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Complejo Volcánico Mocho-Choshuenco

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Complejo Volcánico Mocho-Choshuenco Complejo Volcánico Mocho-Choshuenco Región: Los Ríos Provincia: Valdivia y Ranco Panguipulli, Los Lagos, Comuna: Futrono Coordenadas: 39°56’S – 72°02’O Poblados más cercanos: Neltume – Panguipulli- Choshuenco, Puerto Fui Tipo de volcán: Complejo volcánico Altura: 2422 m s.n.m. Diámetro basal: 18 km Área basal: 250 km2 Volumen estimado: 100 km3 Última actividad: 1864 AD Complejo Volcánico Mocho-Choshuenco, vista desde el este Última erupción mayor: 1864 AD (Fotografía: Luis Lara, Programa de Riesgo Volcánico) Ranking de riesgo 9 (alto) específico: Generalidades El Complejo Volcánico Mocho-Choshuenco está formado por los centros homónimos que se sobreponen formando un alineamiento de orientación NW-SE. Morfológicamente, el complejo consiste en una estructura tipo caldera formada por el colapso de un volcán ancestral y que comprometió también parte del volcán Choshuenco. Esta estructura genera una morfología achatada, suavemente inclinada hacia el sur y elongada en dirección NW-SE, de 4,5 km de diámetro mayor y que en su interior alberga un glaciar. El interior de la caldera alberga un cono central denominado El Mocho. Asimismo, el complejo incluye alrededor de 20 centros adventicios organizados en dos grupos distribuidos sobre sus flancos suroeste y este, además de un cráter de explosión en su flanco oeste. Por otra parte, al pie del complejo se encuentra un grupo volcánico independiente de unos veinte conos de piroclastos y lavas asociadas denominado Grupo Fui. Registro eruptivo Las unidades volcánicas más antiguas han sido fechadas en alrededor de 300 mil años y la formación de la caldera habría ocurrido hace unos 60 mil años. En los últimos 10 mil años la actividad ha sido intensa tanto en el edificio central como en los centros de flanco o periféricos. Algunas erupciones han sido altamente explosivas, entre las que destacan las erupciones plinianas ocurridas hace 11.000, 10.000 y 8.000 años cal AP. El complejo registra 5 erupciones históricas caracterizadas por interacción de magma y agua: la primera en 1759, y la última y más violenta en 1864. Se ha estimado que el complejo tiene una recurrencia eruptiva de una erupción cada 150 años. Actualmente, no presenta actividad visible, aunque se registra actividad microsísmica. Peligros y riesgos asociados Debido a los antecedentes geológicos disponibles, es probable que un evento eruptivo futuro sea de carácter explosivo, caracterizado por la formación de una columna eruptiva que podría generar flujos piroclásticos, lahares y emisiones de lava. Los lahares podrían afectar a las localidades adyacentes a los cauces principales que descienden del volcán, como Choshuenco, Neltume y el sector de Enco. La caída de piroclastos afectaría, principalmente, la zona este del volcán y las áreas más vulnerables serían las localidades de Puerto Fui, Neltume y Puerto Pirehueico. Mapa de ubicación del Complejo Volcánico Mocho-Choshuenco REFERENCIAS Mc Millan, N.; Harmon, R.; Moorbath, S.; López, L.; Strong, D.F. 1989. Crustal sources involved in arc magmatism: a case study of Volcán Mocho- Choshuenco, southern Chile. Geology17: 1152-1156. Moreno, H.; Lara, L. 2007. Geología del Complejo Volcánico Mocho-Choshuenco, Región de los Ríos. Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, Carta Geológica de Chile, Serie Geología Básica, No. 107, xx p., 1 mapa escala 1:50.000. Santiago. Rawson, H.; Naranjo, J.A.; Smith, V.; Fontijn, K.; Pyle, D.; Mather, T.; Moreno, H. 2015. The frequency and magnitude of post- glacial explosive eruptions at Volcán Mocho-Choshuenco, southern Chile. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 299: 103-129. Información Cartográfica: Moreno, H.; Lara, L. 2007. Geología del Complejo Volcánico Mocho-Choshuenco, Región de los Ríos. Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, Carta Geológica de Chile, Serie Geología Básica, No. 107, xx p., 1 mapa escala 1:50.000. Santiago. Moreno, H.; Naranjo, J.A. 2006. Peligros del Complejo Volcánico Mocho-Choshuenco, Región de Los Lagos. Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, Carta Geológica de Chile, Serie Geología Ambiental 9, 1 mapa escala 1:50.000. .
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