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Research Article Chemical, Bioactive, and Antioxidant Potential of Twenty Wild Culinary Mushroom Species
Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 346508, 12 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/346508 Research Article Chemical, Bioactive, and Antioxidant Potential of Twenty Wild Culinary Mushroom Species S. K. Sharma1 and N. Gautam2 1 Department of Plant Pathology, CSK, Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur 176 062, India 2Centre for Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India Correspondence should be addressed to N. Gautam; [email protected] Received 8 May 2015; Accepted 11 June 2015 Academic Editor: Miroslav Pohanka Copyright © 2015 S. K. Sharma and N. Gautam. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The chemical, bioactive, and antioxidant potential of twenty wild culinary mushroom species being consumed by the peopleof northern Himalayan regions has been evaluated for the first time in the present study. Nutrients analyzed include protein, crude fat, fibres, carbohydrates, and monosaccharides. Besides, preliminary study on the detection of toxic compounds was done on these species. Bioactive compounds evaluated are fatty acids, amino acids, tocopherol content, carotenoids (-carotene, lycopene), flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanidins. Fruitbodies extract of all the species was tested for different types of antioxidant assays. Although differences were observed in the net values of individual species all the species were found to be rich in protein, and carbohydrates and low in fat. Glucose was found to be the major monosaccharide. Predominance of UFA (65–70%) over SFA (30–35%) was observed in all the species with considerable amounts of other bioactive compounds. -
Hymenomycetes from Multan District
Pak. J. Bot., 39(2): 651-657, 2007. HYMENOMYCETES FROM MULTAN DISTRICT KISHWAR SULTANA, MISBAH GUL*, SYEDA SIDDIQA FIRDOUS* AND REHANA ASGHAR* Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, Islamabad, Pakistan. *Department of Botany, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Author for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Twenty samples of mushroom and toadstools (Hymenomycetes) were collected from Multan district during July-October 2003. Twelve species belonging to 8 genera of class Basidiomycetes were recorded for the 1st time from Multan: Albatrellus caeruleoporus (Peck.) Pauzar, Agaricus arvensis Sch., Agaricus semotus Fr., Agaricus silvaticus Schaef., Coprinus comatus (Muell. ex. Fr.), S.F. Gray, Hypholoma marginatum (Pers.) Schroet., Hypholoma radicosum Lange., Marasmiellus omphaloides (Berk.) Singer, Panaeolus fimicola (Pers. ex. Fr.) Quel., Psathyrella candolleana (Fr.) Maire, Psathyrella artemisiae (Pass.) K. M. and Podaxis pistilaris (L. ex. Pers.) Fr. Seven of these species are edible or of medicinal value. Introduction Multan lies between north latitude 29’-22’ and 30’-45’ and east longitude 71’-4’ and 72’ 4’55. It is located in a bend created by five confluent rivers. It is about 215 meters (740 feet) above sea level. The mean rainfall of the area surveyed is 125mm in the Southwest and 150 mm in the Northeast. The hottest months are May and June with the mean temperature ranging from 107°F to 109°F, while mean temperature of Multan from July to October is 104°F. The mean rainfall from July to October is 18 mm. The soils are moderately calcareous with pH ranging from 8.2 to 8.4. -
Wood Chip Fungi: Agrocybe Putaminum in the San Francisco Bay Area
