lydda, évêché de la Palestine, et chanceher d'Amaury de Lusignan, avant l'élévation de la seigneurie de Chypre au rang de Royaume ^ Chargé par le pape Célestin III d'organiser dans l'ile, de Αconcert avec l'archidiacre de Laodicce, les chapitres et les sièges épiscopauxΙ , dont Amaury avait demandé la création au S. Siège 5, il fut élu archevêque de Nicosie par le chapitre métropolitain dans leΡ courant de l'année 1196. 1 Historiens des crois,; Hist. occid., t. II, p. 167. vrier 1196, publiées dans notre Hist. de Chypre, t. 111, \'ar. D.: Salein, arcediacres de S. Georges de Rames. p. J99-600. Πi Carlul. de S.le Soph. de Nicosie, Bibl. Nat. Mss. j Hisl. de Chyp., t. III, 599, et Cartul. de Sainte ΥLat. 10189, n<>4). Bulles du 29 sept. 1195 et 20 fc- Sophie, n" 4. Κ [209] I. Alaim, iip6. 5 Célestin III confirme d'une manière générale les droits d'Alain et les dotations territoriales affectées à son l'église de Nicosie par Amaury, dès lors roi de Chypre, dans une bulle du 13 décembre 1196, ainsi libellée: «• VenerabiU fratri Alano, Nicosiensi archiepiscopo « 4. Η A la suite de la demande qu'en avait faite pour lui le chapitre, Alain reçut du pape au commencement de l'année 1197 le pallium, qui était l'insigne de la pleine autorité métropolitaine. Il était alors Κ chanceher du royaume de Chypre 5 : il délivre en cette qualité une donation du roi Amaury au S. Sépulcre, du mois de mars de l'an 1201 ^ Η Alain, qui n'est mentionné ni dans les Familles d'Outremer, ni dans VOriens christianus, ne vivait plus le 13 décembre 1205. Ce jour. Innocent III confirme la nomination d'un trésorier de l'églisΘe de Limassol faite par l'archevêque défunt, désigné seulement par la lettre A., dont la mort devait être assez récente : <( thesaurariam tibi » a bone memorie A. archiepiscopo Nicosiensi collatamΙ Ο» ?. II. N. inconnu. F eut-être TERRY OU THIERRYΛ. 1206. Il est probable que l'élection du nouvel archevêque de Chypre n'avait pas encore eu lieu le 28 janvier 1206. Il est vraisemblable aussi que le siège d'Alain vaquait toujoursΒ, quand Innocent III, s'adressant aux chanoines de Nicosie, prenaiΙt sous la protection apos- toHque le chapitre et ses biens, notamment la maison autrefois pro­ priété de Guillaume de Gaurelles ^ et ses dépendances, « laquelle » maison avait été reconstruite par l'archevêquΒ e de bonne mémoire », ainsi que le jardin nommé Prastia Pallorum, situé à Nicosie, précé­ demment donné au chapitre par le feu roi Amaury 9. Mais il est certain que le prélat était élu, peut-être sacré et in­ tronisé déjà le 5 août 1206,Η date d'une lettre qu'Innocent III lui adresse de Ferentino. La nomination du second métropolitain latin de Nicosie est donc comprise entre le mois de janvier et le mois d'août 1206. Κ Le pape lui mandait de se rendre à la cour apostolique , ou d'y envoyer un procureurΑ, afin que le S. Siège pût connaître contradictoi- rement des réclamationΙ s élevées par le nouveau patriarche latin de 4 Hist. de Chyp., t. III, p. éoi. 8 Guillermi de Caurellis. Les Gaurelle, dont on a 5 Hist, de Chyp.,Ρ t, III, p. 605. Cartul. de S.te écrit aussi le nom Gaverelles étaient chypriotes, Sophie n. i, cf. n" 4, du 4 des nones de Janvier 2 d'origine franque. (et non 3) janvier 1197. 9 Lettre d'Innocent III du 5 des calendes de fj- 6 Cartul, du S. Sép., éd. Rozière, p, 317. vrier, 8' année, à Rome, Cartul. de S.te Sophie, n° 14, 7 Hist, de Chyp., t. II, p. 33. Inn. III, Ep., éd. publiée dans la Biblioth. de l'ic. des chartes, 1875, Migne, t. ΠU, col. 756, 1. VIII, ep. 181. p. 222. ΥM&s LATRIE, 2 Κ Histoire des archev. de Chypre. L-^o] Constantinople, Thomas Morosini, qui voulait soumettre l'église de Chypre, jusque là exempte, à sa juridiction '°. Les prétentions du patriarche Morosini n'eurent pas de succès; et l'église de Chypre continua de jouir comme par le passé de l'indé­ Η pendance qui lui avait été accordée dès le cinquième siècle. Elle avait été détachée à cette époque du patriarcat d'Antioche pour être placée sous l'autorité directe du Saint Siège , à l'occasion de la découverte Κ du corps de s. Barnabe, près de l'ancienne Salamine, au N. E. de Famagouste ". On ne connaît pas le nom du métropolitain , qui avait eu à déΗ­ fendre ainsi l'autocéphalie de son église dès la première année de son ministère. Élu en 1206, il était décédé, ou n'était plus à la tcte de l'église chypriote, en 1211, année dans laquelle un documenΘ t mentionne un nouvel archevêque du nom de Durand. Peut-être ce second archevêque latin se nommait-il Terry.
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