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A3393-C2-14-Jpeg.Pdf SISULU: Man M BEKI: No 'married to need to take up off liis politics tlie nation’ any banner DENNIS GOLDBERG, 33, sacrificed a WALTER SISULU’s friends say the early GOVAN MBEKI listened attentively to brilliant professional career for politics. inspiration in politics for 53-year-old Si- the address given by the African minis­ He matriculated at 16, was a B.Sc. (Civil sulu came from the Bible. And it’s true ter, who was an early member of the ANC. Engineering) at 30 and married two days that he was a regular church-goer in his Mbeki was a teenager and the time was before he turned 31. Christian home in the Engcobo district of the twenties when the pass system and After showing little interest in poli­ the Transkei. And he would listen care­ the Africans’ hunger problems were re­ tics at the University of Cape Town he fully at the mission school to the stories garded as misfortunes to be borne with plunged into the struggle. For him it of Moses and Aaron, and Joseph and quiet fortitude# But Mbeki, the son of a started with a society interested in the David. religious family in the Nqamakwe dis­ effects of the colour bar on youth; it After two spells of work in the Reef trict of the Transkei, was impressed by ended with detention during the 1960 mines, Sisulu had enough to buy a horse the minister’s demands for rights for Emergency and arrest at Rivonia. He and and some suits and there was little to sug­ Africans# his bride spent their honeymoon doing gest the political future ahead of him. Mbeki had no real need to take up youth work. Later he became absorbed in But that was before he met Clements any political banner# His parents were the COP campaign in Luyela township, Kadalie, leader of the S.C.U.A., in East wealthy enough, with a good farmhouse, Simonstown — which cost him his job as London. Pass raids were frequent at the and reasonable flocks of sheep, goats a technical assistant in the SAR. He was time and Sisulu used to see people sleep­ and horses# The future looked secure# sacked. ing out in the veld to avoid arrest. But a successful farmer’s life was not After working as an engineer for the Sisulu craved for education as an es­ for him# Cape Town Municipality he practised as cape and he moved to Johannesburg in the After graduating with a B.A. in 1936, a consulting engineer and then joined a thirties where he attended the Bantu Men’s Mbeki became a teacher# Soon he was Cape Town construction firm. In 1960 he Social Centre. Still there was no hint of doing political journalism# Some of his was made resident engineer on a R400,000 politics. He was active in cultural socie­ essays were published in 1939 in book highway contract, but in the same year ties, church choirs and musical associa­ form entitled ’The Transkei in the came the Emergency and detention. tions, and juvenile delinquency among Making#’ He was always investigating Despite his professional success African youths. conditions among Africans and exploring Goldberg had continued to be active in But at the bakery where he worked, means of bettering their lot# politics as a member and later an exe­ Sisulu met a co-worker who had a smat­ While doing top-level organisational cutive member of the Congress of Demo­ tering of trade unionism and they organi­ work for^the ANC he, he was a member crats. sed an abortive strike for more wages. of the joint Committees of the Congress He also served on the Joint Congress After the inevitable sack> Sisulu started Alliance which organised the Congress consultative committee. His wife worked in the newspaper industry. His ventures of the People# And he still found time to with him in COD and the Women’s Fede­ included a news agency, a printing press run a shop and keep up his journalism to ration. % company and a weekly paper. support his wife and four children# 9 In spite of all this personal advance­ ment, Sisulu was still preoccupied with the future of his people. He joined the ANC in 1940 and in nine years was Se- cretaiy General under the Presidency of first Dr Moroka, and then Chief Lutuli# He and Mandela have always worked closely together in the ANC. When Sisulu married in 1944, Mandela was the best man. And Sisulu’s old friend, A.M.Lembeda, a lawyer who founded the ANC Youth League, warned the bride in a speech: ‘You are marrying a man who is already married to the nation.’ % -% THE RIVONM MANDELA: A life KATHRADA: His of arrests, bans first taste of Soldier, editor, and jailings prison at 16 Nazi - hater NELSON MANDELA, Transvaal Presi- A.M. KATHRADA was groomed for peace* LIONEL BERNSTEIN has no political dent and Deputy National President of ful politics almost from the day he was background. His parents were middle- the banned ANC, was bom in Umtata 46 bom 34 years ago in Schweizer Reneke. class. He may have become interested years ago, the sen of a prominent chief. His family were all scholars. One uncle in social problems first when he was at In his early life he was fascinated with was a leading Muslim theologian and school. For the teachers there at the his people’s history and culture. After Mufti of Burma. time belonged to the generation of Bri­ matriculating he went to Fort Hare where Kathrada went to school in Johannes­ tish university graduates who were vio­ he.jy.as.. drawn Jutfq burg and began to take an interest in lently anti-fascist. In any event in the When Mandela was told that a marriage politics immediately.. He was a founder thirties Bernstein was actively support­ had been arranged for him at home, he member of the Transvaal Indian Youth ing Republican Spain by working for the fled to Johannesburg in 1941* There he Congress and left school at 16 to do full­ South African anti-Fascist League which met Walter Sisulu, who introduced him to time * political work for the Transvaal was alarmed by the rise of Nazi-inspired to a legal firm to which Mandela became Passive Resistance Council. It was in hooliganism in South Africa. After a articled. His white employer helped that year — 1946 — that Kathrada had spell as secretary of the Labour Party Iffandela to become an attorney. Mandela his first taste of prison. He served one League of Youth, he joined the Commu­ believed that Africans in South Africa month in Durban for passive resistance. nist Party in 1939. He was then 19. were one people as far as their interests But this did not deter him. Kathrada kept He was soon in charge of propaganda and destiny were concerned. And in 1944 up his work and in 1952 was one of the in the party*s Johannesburg office. He he joined the African National Congress. organisers of the Defiance Campaign. qualified from the University of the Wit- With Oliver Tambo and others, he founded His sentence: Nine months suspended. watersrand as an architect in 1941. Af­ the ANC bo vigorous Youth League. Tam Kathrada has held official positions ter marrying Hilda Watts, he was elected and Mandela eventually went into legal in many South African organisations in­ secretary of the district committee of the practice as partners in their own firm. cluding the Indian Youth Congress, the Communist Party. A year later he joined In 1952, Mandela became Transvaal Peace Council, the Youth Festival Com­ up and served as a gunner with the 6th President of the ANC under Chief mittee, the Indian Congress. Field Regiment of the South African Ar­ Lutuli, a man he much admired. Since He helped to establish the Central tillery in Italy until the end of the war. then his life has been a succession of Indian High School in 1955 and became Bernstein was elected to the national arrests, bans and terms in jail. secretary of its parents association. But executive of the Springbok Legion — the He was held as an organiser of the he found his work becoming more and ex-soldiers* organisation — in 1948 and Defiance Campaign, he was called upon more difficult to carry out. later became editor of its journal * Fight­ to resign from Congress, he was confined He was one of the Treason Trialists to Johannesburg, prohibited from gather* ing Talk* which he continued to produce and has been listed as a Communist. He as an independent journal after the Le­ ings and, in effect, silenced. In 1961 he had another spell in jail during the State went underground. Early in 1962 Mandela gion closed down about 1953. Emergency and was placed under house Bernstein, once described by a friend left the country and toured Africa before arrest in 1962. # visiting England where he met the late as *an all-round square*, helped to found Hugh Gaitskell, then leader of the Labour the South African Congress of Democrats Party, and Jo Grimond, Liberal Party and was a member of its national exe­ leader. cutive. He faced his first big trial in On his return to South Africa he was 1946. It was the African Mine Strike jailed for five years for leaving the case. Bernstein together with the whole country without a passport and inciting district committee of the Communist Party people to strike. He is the No 1 accused and some 40 others were charged with in the Rivonia trail.
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