Quantum Frontiers Report on Community Input to the Nation's Strategy for Quantum Information Science
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Theory and Application of Fermi Pseudo-Potential in One Dimension
Theory and application of Fermi pseudo-potential in one dimension The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Wu, Tai Tsun, and Ming Lun Yu. 2002. “Theory and Application of Fermi Pseudo-Potential in One Dimension.” Journal of Mathematical Physics 43 (12): 5949–76. https:// doi.org/10.1063/1.1519940. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41555821 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA CERN-TH/2002-097 Theory and application of Fermi pseudo-potential in one dimension Tai Tsun Wu Gordon McKay Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A., and Theoretical Physics Division, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland and Ming Lun Yu 41019 Pajaro Drive, Fremont, California, U.S.A.∗ Abstract The theory of interaction at one point is developed for the one-dimensional Schr¨odinger equation. In analog with the three-dimensional case, the resulting interaction is referred to as the Fermi pseudo-potential. The dominant feature of this one-dimensional problem comes from the fact that the real line becomes disconnected when one point is removed. The general interaction at one point is found to be the sum of three terms, the well-known delta-function potential arXiv:math-ph/0208030v1 21 Aug 2002 and two Fermi pseudo-potentials, one odd under space reflection and the other even. -
Quantum Imaging for Semiconductor Industry
Quantum Imaging for Semiconductor Industry Anna V. Paterova1,*, Hongzhi Yang1, Zi S. D. Toa1, Leonid A. Krivitsky1, ** 1Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138634 Singapore *[email protected] **[email protected] Abstract Infrared (IR) imaging is one of the significant tools for the quality control measurements of fabricated samples. Standard IR imaging techniques use direct measurements, where light sources and detectors operate at IR range. Due to the limited choices of IR light sources or detectors, challenges in reaching specific IR wavelengths may arise. In our work, we perform indirect IR microscopy based on the quantum imaging technique. This method allows us to probe the sample with IR light, while the detection is shifted into the visible or near-IR range. Thus, we demonstrate IR quantum imaging of the silicon chips at different magnifications, wherein a sample is probed at 1550 nm wavelength, but the detection is performed at 810 nm. We also analyze the possible measurement conditions of the technique and estimate the time needed to perform quality control checks of samples. Infrared (IR) metrology plays a significant role in areas ranging from biological imaging1-5 to materials characterisation6 and microelectronics7. For example, the semiconductor industry utilizes IR radiation for non-destructive microscopy of silicon-based devices. However, IR optical components, such as synchrotrons8, quantum cascade lasers, and HgCdTe (also known as MCT) photodetectors, are expensive. Some of these components, in order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, may require cryogenic cooling, which further increases costs over the operational lifetime. -
What Is Quantum Information?
What Is Quantum Information? Robert B. Griffiths Carnegie-Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Research supported by the National Science Foundation References (work by R. B. Griffiths) • \Nature and location of quantum information." Ph◦ys. Rev. A 66 (2002) 012311; quant-ph/0203058 \Channel kets, entangled states, and the location of quan◦ tum information," Phys. Rev. A 71 (2005) 042337; quant-ph/0409106 Consistent Quantum Theory (Cambridge 2002) http://quan◦ tum.phys.cmu.edu/ What Is Quantum Information? 01. 100.01.tex Introduction What is quantum information? Precede by: • What is information? ◦ What is classical information theory? ◦ What is information? Example, newspaper • Symbolic representation of some situation ◦ Symbols in newspaper correlated with situation ◦ Information is about that situation ◦ What Is Quantum Information? 04. 100.04.tex Classical Information Theory Shannon: • \Mathematical Theory of Communication" (1948) ◦ One of major scientific developments of 20th century ◦ Proposed quantitative measure of information ◦ Information entropy • H(X) = p log p − X i i i Logarithmic measure of missing information ◦ Probabilistic model: pi are probabilities ◦ Applies to classical (macroscopic)f g signals ◦ Coding theorem: Bound on rate of transmission of information• through noisy channel What Is Quantum Information? 05. 100.05.tex Quantum Information Theory (QIT) Goal of QIT: \Quantize Shannon" • Extend Shannon's ideas to domain where quantum effects◦ are important Find quantum counterpart of H(X) ◦ We live in a quantum world, so • QIT should be the fundamental info theory ◦ Classical theory should emerge from QIT ◦ Analogy: relativity theory Newton for v c ◦ ! What Is Quantum Information? 06. 100.06.tex QIT: Current Status Enormous number of published papers • Does activity = understanding? ◦ Some topics of current interest: • Entanglement ◦ Quantum channels ◦ Error correction ◦ Quantum computation ◦ Decoherence ◦ Unifying principles have yet to emerge • At least, they are not yet widely recognized ◦ What Is Quantum Information? 07. -
