SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

Table S1. List of samples sequenced in this study. Not all genes are available for each specimen; unavailable sequences are indicated with dashes. Generic assignments are based on our revised classification; uncertain assignments are indicated by single quotation marks. Type of valid genera are in bold. Voucher locations: Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK); Australian Museum, Sydney (AM); Western Australian Museum, Perth (WAM); Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville (UF); University of Costa Rica (UCR); Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (CNMO); ‘La Sapienza’ University of Rome (BAU); Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN). Accession numbers beginning with EU were published by Claremont et al. (2008); accession numbers beginning with FN were published by Barco et al. (2010); accession numbers beginning with FR were published by Claremont et al. (2011).

Species Locality Voucher 12S 28S 16S COI

Rapaninae (outgroup) Concholepas Chile: Isla Rojas, Region NHMUK FN677398 EU391554 FN677453 EU391581 concholepas XI 19990303 (Bruguière, 1789) Dicathais orbita Australia: Tasmania AM C458269 FN677395 FN677459 FN677450 EU391573 (Gmelin, 1791) Mancinella intermedia : Cabo NHMUK FN677384 EU391543 FN677434 EU391574 (Kiener, 1835) Delgado Prov. 20060440 Rapana bezoar Japan: Kochi Pref. NHMUK FN677376 FN677476 FN677438 FN677421 (Linnaeus, 1767) 20080038 Thais nodosa Ghana: Matrakni Point NHMUK FN677373 EU391566 FN677425 EU391579 (Linnaeus, 1758) 20070652 Thalessa aculeata New Caledonia: Touho NHMUK FN677374 FN677477 FN677426 FN677422 (Deshayes, 1844) 20070631

Ergalataxinae Kuroda & Habe, 1971 lugubris Costa Rica: Puntarenas UCR 7797 HE583773 HE583860 HE583924 HE584011 (C.B. Adams, 1852) Trachypollia lugubris Panama BAU 00248 HE583774 HE583861 HE583925 HE584012 (C.B. Adams, 1852)

CLADE A ‘’ anaxares Mozambique: Cabo NHMUK HE583775 EU391541 HE583926 EU391584 (Kiener, 1836) Delgado Prov. 20060450 ‘Morula’ anaxares Vanuatu MNHN IM- HE583776 --- HE583927 --- (Kiener, 1836) 2007-18198 ‘Morula’ nodulosa Costa Rica: Manzanillo UCR HE583777 HE583862 HE583928 HE584013 (Adams, 1845) 7783 ‘Morula’ nodulosa Senegal: Almadies NHMUK HE583778 --- HE583929 --- (Adams, 1845) 20080030 Mozambique: Cabo NHMUK HE583779 EU39155 HE583930 HE584014 fenestrata (Blainville, Delgado Prov. 20060451 1832) Muricodrupa New Caledonia: NHMUK HE583780 FN677474 FN677428 FN677419 fenestrata (Blainville, Noumea 20070620 1832)

Subclade U Tenguella cf. ceylonica Malaysia: Langkawi Is NHMUK HE583781 HE583863 HE583931 HE584015 (Dall, 1923) 20080822 Tenguella granulata Seychelles: Mahé NHMUK --- HE583864 HE583932 --- (Duclos, 1832) 20070645 Tenguella granulata Mozambique: Cabo NHMUK HE583782 --- HE583933 --- (Duclos, 1832) Delgado Prov. 20020262 Tenguella granulata New Caledonia: NHMUK FN677383 FN677469 FN677433 FN677414 (Duclos, 1832) Noumea 20070621 Tenguella marginalba Australia: Moreton Bay, NHMUK HE583783 HE583865 HE583934 HE584016 (Blainville, 1832) Queensland 20090088 Tenguella musiva Malaysia: Langkawi Is NHMUK FN677380 FN677472 FN677430 FN677417 (Kiener, 1836) 20080744 Tenguella n. sp. Guam: Mangalao NHMUK FN677379 FN677473 FN677429 FN677418 20080772 Tenguella n. sp. Vanuatu: Maloka I. MNHN IM- HE583784 HE583866 HE583935 --- 2007-18187

