DOCSLIB.ORG

<I>Octopus Cyanea</I> Gray, 1849 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in Australian Waters: Description, Distribution and Taxonom

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
<I>Octopus Cyanea</I> Gray, 1849 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in Australian Waters: Description, Distribution and Taxonom BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 49(1-2): 2a-38, 1991 OCTOPUS CYANEA GRAY, 1849 (MOLLUSCA: CEPHALOPODA) IN AUSTRALIAN WATERS: DESCRIPTION, DISTRIBUTION AND TAXONOMY Mark D. Norman ABSTRACT Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849 is widely distributed throughout tropical waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, O. cyanea was originally described from an unspecified locality in Aus- tralian waters as "Coast of New Holland." This paper provides detailed description and diagnostic characters for this species based on Australian specimens, original data on Aus- tralian and wider distributions, and an updated synonymy. The extant syntype "a" (BMNH 1928.2.4.1) is designated as lectotype. O. cyanea occurs in association with coral reefs in northern Australian tropical waters from the southern end of the Great Barrier Reef, north to Torres Strait and west to North West Cape, Western Australia. The misuse of the name Octopus cyanea (and cyaneus) for a species from temperate Australian waters is also resolved. Octopus cyanea is a large, diurnally active octopus found in association with coral reefs throughout the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean and much of the Pacific Ocean. Gray described this species in 1849 from two preserved specimens in the British Museum of Natural History collection. The type locality was given as "Coast of New Holland" and the distribution of this species as "Australian Seas." The inadequate original description and imprecise type locality provided by Gray may have led to O. cyanea being designated dubious if not for the well preserved syntype (specimen "a": BMNH 1928.2.4.1) housed in the British Mu- seum of Natural History. This specimen is extant, in excellent condition and exhibits the distinctive diagnostic features of this species. The location of the second syntype is unknown. To avoid potential future confusion, the extant syn- type (BMNH 1928.2.4.1) is hereby designated as lectotype for this species. Octopus cyanea has been described and treated under a number of species names from throughout its range. Major works include those of Robson (1929: As Octopus cyanea), Sasaki (1929: As Polypus marmoratus), Adam (1954: As O. cyaneus) and Taki (1964: As Callistoctopus magnocellatus). In addition, the name cyanea has been regularly and inappropriately assigned to a distinct temperate water species of Australia's east coast. This paper aims to resolve some of the confusion surrounding the identity, synonymy and distribution of O. cyanea in Australian waters by providing the first detailed description and distributional information for this species from Australian waters. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, field collection and observations were undertaken on coral islands, reefs and continental islands within the boundaries of the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland. Twenty-nine O. cyanea were encountered in the field and where possible photographed and collected for preservation and detailed examination. Specimens were fixed and preserved according to the techniques of Roper and Sweeney (1983) and are now housed in the Museum of Victoria (NMV). Additional preserved specimens were examined from the collections of Australian Museum, Sydney (AMS), Queensland Museum, Brisbane (QMB) and Western Australian Museum (WAM). Material examined is presented in Table 1. In June 1990, a brief visit to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. enabled examination of over 100 specimens of O. cyanea from throughout the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The localities for these specimens are provided in Figure 1b. In the description and tables, measurements and indices follow Roper and Voss (1983: 56), see 20 NORMAN: OCTOPUS CYANEA FROM AUSTRALIAN WATERS 21 Table 2 for key to symbols. The following additional indices and symbols are also