Glossary Physics (I-Introduction)
1 Glossary Physics (I-introduction) - Efficiency: The percent of the work put into a machine that is converted into useful work output; = work done / energy used [-]. = eta In machines: The work output of any machine cannot exceed the work input (<=100%); in an ideal machine, where no energy is transformed into heat: work(input) = work(output), =100%. Energy: The property of a system that enables it to do work. Conservation o. E.: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes. Equilibrium: The state of an object when not acted upon by a net force or net torque; an object in equilibrium may be at rest or moving at uniform velocity - not accelerating. Mechanical E.: The state of an object or system of objects for which any impressed forces cancels to zero and no acceleration occurs. Dynamic E.: Object is moving without experiencing acceleration. Static E.: Object is at rest.F Force: The influence that can cause an object to be accelerated or retarded; is always in the direction of the net force, hence a vector quantity; the four elementary forces are: Electromagnetic F.: Is an attraction or repulsion G, gravit. const.6.672E-11[Nm2/kg2] between electric charges: d, distance [m] 2 2 2 2 F = 1/(40) (q1q2/d ) [(CC/m )(Nm /C )] = [N] m,M, mass [kg] Gravitational F.: Is a mutual attraction between all masses: q, charge [As] [C] 2 2 2 2 F = GmM/d [Nm /kg kg 1/m ] = [N] 0, dielectric constant Strong F.: (nuclear force) Acts within the nuclei of atoms: 8.854E-12 [C2/Nm2] [F/m] 2 2 2 2 2 F = 1/(40) (e /d ) [(CC/m )(Nm /C )] = [N] , 3.14 [-] Weak F.: Manifests itself in special reactions among elementary e, 1.60210 E-19 [As] [C] particles, such as the reaction that occur in radioactive decay. -
Programm 5 Layout 1
SPONSORS Pauli Center for Theoretical Studies QAP European Project PAULI CENTER for Theoretical Studies Sandia National Laboratories The Swiss National Science Foundation Institute for Quantum Computing ETH Zurich (Computer Science and Physics Department) id Quantique Quantum Science and Technology (ETH) CQT Singapore VENUE W-LAN ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, CH-8092 Zürich 1. Check available WLAN’s Main building / Hauptgebäude 2. Connect to WLAN „public“ Conference Helpline 0041 (0)79 770 84 29 3. Open browser 4.Login at welcome page with Login: qip2010 Password: 2010qipconf Main entrance FLOOR E Registration/Information desk Poster session Computer room E 26.3 Main entrance Registration desk Information Computer room E 26.3 Poster session 1 FLOOR E. 0 Poster session FLOOR F Auditorium F 5: Tutorial (January 15 – 17, 2010) Auditorium maximum F 30: Scientific programme (January 18 – 22, 2010) F 33.1: Congress-Office, F 33.2: Cloak room Foyer and “Uhrenhalle”: Coffee breaks, Poster session Auditorium Maximum F 30 Scientific programmme January 18 – 22, 2010 F 33.1: Congress-Office Foyer: F 33.2 Cloak room Coffee breaks Poster session Auditorium F 5 Tutorial January 15 – 17, 2010 Uhrenhalle: Coffee breaks 2 RUMP SESSION StuZ, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 6, CH-8092 Zürich CAB Building room No. CAB F21 to CAB F27 18.30 – 23.00 h (January 20, 2010) Entry ETH CAB Building ETH Main Building 3 CONFERENCE DINNER Thursday, January 21, 2010, 19.00h Restaurant Lake Side Bellerivestrasse 170 CH-8008 Zürich Phone: +41 (0) 44 385 86 00 Directions from ETH main building • (Tram No. 9 to “Bellevue” (direction “Triemli”). -
Key Concepts for Future QIS Learners Workshop Output Published Online May 13, 2020
Key Concepts for Future QIS Learners Workshop output published online May 13, 2020 Background and Overview On behalf of the Interagency Working Group on Workforce, Industry and Infrastructure, under the NSTC Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science (QIS), the National Science Foundation invited 25 researchers and educators to come together to deliberate on defining a core set of key concepts for future QIS learners that could provide a starting point for further curricular and educator development activities. The deliberative group included university and industry researchers, secondary school and college educators, and representatives from educational and professional organizations. The workshop participants focused on identifying concepts that could, with additional supporting resources, help prepare secondary school students to engage with QIS and provide possible pathways for broader public engagement. This workshop report identifies a set of nine Key Concepts. Each Concept is introduced with a concise overall statement, followed by a few important fundamentals. Connections to current and future technologies are included, providing relevance and context. The first Key Concept defines the field as a whole. Concepts 2-6 introduce ideas that are necessary for building an understanding of quantum information science and its applications. Concepts 7-9 provide short explanations of critical areas of study within QIS: quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum sensing. The Key Concepts are not intended to be an introductory guide to quantum information science, but rather provide a framework for future expansion and adaptation for students at different levels in computer science, mathematics, physics, and chemistry courses. As such, it is expected that educators and other community stakeholders may not yet have a working knowledge of content covered in the Key Concepts. -
