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Spring 2016 Ethnobotany for Spring Trees Sandra Walker

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Spring 2016 Ethnobotany for Spring Trees Sandra Walker Vol. 21, No. 1 /npss.sk www.npss.sk.ca @NPSS_SK Spring 2016 Ethnobotany for Spring Trees Sandra Walker If you’re out hiking this spring, keep The sap for birch spoils quickly so or “secondary” container or bucket) just your eyes open as you just might be keep your collecting bucket covered before bottling, to minimize sediment walking through nature’s pantry. The and protected from spring rain and introduction into the final product. Let following native trees are active in bugs. Collecting the sap in batches and bottled batch stand in a dark place at spring and are best if used during this filtering/processing as soon as feasible is room temperature for a few weeks or time. advised. Kept cool, the sap can be used longer. Cool before serving. as a drink. The sap can also be made If you’ve used wine yeast (especially Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera): into vinegar and even birch beer or champagne yeast) and a “bubbly” is Grows in lowlands, subalpine areas and wine. The sap may also be boiled down sought, treat the same as beer, using in bogs north to the tundra. or reduced into syrup. bottles that can withstand pressures of Uses: The sap in spring is used as carbonation (such as beer bottles). If a refreshment and can be boiled down like Birch Beer: mead-like wine is sought, rack the wine maple sap but does not thicken as much. At a ratio of every 18 litres of sap (~ from the primary into a secondary (with Young twigs, seeds and inner bark can 4 gallons) add 4.54 litres (1 gallon) of an air-lock) and let stand for a month or be boiled for tea. honey. Stir in honey and bring to a boil longer until clear (no bubbles) before Nomadic tribes used birch baskets for about 10 minutes. Watch the brew bottling as a wine. because they were lightweight and and stir/adjust temperature to maintain held water well. Birch bark biting also a slight boil. Then add a few litres (or Manitoba Maple (Acer negundo): developed as an art form. The bark is more to taste) of finely chopped young Prefers low areas, streams and good for starting fires, and the wood is birch twigs and let brew cool to room riverbanks. Used as a shelterbelt tree. hard and burns long. The wood can also temperature. Strain out the twigs while Uses: The sap is good for syrup. The be used for making furniture. Eastern pouring the brew into a “primary” hard wood is good for furniture and Birch trees were often used to make fermenting container (a clean bucket burning. Young branches were used for canoes. with a lid or a covered crock will do). making snowshoes and bows. Medically, the plant is being Add yeast (brewers or wine yeast can be researched to see if it can help with skin used – the latter turning out like mead) Trembling Aspen (Populus cancers. and let stand at room temperature away tremuloides): Often found in slight from sunlight and drafts until the brew depressions, moist coulees, sheltered River Birch (Betula occidentalis): starts to settle (usually about a week spots and in riparian areas; Trembling Grows on river banks and in moist soils to 10 days). If you’ve used brewers Aspen is the most common tree in North in sheltered areas. yeast, a carbonated “beer” beverage is America. It is also circumpolar. The Uses: The sap in spring is used as likely preferred and you should bottle tree reproduces through seed and roots. refreshment and can be boiled down the liquid at this time. Depending on The seed has a very short window for like maple sap, but does not thicken as your level of experience, you may want germination, and must do so soon after much. Young twigs, seeds and inner to move (or “rack” using a siphon/ dispersal or the seeds die. The trees bark can be boiled for tea. hose) the beer from the primary to make up for this weakness by producing another container (such as a “carboy” Continued on Page 2 Keeping Tabs Dodder Plant List of Cuscuta Planning For on Invasive Found on Field Species in Planting: Native 3 Species 4 Trip 6 Saskatchewan 7 Species Continued from Page 1 many seeds early in the spring when moisture conditions are usually good. The tree also reproduces by roots and NPSS Board of Directors suckering, and many bluffs consist of a single clone. President: Uses: The inner bark is sweet and was a relished treat Shelly Heidinger 306-634-9771 by many First Nations; high in vitamin C. Many people in Europe survived food scarcity during the World Wars by Vice-President: eating the inner bark. It can also be tapped and made into John Hauer 306-463-5507 syrup. The young buds can be made into tea. The young Treasurer: sticky buds are also used as an aromatic and are used in Cheri Sykes 306-924-8028 commercial perfumes, cough syrups used to treat whooping Secretary: cough, and as a part of a lineament for sore