Socratic Impulse, Secular Tendency, and Jewish Emancipation
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H-Diplo JOURNAL WATCH, a to I H-Diplo Journal and Periodical Review Third Quarter 2015 20 July 2015
[jw] H-Diplo JOURNAL WATCH, A to I H-Diplo Journal and Periodical Review Third Quarter 2015 20 July 2015 Compiled by Erin Black, University of Toronto African Affairs, Vol.114, No. 456 (July 2015) http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol114/issue456/ . “Rejecting Rights: Vigilantism and violence in post-apartheid South Africa,” by Nicholas Rush Smith, 341- . “Ethnicity, intra-elite differentiation and political stability in Kenya,” by Biniam E. Bedasso, 361- . “The political economy of grand corruption in Tanzania,” by Hazel S. Gray, 382- . The political economy of property tax in Africa: Explaining reform outcomes in Sierra Leone,” by Samuel S. Jibao and Wilson Prichard, 404- . “After restitution: Community, litigation and governance in South African land reform,” by Christiaan Beyers and Derick Fay, 432- Briefing . “Why Goodluck Jonathan lost the Nigerian presidential election of 2015,” by Olly Owen and Zainab Usmanm 455- African Historical Review, Vol. 46, No.2 (December 2014) http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rahr20/46/2 . “The Independence of Rhodesia in Salazar's Strategy for Southern Africa,” by Luís Fernando Machado Barroso, 1- This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. H-Diplo Journal Watch [jw], A-I, Third Quarter 2015 . “‘The Rebellion From Below’ and the Origins of Early Zionist Christianity,” by Barry Morton, 25- . “The Stag of the Eastern Cape: Power, Status and Kudu Hunting in the Albany and Fort Beaufort Districts, 1890 to 1905,” by David Gess & Sandra Swart, 48- . -
A Moderately Ironic Reading of Xenophon's Oeconomicus
David M. JOHNSON Ischomachus the Model Husband? A Moderately Ironic Reading of Xenophon's Oeconomicus Xenophon's Oeconomicus is usually considered a treatise on household management masquerading as a Socratic dialogue (Pomeroy). But for others the reverse is true (Strauss and the Straussians; see also Mackenzie and Nails in EMC 1985, Too's review of Pomeroy in CR 1995, and the less orthodox Straussian Stevens). How one comes down on this issue will obviously affect one's evaluation of Ischomachus' relationship with his wife, and of Xenophon as a Socratic writer. I argue that the Oeconomicus is both Socratic and economic, both didactic and ironic. Xenophon chose Ischomachus because both his virtues and his vices have much to teach Critobulus, Socrates' immediate interlocutor, and Xenophon's readers. Our Ischomachus is probably the man whose wife went on to become the Chrysilla who would marry and bear a son to her son-in-law Callias, driving her daughter to attempt suicide (Andocides 1.124-127). There may be evidence for this in Oeconomicus itself. Callias would fall for Chrysilla again when she was "an old battleaxe" (Andocides 1.127); Ischomachus promises his wife that she can maintain her status even in old age (Oec. 7.20). The scandals which would beset Chrysilla and her children may shed light on Ischomachus' otherwise odd failure to say much about children to the wife he had married in large part for the sake of children. There are other ironies. Ischomachus hardly shares Socrates' understanding of property as that one knows how to use. Critobulus, in fact, is evidently already rich enough in conventional terms: he needs another sort of help. -
A Study in the Berlin Haskalah 1975
ISAAC SA TANOW, THE MAN AND HIS WORK; A STUDY IN THE BERLIN HASKALAH By Nehama Rezler Bersohn Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Philosophy Columbia University 1975 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am very grateful to Professor I. Barzilay for his friendly advice and encouragement throughout the course of my studies and research. Thanks are also due to the Jewish Memorial Foundation for a grant. i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT ISAAC SATANOW, THE MAN AND HIS WORK; A STUDY IN THE BERLIN HASKAIAH Nehama Rezler Bersohn Isaac Satanow, one of the most prolific writers of the Berlin Haskalah (Jewish enlightenment), typifies the maskil (an enlightened Jew) of his time. He was born and reared in Podolia, Poland at a time when Frankism and Cabbalah were reaching their peak influence. He subsequently moved to Berlin where the Jewish enlightenment movement was gaining momentum influenced by the general enlightenment and Prussia's changing economy. Satanow's way of life expressed the con fluence of these two worlds, Podolia and Berlin. Satanow adopted the goal of the moderate Haskalah to educate the Jewish masses, and by teaching them modern science, modern languages and contemporary ideas, to help them in improving their economic, social and political situation. To achieve this goal, he wrote numerous books and articles, sometimes imitating styles of and attributing the authorship to medieval and earlier writers so that his teaching would be respected and accepted. -
Helmut Walser Smith, "Nation and Nationalism"
