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Biostratigraphy of the Bluffport Marl Member of the Demopolis Chalk, Cretaceous of Alabama

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Biostratigraphy of the Bluffport Marl Member of the Demopolis Chalk, Cretaceous of Alabama BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE BLUFFPORT MARL MEMBER OF THE DEMOPOLIS CHALK, CRETACEOUS OF ALABAMA by HARRY ELLSWORTH NEWMAN III A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Geology and Geography in the Graduate School of the University of Alabama UNIVERSITY, ~BAMA ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES . iv TABLES V PLATES V ABSTRACT vi INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose and scope 1 Location. 2 Previous investigations 7 Acknowledgements 10 AREAL FEATURES 11 Physiography • 11 Structure 12 STRATIGRAPHY 14 Lithostratigraphy 14 Selma Group 14 Mooreville Chalk. 16 Demopolis Chalk 17 Ripley Formation. 19 Prairie Bluff Chalk 22 Biostratigraphy 23 LOCALITIES STUDIED 25 Procedures of investigations 25 Outcrop descriptions 26 BLUFFPORT FAUNA. 40 Synonymy and description. 40 RESULTS. 60 Lithology 6o Paleontology 61 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS (CON' T) Page CONCLUSIONS • • • 70 REFERENCES CITED 75 iv LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page 1 Index map to collecting localities and generalized outcrop pattern of the Bluffport Marl Member of the Demopolis Chalk ••.• 3 2 Location map of Sumter County exposures • 4 3 Location map of Dayton exposure •.••. 5 4 Location map of Pleasant Hill exposure 6 5 Correlation chart of the outcropping Selma Group in Alabama 15 6 Exposure of sandstone ledges in the Lower Ripley Formation, locality 2 .••. 30 7 Typical exposure of the Bluffport Marl Member, locality 4 . • • • . • • . • • . 30 8 Type locality of the Bluffport Marl Member, locality 7 33 9 Contact in gulley between the Bluffport Marl Member and the Demopolis Chalk at the type locality, locality 7 ....... 33 10 Exposure of the Bluffport Marl Member showing some faunal groups and slope development due to weathering, locality 9. • . 36 11 Exposure of massive, ~omogeneous Demopolis Chalk, locality 12 . 36 V TABLES TABLE Page 1 Relative abundance of species occurring at localities studied. 27 2 Morphologic parameters of species occurring at localities studied ••••••••••••• 62 PLATES PLATE Page 1-7 Cretaceous fauna of the Bluffport Marl Member of the Demopolis Chalk •••.•••.••••.. 79 vi ABSTRACT The Bluffport Marl Member of the Demopolis Chalk was sampled to find what lithologic and paleontologic variations occur along the strike of this unit. The Bluffport Marl Member has been traced in Alabama from Sumter County eastward into the western edge of Lowndes County, somewhat farther east than reported in earlier pub­ lications. Insolubles increase upward in the section and along strike towards the eastern extent of the Bluffport Member, implying an eastern source of elastics. The abundant invertebrate faunal assemblage of the Bluffport decreases upward in the section and to the east in direct relation to the increase in elastics. Although the Bluffport species vary in abundance at different localities, the total number of species found is nearly consistent from lo­ cation to location in the lower part of the section. Morpholog­ ically, there is very little difference in the western and eastern Bluffport fauna, although there is a significant decrease in size of these assemblages toward the upper part of the section. Based on faunal changes, this increase in elastics reflects environmental conditions that were below those optimum conditions that existed in the lower and more western Bluffport section and in which these reef assemblages thrived. INTRODUCTION Purpose and Scope The Bluffport Marl Member of the Demopolis Chalk is a unit of calcareous, sandy clay that rests conformably on the Demopolis Chalk. The Demopolis Chalk is a formation in the Upper Cretaceous Selma Group. European Stages that are equivalent to the Selma Group range in age from Lower Santonian to Upper Maastrichtian. This Bluffport unit, which extends from 45-65 feet in thickness, represents an environ­ mental change that may be interpreted by lithology and paleontology. This paper represents a biostratigraphic study of the Bluffport Member. Some of the objectives include: 1. Definition of contact relationships. 2. Quantitative lithologic changes along strike and dip. 3. Determination of abundance and description of Bluffport macrofossils (including photographic illustrations). 4. Determination of morphologic variation in selected species. 5. Determination of sediment-fossil relationships. 6. Environmental analysis,of the Bluffport Member. 2 The type locality of the Bluffport in Sumter County, Alabama, is used as reference for other sampled areas. This study hopefully will serve as a guide for further bio­ stratigraphic investigations in other parts of the Alabama section. Location The Bluffport crops out along a N.7o°w. strike in Sumter County. The strike of the member changes to nearly E.