Malacologia 59

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Malacologia 59 6 MALACOLOGIA Istituzione di una nuova varietà appartenente alla Famiglia Colubrariidae Dall, 1904 nel Mediterraneo e revisione sistematica. Roberto Ardovini Estratto questa prima descrizione della Colubraria: La Famiglia Colubrariidae Dall, 1904 nel “Turbo veluti malleo frequenter compressus, pars Mediterraneo s ʼincrementa di una nuova varietà interior albicat, circa oris aperturam inter labra che ulteriori ricerche e studi potrebbero elevare a reflexa alteram partem dentatam ostendit. Ex ipsa rango di specie valida. Altrettanto importante è l ʼa- ligula quaedam nascitur, orbemque ad mucronem spetto sistematico poiché nel tempo sono stati usque connectit modò testae inferta modò appa - creati generi ridondanti che hanno aumentato la rens, sed alio in loco collocata .¹ ” confusione nell ʼambito del gruppo. “Turbine sovente schiacciato come da un martello, la parte interna diventa bianca, mostra intorno all ʼa- Abstract pertura della bocca tra le labbra ricurve un ʼaltra The Family Colubrariidae Dall, 1904 in parte dentellata. Dalla stessa, una lingua nasce e Mediterranean Sea increase itself of a new variety congiunge il giro fino alla punta come se la conchi - that further research and studies could elevate to glia stesse messa all ʼinterno del guscio, solo in the rank of valid species. Also important is the apparenza ma in altro luogo situata .” systematic aspect because over time were crea - Ma leggiamo anche la diagnosi originale di Henry ted redundant genres which had increased the de Blainville: confusion within the group. “Coquille allongée, turriculée, à spire aiguë, compo - sée de huit à neuf tours arrondis, distincts, finement Parole chiave et reguilièrement treillisés par des costules décur - Colubrariidae, Mediterraneo, profondità, sistematica. rentes et transverses, outre les bourrelets épais, subdistiques; ouverture assez petite, terminée par Le Colubrarie [s.l.] sono gasteropodi che possiedo - un canal court, un peu recourbé, formée par un no una conchiglia inconfondibile, le circa 40 specie bord externe, denticule interieurment avec un bour - esistenti e diffuse in tutti i mari tropicali e subtropica - relet trèsépais en dehors; couleur rousse ou violâtre li del mondo, possiedono caratteristiche simili. La avec des bandes décurrentes blanches plus ou conchiglia ha forma slanciata, composta da una moins marquées, et surtout sur les bourrelets. decina di giri circa, ognuno di essi ornato da una od (Long. B à 9 lig. sur 3 de large). De la Méditerranée, anche due varici, che alcune volte si allineano alla sur les cótes de la Sicilie, mais très-probablement varice che si forma intorno al peristoma esterno, sur celles de Corse ”. questa caratteristica aveva indotto gli studiosi del “Conchiglia allungata, turricolata, con spira aguzza, passato a considerare le Colubrarie appartenenti ai composta di otto o nove giri arrotondati e distinti, Tritoni [s.l.] o alla famiglia Cymatidae. L ʼapertura è finemente e regolarmente graticolata da costole sempre ampia ed in alcuni casi presenta dei denti decorrenti e trasversali, oltre le varici inspessite all ʼinterno del peristoma. Recenti studi (Oliverio & disposte su doppia fila, apertura assai piccola termi - Modica, 2010) hanno dimostrato che le Colubrarie nata da un canale corto, un po ʼ ricurvo, formante un sono “ematofaghe ” infatti è stato documentato che bordo esterno, denticolato internamente con una vivono suggendo sangue ai pesci quando dormono. varice molto inspessito; colore rosso o violaceo con La Colubraria reticulata (de Blainville, 1826) del delle bande decorrenti bianche più o meno marcate Mediterraneo si rinviene nel Tirreno, nell ʼAdriatico e e soprattutto su le varici. (lunghezza B 9 mm. Per 3 nello Ionio ma sempre nella loro parte meridionale mm di larghezza). Vive nel Mediterraneo, sulle ed anche nel sud della Sardegna, nel Canale di coste della Sicilia, ma più probabilmente su quelle Sicilia, in Tunisia, in Libia ed in Algeria, non comune della Corsica ”. sotto le rocce a bassa profondità. Gli esemplari Queste descrizioni si riferiscono entrambe ovvia - adulti raggiungono mediamente i 20 mm d ʼaltezza, mente alla Colubraria reticulata tipo, quella costiera la colorazione tipo è crema con delle bande latitudi - che vive tra rocce e posidonie. nali brune ma esistono esemplari albini, subalbini e Vive però nel Mediterraneo anche una varietà di completamente bruni con varici chiare. profondità che pochi conoscono Il primo esemplare Questa conchiglia era già stata notata dal primo venne trovato in un detrito proveniente dalle secche studioso di malacologia che noi conosciamo l ʼabate di fronte a Capo Vaticano, detrito contenente pezzi gesuita Filippo Buonanni che nel 1681 nella sua di Dendrophyllia ramea (Linnaeus, 1767) ed altre monumentale opera “ Recreatio mentis et oculi in specie di molluschi appartenenti a biocenosi profon - Observatione Animalium Testaceorum ” fornisce de, era l ʼAgosto 1996, l ʼesemplare, più grande del mostra mondiale - Cupra Marittima - I/2014, febbraio, n. 82 MALACOLOGIA 7 mente cosi: abc “ The genus Colubraria was named Cumia by Bivona in 1838. The