Wood Chip Fungi: Agrocybe putaminum in the San Francisco Bay Area Else C. Vellinga Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley CA 94720-3102 [email protected] Abstract Agrocybe putaminum was found growing on wood chips in central coastal California; this appears to be the first record for North America. A short description of the species is given. Its habitat plus the characteristics of wood chip denizens are discussed. Wood chips are the fast food of the fungal world. The desir- able wood is exposed, there is a lot of it, and often the supply is replenished regularly. It is an especially good habitat for mush- room species that like it hot because a thick layer of wood chips is warmed relative to the surrounding environment by the activity of bacteria and microscopic fungi (Brown, 2003; Van den Berg and Vellinga, 1998). Thirty years ago wood chips were a rarity, but nowadays they are widely used in landscaping and gardening. A good layer of chips prevents weeds from germinating and taking over, which means less maintenance and lower costs. Chips also diminish evaporation and keep moisture in the soil. Trees and shrubs are often shredded and dumped locally, but there is also long-dis- tance transport of these little tidbits. Barges full of wood mulch cruise the Mississippi River, and trucks carry the mulch from city to city. This fast food sustains a steady stream of wood chip fungi that, as soon as they are established, fruit in large flushes and are suddenly everywhere. The fungi behave a bit like morels after a Figure 1. -
Naturstoffe Im Chemieunterricht: Chemie Mit Pilzen
Neue experimentelle Designs zum Thema Naturstoffe im Chemieunterricht: Chemie mit Pilzen DISS,RTATI.N 0ur ,rlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium 1Dr. rer. nat.2 vorgelegt dem Rat der Chemisch -Geowissenschaftlichen Fakultt der Friedrich-Schiller-Universitt Jena von Jan-Markus Teuscher ge oren am 11.08.1972 in (arl-Mar)-Stadt Gutachter: 1: Prof. Dr. Volker Woest, Arbeitsgruppe Chemiedidaktik 2: Dr. Dieter Weiß, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie Tag der öffentlichen Verteidigung: 25.05.2011 Inhaltsverzeichnis S e i t e 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis ............................................................................................................. 5 Tabellenverzeichnis .................................................................................................................. 5 1 Einleitung und Zielsetzung ................................................................................................. 7 2 Biologische Grundlage ....................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Betrachtung der Pilze im Wandel der Zeit .................................................................. 9 2.1.1 Vorgeschichtliche Zeit ......................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 Europäisches Altertum – Anfänge der Naturwissenschaft ................................... 9 2.1.3 Mittelalterliche Scholastik ................................................................................. -
Trail Key to Common Agaricus Species of the Central California Coast
Trial Key to Common Agaricus Species of the Central California Coast* By Fred Stevens A. Cap and stipe lacking color changes when cut or bruised, odors not distinctive; not yellowing with KOH (3% potassium hydroxide). Also keyed out here are three species with faint or atypical color reactions: Agaricus hondensis and A. californicus which yellow faintly when bruised or with KOH, and Agaricus subrutilescens, which has a cap context that turns greenish with KOH. ......................Key A AA. Cap and stipe flesh reddening or yellowing when bruised or injured, the yellowing reaction enhanced with KOH; odors variable from that of anise, phenol, brine, to that of “mushrooms.” ........ B B. Cap and stipe context reddish-brown, orange-brown to pinkish- brown when cut or injured; not yellowing in KOH with one exception: the cap and context of Agaricus arorae, turns pinkish-brown when cut, but also yellows faintly with KOH, this species is also keyed out here. ...Key B BB. Cap and stipe yellowing when bruised, either rapidly or slowly; yellowing also with KOH; odor either pleasant of anise or almonds, or unpleasant, like that of phenol ............................... C C. Cap margin and/or stipe base yellowing rapidly when bruised, but soon fading; odor unpleasant, phenolic or like that of library paste; yellowing reaction enhanced with KOH, but not strong in Agaricus hondensis and A. californicus; .........................Key C CC. Cap and stipe yellowing slowly when bruised, the color change persistent; odor pleasant: of anise, almonds, or “old baked goods;” also yellowing with KOH; .............................. Key D 1 Key A – Species lacking obvious color changes and distinctive odors A. -
