CT PPGTE D Silva, Luciano Henrique Ferreira Da 2012.Pdf

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CT PPGTE D Silva, Luciano Henrique Ferreira Da 2012.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE TECNOLÓGICA FEDERAL DO PARANÁ PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM TECNOLOGIA O GÊNERO DE HORROR NOS QUADRINHOS BRASILEIROS: LINGUAGEM, TÉCNICA E TRABALHO NA CONSOLIDAÇÃO DE UMA INDÚSTRIA – 1950/1967 LUCIANO HENRIQUE FERREIRA DA SILVA CURITIBA 2012 ii LUCIANO HENRIQUE FERREIRA DA SILVA O GÊNERO DE HORROR NOS QUADRINHOS BRASILEIROS: LINGUAGEM, TÉCNICA E TRABALHO NA CONSOLIDAÇÃO DE UMA INDÚSTRIA – 1950/1967 Tese apresentada como requisito final para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Tecnologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, PPGTE/UTFPR. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gilson Leandro Queluz CURITIBA 2012 iii iii iv A todos aqueles que insistiram em produzir quadrinhos no Brasil e aos que insistem em escrever sobre eles. v AGRADECIMENTOS A todos os professores, em particular à Luciana, Marilda, Gilson, Merkle, e aos funcionários e colegas do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia (PPGTE) por cada parcela de contribuição teórica, material e psicológica para a realização plena deste trabalho. Também aos professores e amigos do Departamento Acadêmico de Desenho Industrial (DADIN), especialmente a Marinês, Maria Leni, Jusmeri, Rodrigo, Marcos, Daniela, Líber e Sentone, pelo auxílio e pela colaboração solidária, assumindo direta ou indiretamente os espaços de aula deixados pela minha ausência neste período de pesquisa. Minha profunda gratidão ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Gilson Leandro Queluz, por ter depositado novamente sua plena confiança em minha capacidade de reflexão e trabalho, através de sua orientação sempre cordial, lúcida e plural. Aos professores especialmente convidados para a banca de avaliação deste trabalho, Profª. Drª. Laura Vazquez (UBA), Profª. Drª. Marilda Pinheiro Queluz (UTFPR), Prof. Dr. Waldomiro Vergueiro (ECA-USP), Prof. Dr. Paulo Ramos (UNIFESP), pela gentileza em participar dessa banca de avaliação e pela generosidade das contribuições para a melhoria do conteúdo teórico desta pesquisa. As coordenadoras da Gibiteca de Curitiba, Maristela e Nereide pela habitual eficiência em disponibilizar o acesso de pesquisas ao acervo da Gibiteca e pela paciência e atenção ao localizar publicações entre uma infinidade de revistas. Aos meus orientandos de TCC por compartilharem o conteúdo entre nossas pesquisas, especialmente a Fabiano Alves pelas horas intermináveis de auxílio no levantamento de dados das revistas de terror. Ao Grupo de Estudos de Histórias em Quadrinhos, Marilda, Líber, Patrícia, Rodrigo Scama e Lielson, cujas reuniões “estratégicas” contribuíram para o reforço teórico de nossos textos. Por fim, à minha família e aos meus amigos, a quem agradeço de coração pelo carinho, pelo apoio, pela confiança e pela compreensão não só no período de realização desta tese, como em todos os momentos da minha vida. A todas estas pessoas e àquelas que, devido às limitações de memória não mencionei neste breve texto, agradeço cordialmente e tenho a certeza de que as considero co-responsáveis na realização deste trabalho. vi vii RESUMO As primeiras publicações de quadrinhos de terror pela editora La Selva a partir de 1950, iniciaram uma tradição editorial que se prolongaria por cerca de 40 anos no mercado consumidor brasileiro. A popularidade do gênero de horror nos quadrinhos brasileiros permitiu a proliferação, a sobrevivência e o crescimento de muitos pequenos editores, principalmente da periferia paulistana. Dos métodos de importação e adaptação de material da editora La Selva à busca de emancipação e valorização do artista brasileiro pela editora Outubro, temos no quadrinho de terror uma importante fonte de material para uma reflexão sobre práticas de trabalho, organização e metodologia dos editores brasileiros das décadas de 50 e 60. Focalizando a exploração comercial do gênero de horror nestas duas décadas, pretendemos traçar uma abordagem sócio-histórica das relações de trabalho, produção e consumo, sem perder de vista as intermediações entre os diversos grupos sociais envolvidos nestes processos. Correlacionando as interferências entre códigos de técnica e de linguagem entre as diversas mídias, buscaremos comprovar a influência dos meios de comunicação e produção cultural na construção de novas habilidades profissionais, novos métodos e formatos de produtos. Investigando as heranças nos métodos, técnicas e linguagem do legado pulp das revistas de emoção sobre novos formatos como o gibi e a revista de fotonovela, veremos que a introdução destes novos formatos no mercado foi ocasionada pela necessidade de alteração nas escolhas de publicar, rumo à massificação. Neste período histórico de consolidação das indústrias culturais e de convergência das mídias