Smith, H. Nation and Nationalism pp. 230-255 Jonathan Sperber., (2004) Germany, 1800-1870, Oxford: Oxford University Press Staff and students of University of Warwick are reminded that copyright subsists in this extract and the work from which it was taken. This Digital Copy has been made under the terms of a CLA licence which allows you to: • access and download a copy; • print out a copy; Please note that this material is for use ONLY by students registered on the course of study as stated in the section below. All other staff and students are only entitled to browse the material and should not download and/or print out a copy. This Digital Copy and any digital or printed copy supplied to or made by you under the terms of this Licence are for use in connection with this Course of Study. You may retain such copies after the end of the course, but strictly for your own personal use. All copies (including electronic copies) shall include this Copyright Notice and shall be destroyed and/or deleted if and when required by University of Warwick. Except as provided for by copyright law, no further copying, storage or distribution (including by e-mail) is permitted without the consent of the copyright holder. The author (which term includes artists and other visual creators) has moral rights in the work and neither staff nor students may cause, or permit, the distortion, mutilation or other modification of the work, or any other derogatory treatment of it, which would be prejudicial to the honour or reputation of the author. -
The Apology of Socrates, by Plato
The Apology of Socrates, by Plato The Project Gutenberg Edition Trans: Benjamin Jowett INTRODUCTION. Socrates has been put on trial by the citizens of Athens for multiple “crimes” all related to his teaching of philosophy. Meletus is his prosecutor, but he is addressing a jury of hundreds of his fellow citizens. In this famous work, Socrates defends his practice of questioning everything and describes the beauty of a philosophical life. He also antagonizes his fellow Athenians… Note, Plato was Socrates’ student and this is report of how the trial went from Socrates’ perspective. Socrates himself wrote nothing – his philosophical career was spent verbally debating his fellow Athenians. APOLOGY How you, O Athenians, have been affected by my accusers, I cannot tell; but I know that they almost made me forget who I was--so persuasively did they speak; and yet they have hardly uttered a word of truth. But of the many falsehoods told by them, there was one which quite amazed me;--I mean when they said that you should be upon your guard and not allow yourselves to be deceived by the force of my eloquence. To say this, when they were certain to be detected as soon as I opened my lips and proved myself to be anything but a great speaker, did indeed appear to me most shameless--unless by the force of eloquence they mean the force of truth; for is such is their meaning, I admit that I am eloquent. But in how different a way from theirs! Well, as I was saying, they have scarcely spoken the truth at all; but from me you shall hear the whole truth: not, however, delivered after their manner in a set oration duly ornamented with words and phrases. -
Jegór Von Sivers' Herderian Cosmopolitanism
Ajalooline Ajakiri, 2012, 1/2 (139/140), 79–113 Humanität versus nationalism as the moral foundation of the Russian Empire: Jegór von Sivers’ Herderian cosmopolitanism* Eva Piirimäe No single author is more important for the development of nationalism in Central and Eastern Europe than Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803).1 Yet Herder’s own relationship to nationalism continues to be debated.2 This is partly owed to the ambivalence of the notion “nationalism” itself. There is no doubt Herder is a “nationalist”, if by this term we refer to someone who defends national diversity as valuable and cherishes and cultivates one’s own language and national customs. Yet, it is more common in the anglo- phone world to use the term “nationalist” for someone who supports one’s nation’s aggressive foreign policies. In this case, Herder is rather an oppo- nent of nationalism. There is also a third widely used notion of national- ism, known also as the “principle of nationality” according to which “the * Research for this article has been funded by the Estonian Science Foundation Grant No. 8887 and the Target Financed Program No. SF0180128s08. 1 See Peter Drews, Herder und die Slaven: Materialien zur Wirkungsgeschichte bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts (München: Sagner, 1990); Johann Gottfried Herder: zur Herder-Rezeption in Ost- und Südosteuropa, ed. by Gerhard Ziegengeist (Berlin-Ost: Akademie-Verlag, 1978); Holm Sundhaussen, Der Einfluß der Herderschen Ideen auf die Nationsbildung bei den Völkern der Habsburger Monarchie (München: Oldenburg, 1973); Konrad Bittner, “Herders ‘Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit’ und ihre Auswirkung bei den slavischen Hauptstämmen”, Germanoslavica, 2 (1932/33), 453–480; Konrad Bittner, Herders Geschichtsphilosophie und die Slawen (Reichenberg: Gebrüder Stiepel, 1929). -
Applying the Socratic Method to the Problem Solving Process