Fungi of National Park Mavrovo
Project “Protection, Economic Development and Promotion of Eco Tourism in Mavrovo National Park” Fungi of National Park Mavrovo Final Report Mitko Karadelev Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia 1 Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Review of Fungi Research in the Area 5 3. Inventory of Fungi Species in Mavrovo NP 7 3.1. Fungi Species from Mavrovo NP on European Fungi Red List 8 3.2. Fungi Species from Mavrovo NP on Preliminary Red List of Macedonia 14 3.3. Threatened Fungi Species from Mavrovo NP - Candidates for Listing in Appendix I of the Bern Convention 17 3.4. Threatened Fungi Species Included in ECCF Atlas of 50 Threatened European Species 18 3.5. Macrofungi Known Only from Mavrovo NP in Macedonia 20 3.6. New Fungi Species for Macedonia Recorded for the First Time from Mavrovo NP in 2009-2010 22 3.7. Species from Mavrovo NP with Globally Significant Status 29 3.8. Key Species from Mavrovo NP 30 4. Species and Habitat Analysis 34 4.1. Edible and Toxic Species in MNR 42 5. Conservation Problems 46 5.1. Gaps in Knowledge of Macromycetes 46 5.2. Fragility 47 6. Protection Measures 47 7. Prime Mushroom Areas 49 8. Recommendations 54 9. References 55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Annex I: List of Published Fungi Species from MNP Annex II: Full List of Recorded Fungi Species from MNP Annex III: List of New Species for MNP (Project Results) Annex IV: List of Edible and Poisonous Fungi in MNP Annex V: List of New Species for MK 2 1. -
Australia's Fungi Mapping Scheme
December 2018 AUSTRALIA’S FUNGI MAPPING SCHEME Coordinator’s report 1 Contacting Fungimap & Fungimap Committee 2 President’s Report 3 Farewell from Tom May 4 Tom May, Immediate Past President of Fungimap – Thank you 5 Articles: Please don’t pick your ears! 7 Putting a Tea-tree finger on the pulse of fungi conservation 8 Failure can be fun 10 Funding for Amanita taxonomy 12 Weird forms of mushrooms 13 A mass fruiting of Podaxis pistillaris in WA 14 Book Review: Leaf Litter 15 Multicultural 16 Fungi - a poem 17 Records 18 Acknowledgements 19 Coordinator’s report Sapphire McMullan-Fisher You may have noticed some changes to Fungimap recently. In April, Fungimap Committee member Lyn Allison, with the assistance of Susanna Duffy, updated our entire website which had been ailing since 2016. I hope you are enjoying the new look and finding the new content in the form of posts a good way to stay in touch with us. We are also highlighting this new content by linking to it in our monthly eNews. Members are automatically joined up to the eNews, but we are happy to have anyone else join too. The other big change is that we have a new President. Roz Hart has taken over from Tom May who has been in that position since 2005. In this Newsletter, Roz introduces herself and her hopes for Fungimap. I am sure we will all miss Tom in the role, but we are delighted he will still be involved as part of the ID team and be able to focus on working with Pam Catcheside and Sarah Lloyd in finishing the long-awaited second edition of Fungi Down Under. -
11 Edible Mushrooms in the U.S. (And How to Tell They're Not Toxic