muscles. The Jacey Bell 306-380-1668 wood burns well when dry and does not snap or make much smoke. Horses love to eat young shoots and leaves. Directors: Trembling Aspen bark produces a sparse white powder Nadia Mori 306-946-3219 which can be used for sunscreen. Dale Gross 306-347-0447 Andrew Stewart 306-227-0640 References: Euell Gibbons; Stalking the Wild Asparagus, Wade Sumners 306-250-6659 Nancy Turner & Adam Szcawinski; Wild Editable series; and Joanne Marchand 306-960-9313 Janice Schofield; Discovering Wild Plants. Executive Director: Chet Neufeld 306-668-3940 Editor’s note: Sandra has recently written an enthnobotany book entitled “The Path to Wild Food” which will be in NPSS Address: bookstores soon. Native Plant Society of Saskatchewan P.O. Box 21099, Saskatoon, SK S7H 5N9 Phone: (306) 668-3940 Fax: (306) 668-3940 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.npss.sk.ca Correction Twitter: @NPSS_SK www.facebook.com/npss.sk In the “NPSS Pulls Together Another Successful AGM” Native Plant News is a quarterly publication of the Native Plant article in our winter 2015 issue of the Native Plant News Society of Saskatchewan (NPSS) and is one of the benefits of we stated that Jared Epp presented at our annual general membership. Members are invited to submit articles, news, views, meeting, when it should have stated Jared Clarke. Our photographs and comments. Views expressed by the authors are apologies for the mix up. not necessarily those of the NPSS. Deadlines: Submission Publication Winter Issue: November 1 December 15 Spring Issue: February 1 March 15 Brush Up on Botrychium! Summer Issue: May 1 June 15 Fall Issue: August 1 September 15 Join us on July 14-15, 2016 in Cypress Hills Provincial Park for an in-depth workshop on Moonworts (Botrychium). Membership Dues (Year End November 30) Lead by Dr. Donald Farrar, Professor Emeritus - Iowa State University and Dr. Cindy Johnson, Professor - Gustavus Individual $30 Non-profit organization $100 Adolphus College, this workshop is intended for keen Family $45 Corporate $200 botanists with plant identification skills. The workshop will Student $15 Life $500 consist of classroom and field components, and participants will be expected to provide their own transportation, meals Please contact the NPSS office for information about the and accommodations. Please plan accordingly for field lifetime membership installment payment option. conditions (sturdy shoes, hat, suncreen, water, etc.). Please be advised that there is a daily entry fee of $8 for the park (3 day, week or seasonal passes also available). Advertising In Native Plant News Registration is a steal at only $30 for the entire 2 day workshop! Rates: $50 for 1 issue, $175 for 4 issues Contact the NPSS for more details. To register, click on the following link and go to the “events” tab in our online store page, then click on 2016 Botrychium Ph: (306) 668-3940 E-mail: [email protected] Workshop. http://www.npss.sk.ca/?s=8 2 Keeping Tabs on Invasive Species: Upcoming Saskatchewan’s iMapInvasives The Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre administers a GIS-based invasive Events species mapping & data management tool, iMapInvasives, which provides a platform for open data exchange and communication among regional invasive species efforts. By providing a central data repository for invasive species Native Prairie Appreciation Week information, the SK CDC provides easily accessible, up-to-date information for (NPAW) land managers and citizen scientists. Data is entered into the database by registered June 12-18, 2016 users either through quality-controlled online submissions or through our newly http://www.pcap-sk.org/native- developed bulk data upload forms. iMapInvasives stores occurrence, treatment, and survey records for non-native prairie-appreciation-week/npaw- plants and animals. In addition to keeping tabs on where non-native species are registration and how they are being managed, the system also has the capability of storing absence data, where surveys have taken place, but no target species were detected. NPAW 2016 TOUR For example, iMapInvasives is being used in province-wide early detection survey efforts for invasive Zebra and Quagga mussels which have not yet been found in - “Blues, Bats & Blue Grama” Saskatchewan, but are established in neighboring jurisdictions. Survey details will June 16 & 17, 2016 (Native Prairie be entered into our central data repository by local organizations and viewable by Appreciation Week, June 12-18, all users. 2016) How will iMapInvasives support my work? Maple Creek, SK • Free access to a province-wide database where you can store and manage http://www.pcap-sk.org your data • Stay connected! Keep up-to-date on other invasive species initiatives in the Habitats & Hydrology Workshop province June 13-16, 2016 • Perform GIS spatial analyses and query data by species, location, organization, etc.
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