CLADE B ‘Morula’ cf fiscella Japan: Yakushima, NHMUK HE583787 HE583868 HE583938 HE584019 (Gmelin, 1791) Kyushu 20090337 ‘Morula’ n. sp. New Caledonia: Norfolk MNHN IM- HE583785 --- HE583936 HE584017 Ridge 2009-8827 ‘Morula’ n. sp. New Caledonia: Norfolk MNHN IM- HE583786 HE583867 HE583937 HE584018 Ridge 2009-8828 ‘Morula’ rumphiusi Malaysia: E coast Johor NHMUK FN677381 FN677471 FN677431 FN677416 Houart, 1996 20080795 ‘Morula’ fiscella Australia: Queensland AM C205407 HE583788 HE583869 ------(Gmelin, 1791) ‘Morula’ fiscella New Caledonia: NHMUK FN677382 FN677470 FN677432 FN677415 (Gmelin, 1791) Noumea 20070623 ‘Morula’ fiscella Philippines: Panglao I. MNHN HE583789 --- HE583939 --- (Gmelin, 1791) IM-2007-18195

Subclade V Morula aspera Egypt: no voucher HE583790 HE583870 HE583940 HE584020 (Lamarck, 1816) Marsa Alam Morula benedicta Hawaii: French Frigate UF 414310 HE583791 HE583871 HE583941 --- (Melvill & Standen, Shoals 1895) Morula biconica Philippines: Panglao I. MNHN HE583792 HE583872 HE583942 --- (Blainville, 1832) IM-2007-18172 Morula chrysostoma United Arab Emirates: NHMUK HE583793 --- HE583943 HE584021 (Deshayes, 1844) Fujairah 20080911 Morula coronata Mozambique: MNHN IM- HE583794 HE583873 HE583944 HE584022 (Adams, 1869) Mozambique Channel 2009-5447 Morula japonica Japan: Sakihara Is, NHMUK HE583795 HE583874 HE583945 HE584023 (Sowerby, 1903) Amami Is 20090347 Morula nodicostata Guam: Mangalao NHMUK HE583796 HE583875 HE583946 HE584024 (Pease, 1868) 20080766 Morula spinosa (H. & Vanuatu: Segond MNHN IM- HE583797 HE583876 HE583947 --- A. Adams, 1853) Channel 2007-18223 Morula spinosa (H. & Japan: Kagoshima, NHMUK HE583798 HE583877 HE583948 HE584025 A. Adams, 1853) Kyushiu 20090351 Morula spinosa (H. & Japan: Miyazaki, NHMUK HE583799 HE583878 HE583949 HE584026 A. Adams, 1853) Kyushu 20100148 Morula striata (Pease, Japan: Sakihara Is, NHMUK HE583800 HE583879 HE583950 HE584027 1868) Amami Is 20090346 Morula striata (Pease, Japan: Yaeyama Is, Y. Kano HE583801 HE583880 HE583951 HE584028 1868) Okinawa collection (Röding, Guam: Mangalao NHMUK HE583803 HE583882 HE583953 HE584029 1798) 20080775 Morula uva (Röding, Guam: Mangalao NHMUK HE583804 HE583883 HE583954 HE584030 1798) 20080831 Morula uva (Röding, Guam: Merizo Bay NHMUK HE583805 --- HE583955 HE584031 1798) 20080762 Morula uva (Röding, Guam: Merizo Bay NHMUK HE583806 --- HE583956 HE584032 1798) 20080780 Morula uva (Röding, Guam: Umatac Bay NHMUK HE583807 ------1798) 20080821 Morula uva (Röding, Japan: Yakushima, NHMUK HE583809 HE583884 HE583958 HE584033 1798) Kyushu 20090331 Morula uva (Röding, Mozambique: Cabo NHMUK HE583808 --- HE583957 --- 1798) Delgado Prov. 20060449 Morula zebrina French Polynesia: UF 291661 HE583802 HE583881 HE583952 --- Houart, 2004 Moorea

CLADE C ‘Morula’ echinata Vanuatu: MNHN HE583810 ------(Reeve, 1846) Aoré I. IM-2007-18211 ‘Morula’ parva Philippines: Panglao I. MNHN HE583811 HE583885 HE583959 HE584034 (Reeve, 1846) IM-2007-18212 Phrygiomurex Vanuatu: Palikulo MNHN HE583812 HE583886 HE583960 HE584035 sculptilis (Reeve, Peninsula IM-2007-18196 1844)