-W. to the southeast through :Marengo, Perry, Dallas and Lowndes Counties, Alabama. Most work was done in Sumter County, the location of the type locality, and elsewhere along strike where the Bluffport is well exposed. There are 13 localities at which the Bluffport was sampled lithologically or paleontologically. The nine localities where sediment-fossil relationships were studied are illustrated in Figure 1 and in more detail in Figures 2, 3 and 4. The other lo­ calities are illustrated only in Figure 1 as localities 2, 4, 11 and 13. These four points represent areas of Bluffport exposures, but due to limited fossil assemblages or poor exposures, are not as significant as the other locations. Of the first 9 localities only numbers 1 and 9 occur outside the Epes Quadrangle, Sumter County. The Epes Quadrangle was mapped by Monroe and Hunt (1958) and re­ presents the only detailed mapping of the Bluffport in Alabama. Sumter County provides the best exposures of the Bluffport in Alabama. 'fl\"..... 1 .,,.. 1/ IL sW.,. "I ._/ -.A.I ~,- )- - --I .S 5' --, - \\) ;. EUTAW□ (' • -- Kd•"'S j >"" • 2 MARION \ _.,,; GREENE '\k ' D ' 1 6 ,,,,. ' i:J I PERRY \ • D ~- HALE • -- SELMA JU-.. I / ~ N LIVINGSTON L . ----, I D \ ,,"-1._ {': __::,.. ~ • . Kdo J ~ _______SUMTER ;._ ~~ I >-v- ' + ,."' Kdu I □ UNDEN I HAYMEVIU.... E I K!S,jKdu-,l ~{,"L/ D .. Kr Kr ,-J ~ • q LI( I '~~ALL~S _ MARENGO ------I J I iL__ LOWNDES - __j 0 5 10 21) 30 MILES EXPLANATION ~o RIPLEY FORMATION ~{ Kr Kdu BLUFFPORT MARL MEMBER n.~ I-~ ::, ~ Kd DEMOPOLIS CHALK u e13 COLLECTING LOCALITIES FIGURE 1. INDEX MAP TO COLLECTING LOCALITIES GENERALIZED OUTCROP PATTERN Of THE BLUFFPORT MARL MEMBER OF THE DEMOPOLIS CHALK w 4 • LOCALITY 1 17 I N + 4 MILES FIGURE 2. LOCATION MAP OF SUMTER COUNTY EXPOSURES 5 +N Miles FIGURE 3. LOCATION OF DAYTON EXPOSURE 6 1 0 1 2 3 4 MILES A Fl E-----------3 FIGURE 4. LOCATION MAP OF PLEASANT HILL EXPOSURE 7 The exact location of each exposure shown in Figure 1 is given below: 1. sw½NE½ sec .20, T .21N., R.3W. 2. sw¾ sec. 7, T .20N., R.2W. 3. NE¾NW¾ sec.34, T .20N., R.2W. 4. NW½NW·½ sec.35, T .20N., R.2W. 5. SW¼3E½ sec.31, T .20N., R.lW. 6. NE.1.NE.1.4 4 sec.7, T.19N., R.lW. 7. sw.1.™.1.4 4 sec.27, T.19N., R.lW. 8. NW.l.sE.l.4 4 sec.31, T .19N., R.lE. 9. SWlNE.1.4 4 sec .16, T .18N., R.lE. 10. SE.1.NWl4 4 sec. 9, T.16N., R.4E. 11. SElNW.1.4 4 sec.10, T .15N., R.6E. 12. NW½SE½ sec .13, T.14N., R.llE. 13. SW½NE½ sec.5, T .13N., R.12E. Previous Investigations Many informative studies have been made on these Upper Cretaceous units and their fossils. Listed below are some that were found most useful. Morton (1829) made the first reference to Cretaceous deposits in Alabama while in 1833 Withers described the Black Prairie Belt and mentioned the later named Arcola Limestone Member of the Mooreville Chalk. In 1834 McGuire stated that the ocean once covered the prai­ ries of Alabama. He gave an interesting discussion of the prairie extent along with some fossil discoveries. Morton's 1834 Synopsis of the organic remains of the Cretaceous Group of the United States is one of the first elaborate studies of Cretaceous fauna. Hilgard (1871) 8 presented a map on the Cretaceous deposits of the Gulf of Mexico. Smith, Langdon and Johnson (1894) published the Report~ the geology of the Coastal Plain of Alabama. In this report the "Rotten Limestone" was given the co-name Selma Chalk. This is still an excellent report for outcrop references in Alabama. Weller (1907) discussed the stratig­ raphy of the New Jersey Cretaceous material. He also described and illustrated many Cretaceous species. Stephenson (1914) correlated and defined the Cretaceous deposits of the eastern Gulf region. The Exogyra ponderosa, !· costata and E. cancellata zones were discussed as to their importance. He also described invertebrate fossils from the Upper Cretaceous deposits of North Carolina (1923), as well as those in the Cretaceous rocks of Alabama (1926). A geologic map of Alabama is included in Stephenson's 1926 report. Stephenson (1928) suggested some Alabama Cretaceous correlations with European deposits and traced Exogyra cancellata for 2500 miles along the Atlantic and Gulf coast (1933). In 1936 he described some new forms of 0streidae from the Gulf region. The fauna of the Ripley Formation of Coon Creek, Tennessee, was described and illustrated by Wade in 1926. Stephenson and Monroe (1938) proposed a reclassification of the Upper Cretaceous deposits of Alabama. The lower part of the Selma was shown to merge and intertongue eastward into the Blufftown For­ mation, the middle part of the Cusseta Sand and the upper part of the Ripley Formation. The Prairie Bluff Chalk was shown to merge gradually eastward into the Providence Sand. In this report the Arcola Limestone Member of the Moorevjlle Chalk was named and des­ cribed. In 1940 they discussed the Upper Cretaceous deposits of 9 Mississippi.
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