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Note: Page Numbers Ending with G Indicate That the Entry Is Defi Ned in the Glossary Index Note: page numbers ending with g indicate that the entry is defi ned in the Glossary Accommodation Agrobacterium rhizogenes , 255, 257, 259 genetic ( see Genetic accommodation) Allison, Anthony, 140 physiological, 190 Allopatric species, 201 Acquired characters, 105, 130. See also Allopolyploidization, 152, 254, 261, 263 Inheritance of acquired characters; Soft and cytological diploidization, 264 – 265, 268 inheritance and DNA elimination, 268 induction of ( see Direct induction; Parallel and DNA methylation, 267 induction; Somatic induction) and genetic diploidization, 266 – 267 Acrythosiphon pisum (pea aphid), 283, 287, 289, and speciation, 261 290 and stress, 220 Activation pattern, 303, 349 – 350 Allopolyploids, 152, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, Adaptability, 71, 147, 269, 423g 428g Adaptation, xii, 4, 29, 48, 50, 51, 58, 63, 69, 70, 72, Allopolyploidy, 253, 261, 423g 74, 112, 115, 128, 130, 146, 149, 152, 161, Allostery, 362, 363, 423g 177 – 178, 227, 251, 258, 297, 301, 323 – 325, 401. Amoeba , 117 See also Acquired characters; Bacteria, Analogy, 14, 27, 28, 39, 90, 94, 403, 428 adaptations of; Bacterial persistence, as an Analytic philosophy, 5, 6, 423g adaptation; Evolution, adaptive; Evolution, Anatomy, 37, 58, 69, 272, 327 adaptive and cumulative; Lamarckian Anokhin, Konstantin, 397, 400, 401 inheritance Anthropology, 21, 90, 97, 319, 404 of allopolyploids, 269 Apoptosis, 245, 285, 423g behavioral, 397 Arabidopsis thaliana , 221, 222, 396 to changing environments, 205, 212 Archaea, 271, 273, 274, 429 and co-functionality, 189 Artifi cial selection, 171, 177, 252, 258 in Darwin, 42 Asobara tabida , 285 in Durkheim, 93, 94, 95 Asparagopsis armata , 252 in French neo-Lamarckism, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74 Aspergillus , 115 in Haeckel, 47 Assimilation. See Genetic assimilation physiological, 161, 167, 195 Asymmetry social, 97 directional, 158 in Spencer, 91 – 92 fi xed, 396 in Weismann, 58, 63 random and plastic, 396 Adaptationist, 166, 358 Atomic Energy Commission, 124, 138 Adaptive variation, 154, 286 Attention, selective, 369 – 370 Aegilops , 2 63, 264, 265, 266 Attractor, 303, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 402, Agassiz, Louis, 26 423g, 425, 428 Agency, 22, 27, 47, 48, 93, 157, 178, 359, 360, Autopoiesis, 166, 291, 423g 361 Autopolyploidy, 423g Agriculture, 81, 83 Ayala, Francisco, 297 438 Index Bacteria, 68, 116, 151, 227. See also Bacterial social, 118, 298 persistence; Blue-green algae; Evolution, for Spencer, 92 coevolution; Horizontal gene transfer; Beisson, Janine, 137, 279 Mutation, adaptive; Stress, role in bacterial Belyaev, Dimitri, 171, 172, 174, 175, 178, 424 evolution; Symbiosis, with bacteria; Symbiosis, Benedict, Ruth, 404 co-evolution between host and symbiont Ben Menahem, Yemima, xv, 99, 342 acquisition of genes by, 117, 153, 274 Bernard, Claude, 68, 69, 71 adaptations of, 70, 115, 222 Bhat, Ramry, 146, 148, 224, 304 biofi lms, 158, 286 Biochemical pathway, 182 classifi cation of, 271 – 272 Biodiversity, 147, 181, 200, 300, 309, 314, 315 defi nition of, 272 – 273 Biology, xi, xiii, xiv, 5, 48, 224, 246, 324, 327, 328, dormant, 207 332, 345, 406, 416, 424 epigenetic inheritance in bacteria, 151, 219, 367, developmental ( see Developmental biology) 368, 377 – 379, 413, 418 evolutionary, xi, xiv, 25, 31, 33, 116, 118, 131, 145, evolution of and in, xiii, 153, 273 – 275, 368, 379 246, 278, 291, 332, 395, 405, 406 extremophile, 274 folk, 319, 320, 321, 322, 325, 328, 425g lysogenic, 276, 277 and French transformist microbiology, 67, 68, mutations in, 133, 138 – 139, 152, 177, 367 70 persistence, 183, 206 – 213 and Lamarck, 11, 45, 57, 381, 389 plasticity, 147 and mathematics, 11, 138 role in speciation, 277, 279 and the Modern Synthesis, 104, 105, 106, 112, switching in, 147, 183 115, 122, 124, 128, 138 Bacterial persistence, 183, 205 – 213, 402, 429g molecular, 115, 118, 137, 141, 175, 332, 382, 385, as an adaptation, 210 – 213 424, 425 discovery of, 205 “ new biology, ” 385 – 387 effect on growth rate, 206 and physics, 5, 80, 115, 138, 381 high persistence, hipA7 gene, 206, 208, 209 prokaryotic, 377 and predator-prey oscillations, 148, 210 – 212, and sociology, 89, 90, 92 – 98, 395, 402 – 404 402 Soviet, 80, 81, 82, 86 response to antibiotic, 205, 206, 207 and teleology, 47, 160 types, 207, 213 Biometry, 109, 115 Bacteroides fragilis , 285, 286, 290, 291 Biophors, 58, 60, 424g Bacteriophage. See Virus, bacterial Biston betularia (peppered moth), 137, 138, 139 Badyaev, Alexander, 158, 177, 326 Blue-green algae, 272, 273, 276, 278 Baer, Karl Ernest von, 91 Body plan, 148, 158, 159, 164 Balaban, Nathalie, 147, 219, 402 Bohr, Niels, 80, 381 Baldwin, James Mark, 148 Bonnier, Gaston, 68 – 69 Baldwin effect, 148 Bory de Saint Vincent, Jean Baptiste, 15, 17 Ballantyne, John William, 239 Bowler, Peter, 64, 89 Barker, David, 240 Buffon, George-Louis Leclerc Comte de, 9, 36, Base pairs (bp), 392, 423g 39, 42, 160, 381 Bateson, William, 117, 123, 160, 276 Buklijas, Tatjana, 151 Beagle, The , 24, 40, 41 Braun, Erez, 147, 152, 220, 304 Beatty, John, 298, 334 Bread wheat, 263, 264, 265, 266 Behavior, 22, 33, 52, 95, 104, 112, 207, 303. See Breeding, 77, 79, 80, 83, 84, 85, 115, 172. See also also Habit; Plasticity, behavioral; Domestication; Hybridization; Inbreeding; Domestication; Genetics, behavioral; Instinct; Lysenkoism Niche construction Brink, Alexander, 216, 256 classifi cation of, 327, 328 Buchnera amphidicola , 287, 289, 290 for Darwin, 40 – 41 Buiatti, Marcello, 152, 303 and epigenetics, 218, 220 – 221, 223, 244, 400, 401 Burbank, Luther, 83 and folk psychology, 299, 300, 320, 425g Burkhardt, Richard W., Jr., xvi, 24 for Fr é d é ric Cuvier, 37 – 39 Burian, Richard, 68 and genetic assimilation, 148, 397 Butler, Samuel, 28 in human societies, 92 induced by symbionts, 279 Cabanis, Pierre J. G., 24 for Lamarck, 12, 23, 24, 33, 36, 369 Caenorharbditis elegans , 230 Index 439 Canalization, 105, 113, 145, 324, 397, 398, 408, Chlamydomonas , 177 423g. See also Genetic assimilation; Genetic Chloroplasts, 106, 134, 136, 273, 276, 278, 288, 424, accommodation; Plasticity, evolution of 429. See also Cytoplasmic inheritance and cell determination, 150 Chromatin, 135, 222, 230, 257, 263, 348, 377, 378, defi nition of, 149 390, 391, 398, 413 – 416, 417, 423g, 425, 426 as Fixity, 323 Chromatin marks, 218, 414, 415, 417, 423g. See in metazoan evolution, 148 also Epigenetic Inheritance Systems, chromatin and norms of reaction, 201 marking; Genomic imprinting and plasticity, 323, 324 Chromatin modifi cations, 229, 284, 337, 391. See Cancer, 216, 218, 390, 398 also Histones, modifi cations of