230.00.018 Max Havelaar Boekje FINAL April 2010.Pdf
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FISCAL 2012 ANNUAL REPORT Fiscal 2012 Annual Publications
FISCAL 2012 ANNUAL REPORT Fiscal 2012 annual publications FISCAL 2012 ANNUAL REPORT SUMMARY Message from Michel Landel, Chief Executive Officer, Sodexo page 2 Our Group PROFILE page 6 HISTORY page 11 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE page 13 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE page 22 Our strategy THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF OUR DEVELOPMENT page 34 OUR AMBITION page 39 Our Quality of Life Services OUR ON-SITE SERVICES page 42 OUR BENEFITS AND REWARDS SERVICES page 89 OUR PERSONAL AND HOME SERVICES page 101 Glossary page 106 Fiscal 2012 annual publications Annual Report Message from Michel Landel, Sodexo’s Chief Executive Officer. November 8, 2012 In a very difficult economic environment, I am pleased to confirm that Sodexo continues to be a growth company, demonstrating the effectiveness of our strategy and the strength of our unique positioning as an integrator of Quality of Life services. During the just completed fiscal year, we have maintained the investments necessary to support Sodexo’s continued transformation. In a complicated economic environment, Sodexo’s growth continues In 2012, the global economic climate remained particularly troubled: Europe appears locked in a vicious recessionary circle, the U.S. is still vulnerable under the weight of its debt and the so-called “emerging” countries have felt the effects of the overall slowdown. Despite this uncertain environment, Sodexo has continued to grow and is maintaining its medium-term objectives. We can be confident in our Group’s future for three main reasons: Our positioning is at the heart of societal change Services are driving development in modern societies. They play an increasingly important role in economic activity, employment and responding to individual needs. -
Fairtrade Certification, Labor Standards, and Labor Rights Comparative Innovations and Persistent Challenges
LAURA T. RAYNOLDS Professor, Department of Sociology, Director, Center for Fair & Alternative Trade, Colorado State University Email: [email protected] Fairtrade Certification, Labor Standards, and Labor Rights Comparative Innovations and Persistent Challenges ABSTRACT Fairtrade International certification is the primary social certification in the agro-food sector in- tended to promote the well-being and empowerment of farmers and workers in the Global South. Although Fairtrade’s farmer program is well studied, far less is known about its labor certification. Helping fill this gap, this article provides a systematic account of Fairtrade’s labor certification system and standards and com- pares it to four other voluntary programs addressing labor conditions in global agro-export sectors. The study explains how Fairtrade International institutionalizes its equity and empowerment goals in its labor certifica- tion system and its recently revised labor standards. Drawing on critiques of compliance-based labor stand- ards programs and proposals regarding the central features of a ‘beyond compliance’ approach, the inquiry focuses on Fairtrade’s efforts to promote inclusive governance, participatory oversight, and enabling rights. I argue that Fairtrade is making important, but incomplete, advances in each domain, pursuing a ‘worker- enabling compliance’ model based on new audit report sharing, living wage, and unionization requirements and its established Premium Program. While Fairtrade pursues more robust ‘beyond compliance’ advances than competing programs, the study finds that, like other voluntary initiatives, Fairtrade faces critical challenges in implementing its standards and realizing its empowerment goals. KEYWORDS fair trade, Fairtrade International, multi-stakeholder initiatives, certification, voluntary standards, labor rights INTRODUCTION Voluntary certification systems seeking to improve social and environmental conditions in global production have recently proliferated. -
Fair Trade Activism Since the 1960S Van Dam, P
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Challenging Global Inequality in Streets and Supermarkets: Fair Trade Activism since the 1960s van Dam, P. DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-19163-4_11 Publication date 2019 Document Version Final published version Published in Histories of Global Inequality Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): van Dam, P. (2019). Challenging Global Inequality in Streets and Supermarkets: Fair Trade Activism since the 1960s. In C. O. Christiansen, & S. L. B. Jensen (Eds.), Histories of Global Inequality: New Perspectives (pp. 255-276). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 3-030-19163-4_11 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:27 Sep 2021 Challenging Global Inequality in Streets and Supermarkets: Fair Trade Activism since the 1960s Peter van Dam CHALLENGING GLOBAL INEQUALITY ON THE GROUND In 1967, the Dutch economist Harry de Lange noted that ‘[w]ithin a rela- tively short time-span, the question of the relation between poor and rich countries has become the pivotal issue in international economic politics and in the grand world politics themselves’.1 Nonetheless, the issue deserved more attention, he added. -