American Journal of Business Education – August 2009 Volume 2, Number 5 Socratic Problem-Solving In The Business World Evan Peterson, University Of Detroit Mercy, USA ABSTRACT Accurate and effective decision-making is one of the most essential skills necessary for organizational success. The problem-solving process provides a systematic means of effectively recognizing, analyzing, and solving a dilemma. The key element in this process is critical analysis of the situation, which can be executed by a taking a Socratic approach to the situation. Applying the Socratic Method to the problem-solving model ensures a well-rounded and versatile analysis. Keywords: Problem-solving process, decision- making, critical analysis, Socratic Method INTRODUCTION he sheer complexity of today’s business organization is rivaled only by the complexity of the business environment in which it operates. The permutation of complexity and exacting time constraints companies and individuals face in making vital decisions involving thousands of people Tand millions of dollars can seem more daunting than storming the beaches of Normandy. However, all hope is not lost. The anxiety, along with the blood, sweat, and tears that come along with difficult decision-making can be reduced by having a clear, time-tested plan of attack that can be applied to the problem situation. The problem-solving model is one such plan of attack, for it provides a framework that an individual decision-maker or group of decision-makers can follow to reach a feasible solution to the problem. Situational analysis is the bread and butter of the problem-solving model, for it goes hand-in-hand with each step of the model. -
Voltaire Voltaire's Enlightenment Philosophy
Voltaire François-Marie d'Arouet (1694–1778), better known by his pen name Voltaire, was a French writer and public activist who played a singular role in defining the eighteenth-century movement called the Enlightenment. At the center of his work was a new conception of philosophy and the philosopher that in several crucial respects influenced the modern concept of each. Yet in other ways Voltaire was not a philosopher at all in the modern sense of the term. He wrote as many plays, stories, and poems as patently philosophical tracts, and he in fact directed many of his critical writings against the philosophical pretensions of recognized philosophers such as Leibniz, Malebranche, and Descartes. He was, however, a vigorous defender of a conception of natural science that served in his mind as the antidote to vain and fruitless philosophical investigation. In clarifying this new distinction between science and philosophy, and especially in fighting vigorously for it in public campaigns directed against the perceived enemies of fanaticism and superstition, Voltaire pointed modern philosophy down several paths that it subsequently followed. To capture Voltaire's unconventional place in the history of philosophy, this article will be structured in a particular way. First, a full account of Voltaire's life is offered, not merely as background context for his philosophical work, but as an argument about the way that his particular career produced his particular contributions to European philosophy. Second, a survey of Voltaire's philosophical views is offered so as to attach the legacy of what Voltaire did with the intellectual viewpoints that his activities reinforced. -
A Map of Crito (ΚΡΙΤΩΝ)
ΠΛΑΤΩΝ | Plato: Four Dialogues Handout 8 A Map of Crito (ΚΡΙΤΩΝ) 43a–44b After the trial, Socrates’s (wealthy; see Apology 38b) friend Crito visits him in prison. He brings news of his imminent execution. 44b–46a Crito tries to persuade Socrates to escape. Reason 1. The common people (οἱ πολλοὶ, hoi polloi) will think Crito let Socrates down, so the friends’ reputation will be damaged, with bad individual con- sequences. Reason 2. Money is not an issue. Reason 3. Socrates would be welcome abroad. Reason 4. Socrates complies with his enemies; he throws away his life. Reason 5. Socrates irresponsibly betrays his duty to his sons. Reason 6. Socrates is a coward. 46b–50a Socrates replies. To Reason 1: not all opinions have the same value. We should listen to the experts and the wise: the qualified. What matters in the present predicament is the expert on justice, for the question is whether it would be just for Socrates to abscond. Socrates reminds Crito that what is relevant is not merely a life, but a good life, or a well-lived life (τὸ εὖ ζῆν, to eu zên); and the good life is the just life. Socrates also reminds Crito of the long-held belief that one should never (willingly or intentionally) do an injustice (οὐδαμῶς δεῖ ἀδικεῖν, oudamôs dei adikein), and this entails that one should never do an injustice even if one is wronged, or somehow provoked (see Handout 6). Hence, the ‘established hypothesis’: non-retaliation. Doing injustice is doing harm and injury. Likewise for agreements or commitments (τις ὁμολογήσῃ, tis homologêsê): if they are just, one ought to fulfil them. -
251 Chapter IX Revolution And
