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The Geranium Family, Geraniaceae, and the Mallow Family, Malvaceae
THE GERANIUM FAMILY, GERANIACEAE, AND THE MALLOW FAMILY, MALVACEAE TWO SOMETIMES CONFUSED FAMILIES PROMINENT IN SOME MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE AREAS The Geraniaceae is a family of herbaceous plants or small shrubs, sometimes with succulent stems • The family is noted for its often palmately veined and lobed leaves, although some also have pinnately divided leaves • The leaves all have pairs of stipules at their base • The flowers may be regular and symmetrical or somewhat irregular • The floral plan is 5 separate sepals and petals, 5 or 10 stamens, and a superior ovary • The most distinctive feature is the beak of fused styles on top of the ovary Here you see a typical geranium flower This nonnative weedy geranium shows the styles forming a beak The geranium family is also noted for its seed dispersal • The styles either actively eject the seeds from each compartment of the ovary or… • They twist and embed themselves in clothing and fur to hitch a ride • The Geraniaceae is prominent in the Mediterranean Basin and the Cape Province of South Africa • It is also found in California but few species here are drought tolerant • California does have several introduced weedy members Here you see a geranium flinging the seeds from sections of the ovary when the styles curl up Three genera typify the Geraniaceae: Erodium, Geranium, and Pelargonium • Erodiums (common name filaree or clocks) typically have pinnately veined, sometimes dissected leaves; many species are weeds in California • Geraniums (that is, the true geraniums) typically have palmately veined leaves and perfectly symmetrical flowers. Most are herbaceous annuals or perennials • Pelargoniums (the so-called garden geraniums or storksbills) have asymmetrical flowers and range from perennials to succulents to shrubs The weedy filaree, Erodium cicutarium, produces small pink-purple flowers in California’s spring grasslands Here are the beaked unripe fruits of filaree Many of the perennial erodiums from the Mediterranean make well-behaved ground covers for California gardens Here are the flowers of the charming E. -
Master Plan of Trails, Adopted Oct
P.O. BOX 8, SILVERADO, CA 92676 SMRPD Draft Master Plan of Trails, Adopted Oct. 14, 2004 The Master Plan of Regional Riding and Hiking Trails Component is countywide in scope. It is a public trail system which traverses the entire county without regard for jurisdictional boundaries and, therefore, intergovernmental coordination is necessary for successful implementation. -from the Recreation Element of the Orange County General Plan The Silverado Modjeska Community Plan and EIR (DEIR 096), prepared by the Environmental Planning Agency and distributed on November 23, 1976, included a variety of non-paved multi-use riding and hiking trails which were in place and inventoried at the time of the DEIR’s adoption. The plan allowed for the addition of recreational trails as proposed by the community. In 2002, under the jurisdiction of the Silverado Modjeska Recreation and Parks District (a State sanctioned Independent Special District), the community and the SMRPD worked together to create an updated Master Plan of Riding and Hiking Trails. As a conceptual plan, it is considered a general expression of community values and is abstract in nature. Purpose The purpose of the Silverado Modjeska Master Plan of Trails is to provide goals and objectives to direct the development and operation of a District-wide public trail system that serves the recreational needs of equestrians, pedestrians (walkers, hikers and joggers), and mountain bikers (non-motorized). Goals Goal 1: Provide a useful, enjoyable, safe, and efficient riding and hiking trail system for the District and to meet the needs and desires of the community. Goal 2: Create trail linkages between open space and recreation facilities, between community, municipal, state, and federal trail systems, and create connectivity to surrounding communities. -
Fremontodendron Mexicanum (Mexican Flannelbush)
Fremontodendron mexicanum (Mexican flannelbush) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation Fremontodendron mexicanum, Photo by J. Snapp-Cook, USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office Carlsbad, California August 14, 2009 2009 5-year Review for Fremontodendron mexicanum 5-YEAR REVIEW Fremontodendron mexicanum (Mexican flannelbush) I. GENERAL INFORMATION Purpose of 5-Year Reviews: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is required by section 4(c)(2) of the Endangered Species Act (Act) to conduct a review of each listed species at least once every 5 years. The purpose of a 5-year review is to evaluate whether or not the species’ status has changed since it was listed (or since the most recent 5-year review). Based on the 5-year review, we recommend whether the species should be removed from the list of endangered and threatened species, be changed in status from endangered to threatened, or be changed in status from threatened to endangered. Our original listing of a species as endangered or threatened is based on the existence of threats attributable to one or more of the five threat factors described in section 4(a)(1) of the Act, and we must consider these same five factors in any subsequent consideration of reclassification or delisting of a species. In the 5-year review, we consider the best available scientific and commercial data on the species, and focus on new information available since the species was listed or last reviewed. If we recommend a change in listing status based on the results of the 5-year review, we must propose to do so through a separate rule-making process defined in the Act that includes public review and comment. -
