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OBSERVING VARIATION OF ACOUSTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEVERAL COMMON FIREARMS IN A QUASI ANECHOIC ENVIRONMENT AT A HIGH SAMPLING RATE by Tushar Kanti Routh A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical & Computer Engineering MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana August 2016 ©COPYRIGHT by Tushar Kanti Routh 2016 All Rights Reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, praises and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for His showers of blessings to complete the research successfully. I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my research supervisor, Dr. Robert C Maher, Ph.D., P.E., Professor, and Head, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, for providing the opportunity and invaluable guidance throughout this research. His dynamism, vision, sincerity and motivation have deeply inspired me. It was a great privilege and honor to carry out my work under his guidance. I am extremely grateful for what he has offered me not only as a mentor but also as a human being. I would also like to thank him for his patience, empathy, and most importantly, understanding me as a person. My Special thanks go to Prof. Steven Shaw for his support in gunshot recordings. I am extremely grateful to Angelo Borzino, for his support in the interpretation of recorded signals. I am extending my gratitude to Tyler Davis, for his assistance during the whole period. Finally, my thanks go to my parents and all my friends and staff of this department, who has directly and indirectly, supported me to complete the research work. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Motivation ................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Broader Impacts ....................................................................................................... 4 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................... 5 2.1 Formation of Gunshot Wave .................................................................................... 5 2.2 Ground Reflection of Gunshot Signals .................................................................... 8 2.3 Defining Muzzle Blast Wave ................................................................................. 12 2.4 Calculating Total Energy from a Blast Wave ........................................................ 13 2.5 Significance of Anechoic Recording with High Sampling Rate ............................ 15 2.6 Calculating Muzzle Blast Duration ........................................................................ 18 3. METHODOLOGIES .................................................................................................... 21 3.1 Test Rig .................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 Recording System .................................................................................................... 25 3.2.1 Microphone Sensitivity ................................................................................... 27 3.3 Selection of Firearms ............................................................................................... 28 3.4 Determining the Muzzle Blast Duration .................................................................. 29 3.4.1 Muzzle Blast Duration by Waveform Observation ........................................ 29 3.4.2 Muzzle Blast Duration by Energy Accumulation ........................................... 29 3.5 Determining the Positioning of the Firearm for Each Shot ..................................... 30 3.6 Methodology Used for Calculating Acoustical Power from a Single Shot ............. 35 3.7 Correlation between Signals .................................................................................... 37 3.8 Comparing Experimental Recording with Real Life Gunshot Recordings ............. 38 3.9 Prediction of Gunshot Signal at a Particular Direction ............................................ 40 4. RESULTS ..................................................................................................................... 49 4.1 Colt 1911A1 (45 ACP) ............................................................................................ 43 4.1.1 Muzzle Blast Pressure Variation for Colt 1911A1 (45 ACP) ......................... 44 4.1.2 Position of the Firearm during 10 Shots of Colt 1911A1 (45 ACP) ............... 