11/29/2019 11 Edible Mushrooms in the US (And How to Tell They're Not Toxic) 11 Edible Mushrooms in the U.S. (And How to Tell They’re Not Toxic Lookalikes) December 4, 2018 | Kayla Fratt Mushroom hunting is a rewarding way to get outside and learn more about nature. There are many different edible mushrooms in the United States, including tasty chanterelles and morels. Mushroom hunting can also be quite dangerous – many mushrooms are very similar in appearance. It’s easy to accidentally gather the wrong mushrooms, with devastating (or even deadly) consequences. When in doubt, throw the mushrooms 2 out. It’s best to learn about mushroom hunting and identication from an expert (or at least a detailed mushroom guidebook). Don’t just skim through a few photos and go out to sample the ‘shrooms – be thorough about your research into lookalikes, dening characteristics, collection, and storage. https://www.plantsnap.com/blog/edible-mushrooms-united-states/ 1/25 11/29/2019 11 Edible Mushrooms in the US (And How to Tell They're Not Toxic) Using staining and examining spores might be necessary to properly identify edible mushrooms – that’s why it’s important to get help! Without further ado, let’s take a look at some of the common (and tasty) edible mushrooms of the United States! #1: Morel Mushrooms (Morchella esculenta) Range: Found across much of the U.S., especially under hardwood trees in orchards, burn areas, and disturbed grounds. Harvest Season: A short time in springtime – exact window varies based on 2 location. -
November 2014
MushRumors The Newsletter of the Northwest Mushroomers Association Volume 25, Issue 4 December 2014 After Arid Start, 2014 Mushroom Season Flourishes It All Came Together By Chuck Nafziger It all came together for the 2014 Wild Mushroom Show; an October with the perfect amount of rain for abundant mushrooms, an enthusiastic volunteer base, a Photo by Vince Biciunas great show publicity team, a warm sunny show day, and an increased public interest in foraging. Nadine Lihach, who took care of the admissions, reports that we blew away last year's record attendance by about 140 people. Add to that all the volunteers who put the show together, and we had well over 900 people involved. That's a huge event for our club. Nadine said, "... this was a record year at the entry gate: 862 attendees (includes children). Our previous high was in 2013: 723 attendees. Success is more measured in the happiness index of those attending, and many people stopped by on their way out to thank us for the wonderful show. Kids—and there were many—were especially delighted, and I'm sure there were some future mycophiles and mycologists in Sunday's crowd. The mushroom display A stunning entry display greets visitors arriving at the show. by the door was effective, as always, at luring people in. You could actually see the kids' eyes getting bigger as they surveyed the weird mushrooms, and twice during the day kids ran back to our table to tell us that they had spotted the mushroom fairy. There were many repeat adult visitors, too, often bearing mushrooms for identification. -
LERATIOMYCES CERES (Cooke & Massee) Spooner & Bridge
LERATIOMYCES CERES (Cooke & Massee) Spooner & Bridge. [= Stropharia aurantiaca (Cooke) M. Imai] Photo de Charles Rougier AUTORITÉS Cooke & Massee, 1888, Grevillea 16 (n° 79) : 72, Agaricus ceres (basionyme) Spooner & Bridge, 2008, Mycotaxon 103 : 116, Leratiomyces ceres SYNONYMES Hypholoma aurantiacum (Cooke) Faus Psilocybe aurantiaca (Cooke) Noordel. Psilocybe ceres (Cooke & Massee) Sacc. Stropharia aurantiaca (Cooke) M. Imai Stropholoma aurantiaca (Cooke) Ryman BIBLIOGRAPHIE Cetto, 1987, I fubghi dal vero, 5 : 1782 (sn. Stropharia aurantiaca) Courtecuisse & Duhem, 1994, Champignons de France et d’Europe : 1275 (sn. Stropharia aurantiaca) Eyssartier & Roux, 2017, Le guide des champignons : 862 Fasciotto, 2012, Bulletin mycologique et botanique Dauphiné-Savoie n° 207 : 43 Noordeloos, 1999, Flora Agaricina Neerlandica, 4 : 64 (sn. Psilocybe aurantiaca) Noordeloos, 2011, Strophariaceae (Fungi Europaei) : 104 Phillips, 1981, Champignons : 173 (sn. Stropharia aurantiaca) Roux, 2006, Mille et un champignons : 922 (sn. Hypholoma aurantiacum) ICONOGRAPHIE Cetto, 1987, I fubghi dal vero, 5 : 1782 (sn. Stropharia aurantiaca) Courtecuisse & Duhem, 