Fair Trade 1 Fair Trade
Fair trade 1 Fair trade For other uses, see Fair trade (disambiguation). Part of the Politics series on Progressivism Ideas • Idea of Progress • Scientific progress • Social progress • Economic development • Technological change • Linear history History • Enlightenment • Industrial revolution • Modernity • Politics portal • v • t [1] • e Fair trade is an organized social movement that aims to help producers in developing countries to make better trading conditions and promote sustainability. It advocates the payment of a higher price to exporters as well as higher social and environmental standards. It focuses in particular on exports from developing countries to developed countries, most notably handicrafts, coffee, cocoa, sugar, tea, bananas, honey, cotton, wine,[2] fresh fruit, chocolate, flowers, and gold.[3] Fair Trade is a trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency and respect that seek greater equity in international trade. It contributes to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to, and securing the rights of, marginalized producers and workers – especially in the South. Fair Trade Organizations, backed by consumers, are engaged actively in supporting producers, awareness raising and in campaigning for changes in the rules and practice of conventional international trade.[4] There are several recognized Fairtrade certifiers, including Fairtrade International (formerly called FLO/Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International), IMO and Eco-Social. Additionally, Fair Trade USA, formerly a licensing -
Timeline of Sustainable Development (Emergence of Anthropocene)
Timeline of Sustainable Development (Emergence of Anthropocene) ~200000 years ago: appearance of modern Homo sapiens. 50000 to 10000 BCE: Quaternary (Pleistocene to Holocene) megafauna extinctions (more than half of all species >40kg, especially Australia and Americas – human predation a significant contributor). ~11700 years ago, last Ice Age ends giving rise to modern climate era and flourishing of humanity. Rock pigeons believed to be first domesticated animals about 10000 years ago. 7000 BC: Jericho (pop 2000) thought to be longest continuously inhabited city. 4000 BC: Feng Shui philosophy of harmony between environment and physical landscape. 3000 BC: Knossos, Crete believed to establish first landfill (miden). 500 BC: Athens introduces law requiring waste be dumped at least 1 mile from city; Sun Tzu’s The Art of War and strategy of resource use and planning. 202 BC: travel begins on the silk road. 376: influx of Goths into Roman Empire – thought to be pivotal point in decline of the Empire. c. 825: first appearance in print of numerical analysis by mathematicians al-Khwarizmi and al- Kindi (introduction of algebra, trigonometry – imported to Italy by Fibonacci 300 years later) 859: Fatima al-Firhi founds first degree-granting university in Fez, Morocco. 960-1279: Song dynasty flourishes in China, thought to be first to use of paper currency, earliest use of inoculations against smallpox, spreads to Ottoman Empire (becomes widespread post-1721 when Mary Wortley Montagu – wife of British Ambassador to Turkey – inoculates her own children). 1215: Magna Carta establishes English constitutional tradition. 1347: Stora Kopparberg, Sweden, oldest commercial corporation, receives Royal Charter. c. -
'From Soil to Customer'
‘From Soil to Customer’ Corporate Social Responsibility, self-regulation and supply chain control in the agri-food industry Name: ! Marleen Vente Teacher: ! Dr. E. Nijhof Student ID: ! 3086836 Course: !! Globalizering; Vloek of Zegen? Document:! Bachelor thesis Program:! Language and Culture Studies Submitted:! April 11, 2010 Specialization:! International Relations and Political History Table of Contents Introducing the study! 5 Research question! 5 Objectives and set-up! 5 Regarding the case study! 5 Phase I: Theoretical Background! 7 Globalization and sustainability as essentially contested concepts! 7 Essentially entangled concepts: Unilever in Indonesia! 7 Sustainability of global agri-food supply chains! 9 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into the 21st Century! 10 CSR in the agri-food industry! 11 A short history of certification and labeling in the agro-food industry! 12 Prerequisites for successful self-regulation in the agro-food industry.! 13 Phase II: Case Study Analysis! 15 World trade in fresh and processed fruits and the European fruit juice sector! 15 Understanding the Voluntary Control System (VCS)! 15 EQCS: self-regulation for bottlers and packagers! 16 IRMA: self-regulation for raw materials and semi-finished processed fruits! 17 The Sustainable Agriculture Initiative Platform (SAI Platform)! 18 Phase III: Discussion & Conclusion! 19 Discussion: A transparency problem?! 19 Conclusion: A Commitment Problem! 19 Bibliography! 21 Bibliography! 21 Introducing the study To increase the sustainability of their supply chain as an important example of such CSR strategies, companies are increasingly turning to self-regulation initiatives, either individually or collectively as a sector or an industry as a whole. With this development, corporations and industries are entering the arena of food control systems and certification which had previously been dominated by governmental and non-governmental agencies. -