Subclade W ‘’ bimucronata Malaysia: Pulau Dayang NHMUK HE583813 HE583887 HE583961 HE584036 (Reeve, 1846) Bunting 20080746 ‘Orania’ gaskelli Vanuatu: Segond MNHN HE583814 HE583888 HE583962 HE584037 (Melvill, 1891) Channel IM-2007-18173 ‘Orania’ serotina (A. Philippines MNHN HE583815 HE583889 HE583963 HE584038 Adams, 1853) IM-2009-6382 fimbriata Australia: Moreton Bay, NHMUK HE583816 HE583890 HE583964 HE584039 (Hinds, 1844) Queensland 20090354 avenacea Hawaii: Oahu NHMUK HE583817 HE583891 HE583965 HE584040 (Lesson, 1842) 20100385 Usilla avenacea Japan: Konigami, NHMUK HE583818 HE583892 HE583966 HE584041 (Lesson, 1842) Okinawa 20100318

Subclade X ‘’ contracta Japan: Kamogawa, NHMUK FR854045 FR853963 HE583967 FR853882 (Reeve, 1846) Chiba Pref. 20080019 ‘Ergalatax’ contracta Malaysia: Langkawi Is NHMUK FN677391 FN677462 FN677444 FN677408 (Reeve, 1846) 20080747 ‘Ergalatax’ junionae Kuwait: Ras Ajoza NHMUK FR854046 FR853964 HE583968 FR853883 Houart, 2008 20100394 ‘Ergalatax’ junionae United Arab Emirates: NHMUK FN677390 FN677463 FN677446 FN677409 Houart, 2008 Abu Dhabi 20080906 amygdala Australia: Darwin NHMUK FR853984 FR853903 HE583969 FR853822 (Kiener, 1835) Harbour, NT 20100355 Cronia aurantiaca Australia: Queensland AM C458326 FR853983 FR853902 HE583970 FR853821 (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1852) Mozambique: Cabo NHMUK FN677396 EU391552 FN677451 EU391587 margariticola Delgado Prov. 20060466 ‘Oceanic’ Drupella Hong Kong: Bloff I. NHMUK FR853985 FR853904 HE583971 FR853823 margariticola 20080741.1 ‘Continental’ New Caledonia: Yaté NHMUK FR854005 FR853923 HE583972 FR853842 (Röding, 1798) 20070144 Drupella eburnea Japan: Miyazaki, NHMUK FR853991 FR853909 --- FR853828 (Küster, 1862) Kyushu 20100146.2 Japan: Fukashima, Oita NHMUK FR854009 FR853927 HE583973 FR853846 (Blainville, 1832) Pref. 20090098 Hong Kong: Bloff I. NHMUK FR854011 FR853929 HE583974 FR853848 (Born, 1778) 20080824.1 serriale Japan: Okinawa Pref. NHMUK FR854056 FR853974 HE583975 FR853893 (Deshayes, 1834) 20080022 Mozambique: Cabo BAU 00952 HE583819 ------(Deshayes, 1834) Delgado Prov. Maculotriton serriale Philippines: Panglao I. MNHN IM- FR854057 FR853975 HE583976 FR853894 (Deshayes, 1834) 2007-18197

Subclade Y ‘Spinidrupa’ cf infans Mozambique: MNHN IM- HE583820 HE583893 HE583977 HE584042 (Smith, 1884) Mozambique Channel 2009-5434 ‘Spinidrupa’ infans Madagascar: Bay of MNHN IM- HE583821 HE583894 HE583978 HE584043 (Smith, 1884) Nazendry 2009-8833 ‘Spinidrupa’ sp. Mozambique: Cabo NHMUK HE583833 EU391542 HE583987 EU391586 Delgado Prov. 20060429 Bedevina birileffi Japan: Kagoshima, NHMUK HE583822 HE583895 HE583979 HE584044 (Lischke, 1871) Kyushi 20090344 Oppomorus funiculata Japan: Amami Is NHMUK HE583823 HE583896 HE583980 HE584045 (Reeve, 1846) 20090340 Oppomorus funiculata Japan: Fukashima, Oita NHMUK HE583824 HE583897 HE583981 HE584046 (Reeve, 1846) Pref. 20090355 Oppomorus funiculata Japan: Miyake I., Izu Is NHMUK HE583825 HE583898 HE583982 HE584047 (Reeve, 1846) 20100140 Oppomorus Australia: Lord Howe I. AM C433918.1 HE583826 ------nodulifera (Menke, 1829) Oppomorus Australia: Lord Howe I. AM C433918.2 HE583827 ------nodulifera (Menke, 1829) Oppomorus Australia: Sydney, NSW AM C451257 HE583828 HE583899 HE583983 HE584048 nodulifera (Menke, 1829) Oppomorus Japan: Kunigami, UF 351763 HE583830 HE583901 HE583985 HE584049 purpureocincta Okinawa (Preston, 1909) Oppomorus Malaysia: Langkawi Is NHMUK HE583831 HE583902 HE583986 HE584050 purpureocincta 20080748 (Preston, 1909) Oppomorus Guam: Pago Bay, NHMUK HE583829 HE583900 HE583984 --- purpureocincta Mangalao 20080781 (Preston, 1909) Spinidrupa Mozambique: Cabo BAU 00951 HE583832 ------euracantha (A. Delgado Prov. Adams, 1853)