no cenário cultural brasileiro, inter-relacionaremos a tradição editorial dos quadrinhos de terror iniciada pela La Selva e pela Outubro, a popularidade da novela de rádio e do filme cinematográfico. Nas produções de terror de José Mojica Marins e seu folclórico personagem Zé do Caixão veremos a síntese da mescla entre linguagem e técnica transportadas dos quadrinhos para o cinema, seja no transcurso narrativo e visual, como no reaproveitamento de profissionais ligados a tradição de horror nos quadrinhos. Na análise técnica, discursiva e sócio-histórica das obras selecionadas, pretendemos expor a visão destes grupos sobre o desenvolvimento tecnológico, assim como por outro lado, compreendê-lo como resultado da interatividade entre múltiplas áreas e atores sociais. Palavras-chave: gibis de terror, Editora La Selva, Editora Outubro, Zé do Caixão viii ABSTRACT The first publications of horror comics edited by La Selva Publishing since 1950, started an publishing tradition that would last nearly 40 years in the Brazilian consume culture. The popularity of the horror genre in the Brazilian comics allowed the proliferation, survival and growth of many small publishers, mainly allocated on the suburbs of São Paulo. By the methods of importation and adaptation of editorial matter from La Selva Publishing , or because the search for emancipation and development of Brazilian artists by Outubro Publishing, the horror comics becomes an important material source to theoretical research about work practices, organization forms and methodology of Brazilian publishers from the 50’s and 60’s. Focusing the commercial exploitation of horror genre in these two decades, we will make a socio-historical approach of labor relashionship, production and consumption, in view of intermediation between different social groups involved in these processes. Correlating the interferences between language and technical codes among the media, we intend to demonstrate influences of media products and cultural industry to form new professional skills, methods and formats. Investigating the inheritance of methods, techniques and language of the legacy from the pulp fiction in pulp magazines, from which emerged new formats such as comic book and photo-romance magazines, we observe that the introduction of these new formats was caused by the need to change the choices of publishing towards massification. In this historical period of the consolidation of cultural industries and media convergence in the Brazilian cultural scene, we will compare the tradition of horror comics started by La Selva and Outubro, with the popularity of radio broadcast and motion picture film. In the filmography of José Mojica Marins and the popular character Zé do Caixão (Coffin Joe), we see a synthesis of the blend betwen technical language and the course of visual narrative, transported from comics to the movies, as the reuse of professionals related to the horror tradition in Brazilian comic. In the technical, discursive and socio-historical analysis about the selected works, we expose the vision of these social groups on technical development, and on the other hand, understand it as a result of interaction between multiple areas and social actors. Keywords: terror comics, La Selva Publishing, Outubro Publishing, Coffin Joe ix LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 - Detalhe de gráfico com levantamento de editores e títulos de terror - informações sobre editores e títulos publicados entre os anos cinqüenta e setenta, ver: ANEXO 03. ..................................... 25 Figura 2 - Alguns dos principais títulos selecionados para análise – Linha 01 - O Terror Negro, nº21, capa de JAYME CORTEZ, abril/1953, Editora La Selva; Sobrenatural, nº34, capa de JAYME CORTEZ; janeiro/1957, Editora La Selva; Contos de Terror, nº40, julho/1957, capa de JOSÉ LANZELLOTTI, Editora La Selva. Linha 02 - Seleções de Terror, nº36, capa de LYRIO ARAGÃO, julho/1963, Editora Outubro; Histórias Macabras, nº23, capa de JAYME CORTEZ, julho/1961, Editora Outubro; Clássicos de Terror, nº15, capa de JAYME CORTEZ, abril/1961, Editora Outubro. Acervo do autor. ................... 28 Figura 3 – Capas de revistas populares da segunda metade do século XIX - Punch Magazine, nº 2003, capa de RICHARD DOYLE, novembro/1879, Bradbury, Agnew & Co – Londres. <www.vintage- adverts.com>; Revista Illustrada, nº 8, capa de ÂNGELO AGOSTINI, fevereiro/1876, Editor Ângelo Agostini - Rio de Janeiro. <http://patrimoniograficoemrevista.blogspot.com> ....................................... 45 Figura 4 – Rótulos em litografia de embalagens de produtos brasileiros do fim do século XIX – Erva Matte Primavera, c.1890, Emilio Von Linsingen & Cia – Curitiba. <http://fundaj.gov.br>; Cigarros A Tabira, 1875, Pereira Penna e Cia - Recife. < http://fundaj.gov.br> .......................................................... 46 Figura 5 – Sunday page
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