Fairtrade, Certification, and Labor: Global and Local Tensions in Improving Conditions for Agricultural Workers
Fairtrade, certification, and labor: global and local tensions in improving conditions for agricultural workers Laura T. Raynolds Agriculture and Human Values Journal of the Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society ISSN 0889-048X Volume 31 Number 3 Agric Hum Values (2014) 31:499-511 DOI 10.1007/s10460-014-9506-6 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media Dordrecht. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Agric Hum Values (2014) 31:499–511 DOI 10.1007/s10460-014-9506-6 Fairtrade, certification, and labor: global and local tensions in improving conditions for agricultural workers Laura T. Raynolds Accepted: 21 April 2014 / Published online: 30 April 2014 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 Abstract A growing number of multi-stakeholder initia- Introduction tives seek to improve labor and environmental standards through third-party certification. Fairtrade, one of the most Fair trade has emerged over recent years as a popular ini- popular third-party certifications in the agro-food sector, is tiative to socially regulate global markets, particularly in currently expanding its operations from its traditional base the agro-food sector. -
The Marketing of Fair Trade Coffee and Its Implications for Sustainable Development
Mainstreaming the Alternative? The marketing of fair trade coffee and its implications for Sustainable Development Vhairi Tollan, 4th Year, Sustainable Development __________________________________________________________________________ Coffee is the most widely traded agricultural product, with consumption doubling in the last forty years as the drink has come to form part of a modern affluent lifestyle in the Global North (Tucker, 2011). While much of the literature on sustainable food production focuses on the ability of local, place-based networks to increase the resilience of their communities, coffee production brings the questions of sustainable agriculture to a global scale. Whilst it is important that communities increase their self-sufficiency by investing in local agricultural practices, the reality of today’s globalised world means that a sustainable paradigm shift is also necessary for international agricultural trade in products such as coffee. The fair trade movement has emerged to respond to the inequalities in the current system and advocate for an alternative trade model, working to pay farmers an equitable price for their products as well as re-invest money in long-term development initiatives (Raynold, 2009). As CaféDirect’s Medium Roast coffee is the only independent fair trade coffee to be sold in St Andrews’ Tesco branch, as of October 2012, this product shall be used to explore the process through which coffee is produced and traded on the international market, and explore how the product’s social justice commitments are communicated to consumers. This essay shall begin by discussing the significance of coffee and how it came to be an important cultural product, describing the commodity chain that links producers to consumers. -
Balancing a Hybrid Business Model : the Search for Equilibrium at Cafédirect
This is a repository copy of Balancing a Hybrid Business Model : The Search for Equilibrium at Cafédirect. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/132907/ Version: Published Version Article: Davies, Iain A and Doherty, Bob orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-7065 (2019) Balancing a Hybrid Business Model : The Search for Equilibrium at Cafédirect. Journal of Business Ethics. pp. 1043-1066. ISSN 0167-4544 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3960-9 Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This licence allows you to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as you credit the authors for the original work. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Journal of Business Ethics https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3960-9 ORIGINAL PAPER Balancing a Hybrid Business Model: The Search for Equilibrium at Cafédirect Iain A. Davies1 · Bob Doherty2 Received: 28 October 2016 / Accepted: 15 June 2018 © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract This paper investigates the difficulties of creating economic, social, and environmental values when operating as a hybrid venture. Drawing on hybrid organizing and sustainable business model research, it explores the implications of alternative forms of business model experimented with by farmer owned, fairtrade social enterprise Cafédirect. -
The Impacts of Fair Trade Certification