251 Chapter IX Revolution and Law (1789 – 1856) The Collapse of the European States System The French Revolution of 1789 did not initialise the process leading to the collapse of the European states system but accelerated it. In the course of the revolution, demands became articulate that the ruled were not to be classed as subjects to rulers but ought to be recognised as citizens of states and members of nations and that, more fundamentally, the continuity of states was not a value in its own right but ought to be measured in terms of their usefulness for the making and the welfare of nations. The transformations of groups of subjects into nations of citizens took off in the political theory of the 1760s. Whereas Justus Lipsius and Thomas Hobbes1 had described the “state of nature” as a condition of human existence that might occur close to or even within their present time, during the later eighteenth century, theorists of politics and international relations started to position that condition further back in the past, thereby assuming that a long period of time had elapsed between the end of the “state of nature” and the making of states and societies, at least in some parts of the world. Moreover, these theorists regularly fused the theory of the hypothetical contract for the establishment of government, which had been assumed since the fourteenth century, with the theory of the social contract, which had only rarely been postulated before.2 In the view of later eighteenth-century theorists, the combination of both types of contract was to establish the nation as a society of citizens.3 Supporters of this novel theory of the combined government and social contract not merely considered human beings as capable of moving out from the “state of nature” into states, but also gave to humans the discretional mandate to first form their own nations as what came to be termed “civil societies”, before states could come into existence.4 Within states perceived in accordance with these theoretical suppositions, nationals remained bearers of sovereignty. -
The Problem of Socrates Readable and Engaging, Both for the Philosophical and the Literary Audience
i 11 I PIi 10 (2000), 267-275. 'I I 266 PIi 10 (2000) J I! This is not to say that Morgan's explorations of radical evil, Egyptian pyramids, regicide, talion law and so on are not interesting, nor that they are unconnected to the architectonic metaphor she wants to deconstruct. Her exploration of these "very heterogeneous themes" (as Morgan herself 13 describes them ) is in fact fascinating for anyone interested in Kant, and the way she draws them together is generally convincing. Her prose is The Problem of Socrates readable and engaging, both for the philosophical and the literary audience. It's just that there are too many heterogeneous themes, and too Sarah Kofman, Socrates: Fictions of a Philosopher, Translated by many textual references, to analyze adequately in one fairly short book Catherine Porter (London: Athlone, 1998) without the analysis seeming scattered and incomplete. If the reader is left I with a sense of frustration at the end of Kant Trouble, it is not because JOHN SELLARS Morgan has revealed the principle of crumbling at the foundation of II I 1 Kant's system, but because she has failed to give her most interesting points the attention they deserve. One wants both more and less of Morgan: more analysis of Kant's II!! They say that Socrates, texts within the limitations of a single thematic cluster, and less 1 having heard Plato reading from his Lysis, said, wandering through her extensive library. This is my one reservation about '1 this otherwise enticing, original, and interesting book. The obvious "By Heracles, how many lies this young man says about me".1 I question, the one about the philosophical validity of asserting the instability of the Kantian edifice on the basis of the metaphors he uses, seems to be precluded by the genre of cultural studies, under which even For many people Socrates is the archetypal philosopher, the patron saint a comparative analysis of Kant and Gainsborough might be applauded. -
Yearbook of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies 2019 Meyrav, Yoav (Ed.)
www.ssoar.info Yearbook of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies 2019 Meyrav, Yoav (Ed.) Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Sammelwerk / collection Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Meyrav, Y. (Ed.). (2020). Yearbook of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies 2019. Berlin: De Gruyter. https:// doi.org/10.1515/9783110618839 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de Diese Version ist zitierbar unter / This version is citable under: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-68524-6 Yearbook of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies 2019 Yearbook of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies Chief Editor Giuseppe Veltri Yearbook of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies 2019 Volume Editor Yoav Meyrav The Yearbook is published on behalf of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies ISBN 978-3-11-060332-3 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-061883-9 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-060737-6 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 Licence. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number: XXX Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.