Subclade Z ‘Cytharomorula’ cf New Caledonia: Banc MNHN HE583834 HE583903 HE583988 --- grayi (Dall, 1889) Kaimon Maru IM-2007-18205 ‘Cytharomorula’ cf New Caledonia: Banc MNHN HE583835 HE583904 HE583989 HE584051 grayi (Dall, 1889) Crypthelia IM-2007-18225 ‘Cytharomorula’ Philippines: Panglao I. MNHN HE583836 ------paucimaculata IM-2007-18202 (Sowerby, 1903) ‘Cytharomorula’ Philippines: Panglao I. MNHN HE583837 ------paucimaculata IM-2007-18204 (Sowerby, 1903) ‘Cytharomorula’ Philippines MNHN HE583838 HE583905 HE583990 HE584052 springsteeni Houart, IM-2007-18184 1995 ‘Orania’ fischeriana Madagascar: Bay of MNHN IM- HE583839 HE583906 HE583991 HE584053 (Tapparone-Canefri, Nazendry 2009-8832 1882) ‘Orania’ mixta Philippines: Bohol I. MNHN HE583840 HE583907 HE583992 HE584054 Houart, 1995 IM-2007-18201 ‘Orania’ mixta Philippines: Panglao I. MNHN HE583841 HE583908 HE583993 --- Houart, 1995 IM-2007-18209 ‘Orania’ mixta Philippines: West MNHN HE583842 HE583909 HE583994 --- Houart, 1995 Pamilacan I. IM-2007-18708 ‘Orania’ mixta Solomon Is: MNHN IM- HE583843 --- HE583995 --- Houart, 1995 Kolombangara I. 2007-18207 ‘Orania’ ornamentata Mozambique: MNHN HE583844 HE583910 HE583996 HE584055 Houart, 1995 Mozambique Channel IM-2009-5587 ‘Orania’ pacifica Australia: Off Cape WAM S32747 HE583845 HE583911 HE583997 --- (Nakayama, 1988) Leveque, Western Australia ‘Orania’ pacifica Philippines: Bohol Sea MNHN HE583846 HE583912 HE583998 HE584056 (Nakayama, 1988) IM-2007-18193 ‘Orania’ rosea Philippines: Panglao I. NHMUK HE583847 HE583913 HE583999 --- Houart, 1996 20070583 ‘’ darrosensis Philippines: Balicasag MNHN HE583848 HE583914 --- HE584057 (E.A. Smith, 1884) I. IM-2009-4950 ‘Pascula’ muricata Mozambique: Cabo BAU 00950 HE583849 HE583915 HE584000 HE584058 (Reeve, 1846) Delgado Prov. ‘Pascula’ muricata Mozambique: Cabo NHMUK HE583850 EU391549 HE584001 --- (Reeve, 1846) Delgado Prov. 20060435 ‘Pascula’ ochrostoma Japan: Miyake I., Izu Is NHMUK HE583851 HE583916 HE584002 --- (Blainville, 1832) 20100160 ‘Pascula’ ochrostoma Guam: Merizo Bay NHMUK HE583852 HE583917 HE584003 --- (Blainville, 1832) 20080757 ‘Pascula’ ochrostoma Philippines: Panglao I. MNHN IM- HE583853 HE583918 HE584004 HE584059 (Blainville, 1832) 2007-18176 ‘Pascula’ ochrostoma French Polynesia: UF 291770 HE583854 HE583919 HE584005 --- (Blainville, 1832) Tahiti ‘Pascula’ submissa Mozambique: MNHN HE583855 HE583920 HE584006 HE584060 (E.A. Smith, 1903) Mozambique Channel IM-2009-5440 ‘Pascula’ submissa Mozambique: MNHN HE583856 HE583921 HE584007 --- (E.A. Smith, 1903) Mozambique Channel IM-2009-5609 ‘Thais’ castanea Sunrise-on-Sea: South NHMUK HE583857 HE583922 HE584008 HE584061 (Küster, 1886) Africa 20100166 Cytharomorula New Caledonia: Banc MNHN HE583858 HE583923 HE584009 HE584062 vexillum Kuroda, Capel IM-2007-18174 1953 Cytharomorula New Caledonia: Banc MNHN HE583859 --- HE584010 --- vexillum Kuroda, Nova Sud IM-2007-18203 1953

Table S2. Comments on genera sometimes included in the , but not analysed herein. The placement of the type species of all genera in this table should be tested with molecular data (except where noted).