Origins of Plant Diversity in the California Floristic Province
ES45CH16-Baldwin ARI 27 October 2014 11:34 Origins of Plant Diversity in the California Floristic Province Bruce G. Baldwin Jepson Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-2465; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2014. 45:347–69 Keywords The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and California flora, endemism, plant evolution, phytogeography, speciation Systematics is online at ecolsys.annualreviews.org This article’s doi: Abstract 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135847 Recent biogeographic and evolutionary studies have led to improved under- Copyright c 2014 by Annual Reviews. standing of the origins of exceptionally high plant diversity in the California All rights reserved Floristic Province (CA-FP). Spatial analyses of Californian plant diversity and endemism reinforce the importance of geographically isolated areas of high topographic and edaphic complexity as floristic hot spots, in which the Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2014.45:347-369. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org relative influence of factors promoting evolutionary divergence and buffer- Access provided by University of California - Berkeley on 12/03/14. For personal use only. ing of lineages against extinction has gained increased attention. Molecular phylogenetic studies spanning the flora indicate that immediate sources of CA-FP lineages bearing endemic species diversity have been mostly within North America—especially within the west and southwest—even for groups of north temperate affinity, and that most diversification of extant lineages in the CA-FP has occurred since the mid-Miocene, with the transition toward summer-drying. Process-focused studies continue to implicate environmen- tal heterogeneity at local or broad geographic scales in evolutionary diver- gence within the CA-FP, often associated with reproductive or life-history shifts or sometimes hybridization. -
Chapter VII Recreation Element
CHAPTER VII. RECREATION ELEMENT VII. RECREATION ELEMENT CA/KB OVERVIEW The Recreation Element, one of the nine Regional Riding and Hiking Trails elements of the General Plan, contains Component official policies pertaining to the acquisition, Regional Recreation Facilities development, operation, maintenance, and Component financing of the County's varied recreation facilities, which include regional recreation The first section provides an overview of the facilities, local parks, and riding and hiking purpose of the Recreation Element followed trails. by the Constraints and Opportunities section. The remaining three sections are the The Recreation Element text includes five Recreation Element components as listed main sections: above. Each component includes a master plan with goals, objectives, policies and Purpose of the Element implementation programs. Constraints and Opportunities Local Parks Component VII-1 CHAPTER VII. RECREATION ELEMENT PURPOSE OF THE ELEMENT 1) Environmental; 2) Governmental; The Recreation Element is mandated by 3) Economic/market; and Government Code Section 65303(a). This 4) Legal. Recreation Element sets forth a comprehensive strategy for the acquisition, Policies and implementation programs strive development, operation, maintenance, to mitigate or eliminate these constraints and management and financing of County to maximize identified recreation recreation facilities which are necessary to opportunities. meet Orange County's existing and future recreation needs. This strategy is expressed Constraints as an integrated framework of recreation goals, objectives, policies and programs. Environmental Constraints The policies and programs of the Recreation NOISE Element form an effective implementation The major sources of significant noise plan to meet the established goals. The (65+ CNEL) in Orange County are Recreation Element serves to guide and direct aircraft and highway vehicles. -
TAXON:Chiranthodendron Pentadactylon Larreat
TAXON: Chiranthodendron SCORE: -4.0 RATING: Low Risk pentadactylon Larreat. Taxon: Chiranthodendron pentadactylon Larreat. Family: Malvaceae Common Name(s): devil's hand tree Synonym(s): Cheirostemon platanoides Humb. & Bonpl. Mexican handplant monkey hand tree Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 5 Dec 2016 WRA Score: -4.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Tropical Tree, Ornamental, Medicinal, Bat-Pollinated, Arillate Seeds Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 ? outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see -