employed: Maximum Arm Width Index (MA WI): arm width at widest point on stoutest arm, as % of ML; Sucker Diameter Index (SDI): diameter oflargest sucker (no distinction between enlarged and normal); Ocellus Diameter Index (OcDI): diameter of ocellus (inner dark spot for O. cyanea) as percentage of ML; Stage of Maturity (StM): Immature (1m: sex indeterminate), Submature (S: reproductive organs distinct but poorly developed) and Mature (M: developed spermatophores or eggs distinct); Hectocotylized Arm Sucker Count (RASC): number of suckers on hectocotylized arm (Toll, 1988). Funnel Organ Limb Index (OrLI): length of outer limb offunnel organ as percentage of median limb length; Pallial Aperture Arc Index (PAAI): length of straightened arc of pallial aperture as percentage of circumference of body at level of aperture. Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849 Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849, Catalogue of the Mollusca in the collection of the British Museum, Part I: Cephalopoda Antepedia, London: 15. Lectotype: BMNH 1928.2.4.1: 112 mm ML male. Type locality: "Coast of New Holland." Tryon, 1879: 124; Cox, 1882: 788; Hoyle, 1886a: 221; Robson, 1929: 94, textfigs. 21-23; Adam, 1937: 74, fig. 28; Boone, 1938: 354, pI. 149; Rees, 1950: 99; Rees and Stuckey, 1954: 190; Van Heukelem, 1966; 1970: 48; 1973: 299; 1976: 1; 1979: 123; 1983: 267; Maginnis and Wells, 1969: 607; Yarnall, 1969: 747; Wells and Wells, 1970: 65,2 figs.; 1972a: 71; 1972b: 293; Boucher-Rodoni, 1973: 237; Houck, 1982: 152, fig. I; Okutani et aI., 1987: 159 figs. 6Ia-b; Roper and Hochberg, 1987: 18; 1988: 157, figs. 2-6, 31. Polypus cyanea: as Hoyle, 1909: 259 (see discussion of "Common Sydney Octopus.") Octopus cyaneus: as Adam, 1938 (in part): 5, fig. 2; 1939: 79; 1942; 15; 1946: 6, fig. 3; 1954: 171; 1955: 191; 1959: 172; 1960: 17; 1973: 38; Pickford, 1955:' 91; Roper, 1983: 19; Roper, Sweeney and Nauen, 1984: 196, textfigs. Callistoctopus cyanea: as Taki and Igarashi, 1967: 22; Taki, 1981: 253. Octopus tonganus Hoyle, (in part) 1885a, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 15: 225. Syntypes: BMNH; three types of which third specimen (90.12.28.83) is a small female O. cyanea. Type locality: Tongatabu, Tonga Islands. Hoyle, (in part) 1885b: 100; Robson, (in part) 1929: 77; Adam, 1954 (in part): 172. Octopus marmoratus Hoyle, 1885a, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. XV: 227. Type: BMNH 1889.4.24.25-26: one male, one female (originally described from I male, 2 females: one female lost 7). Type locality: Honolulu, "Sandwich Islands" (=Hawaii). Hoyle, 1885b: 102; 1886a: 217; 1886b: 85, pI. VI; Ortmann, 1891: 671. Polypus marmoratus: as Brock, 1887: 610; Hoyle, 1905: 978; 1909: 260; Berry, 1909: 418; 1912: 291, pI. XLV, pI. XLVIII, fig. 6, textfig. 13; Wiilker, 1913: 457; Sasaki, 1929: 47, pI. I, fig. 10; pI. V, fig. 4; pI. IX, figs, 19-24; textfig. 17. Octopus vulgaris (non Lamarck, 1798) Goodrich, 1896: 19. Octopus horsti Joubin, 1898, Notes Leyden Mus. vol. xx: 23. Type: Musee royal de Leyde: one 7 sex. Type locality: Djeddah, Red Sea. Hoyle, 1907: 451, pI. xx, figs. 1-3, 12, textfig. 128; 1909: 259. Polypus horsti: as Weindl, 1912: 270; Wiilker, 1920: 51. Polypus herdmani Hoyle, 1904, Ceylon Pearl Oyster Fisheries, Supplementary Reports, No. XIV, "Cephalopoda": 187, pI. 1. Type: location of type specimen unknown: 95 mm ML female. Type locality: Galle, Ceylon (=Sri Lanka). Hoyle, 1907: 454; 1909: 259; Massy, 1916: 206. Octopus herdmani: as Winckworth, 1926: 326; Robson, 1929: 86. Polypus glaber "Riippell MS," (see Wiilker, 1920: 51). Original manuscript not found. Polypusfontanianus (non d'Orbigny, 1835) Robson, 1921: 437, pI. 66, fig. 5a-e. Octopus (Octopus) cyanea var. gracilis Robson, 1929, A monograph of the recent Cephalopoda. Part I: Octopodinae. Richard Clay and Sons, Suffolk: 98. Type: BMNH 1897.9.28.1 (not 1907.9.28.1 as provided by Robson: see Pickford, 1955:' 92). One female: "maximum size 31O±mm". Type locality: Madras. Callistoctopus magnocellatus Taki, 1964, J. Faculty Fish. Anim. Husb., Hiroshima University, vol. 5 (2): 298, pI. 4, figs. 1-2, textfigs. 