45 4.1.3 Muzzle Blast Duration of Colt 1911A1 (45 ACP).......................................... 46 4.1.4 Total Acoustic Energy Variation for Successive Shots of Colt 1911A1 (45 ACP) ................................................................................... 48 4.2 Glock 19 ................................................................................................................... 49 4.2.1Muzzle Blast Peak Pressure ............................................................................. 50 4.2.2 Position of the Firearm During 10 Shots of Glock 19/ 135JHP ..................... 51 4.2.3 Muzzle Blast Duration .................................................................................... 59 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED 4.2.4 Total Energy Variation from One Shot to Another ........................................ 53 4.3 Glock 23 ................................................................................................................... 54 4.3.1Muzzle Blast Peak Pressure ............................................................................. 55 4.3.1 Position of the Firearm during 10 Shots of Glock 23 ..................................... 56 4.3.2 Muzzle Blast Duration .................................................................................... 56 4.3.3Total Energy Variation from One Shot to Another for Glock 23 .................... 57 4.4 Sig 239 ..................................................................................................................... 59 4.4.1Muzzle Blast Peak Pressure of Sig 239 with 165 Gr Winchester Bullets .............................................................................. 69 4.4.2 Position of the Firearm during 10 Shots of Sig 239........................................ 69 4.4.3 Muzzle Blast Duration .................................................................................... 70 4.4.4 Total Energy Variation from One Shot to Another......................................... 72 4.5 Surgeon/AI ............................................................................................................... 64 4.5.1 Muzzle Blast Peak Pressure of Surgeon Rifle with 175 Gr Sierra Matchking® .................................................................................................... 65 4.5.2 Position of the Firearm during 10 Shots of Winchester 0.308 Caliber Rifle .......................................................................................... 65 4.5.3 Muzzle Blast Duration .................................................................................... 66 4.5.4 Total Energy Variation from One Shot to Another ........................................ 68 4.6 Stag Arms AR15 ...................................................................................................... 69 4.6.1 Muzzle Blast Peak Pressure of AR15 with 62 Gr Lake City .......................... 70 4.6.2 Position of The Firearm during 10 Shots of AR 15 Rifle ............................... 71 4.6.3 Muzzle Blast Duration .................................................................................... 72 4.6.3 Total Energy Variation from One Shot to Another ........................................ 74 4.7 CZ 452 (Ceska Zbrojovka) (.22 caliber) .................................................................. 75 4.7.1Muzzle Blast Peak Pressure ............................................................................. 76 4.7.2 Position of the Firearm during 10 Shots of 0.22 Caliber Long Rifle .......................................................................................... 77 4.7.3 Muzzle Blast Duration .................................................................................... 77 4.7.4 Total Energy Emission from 0.22LR .............................................................. 78 4.8 Ruger SP 101 .......................................................................................................... 89 4.8.1 Muzzle Blast Peak Pressure of Ruger SP 101 with 0.38mm Caliber Ammunition…………………………………………………………80 4.8.2 Position of the Firearm during 10 Shots of Ruger SP101 with 0.38 Caliber ............................................................................................. 81 4.8.3 Muzzle Blast Duration .................................................................................... 82 4.8.4 Total Energy Variation for Different Shots .................................................... 84 4.9 Ruger SP101 with 357 Magnums Ammunition ....................................................... 85 4.9.1 Muzzle Blast Peak Pressure of Ruger SP 101 with 0.357 inch Caliber Ammunition………………………………………..........86 4.9.2 Position of the Firearm During 10 Shots of Ruger SP101 with 0.38 caliber .............................................................................................