Genus Type species First included in Comment Ergalataxinae by Azumamorula Ricinula mutica Houart, 2004 Often used as subgenus of Morula (e.g. Emerson, 1968 Lamarck, 1816 Houart, 2004); possible synonym of (new name for Tenguella Morulina Dall, 1923) Cinclidotyphis Cinclidotyphis myrae Vokes, 1996 Tryptotyphinae (R. Houart, unpublished) DuShane, 1969 DuShane, 1969

Cumella Cumella cumella Vokes, 1996 Unavailable: junior homonym of Cumella Jousseaume, Jousseaume, 1898 Sars, 1865 (Crustacea). Valid name 1898 Lataxiena Jousseaume, 1883 (R. Houart, unpublished) Daphnellopsis Daphnellopsis Houart, 1995 Placement in Ergalataxinae uncertain (R. Schepman, lamellosa Schepman, Houart, unpublished) 1913 1913 Galfridus Triton (Cumia) Vokes, 1996 Subgenus of Phyllocoma (Ponder, 1972; Iredale, 1924 speciosum Angas, 1871 see below)

Lindapterys Lindapterys vokesae Houart, 1995 Placement in Ergalataxinae uncertain (R. Petuch, 1987 Petuch, 1987 Houart, unpublished)

Minibraria monroei http://www.malacol Related to Phyllocoma (Beu & Maxwell, Sarasua, 1984 McGinty, 1962 og.org 1987; see below); resembles Colubraria (R. Houart, unpublished) Phyllocoma Triton convolutus Tröndlé & Houart, (R. Houart, unpublished; Tapparone Broderip, 1833 1992 preliminary molecular data, M. Claremont, Canefri, 1881 unpublished) Uttleya Uttleya arcana Vokes, 1996 Placement in Ergalataxinae uncertain (R. Marwick, 1934 Marwick, 1934 Houart, unpublished)

Xanthochorus Purpura cassidiformis Vokes, 1996 (confirmed with molecular P. Fischer, 1884 Blainville, 1832 data by Barco et al., 2010)

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: REFERENCES

BARCO, A., CLAREMONT, M., REID, D.G., HOUART, R., BOUCHET, P., WILLIAMS, S.T., CRUAUD, C., COULOUX, A. & OLIVERIO, M. 2010. A molecular phylogenetic framework for the , a diverse family of carnivorous gastropods. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56: 1025-1039.

BEU, A.G. & MAXWELL, P.A. 1987. A revision of the fossil and living gastropods related to Plesiotriton Fischer, 1884 (Family Cancellariidae, Subfamily Plesiotritoninae n. subfam.). New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin, 54: 11–140.

CLAREMONT, M., REID, D.G. & WILLIAMS, S.T. 2008. A molecular phylogeny of the and Ergalataxinae (: Muricidae). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 74: 215-221.

CLAREMONT, M., REID, D.G. & WILLIAMS, S.T. 2011. Evolution of corallivory in the gastropod Drupella. Coral Reefs 30: 977-990.

HOUART, R. 1995. The Ergalataxinae (, Muricidae) from the New Caledonia region with some comments on the subfamily and the description of thirteen new species from the Indo-West Pacific. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Section A, 16: 245-297.

HOUART, R. 2004. Review of the Recent species of Morula (Oppomorus), M. (Azumamorula) and M. (Habromorula) (Gastropoda: Muricidae: Ergalataxinae). Novapex, 5: 91-130.

PONDER, W.F. 1972. Notes on some Australian genera and species of the family Muricidae (Neogastropoda). Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia, 2: 215-248.

TRÖNDLÉ, J. & HOUART, R. 1992. Les Muricidae de Polynésie française. Apex, 7: 67-149.

VOKES, E.H. 1996. One last look at the Muricidae. American Conchologist, 24: 4-6.