42-46. Types: Holotype: 147 mm ML male; paratypes: 120, 125,140 mm ML males, location of type specimens unknown. Type locality: Iyeno-kushi, Uchi- umi Village, Minami-Uwa County, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Octopus bimaculatus (non Verrill, 1883) Dong, 1987: 165, fig. 109. I Pickford, G. E. A revision orthe Indo-Malayan Octopodinae based on the Collections ofthe British Museum, Bingham Oceanographic Laboratory, Yale University. Unpublished manuscript. 22 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 49, NO. 1-2, \99\ Table 1. Material examined: Octopus cyanea Sex ML(mm) Source Reg. No. Location (date, depth) 15 19.2 AMS CI56385 Osterland Reef, Qld., 15°33'S, 145°32'E (30/VII 1988 intertidal) 15, I <;> 21.6,27.4 WAM 2329.84 Scott Reef, Western Australia, -14000'S, -121°55'E (7/1X!1984, 8-18 m) I 'i' 22.4 WAM 2944-84 Seringapatam Reef, Western Australia, -13°40'S, -122005'E (12/1X!1984) 1<;> 27.8 AMS CI62595 Michaelmas Cay, offCims, Qld., -16°35'S, -146000'E (8/VII/ 1975, intertidal) 1<;> 30.2 AMS C36582 Murray Is., Torres Strait, Qld., -lOolO'S, -142°15'E (1907) 15 32.7 NMV F57907 One Tree Is., Capricorn Bunker Group, Qld., 23°30'S, I 52005'E (16/X/1989, 1 m) 15 33.4 WAM 290-88 Point Cloates, Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, 22°42'S, 113°39'E (29/VIII 1968) I'i' 37.0 AMS CI62596 Escape Reef, Qld., 15°47'S, 145°47'E (6/XII 1981) 15 43.9 AMS CI62597 Murray Is., Torres Strait, Qld., -lOolO'S, -142°I5'E (1907) 15 49.8 NMV F57906 Crystal Cove, Lizard Is., Qld., 14°38'S, 145°24'E (22/XI/1989, 1.2 m) 25 66.8,93.1 AMS C36591 Murray Is., Torres Strait, Qld., -lOolO'S, -142°15'E (1907) 1<;> 71.1 QMB Green Is., off Cairns, Qld., 16°45'S, 145°58'E (no collection date or depth) 1 <;> 73.9 AMS CI62598 Mellish Reef, Coral Sea, 17°25'S, 155°50'E
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Treatment of Lion´S Mane Jellyfish Stings- Hot Water Immersion Versus Topical Corticosteroids
    THE SAHLGRENSKA ACADEMY Treatment of Lion´s Mane jellyfish stings- hot water immersion versus topical corticosteroids Degree Project in Medicine Anna Nordesjö Programme in Medicine Gothenburg, Sweden 2016 Supervisor: Kai Knudsen Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine 1 CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Background ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Jellyfish ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Anatomy .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Nematocysts .................................................................................................................................... 4 Jellyfish in Scandinavian waters ......................................................................................................... 5 Lion’s Mane jellyfish, Cyanea capillata .......................................................................................... 5 Moon jelly, Aurelia aurita ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Identification of Octopodidae Species in Southern California Seafood Markets: Species Diversity and Resource Implications
    Genetic Identification of Octopodidae Species in Southern California Seafood Markets: Species Diversity and Resource Implications Chase Martin Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego Abstract Various species of Octopodidae are commonly found in seafood markets throughout Southern California. Most of the octopus available for purchase is imported, with the majority of imports coming from various Asian nations. Despite the diversity of global octopus species, products are most commonly labeled as simply “octopus,” with some distinctions being made in size, e.g., “baby” or “little octopus.” In efforts to characterize species diversity, this study genetically tested 59 octopus samples from a variety of seafood markets in Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego Counties. Universal 16S rRNA primers (ref) and CO1 primers developed by Folmer et al. (1994) were used for PCR amplification and sequencing of mtDNA. In all, 105 sequences were acquired. Seven species were identified with some confidence. Amphioctopus aegina was the most prevalent species, while two additional species were undetermined. Little available data exists pertaining to octopus fisheries of the countries of production of the samples. Most available information on octopus fisheries pertains to those of Mediterranean and North African nations, and identifies the Octopus vulgaris as the fished species. Characterizing octopus diversity in Southern California seafood markets and assessing labeling and countries of production provides the necessary first step for assessing the possible management implications of these fisheries and seafood supply chain logistics for this group of cephalopods. Introduction Octopuses are exclusively marine cephalopod mollusks that form the order Octopoda.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Abundance and Catch Selectivity of Octopus Cyanea by the Artisanal fishery in Lakshadweep Islands, India
