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RURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH FUNCTIONAL REGIONS: Northern

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RURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH FUNCTIONAL REGIONS: Northern ADDRESSING RURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH FUNCTIONAL REGIONS Districts of Xhariep (Free State), Joe Gqabi, Alfred Nzo, O.R. Tambo, Chris Hani and Amathole (Eastern Cape), and Sisonke and Ugu (KwaZulu-Natal) October 2013 Prepared For: Department of Rural Development and Land Reform Rural Infrastructure Development Clinton Heimann [email protected] Prepared By: CSIR, Built Environment Elsona van Huyssteen Johan Maritz Table of Contents 1 Purpose and Structure of the Report ........................................................................................................................................................ B1 2 Orientation and key facts based on functional regional analyses ............................................................................................................. B3 3 Where are places in the Priority Rural Districts that are under huge developmental pressure due to large numbers of population, a growing population? .............................................................................................................................. B10 3.1 Population size and density ................................................................................................................................................................................... B11 3.2 Population growth or decline ................................................................................................................................................................................. B13 3.3 Migration impacts on the area ............................................................................................................................................................................... B22 3.4 Surrounding area and/or settlement under pressure of settlement growth or change .......................................................................................... B22 4 Where are the places in the Priority Rural Districts that are under huge pressure due to high levels of service backlogs and social vulnerability (including low income, high dependency and low employment ratios)? .............................................. B26 4.1 Household income and unemployment ................................................................................................................................................................. B27 4.2 Social Vulnerability ................................................................................................................................................................................................ B29 4.3 Number of service backlogs .................................................................................................................................................................................. B32 4.4 Implications of the places that are under huge pressure due to high levels of service backlogs and social vulnerability .................................... B47 5 Where are the economic development strengths, sectors and areas in the priority rural districts? ......................................................... B48 5.1 High levels of economic activity or growth ............................................................................................................................................................ B49 5.2 Areas with high levels of economic and government services – range of sectors ................................................................................................ B52 5.3 Implications for the economic development strengths, sectors and areas in the priority rural districts ................................................................ B68 6 Where are the areas that should be prioritised for consolidation and protection of prime rural production areas/zones ......................... B69 6.1 Implications for the prioritisation for consolidation and protection of prime rural production areas/zones............................................................ B84 7 Within high density rural areas or outstretched regions, which anchor-points can play a key role as government service nodes, and market concentration areas for government and economic services, both at local level and regional level? ................................... B85 7.1 Identification of Regional Centres of Excellence ................................................................................................................................................... B85 Bi 7.2 Identification of Potential Rural Nodes .................................................................................................................................................................. B93 7.3 Accessibility to services and markets .................................................................................................................................................................... B96 7.4 Implications for high density rural areas and anchor-points ................................................................................................................................ B100 8 Summary of Key Interventions ............................................................................................................................................................. B101 List of Tables Table 2.1: A snapshot of development indicators in the eight districts ........................................................................................................... B7 Table 5.1: Comparative economic activity per local municipality .................................................................................................................. B54 Table 7.1: CLUSTER 4: Summary of population in Regional Service Centres and Towns ........................................................................... B89 Table 8.1: Summary of investment priorities .............................................................................................................................................. B101 Table 8.2: Basic Services – Summary of investment priorities ................................................................................................................... B102 Table 8.3: Rural Production Zones – Summary of investment priorities ..................................................................................................... B104 Table 8.4: Key Service Nodes – Summary of investment priorities ............................................................................................................ B106 Table 8.5: Rural regional centres of excellence – Summary of investment priorities .................................................................................. B108 List of Figures Figure 1.1: Priority districts – Group 4 ............................................................................................................................................................. B1 Figure 2.1: Orientation map showing key towns and natural area – Group 4 .................................................................................................. B4 Figure 2.2: Functional settlement areas and service regions ........................................................................................................................... B5 Figure 3.1: Regional overview of population and low income earning households distribution ...................................................................... B12 Figure 3.2: Population growth and decline (2001-2009) ................................................................................................................................ B13 Figure 3.3: Population growth depicted in functional settlement areas and service regions 1996-2011 ......................................................... B14 Figure 3.4: MODIS Settlement change detection (2001-2005) ...................................................................................................................... B16 Bii Figure 3.5: MODIS Settlement change detection (2006-2012) ...................................................................................................................... B17 Figure 3.6: Settlement related MODIS change detection (2001-2012) .......................................................................................................... B19 Figure 3.7: Settlement related change (picked up by MODIS Change detection 2001-2012) in relation to the traditional authority areas (yellow on map) ................................................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 3.8: Settlement related population change in relation to the traditional authority areas (population growth and decline mapped per mesozone (50 km2) .................................................................................................................................... B21 Figure 3.9: Migration trends focussing on the 23 districts .............................................................................................................................. B23 Figure 3.10: Areas under pressure due to a combination of high densities, growth and in-migration of population ......................................... B24 Figure 4.1: Household Income Groups ......................................................................................................................................................... B27 Figure 4.2: Comparative overview of
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