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The Relationship Between Japanese Idea of Honor and Ultimate Christian Sacrifice As Seen in the Moral Message of Ayako Miura's

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The Relationship Between Japanese Idea of Honor and Ultimate Christian Sacrifice As Seen in the Moral Message of Ayako Miura's PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI THE UNCOMPROMISING CHRISTIAN DISCIPLESHIP OF NOBUO NAGANO IN AYAKO MIURA’S SHIOKARI PASS AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By AGATHON HUTAMA Student Number: 054214008 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2011 i PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI THE UNCOMPROMISING CHRISTIAN DISCIPLESHIP OF NOBUO NAGANO IN AYAKO MIURA’S SHIOKARI PASS By AGATHON HUTAMA Student Number: 054214008 Approved by Elisa Dwi Wardani, S.S., M.Hum. Advisor December 14, 2010 Tatang Iskarna, S.S., M.Hum. Co-Advisor December 14, 2010 ii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis THE UNCOMPROMISING CHRISTIAN DISCIPLESHIP OF NOBUO NAGANO IN AYAKO MIURA’S SHIOKARI PASS By AGATHON HUTAMA Student Number : 054214008 Defended before the Board of Examiners on January 26, 2011 and Declared Acceptable BOARD OF EXAMINERS Name Signature Chairman : Dr. Fr. B. Alip, M.Pd., M.A. ……………………… Secretary : Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum. ……………………… Member : Dewi Widyastuti, S.Pd., M.Hum. ……………………… Member : Elisa Dwi Wardani, S.S., M.Hum. ……………………… Member : Tatang Iskarna, S.S., M.Hum. ……………………… Yogyakarta, January 31, 2011. Faculty of Letters Sanata Dharma University Dean Dr. Praptomo Baryadi Isodarus, M.Hum. iii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI Perfection, I believe, we forever cannot achieve, but we can still always be almost perfect after all. – Mas Aga “Mind your meal, it should be empat sehat lima Sampoerna; if you smoke, though. If you don’t, don’t start.” [email protected] [email protected] iv PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI v PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : Agathon Hutama Nomor Mahasiswa : 054214008 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: THE UNCOMPROMISING CHRISTIAN DISCIPLESHIP OF NOBUO NAGANO IN AYAKO MIURA’S SHIOKARI PASS beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini, yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal : 1 Maret 2011 Yang menyatakan Agathon Hutama vi PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To be honest, I am a little bit late to finish this undergraduate thesis. It is because there were so many temptations that demanded more of my time, so that focusing on writing this study seemed to have become my priority no more. Anyway, here it is; the non-fiction work that I have finished, finally. I use as the object of this study a Japanese novel entitled Shiokari Pass. Unfortunately, because I failed to find any studies conducted by other people in order to provide me insights for working on my own, I had to rely on sources of the related studies of the issues seen in the novel. Therefore, I thank you very much, the library of Sanata Dharma University, whose collection of books is vast and among them I could find references that I needed (including few that had never been borrowed since the late twentieth century until I did). I also would like to express my deepest gratitude to the goodfellas in campus who never gave up supporting me, namely Doni, Fred, Bayu, Anto, Trimbil, Nopek, Karlina, Decy, Estu, Danu and the big family of Teater Seriboe Djendela: Mas Yoga, Mas Kumis, Bang Onal, Mico, Tije, Gedhek, Egi, Eli, Evi, Dian, Helga, Via, Padmo and many more friends whom I cannot mention here one by one because the list will be so long like history, hyperbolically saying. For my advisor, Mrs. Elisa Dwi Wardani, S.S., M.Hum., I am sorry for my bad habit of writing confusing inductive paragraphs yet I owe you a lot in the whole process of doing this undergraduate thesis. Also, Mr. Tatang Iskarna, S.S., M.Hum., thank you for our discussing about the sacrifice of Christ and how it differs from sacrifice of man. That moment is the most memorable moment of my vii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI thesis consultation with you. For Mrs. Dewi Widyastuti S.Pd., M.Hum., thank you for your criticism and advice on the theory of character development used in this study and for reminding me the right format of the thesis layout. For all of you dear lecturers, I also thank you for the knowledge you have shared in your classes that I attended semesters ago. God bless you all. For both my beloved parents, Bu Anastasia Tri Widihati and Pak F.X. Giarso, thank you for all the unconditional love that I have received since I was born. Let us celebrate my graduation, alright? My kinsmen from both clans, the Dimars and Pringgo Pudiyantos, thank you so much for your supports, advices, and prayers. Above all, I thank you my Jesus Christ, whom I believe will always accompany me in all the moments of my life. Praise be to Thou forever and ever. Amen. Agathon Hutama viii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………….. i APPROVAL PAGE ……………………………………………………….... ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE …………………………………………………….. iii MOTTO PAGE …………………………………………………………….. iv DEDICATION PAGE ……………………………………………………... v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN ……………………………. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………………….. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………….. ix ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………... xi ABSTRAK ………………………………………………………………….. xii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION …………………………………………. 1 A. Background …………………………………………………………... 1 B. Problem Formulations ………………………………………………... 7 C. Objectives of the Study ………………………………………………. 8 D. Definition of Terms …………………………………………………... 9 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW ……………………………… 11 A. Review of Related Studies …………………………………………… 11 1. Honor in Japanese Society ………………………………………... 11 2. The Polemic of Christianity in Japan …………………………….. 12 B. Review of Related Theories ………………………………………….. 19 1. Theory of Character and Characterization ……………………… 19 2. Theory of Christian Discipleship …………………………………. 21 3. View on Choice …………………………………………………... 26 4. View on Courage………………………………………………….. 27 5. View on Death ……………………………………………………. 27 6. View on Righteousness …………………………………………... 29 C. Theoretical Framework ………………………………………………... 30 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ………………………………………. 33 A. Object of the Study …………………………………………………... 33 B. Approach of the Study ……………………………………………….. 36 C. Method of the Study ………………………………………………….. 37 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ……………………………………………….. 39 A. The Characterization of Nobuo Nagano in Shiokari Pass …………… 39 B. Nobuo’s Process to His Christian Conversion ………………………… 44 1. Rejection………………………………………………………….. 45 a. Grandmother’s Influence……………………………………… 46 b. Disappointment towards Mother……………………………… 48 ix PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI 2. Compromise………………………………………………………. 50 a. Kiku’s Return and Different Perspective of Nobuo towards Christianity …………………………………………………… 52 b. Osamu Yoshikawa’s Influence towards Nobuo’s Sense of Righteousness ………………………………………………… 55 c. Nobuo’s Anxiousness towards Death………………………… 61 d. Nobuo’s ‘Unconscious’ Actualization of Christian Values …... 66 3. Conversion and the ‘Conscious’ Actualization of Christian Faith .. 70 C. The Uncompromising Christian Discipleship of Nobuo Nagano……. 86 1. Nobuo’s Courage in Actualizing His Faith ………………………. 93 2. Nobuo’s Faith in Christ as a Costly Grace ……………………….. 97 3. Single-Minded Obedience in Nobuo’s Actualization of His Christian Faith…………………………………………………….. 102 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION …………………………………………… 107 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………... 112 x PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI ABSTRACT AGATHON HUTAMA. The Uncompromising Christian Discipleship of Nobuo Nagano in Ayako Miura’s Shiokari Pass. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2010. A Roman poet, Horace, said that literature should be delightful and instructive. His words still find significance today, for it can be found in every literary work of all genres – prose, poetry and drama – a message implied by the author, which is intended to be grasped by the reader. This undergraduate thesis uses as the object of study a Japanese novel, written by Ayako Miura, entitled Shiokari Pass. It was written based on the life accounts of a real person named Masao Nagano whom the author fictionalized as Nobuo Nagano, who became the main character of the novel. The author’s flair to retouch the true story with her literary creativity has made her fiction an enjoyable stuff to read. This is the delightful side of her work. The instructive side can be found in the message implied
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