    Aquat. Living Resour. 2018, 31, 10 Aquatic © EDP Sciences 2018 https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2017050 Living Resources Available online at: www.alr-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE Assessing abundance and catch selectivity of Octopus cyanea by the artisanal fishery in Lakshadweep islands, India Aditi Nair1,*, Sutirtha Dutta2, Deepak Apte3 and Balasaheb Kulkarni1 1 Department of Zoology, The Institute of Science, 15 Madame Cama Road, Mumbai 400032, Maharashtra, India 2 Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India 3 Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai, India Received 5 August 2016 / Accepted 18 December 2017 Handling Editor: Flavia Lucena Fredou Abstract – Subsistence fishery for cephalopods contributes significantly to the local economy of several Asian, African and island states. In addition to being unregulated and undocumented, recent studies indicate that low-scale fisheries can have detrimental effects on marine ecosystems. In the Lakshadweep islands, men, women and children have been involved in spear fishing for octopus for a long time, but there is a paucity of information on the biology and fishery of the octopus species in Indian waters. In this study, we estimated the population abundance, morphometry and sex ratio of Octopus cyanea. Moreover, we examined whether the current octopus spear fishing activity displayed size or sex selectivity, given that larger individuals are easier to spot and brooding females spend more time in crevices. O. cyanea surveys were conducted by snorkeling in the lagoons of Kavaratti and Agatti islands between November 2008 and April 2012. The estimated mean density of O. cyanea was 3 and 2.5 individuals per hectare in Agatti and Kavaratti, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Birds of the East Texas Baptist University Campus with Birds Observed Off-Campus During BIOL3400 Field Course
    Birds of the East Texas Baptist University Campus with birds observed off-campus during BIOL3400 Field course Photo Credit: Talton Cooper Species Descriptions and Photos by students of BIOL3400 Edited by Troy A. Ladine Photo Credit: Kenneth Anding Links to Tables, Figures, and Species accounts for birds observed during May-term course or winter bird counts. Figure 1. Location of Environmental Studies Area Table. 1. Number of species and number of days observing birds during the field course from 2005 to 2016 and annual statistics. Table 2. Compilation of species observed during May 2005 - 2016 on campus and off-campus. Table 3. Number of days, by year, species have been observed on the campus of ETBU. Table 4. Number of days, by year, species have been observed during the off-campus trips. Table 5. Number of days, by year, species have been observed during a winter count of birds on the Environmental Studies Area of ETBU. Table 6. Species observed from 1 September to 1 October 2009 on the Environmental Studies Area of ETBU. Alphabetical Listing of Birds with authors of accounts and photographers . A Acadian Flycatcher B Anhinga B Belted Kingfisher Alder Flycatcher Bald Eagle Travis W. Sammons American Bittern Shane Kelehan Bewick's Wren Lynlea Hansen Rusty Collier Black Phoebe American Coot Leslie Fletcher Black-throated Blue Warbler Jordan Bartlett Jovana Nieto Jacob Stone American Crow Baltimore Oriole Black Vulture Zane Gruznina Pete Fitzsimmons Jeremy Alexander Darius Roberts George Plumlee Blair Brown Rachel Hastie Janae Wineland Brent Lewis American Goldfinch Barn Swallow Keely Schlabs Kathleen Santanello Katy Gifford Black-and-white Warbler Matthew Armendarez Jordan Brewer Sheridan A.