Caullery, Maurice, 73, 74 Chromosomes, 52, 58, 79, 80, 111, 121, 122, 134, Causality, xii, 4, 5, 6, 7, 93 135, 383. See also Chromatin; Mendelian circular, 358 ( see also Causation, reciprocal) inheritance; Genome, plasticity of Cause(s) aberrations and changes in structure, 112, 255, of evolution, 39, 50, 69, 178, 277, 308, 309, 373 258, 430 ( see also The Causes of Evolution ) bacterial, 207, 208, 377, 378, 379, 426 of health in society, 239 duplications, 112, 253, 263, 424, 429 of human nature, 319 homeologous, 261, 263, 264, 266, 268, 426g “ Lamarckian, ” 50, 162, 359 homologous, 263, 265, 426g physiochemical, 9, 47, 48, 91, 385, 386 interactions between, 348, 424 ( see also primary, 35, 36 Paramutation) relative signifi cance of, 333 – 334 nuclear, 104 tension between, 74 orthologous, 428 of variation, 26, 30, 38, 39, 64, 91, 176, 234, 279, polytene, 253 285, 339 recombination, 221, 261 Causation structure of, 348, 391, 413, 414, 416, 423, 426 disease, 239 theory, 52, 79, 80, 84, 104, 133, 277, 303 nonlinear, complex, 385, 386, 387 X, 215, 431 ( see also X-inactivation) reciprocal, 307, 309 in yeast, 182, 186 types of, 153 Churchill, Frederick, 64, 65 Causes of Evolution, The , Haldane, J. B. S., 110, Churchland, P. M., 6 111 Churchland, P. S., 6 Cavalier-Smith, T., 419, 426 Ciliates, 115, 116, 136, 215, 216, 219, 279, 419 Cell, 96, 115, 116, 117, 130,133, 335 Cis-regulatory elements, 163, 181, 284, 424, 425 cortex of, 137 Cis-trans interaction, 267, 424g differentiation, 118, 136 – 138, 150, 162,163, 215, Class, 211, 230, 254, 271, 272, 354, 429 216, 424 of animal, 35 heredity, 119,126, 136, 151, 215, 216, 217, social, 90, 97, 115 413 – 420, 423g ( see also Epigenetic inheritance, Classifi cation, 9, 13, 263, 271, 273, 274, 320, 326, cellular) 412 inheritance, 215, 216 – 222, 377 – 379 of bacteria, 271 – 272 learning, 224 of DNA sequences in hybrids, 263 – 264 lineages, 118, 151, 275, 425 folk, 300, 320 lines, 58, 216, 378 by homology, 327 memory, 145, 216, 416, 428 ( see also Epigenetics) Climate, 49, 50, 59, 62, 63, 219, 310 networks, 145, 147, 259, 402 Climate change, 289, 312, 314, 315 plasticity, 182, 190, 252 Clone, 116, 187, 252, 258 Central Dogma, 80, 106, 118, 337, 382, 385 Cloning, 193, 228, 289, 430 Century of Darwin, A , Barnett, S. A., 116 Codevelopment, 283, 284, 286 – 287. See also Chaisson, E., 374, 425 Developmental symbiosis Chambers, Robert, 17 Co-evolution. See Evolution, co-evolution; Chaos infusoria , 271 – 272 Symbiosis, host-symbiont co-evolution Chaperones (chaperone proteins), 183, 184, 358, Cognitive evolution, 93 396, 423g Cognitive science, 6, 369 Chemistry, 10, 11, 27, 70, 123, 161, 297, 362, 405 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 138 Chemostat, 184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 423g Cold War, 31, 85, 86, 117, 124, 135, 138, 216, 277, Child, C. M., 122 278 440 Index Cold War in Biology, The , Lindegren, C. C., 135, Cytotaxis, 279. See also Epigenetic inheritance 216 systems, structural Collectivity, 31, 89, 92, 94, 96 Colot, Vincent, 221 Damasio, Antonio, 370 – 371 Community, 68, 286, 287, 308, 363. See also Daphnia , 123, 199, 200, 223, 325 Holobiont Dareste, Camille, 68 scientifi c, 134, 301, 302, 340 Darlington, Cyril, 110, 112, 133 – 134, 135, 136, Comparative genomics, 261, 424 430 Competition, 22, 52, 118, 209, 258, 284, 325.
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