inclu - sion of the latter was not so remarkable as might at first sight appear, since there is an angle, almost a sinus, at the posterior portion of the outer lip and the shell is not tortuous like the typical Colubraria …” “We must fall back on the Cumia reti - culata of Blainville (as Tritonium ) wich has been accepted the specific name of Bivona ʼs type. It is probable that less cofusion will be caused by this arrange - ment that if either of the other species were selected as type; as the number a) Colubraria reticulata var. profundorum Capo Vaticano of species of Cumia is small, and fewer b) Colubraria reticulata var. spongiarum (Kobelt, 1901) Kerkennah changes wolud be involved, especially c) Colubraria reticulata Nardò 1m - 21mm if the typical Colubraria should prove to be distinct generically from Cumia …” solito, possiede forma meno slanciata, colorazione “Il genere Colubraria fu chiamato Cumia da Bivona chiara uniforme con un leggero accenno di banda nel 1838. L ʼistituzione di quest ʼultimo non era così rossiccia solo sulle varici, l ʼultimo giro è più ampio, rilevante come potrebbe sembrare a prima vista, così come l ʼapertura, i denti sul peristoma interno poiché c ʼè un angolo quasi un seno nella parte sono più fitti e numerosi ed anche la reticolazione posteriore del labbro esterno e la conchiglia non è che caratterizza la specie è più marcata, solo la così tortuosa come le tipiche Colubraria …” protoconca è simile a quella della varietà costiera “Dobbiamo tornare alla Cumia reticulata di Blaiville ma è più slanciata e composta da un mezzo giro in (Tritonium ) che è stato accettato come nome speci - più. Nonostante i soventi passaggi a Tropea, tra - fico del tipo di Bivona. E ʼ probabile che verrà causa - scorsero molti anni e della Colubraria di profondità ta meno confusione da questa disposizione che se nessuna traccia, questo poteva far pensare che a fosse stata scelta un ʼaltra specie come tipo; e poi - quella profondità vi fosse stata trasportata, ma ché il numero di specie di Cumia è piccolo e pochi come aveva potuto adattarsi alla zona afotica ma le cambiamenti dovrebbero avvenire specialmente se dimensioni e la forma dell ʼesemplare facevano pen - si dovesse dimostrare che le tipiche Colubraria sare che a quella profondità ci fosse nato e cresciu - sono distinte genericamente dalle Cumia …” to. Nell ʼAgosto 2012 venne rinvenuto in un altro Le sue perplessità sono giustificate, infatti, Antonino detrito proveniente dallo stesso punto, sicuramente Bivona-Bernardi era noto principalmente come con profondità superiore ai 100 metri, un secondo botanico, poi come paleontologo ed infine come esemplare, più giovane ma con le stesse caratteri - malacologo, un naturalista a tutto campo come stiche del precedente. Lo sviluppo delle tecniche di spesso accadeva ai figli dei nobili che a quei tempi indagine sul DNA e quindi l ʼidividuazione di nuovi detenevano la cultura e si dedicavano a studi natu - criteri per stabilire la validità di una specie mi porta ralistici. Il Barone purtroppo muore all ʼetà di ses - a pensare in modo dubitativo sulla validità di questa sant ʼanni per un ʼepidemia di peste che aveva colpi - specie che al momento in attesa di altri ritrovamenti to la città di Palermo, lasciando molte delle sue di esemplari viventi nel Mediterraneo preferisco opere incompiute. Il figlio Andrea medico in Roma è considerare come semplice varietà della specie ammirevole nel suo intento di voler rendere omag - tipo, quindi sono propenso ad istituire la Colubraria gio al padre e completa alcuni dei suoi studi, uno di reticulata var. profundorum . questi è appunto malacologico e viene pubblicato Altro aspetto non trascurabile è quello riguardante nel 1838 sul Giornale di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti per la sistematica del gruppo. Infatti, come accennavo la Sicilia diretto dal barone Vincenzo Mortillaro ed a all ʼinizio le Colubrarie [s.l] sono da sempre state pagina 322 del volume 63 si esprime al riguardo del oggetto di controversia a causa della loro attribuzio - genere Cumia: “Io stabilisco il genere Cumia sopra ne generica e/o specifica, fortunatamente il grande cento individui di una conchiglia da mio padre cre - malacologo americano William Heley Dall nel 1904 duta una nuova specie di Ranelle …” e lo dedica istituì la famiglia delle Colubrariidae e quindi mise “… all ʼamico di mio padre, all ʼillustre signor Marcello fine a queste diatribe e nello stesso lavoro ² (pagina Fardella barone di Cumia in segno di profonda 136) si esprime dubitativamente rispetto al genere venerazione ”. Tutto ciò è senza dubbio molto nobi - Cumia. Due anni dopo nel 1906 si esprime nuova - le, ma il giovane Andrea non si avvede ovviamente mostra mondiale - Cupra Marittima - I/2014, febbraio, n. 82 8 MALACOLOGIA che la conchiglia che sta trattando appartiene già al Si ringrazia Giuseppe Colamonaco per l ʼesempla - genere Colubraria Schumacher, 1817. re proveniente da Nardò (LE). Si è cercato nel corso degli anni di dare una valen - Si ringrazia Alessandro Micarelli per le foto pre - za al genere Cumia, inserendovi conchiglie prove - senti nell ʼarticolo.
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