    [Show full text]
  • Scyphomedusae of the North Atlantic (2)
    FICHES D’IDENTIFICATION DU ZOOPLANCTON Edittes par J. H. F-RASER Marine Laboratory, P.O. Box 101, Victoria Road Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland FICHE NO. 158 SCYPHOMEDUSAE OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC (2) Families : Pelagiidae Cyaneidae Ulmaridae Rhizostomatidae by F. S. Russell Marine Biological Association The Laboratory, Citadel Hill Plymouth, Devon PL1 2 PB, England (This publication may be referred to in the following form: Russell, F. S. 1978. Scyphomedusae of the North Atlantic (2) Fich. Ident. Zooplancton 158: 4 pp.) https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.5144 Conseil International pour 1’Exploration de la Mer Charlottenlund Slot, DK-2920 Charlottenlund Danemark MA1 1978 2 1 2 3' 4 6 5 Figures 1-6: 1. Pelagia noctiluca; 2. Chtysaora hysoscella; 3. Cyanea capillata; 3'. circular muscle; 4. Cyanea lamarckii - circular muscle; 5. Aurelia aurita; 6. Rhizostoma octopus. 3 Order S E M AE 0 ST0 M E AE Gastrovascular sinus divided by radial septa into separate rhopalar and tentacular pouches; without ring-canal. Family Pelagiidae Rhopalar and tentacular pouches simple and unbranched. Genus Pelagia PCron & Lesueur Pelagiidae with eight marginal tentacles alternating with eight marginal sense organs. 1. Pelugiu nocfilucu (ForskB1). Exumbrella with medium-sized warts of various shapes; marginal tentacles with longitudinal muscle furrows embedded in mesogloea; up to 100 mm in diameter. Genus Chrysaora Ptron & Lesueur Pelagiidae with groups of three or more marginal tentacles alternating with eight marginal sense organs. 2. Chrysuoru hysoscellu (L.). Exumbrella typically with 16 V-shaped radial brown markings with varying degrees of pigmentation between them; with dark brown apical circle or spot; with brown marginal lappets; 24 marginal tentacles in groups of three alternating with eight marginal sense organs.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomad Jellyfish Rhopilema Nomadica Venom Induces Apoptotic Cell
    molecules Article Nomad Jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica Venom Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells Mohamed M. Tawfik 1,* , Nourhan Eissa 1 , Fayez Althobaiti 2, Eman Fayad 2,* and Ali H. Abu Almaaty 1 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt; [email protected] (N.E.); [email protected] (A.H.A.A.) 2 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] * Correspondence: tawfi[email protected] (M.M.T.); [email protected] (E.F.) Abstract: Jellyfish venom is a rich source of bioactive proteins and peptides with various biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor effects. However, the anti-proliferative activity of the crude extract of Rhopilema nomadica jellyfish venom has not been examined yet. The present study aimed at the investigation of the in vitro effect of R. nomadica venom on liver cancer cells (HepG2), breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231), human normal fibroblast (HFB4), and human normal lung cells (WI-38) proliferation by using MTT assay. The apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells was investigated using Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining-based flow cytometry analysis, western blot analysis, and DNA fragmentation assays. R. nomadica venom displayed significant Citation: Tawfik, M.M.; Eissa, N.; dose-dependent cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells after 48 h of treatment with IC50 value of 50 µg/mL Althobaiti, F.; Fayad, E.; Abu Almaaty, and higher toxicity (3:5-fold change) against MDA-MB231, HFB4, and WI-38 cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Octopus Consciousness: the Role of Perceptual Richness
    Review Octopus Consciousness: The Role of Perceptual Richness Jennifer Mather Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; [email protected] Abstract: It is always difficult to even advance possible dimensions of consciousness, but Birch et al., 2020 have suggested four possible dimensions and this review discusses the first, perceptual richness, with relation to octopuses. They advance acuity, bandwidth, and categorization power as possible components. It is first necessary to realize that sensory richness does not automatically lead to perceptual richness and this capacity may not be accessed by consciousness. Octopuses do not discriminate light wavelength frequency (color) but rather its plane of polarization, a dimension that we do not understand. Their eyes are laterally placed on the head, leading to monocular vision and head movements that give a sequential rather than simultaneous view of items, possibly consciously planned. Details of control of the rich sensorimotor system of the arms, with 3/5 of the neurons of the nervous system, may normally not be accessed to the brain and thus to consciousness. The chromatophore-based skin appearance system is likely open loop, and not available to the octopus’ vision. Conversely, in a laboratory situation that is not ecologically valid for the octopus, learning about shapes and extents of visual figures was extensive and flexible, likely consciously planned. Similarly, octopuses’ local place in and navigation around space can be guided by light polarization plane and visual landmark location and is learned and monitored. The complex array of chemical cues delivered by water and on surfaces does not fit neatly into the components above and has barely been tested but might easily be described as perceptually rich.