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    Lone Star Defense & Arms, LLC CONSIGNMENT SELECTION Houston’s Finest Selection of Pre-Owned, Gently Used and New firearms! SEMI-AUTO PISTOLS USED - AMT LIGHTNING (.22LR) Custom Stainless Steel Target Pistol - RARE $325 USED - Beretta PX4 STORM (9mm) Sub-Compact w/ 2 Mags & Factory Case $399 USED - Beretta PX4 STORM (9mm) Full Size w/ THREE Magazines & Factory Case $399 USED - Colt 1911 LW (.45 ACP) BLUED w/ G10 VZ and Original Grips and TWO MAGS $899 USED - Colt GOVERNMENT RAIL GUN (.45 ACP) Bi-Tone w/ HOGUE & WALNUT Grips $850 USED - CZ-USA P-09 (9mm) w/ THREE Mags w/ Decocker & Luminescent Sights $425 USED - CZ-USA 2075 RAMI (9mm) w/ FOUR OEM Magazines & Case $525 USED - CZ-USA 75 P-01 (9mm) w/ TWO Magazines, Custom Kydex Holster & Case $550 USED - FNH-USA FNS-9 (9mm) STAINLESS w/ Three Mags, Backstraps & OEM Case $399 USED - FNH-USA FNX-45 (9mm) FDE w/ Three Mags & OEM Case $499 USED - Glock 26 GEN 4 (9mm) Three Magazines & Original CASE – Excellent Condition $399 USED - Glock 21 GEN 4 (9mm) Three Magazines, Backstraps, OEM Case – LIKE NEW $475 USED - Glock 34 GEN 4 (9mm) Three Mags, Truglo TFX Pro Night Sights & CASE $499 USED - Glock 17 GEN 5 MOS (9mm) Three Mags, Optics Ready, Case – NEVER FIRED $525 USED - Glock 19 GEN 3 (9mm) LONEWOLF Stainless Threaded BBL & Brownell’s Upper $575 USED - Glock 43 CUSTOM (9mm) LOKI Slide, Blacklist Barrel, 5B Stipple, & Much More! $675 USED - Hi-Point C9 (9mm) Compact - Black Finish w/ One Magazine and OEM Box $99 USED - Les Baer Custom TR SPECIAL 1911 (.45 ACP) THUNDER RANCH w/ 2 Mags $1,899 USED - Para Ordnance 1911 SSP (.45 ACP) BLUED w/ Hardwood Grips and Stainless Parts $750 USED - Randall COMBAT 1911 (.45 ACP) CUSTOM 1911 Stainless w/ 1 Magazine $950 USED - Rock Island XTM22 1911 (.22WMR) 2 Mags w/ Custom Marine Corp G10 Grips $399 USED - Ruger MK III HUNTER TARGET (.22LR) 7” STAINLESS w/ G10 Grips & Red Dot $299 USED - Sig Sauer P238 (.380 ACP) w/ LASER & NIGHT SIGHTS, 1 Magazine & Case $450 Consignment items are CASH ONLY* *Credit/Debit Card Purchases will lose the 3.5% cash discount & WILL incur sales tax.
  • CATALOG: 2011 Telephone : (800) 442-2406 Facsimile: (503) 783-5334 81-9260 10/10 NEW

    CATALOG: 2011 Telephone : (800) 442-2406 Facsimile: (503) 783-5334 81-9260 10/10 NEW

    CRIMSON TRACE HEADQUARTERS 9780 Southwest Freeman Drive Wilsonville, Oregon 97070 CATALOG: 2011 Telephone : (800) 442-2406 Facsimile: (503) 783-5334 81-9260 10/10 NEW. LIGHTGUARD™ PRODUCTS The innovative line of Lightguard products gives you an instinctively activated white light option in an amazingly slim profile. See page 05. NEW. PRO-CUSTOM LASERGRIPS® NEW. PRO-CUSTOM LASERGRIPS® IN YOUR HANDS IS A COLLECTION OF THE FINEST LASER SIGHTING SYSTEMS IN The growing line of Pro-Custom 1911 grips. See page 09. First Pro-Custom for the Smith & Wesson J-Frame. See page 20. ® THE WORLD. TAKE YOUR TIME. BROWSE THROUGH. DETERMINE WHICH OF OUR NEW. LASERGUARD PRODUCTS CRIMSON TRACE PRODUCTS ARE THE BEST COMPLIMENT FOR YOUR FIREARM — WE’LL HELP MAKE YOU A BETTER AND MORE CONFIDENT SHOOTER. CONTENTS NEW PRODUCTS . 03 LIGHTGUARD ™ . 04 - 05 LASERGRIPS ® . 06 - 23 SEMI-AUTOMATICS . 08 - 16 Five models fuel more growth for the Laserguard line. Including solutions for Ruger SR9c, Taurus TCP, HK45C, Diamondback DB380 and Taurus Slim. See page 24. REVOLVERS . 18 - 22 HOLSTERS . 23 MODULAR VERTICAL FOREGRIPS . 30 - 33 CRIMSON TRACE LIGHTS UP 2011 WITH A NEW PLATFORM: RETAIL TOOLS . 34 HONORED SIX YEARS RUNNING. MEDIA TOOLS . 35 LIGHTGUARD. NOW AVAILABLE FOR SELECT POPULAR FULL- CRIMSON TRACE ONLINE . 36 Year after year Crimson Trace ® has TECHNOLOGY & TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS . 37 SIZE POLYMER SEMIS, LIGHTGUARD PUTS A WHITE TACTICAL INDEX . 38 garnered awards from the firearms CUSTOMER SERVICE & WARRANTY . 39 LIGHT IN FRONT OF THE LASERGRIPS IN A SAFE, SLEEK industry’s prestigious Academy FIFTEEN KEY QUESTIONS . 40 of Excellence. It’s the industry’s FIT GUIDE .