CAIT-UTC-NC15 Methodological Framework Development for Evaluating Highway Truck Parking Location and Capacity Expansion FINAL REPORT November 2015 Submitted by: Christian Higgins Yupo Chiu Graduate Student Graduate Student and Yun Bai Research Associate Principle Investigator Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey In cooperation with Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey And U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Disclaimer Statement The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation, University Transportation Centers Program, in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation (CAIT) is a National UTC Consortium led by Rutgers, The State University. Members of the consortium are the University of Delaware, Utah State University, Columbia University, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Princeton University, University of Texas at El Paso, University of South Florida and Virginia Polytechnic Institute. The Center is funded by the U.S. Department of Transportation. CAIT-UTC-NC15 TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. CAIT-UTC-NC15 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Methodological Framework Development for Evaluating November 2015 Highway Truck Parking Location and Capacity Expansion 6. Performing Organization Code CAIT/Rutgers 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Christian Higgins, Yupo Chiu, Yun Bai CAIT-UTC-NC15 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey 11. Contract or Grant No. DTRT13-G-UTC28 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Final Report Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation 01/01/2015 – 11/30/2015 Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 100 Brett Road Piscataway, NJ 08854 15. Supplementary Notes U.S. Department of Transportation/Research and Innovative Technology Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20590-0001 16. Abstract As the number of trucks on the road continues to increase, mandatory rest periods combined with a decreasing number of parking spaces and amenities geared towards truck drivers have created a paradoxical yet often overlooked issue of truck parking shortage. Especially within the urbanized landscape of New Jersey, truck stops are rarely considered a highest and best use form of development and those that exist are often expensive to operate. From the policy and public sector aspect, numerous regional-based studies have aimed to examine the magnitude of the truck parking issue, primarily in the most urbanized areas. Much of the additional existing research on this issue has focused on parking demand modeling and the use of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technology to improve existing truck stops. Little research however has focused on identifying the precise steps and considerations involved with actually expanding parking capacity. This study is meant to serve as the next step in the process, through the development of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis (CBA) based methodological framework aimed at developing or expanding truck stops. Addressing economic, fiscal, environmental and roadway safety factors, particularly through the scope of New Jersey, the ultimate goal is a framework that can be utilized by the private and public sectors statewide and elsewhere. The framework and its application to empirical case studies provide useful insights to both public and private agencies into addressing regional parking capacity shortfall and safety concerns. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Truck Stops, Parking Location, Site Evaluation, Cost Benefit Analysis, Methodology Framework, Highway Freight Analysis 19. Security Classification (of this report) 20. Security Classification (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 83 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-69) CAIT-UTC-NC15 Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the invaluable insights and guidance of public and private entities that collaborated in this project. We sincerely thank Anne Strauss-Wieder, Jakub Rowinski and Dave Dawson from North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority (NJTPA) for their assistance in developing this project idea, and providing useful information about data sources and research directions. Special thanks go to Ted Dahlburg from Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) and David B. Trumpp from New Jersey Turnpike Authority (NJTA) for the meaningful information they provided. The authors are also grateful for the help and valuable industrial insights provided by Darren Schulte and Brad Stotler from National Association of Truck Stop Operators (NATSO) and Gail E. Toth from New Jersey Motor Truck Association (NJMTA). The collaboration and contributions of graduate students including Mikhail Kublanov and Tzeyang Wu at Rutgers University are also appreciated for their help on data collection in early stage of this study. Finally, the authors would like to recognize the help from Patrick Szary and David Maruca at CAIT throughout the project. CAIT-UTC-NC15 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Description of the Problem .........................................................................................................2 2 Literature Review .......................................................................................................................4 3 Methodology Development – Site Costs & Benefits Analysis ........................................................7 3.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 7 3.2 Data Sources ................................................................................................................................. 8 3.3 Truck Parking Estimation Model ................................................................................................... 9 3.4 Economic Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 10 3.5 Fiscal Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 12 3.6 Environmental Factors & Analysis .............................................................................................. 13 3.7 Safety Factors & Analysis ............................................................................................................ 18 4 Location Analysis and Case Study in New Jersey ........................................................................ 25 4.1 Industry Representatives Meetings: A Brief Takeaway .............................................................. 25 4.2 Freight Trend Analysis ................................................................................................................. 26 4.3 Regional Site Selection Criteria ................................................................................................... 33 4.4 Numerical Case Study ................................................................................................................. 44 5 Research Implementation ......................................................................................................... 53 6 Conclusions & Future Research ................................................................................................. 54 References ....................................................................................................................................... 55 Appendix A: Glossary and Default Value of Truck Parking Demand Estimation Model ........................ 57 Appendix B: Truck Parking Inventory in New Jersey .......................................................................... 58 Appendix C: New Jersey Department of Transportation and New Jersey Turnpike Authority Noise Abatement Criteria .......................................................................................................................... 61 Appendix D: New Jersey County-Level Truck Parking Suitability Analyses .......................................... 63 CAIT-UTC-NC15 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: New Jersey Truck Stop Economic Indicators ......................................................................... 11 Table 2: 2014 Fiscal Data for Existing New Jersey Truck Stops ............................................................ 12 Table 3: Accidents Involving Parked Trucks On I-95 South of I-287 (2003-2015) .................................. 14 Table 4: Average Emissions for Long Haul Semi-Tractor Trailers (Grams / Mile) .................................. 14 Table 5: Horizontal & Vertical Dispersion Coefficients for Stable Atmospheric Conditions (29) ........... 16 Table 6: Idling Emissions for Large Trucks in Grams/Second (30) ........................................................ 16 Table 7: DVRPC Counties Freight Statistics ........................................................................................ 35 Table 8: 2040