    [Show full text]
  • Husbandry Manual for BLUE-RINGED OCTOPUS Hapalochlaena Lunulata (Mollusca: Octopodidae)
    Husbandry Manual for BLUE-RINGED OCTOPUS Hapalochlaena lunulata (Mollusca: Octopodidae) Date By From Version 2005 Leanne Hayter Ultimo TAFE v 1 T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S 1 PREFACE ................................................................................................................................ 5 2 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 CLASSIFICATION .............................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 GENERAL FEATURES ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 HISTORY IN CAPTIVITY ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 EDUCATION ..................................................................................................................................... 9 2.5 CONSERVATION & RESEARCH ........................................................................................................ 10 3 TAXONOMY ............................................................................................................................12 3.1 NOMENCLATURE ........................................................................................................................... 12 3.2 OTHER SPECIES ...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus Dofleini) Care Manual
    Giant Pacific Octopus Insert Photo within this space (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual CREATED BY AZA Aquatic Invertebrate Taxonomic Advisory Group IN ASSOCIATION WITH AZA Animal Welfare Committee Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual Published by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in association with the AZA Animal Welfare Committee Formal Citation: AZA Aquatic Invertebrate Taxon Advisory Group (AITAG) (2014). Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual. Association of Zoos and Aquariums, Silver Spring, MD. Original Completion Date: September 2014 Dedication: This work is dedicated to the memory of Roland C. Anderson, who passed away suddenly before its completion. No one person is more responsible for advancing and elevating the state of husbandry of this species, and we hope his lifelong body of work will inspire the next generation of aquarists towards the same ideals. Authors and Significant Contributors: Barrett L. Christie, The Dallas Zoo and Children’s Aquarium at Fair Park, AITAG Steering Committee Alan Peters, Smithsonian Institution, National Zoological Park, AITAG Steering Committee Gregory J. Barord, City University of New York, AITAG Advisor Mark J. Rehling, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Roland C. Anderson, PhD Reviewers: Mike Brittsan, Columbus Zoo and Aquarium Paula Carlson, Dallas World Aquarium Marie Collins, Sea Life Aquarium Carlsbad David DeNardo, New York Aquarium Joshua Frey Sr., Downtown Aquarium Houston Jay Hemdal, Toledo
    [Show full text]
  • Os Nomes Galegos Dos Moluscos 2020 2ª Ed
    Os nomes galegos dos moluscos 2020 2ª ed. Citación recomendada / Recommended citation: A Chave (20202): Os nomes galegos dos moluscos. Xinzo de Limia (Ourense): A Chave. https://www.achave.ga /wp!content/up oads/achave_osnomesga egosdos"mo uscos"2020.pd# Fotografía: caramuxos riscados (Phorcus lineatus ). Autor: David Vilasís. $sta o%ra est& su'eita a unha licenza Creative Commons de uso a%erto( con reco)ecemento da autor*a e sen o%ra derivada nin usos comerciais. +esumo da licenza: https://creativecommons.org/ icences/%,!nc-nd/-.0/deed.g . Licenza comp eta: https://creativecommons.org/ icences/%,!nc-nd/-.0/ ega code. anguages. 1 Notas introdutorias O que cont!n este documento Neste recurso léxico fornécense denominacións para as especies de moluscos galegos (e) ou europeos, e tamén para algunhas das especies exóticas máis coñecidas (xeralmente no ámbito divulgativo, por causa do seu interese científico ou económico, ou por seren moi comúns noutras áreas xeográficas) ! primeira edición d" Os nomes galegos dos moluscos é do ano #$%& Na segunda edición (2$#$), adicionáronse algunhas especies, asignáronse con maior precisión algunhas das denominacións vernáculas galegas, corrixiuse algunha gralla, rema'uetouse o documento e incorporouse o logo da (have. )n total, achéganse nomes galegos para *$+ especies de moluscos A estrutura )n primeiro lugar preséntase unha clasificación taxonómica 'ue considera as clases, ordes, superfamilias e familias de moluscos !'uí apúntanse, de maneira xeral, os nomes dos moluscos 'ue hai en cada familia ! seguir