1994, Champignons de France et d’Europe : 1275 (sn. Stropharia aurantiaca) Eyssartier & Roux, 2017, Le guide des champignons : 862 Fasciotto, 2012, Bulletin mycologique et botanique Dauphiné-Savoie n° 207 : 42 Noordeloos, 2011, Strophariaceae (Fungi Europaei) : 473 à 474 (sn. Psilocybe aurantiaca) Phillips, 1981, Champignons : 172 (sn. Stropharia aurantiaca) Roux, 2006, Mille et un champignons : 911 (sn. Hypholoma aurantiacum) OBSERVATIONS Signalée régulièrement dans un parc du campus universitaire de Grenoble, cette magnifique espèce originaire d’Australie est connue en Europe depuis 1960. Espèce rare, décrite à l’origine sous le nom de Psilocybe aurantiaca et rangée par les auteurs européens dans différents genres (Stropharia, Hypholoma ou Psilocybe), elle est maintenant retenue, pour des raisons nomenclaturales confuses, sous le nom de Leratiomyces ceres. -
Mushrooms of Southwestern BC Latin Name Comment Habitat Edibility
Mushrooms of Southwestern BC Latin name Comment Habitat Edibility L S 13 12 11 10 9 8 6 5 4 3 90 Abortiporus biennis Blushing rosette On ground from buried hardwood Unknown O06 O V Agaricus albolutescens Amber-staining Agaricus On ground in woods Choice, disagrees with some D06 N N Agaricus arvensis Horse mushroom In grassy places Choice, disagrees with some D06 N F FV V FV V V N Agaricus augustus The prince Under trees in disturbed soil Choice, disagrees with some D06 N V FV FV FV FV V V V FV N Agaricus bernardii Salt-loving Agaricus In sandy soil often near beaches Choice D06 N Agaricus bisporus Button mushroom, was A. brunnescens Cultivated, and as escapee Edible D06 N F N Agaricus bitorquis Sidewalk mushroom In hard packed, disturbed soil Edible D06 N F N Agaricus brunnescens (old name) now A. bisporus D06 F N Agaricus campestris Meadow mushroom In meadows, pastures Choice D06 N V FV F V F FV N Agaricus comtulus Small slender agaricus In grassy places Not recommended D06 N V FV N Agaricus diminutivus group Diminutive agariicus, many similar species On humus in woods Similar to poisonous species D06 O V V Agaricus dulcidulus Diminutive agaric, in diminitivus group On humus in woods Similar to poisonous species D06 O V V Agaricus hondensis Felt-ringed agaricus In needle duff and among twigs Poisonous to many D06 N V V F N Agaricus integer In grassy places often with moss Edible D06 N V Agaricus meleagris (old name) now A moelleri or A. -
Amanita Muscaria (“Fly Agaric”)
WILD MUSHROOMS An Introductory Presentation by Pam McElroy and Anna Russo Lincoln County Mycological Society FIELD GUIDES • Mushrooms Demystified by David Arora • All That the Rain Promises, and More by David Arora • Field Guide to Mushrooms from National Audubon Society • Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest by Steven Trudell & Joe Ammirati Mushroom Identification Traits • Gills/Pores/Teeth: What sort of spore- producing structures do you see? How are they attached? • Stalk description: Note the size, shape, color of stalk, and whether it is solid or hollow. • Spore color: Extremely important for ID. Identification Characteristics • Bruising when touched: Does the mushroom change color or bleed any liquid when it is sliced in half or grasped firmly? • Habitat: Anything about the surrounding area, including trees, temperature, soil, moisture. • Time of year: certain mushrooms fruit during certain times of the year • Cap description: Like the stalk, note all physical characteristics of the cap. • Smell and taste: Great amount of information The Good Guys……….. Edible, delicious, delectable…….what’s not to love? The bad guys………. • Like the little girl with the curl, when mushrooms are good, they are very, very good……….and when they are bad, they are dreadful! • There are some DEADLY mushrooms….and you can’t tell which ones unless you educate yourself. Let’s take a look at some of the “bad boys” of the mushroom world. • Before you even consider eating a wild mushroom that you have picked, you MUST know the poisonous ones. • In mycological circles,