The Impacts of Fair Trade Certification: Evidence From Coffee Producers in Costa Rica (Preliminary and Incomplete)∗ Raluca Dragusanu† Nathan Nunn‡ 28 February 2014 Abstract: We estimate the effects of Fair Trade (FT) certification on coffee producers in Costa Rica. We begin by examining a panel of all coffee producers between 1999 and 2010. We find that FT certification is associated with higher export prices equal to approximately 5 cents per pound. We find no evidence that certification is associated with more sales (either domestic or for export) or with higher domestic prices. Linking the mill-level information on FT certification to individual-level survey data, we find that FT certification does increase incomes, but only for skilled coffee growers and farm owners. There is no evidence that many workers, including unskilled seasonal coffee pickers, benefit from certification. Keywords: Fair Trade, poverty, education. JEL Classification: F14,F63,O13,O54. ∗We thank Marco Antonio Martinez del Angel and Stephanie Cappa for excellent research assistance, and Eduardo Montero for helping to facilitate our field visit in Costa Rica. We also thank ICAFE Costa Rica for sharing their data. We thank Laura Alfaro, David Atkin, Dave Donaldson, Erica Field, Marc Muendler, Ben Olken, Nina Pavcnik, as well as seminar participants at MIT and the NBER for valuable comments. †Harvard University. (email: [email protected]) ‡Harvard University, NBER and BREAD. (email: [email protected]) 1. Introduction Fair Trade (FT) certification offers consumers the opportunity to help lift farmers in developing countries out of poverty. The appeal of Fair Trade to ethically-minded consumers is illustrated by the impressive growth of Fair Trade certified imports over the past decade. -
CHALLENGE and OPPORTUNITY Annual Review 2010-11 the Fairtrade Vision a Human Face to Global Trade
Fairtrade International CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITY Annual Review 2010-11 The Fairtrade Vision A Human Face to Global Trade Fairtrade is an ethical certification system and movement with a people first approach to trade. Fairtrade offers farmers and workers in developing countries a better deal, and the opportunity to improve their lives and invest in their future. Fairtrade’s core products: cotton, bananas, tea, sugar, cocoa, coffee - 27 000 Fairtrade certified products sold worldwide Fairtrade International (FLO) Voices of Fairtrade International Fairtrade International (FLO) is an internationally recognized, Three regional producer networks representing farmers and non-profit organization that works to secure fairer trade terms workers from Africa, Asia and Latin America/Caribbean and so that farmers and workers in developing countries can 19 national labelling initiatives are full members in Fairtrade invest in a better future for themselves and their communi- International’s governance. There are also three marketing ties. Our global team works to directly connect producers organizations and two associate members. and consumers and promote fairer trading conditions and sustainability. We are responsible for the strategic direction of the Fairtrade system, the Fairtrade Standards and support to Fairtrade Standards and Certification System Fairtrade farmers and workers worldwide. A product with the FAIRTRADE Mark means independent certification against the Fairtrade Standards at each step of the supply chain. FLO-CERT certifies all Fairtrade producer organizations; FLO-CERT or the national labelling initiatives certify trading companies. FLO-CERT was the first ISO 65 accredited certification body for an ethical label. ISO 65 is the leading internationally accepted norm for certification bodies operating a product certification system. -
Fairtrade – a Competitive Imperative? an Investigation to Understand the Role of Fair Trade in Company Strategy in the Chocolate Industry
Fairtrade – a Competitive Imperative? An Investigation to Understand the Role of Fair Trade in Company Strategy in the Chocolate Industry Master’s Thesis in Business Administration Author: Phuong Thao Tran & Elina Vettersand Tutor: Anna Blombäck Jönköping University May 2012 Master’s Thesis in Business Administration Title: Fairtrade - a Competitive Imperative? Author: Phuong Thao Tran & Elina Vettersand Tutor: Anna Blombäck Date: 2012 -05-14 Subject terms: Strategic entrepreneurship, fair trade, competitive advantage. Abstract Background: The rise in ethical consumerism has become evident through an increase in sales of fair trade products in recent years. Consumers are prepared to pay a premium for fair trade chocolate, and with a steady future growth in the fair trade movement, this is an attractive market for new entrants. Of particular focus are the Swedish and German markets for fair trade chocolate as they show promising growth rates and interest in this field. Problem: The chocolate industry is very competitive, and the observation that con- sumers reward companies that act socially responsible presents an oppor- tunity for ethical companies to compete. This is attractive for entrepreneuri- al firms, but there exist numerous motivations why firms choose to engage in fair trade. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to understand the role of fair trade in corpo- rate strategy (either in partial or entire assortment), its relation to entrepre- neurial opportunity-seeking behaviour, and examining how the strategic re- source of Fairtrade certification is used to gain competitive advantage. Method: A qualitative interview study was applied, and ten chocolate companies ac- tive in the Swedish and German markets were included in the sample.