    [Show full text]
  • Along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coastline Thesis by Gordon Byron
    Phylogenetic Diversity of Cephalopoda (Animalia:Mollusca) Along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coastline Thesis by Gordon Byron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia © December, 2016 Gordon Byron All rights reserved 2 EXAMINATION COMMITTEE PAGE The thesis of Gordon Byron is approved by the examination committee. Committee Chairperson: Michael Berumen Committee Co-Chair: Christian Voolstra Committee Member: Timothy Ravasi 3 ABSTRACT Phylogenetic Diversity of Cephalopoda (Animalia:Mollusca) Along the Saudi Red Sea Coastline Gordon Byron Although the Red Sea presents a unique environment with high temperature and salinity, it remains an area that is understudied. This lack of information is reflected in many areas, one which is biodiversity. Despite increasing work on biodiversity throughout the Red Sea and an increase in Cephalopoda studies, Cephalopoda in the Red Sea remain underrepresented, which is especially pronounced in molecular analyses. Members of the class Cephalopoda are considered to be major contributors to coral reef ecosystems, serving as part of the food chain and exhibiting population increases due to targeted teleost fisheries and global climate change. In order to assess the biodiversity of Cephalopoda in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea, 87 specimens were collected from 25 reef locations between 17°N and 28°N latitude, as well as from the largest fish market in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Taxonomic identification of specimens was determined using morphological comparisons with previously reported species in the Red Sea and the molecular barcoding region Cytochrome Oxidase I. 84 Red Sea sequences were compared with sequences from GenBank and analyzed using a complement of Neighbor- Joining, Maximum-Likelihood, and Bayesian inference trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Species Transshipped at Sea (Saiko Sh) in Ghana with a Note On
    Fish species transshipped at sea (Saiko ƒsh) in Ghana with a note on implications for marine conservation Denis Worlanyo Aheto ( [email protected] ) Centre for Coastal Management - Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience (ACECoR), University of Cape Coast, Ghana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5722-1363 Isaac Okyere ( [email protected] ) Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-1555 Noble Kwame Asare Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana Jennifer Eshilley Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana Justice Odoiquaye Odoi Nature Today, A25 Standards Estates, Sakumono, Tema, Ghana Research Article Keywords: Fish transshipment, saiko, IUU ƒshing, Marine Conservation, Sustainability, Ghana DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-41329/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/18 Abstract Increasing global seafood demand over the last couple of decades has resulted in overexploitation of certain ƒsh species by both industrial and small-scale artisanal ƒshers. This phenomenon has threatened the livelihoods and food security of small-scale ƒshing communities especially in the West African sub- region. In Ghana, ƒsh transshipment (locally referred to as saiko) has been catalogued as one more negative practice that is exacerbating an already dire situation. The goal of this study was to characterise transshipped ƒsh species landed in Ghana on the basis of composition, habitat of origin, maturity and conservation status on the IUCN list of threatened species to enhance understanding of the ecological implications of the practice and inform regulatory enforcement and policy formulation.
    [Show full text]