Quantum Communication, Sensing and Measurement in Space
Quantum Communication, Sensing and Measurement in Space Study start date: June 25, 2012 Study end date: December 14, 2012 Final Report submission date: December 14, 2012 Team Leads: Baris I. Erkmen Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology [email protected] Jeffrey H. Shapiro Massachusetts Institute of Technology [email protected] Keith Schwab California Institute of Technology [email protected] © 2012. All rights reserved. 2 Core Participants of Study Program and Co-authors Name Affiliation E-mail 1 Adhikari, Rana California Institute of [email protected] Technology 2 Aspelmeyer, University of Vienna [email protected] Markus 3 Baumgartel, University of Southern [email protected] Lukas California 4 Birnbaum, Kevin Jet Propulsion [email protected] Laboratory 5 Boroson, Don MIT Lincoln Laboratory [email protected] 6 Caves, Carlton University of New [email protected] Mexico 7 Chen, Yanbei California Institute of [email protected] Technology 8 Combes, Joshua University of New [email protected] Mexico 9 Dixon, Ben Massachusetts [email protected] Institute of Technology 10 Dolinar, Sam Jet Propulsion [email protected] Laboratory 11 Durkin, Gabriel NASA Ames Research [email protected] Center 12 Erkmen, Baris Jet Propulsion [email protected] Laboratory 13 Giovannetti, Scuola Normale [email protected] Vittorio Superiore 14 Guha, Saikat Raytheon BBN [email protected] Technologies 15 Hindi, Munther NASA SCaN/ASRC [email protected] 16 Hughes, Richard Los Alamos -
Quantum Field Theory*
Quantum Field Theory y Frank Wilczek Institute for Advanced Study, School of Natural Science, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 I discuss the general principles underlying quantum eld theory, and attempt to identify its most profound consequences. The deep est of these consequences result from the in nite number of degrees of freedom invoked to implement lo cality.Imention a few of its most striking successes, b oth achieved and prosp ective. Possible limitation s of quantum eld theory are viewed in the light of its history. I. SURVEY Quantum eld theory is the framework in which the regnant theories of the electroweak and strong interactions, which together form the Standard Mo del, are formulated. Quantum electro dynamics (QED), b esides providing a com- plete foundation for atomic physics and chemistry, has supp orted calculations of physical quantities with unparalleled precision. The exp erimentally measured value of the magnetic dip ole moment of the muon, 11 (g 2) = 233 184 600 (1680) 10 ; (1) exp: for example, should b e compared with the theoretical prediction 11 (g 2) = 233 183 478 (308) 10 : (2) theor: In quantum chromo dynamics (QCD) we cannot, for the forseeable future, aspire to to comparable accuracy.Yet QCD provides di erent, and at least equally impressive, evidence for the validity of the basic principles of quantum eld theory. Indeed, b ecause in QCD the interactions are stronger, QCD manifests a wider variety of phenomena characteristic of quantum eld theory. These include esp ecially running of the e ective coupling with distance or energy scale and the phenomenon of con nement. -
Negative Frequency at the Horizon Theoretical Study and Experimental Realisation of Analogue Gravity Physics in Dispersive Optical Media Springer Theses
Springer Theses Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research Maxime J. Jacquet Negative Frequency at the Horizon Theoretical Study and Experimental Realisation of Analogue Gravity Physics in Dispersive Optical Media Springer Theses Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research Aims and Scope The series “Springer Theses” brings together a selection of the very best Ph.D. theses from around the world and across the physical sciences. Nominated and endorsed by two recognized specialists, each published volume has been selected for its scientific excellence and the high impact of its contents for the pertinent field of research. For greater accessibility to non-specialists, the published versions include an extended introduction, as well as a foreword by the student’s supervisor explaining the special relevance of the work for the field. As a whole, the series will provide a valuable resource both for newcomers to the research fields described, and for other scientists seeking detailed background information on special questions. Finally, it provides an accredited documentation of the valuable contributions made by today’s younger generation of scientists. Theses are accepted into the series by invited nomination only and must fulfill all of the following criteria • They must be written in good English. • The topic should fall within the confines of Chemistry, Physics, Earth Sciences, Engineering and related interdisciplinary fields such as Materials, Nanoscience, Chemical Engineering, Complex Systems and Biophysics. • The work reported in the thesis must represent a significant scientific advance. • If the thesis includes previously published material, permission to reproduce this must be gained from the respective copyright holder. • They must have been examined and passed during the 12 months prior to nomination. -
Quantum Metrology with Bose-Einstein Condensates
Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy SCHOOL OF PHYSICS & ASTRONOMY Quantum metrology with Bose-Einstein condensates Jessica Jane Cooper March 2011 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own, except where work which has formed part of jointly-authored publications has been included. The contribution of the candidate and the other authors to this work has been explicitly indicated below. The candidate confirms that the appropriate credit has been given within the thesis where reference has been made to the work of others. Several chapters within this thesis are based on work from jointly-authored publi- cations as detailed below: Chapter 5 - Based on work published in Journal of Physics B 42 105301 titled ‘Scheme for implementing atomic multiport devices’. This work was completed with my supervisor Jacob Dunningham and a postdoctoral researcher David Hallwood. Chapter 6 - Based on work published in Physical Review A 81 043624 titled ‘Entan- glement enhanced atomic gyroscope’. Again, this work was completed with Jacob Dunningham and David Hallwood. Chapter 7 - The research presented in this chapter has recently been added to a pre-print server [arxiv:1101.3852] and will be soon submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. It is titled ‘Robust Heisenberg limited phase measurements using a multi- mode Hilbert space’ and was completed during a visit to Massey University where I collaborated with David Hallwood and his current supervisor Joachim Brand. Chapter 8 - Based on work completed with Jacob Dunningham which has recently been submitted to New Journal of Physics. It is titled ‘Towards improved interfer- ometric sensitivities in the presence of loss’. -
A Paradox Regarding Monogamy of Entanglement
A paradox regarding monogamy of entanglement Anna Karlsson1;2 1Institute for Advanced Study, School of Natural Sciences 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA 2Division of Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden Abstract In density matrix theory, entanglement is monogamous. However, we show that qubits can be arbitrarily entangled in a different, recently constructed model of qubit entanglement [1]. We illustrate the differences between these two models, analyse how the density matrix property of monogamy of entanglement originates in assumptions of classical correlations in the construc- tion of that model, and explain the counterexample to monogamy in the alternative model. We conclude that monogamy of entanglement is a theoretical assumption, not necessarily a phys- ical property, and discuss how contemporary theory relies on that assumption. The properties of entanglement entropy are very different in the two models — a priori, the entropy in the alternative model is classical. arXiv:1911.09226v2 [hep-th] 7 Feb 2020 Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Indications of a presence of general entanglement . .2 1.2 Non-signalling and detection of general entanglement . .3 1.3 Summary and overview . .4 2 Analysis of the partial trace 5 3 A counterexample to monogamy of entanglement 5 4 Implications for entangled systems 7 A More details on the different correlation models 9 B Entropy in the orthogonal information model 11 C Correlations vs entanglement: a tolerance for deviations 14 1 Introduction The topic of this article is how to accurately model quantum correlations. In quantum theory, quan- tum systems are currently modelled by density matrices (ρ) and entanglement is recognized to be monogamous [2]. -
Quantum Information Science and the Technology Frontier Jake Taylor February 5Th, 2020
Quantum Information Science and the Technology Frontier Jake Taylor February 5th, 2020 Office of Science and Technology Policy www.whitehouse.gov/ostp www.ostp.gov @WHOSTP Photo credit: Lloyd Whitman The National Quantum Initiative Signed Dec 21, 2018 11 years of sustained effort DOE: new centers working with the labs, new programs NSF: new academic centers NIST: industrial consortium, expand core programs Coordination: NSTC combined with a National Coordination Office and an external Advisory committee 2 National Science and Technology Council • Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science (SCQIS) • DoE, NSF, NIST co-chairs • Coordinates NQI, other research activities • Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science (ESIX) • DoD, DoE, NSA co-chairs • Civilian, IC, Defense conversation space 3 Policy Recommendations • Focus on a science-first approach that aims to identify and solve Grand Challenges: problems whose solutions enable transformative scientific and industrial progress; • Build a quantum-smart and diverse workforce to meet the needs of a growing field; • Encourage industry engagement, providing appropriate mechanisms for public-private partnerships; • Provide the key infrastructure and support needed to realize the scientific and technological opportunities; • Drive economic growth; • Maintain national security; and • Continue to develop international collaboration and cooperation. 4 Quantum Sensing Accuracy via physical law New modalities of measurement Concept: atoms are indistinguishable. Use Challenge: measuring inside the body. Use this to create time standards, enables quantum behavior of individual nuclei to global navigation. image magnetic resonances (MRI) Concept: speed of light is constant. Use this Challenge: estimating length limited by ‘shot to measure distance using a time standard. noise’ (individual photons!).