Remembering Lee W. Lenz (1915–2019)
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 37 Issue 1 Issue 1–2 Article 3 2019 Remembering Lee W. Lenz (1915–2019) Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation (2020) "Remembering Lee W. Lenz (1915–2019)," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 37: Iss. 1, Article 3. Available at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol37/iss1/3 Aliso, 37(1–2), pp. 74–76 ISSN: 0065-6275 (print), 2327-2929 (online) REMEMBERING LEE W. LENZ (1915–2019) This obituary draws on several sources, published1 and un- Europe and Russia. Lee succeeded Philip Munz as Director in published, written by J. Travis Columbus, James Henrick- 1960. He held this position until retirement in 1983. During that son, Lucinda McDade, Carol Wilson and Linda Worlow. time, Lee was actively involved in research, writing articles and authoring books, alongside his directorial duties. He wrote reg- On 27 October 2019, Dr. Lee Wayne Lenz, Director Emer- ular and detailed “Director’s Reports” for Aliso, covering such itus of Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden (RSABG)2, passed disparate topics as listing the destination of shipments of seeds away at the age of 104. Born and raised in Bozeman, Montana, and cuttings sent to institutions worldwide or deploring vandals Lee graduated from Bozeman High School in the early 1930s. who had defaced plant identification labels on the grounds that His interest in plants was already evident at this time, choosing were later retrieved from the pond. He also published scientific botany as his Major while attending Montana State College in articles in Aliso (Table 1) and elsewhere and authored numerous Bozeman. -
May 14, 2020 City of Mission Viejo Planning Department Mission Viejo
May 14, 2020 City of Mission Viejo Planning Department Mission Viejo, California 92691 Attention Elaine Lister, Community Development Director Eric Nelson, Vice President of Land Development Trumark Companies 450 Newport Center Drive, Suite 300, Newport Beach, CA 92660 Subject: Cultural Resources Assessment and Summary, El Toro Road TTM 19035 - CEQA MND Project, Mission Viejo, California Dear Mr. Nelson: This memorandum summarizes the cultural resources investigation for the El Toro Road TTM 19035 project. It includes a cultural context, a discussion of cultural and paleontological records searches, and provides mitigation recommendations. Project Location The proposed El Toro Road TTM 19035 project in Mission Viejo involves a Zone Change and a General Plan Amendment from Open Space/Recreation to Residential to allow for the development of 91 multiple-family dwelling units on approximately 3.8 acres; including 1.41 acres of private access ways and parking areas, and 10.63 acres of open space slope and landscaping The project site is located on El Toro Road between Marguerite Parkway and State Route 241. The site is currently undeveloped and consists of a hilly, heavily vegetated terrain ranging in elevation from 845 feet to 1,020 feet. The project site is surrounded by a parking lot and office building to the west, State Route 241 to the east, open space slope and multiple-family land uses to the south and a self-storage facility to the north. Figure 1. Cultural Context A long-standing tenet of New World archaeology has been that man did not arrive in the western hemisphere until about 10,000 to 11,000 Years Before Present (YBP). -
Orange County Vegetation Mapping Update Phase II
Orange County Vegetation Mapping Update Phase II FINAL VEGETATION MAPPING REPORT April 2015 Aerial Information Systems, Inc. Redlands, California Acknowledgements Mapping vegetation in Orange County, California was one of the most challenging efforts in our long history at Aerial Information Systems. The project would not have been possible without the funding and project management provided by the Nature Reserve of Orange County (NROC). We are grateful for the opportunity to work with Milan Mitrovich, NROC project manager, who provided all the logistic planning and field coordination, in addition to his time in the field. We are also indebted to Todd Keeler- Wolf and Anne Klein, of the California Department of Fish & Wildlife who provided us their expertise and many invaluable hours in the field. We would also like to thank Jennifer Buck-Diaz, Julie Evens, Sara Taylor, Daniel Hastings and Jamie Ratchford of the California Native Plant Society, who provided the accuracy assessment of our vegetation database and mapping product, we appreciate all of their efforts. There were many more people and organizations that helped make this a successful project, and to all we are grateful. However, special thanks to Zach Principe of The Nature Conservancy, Cara Allen from the California Department of Fish & Wildlife, Will Miller from the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Jutta Burger & Megan Lulow from the Irvine Ranch Conservancy, and Laura Cohen and Barbara Norton from the Orange County Parks Department for their support in the field. We are also grateful for a highly detailed map, by Rachael Woodfield from Merkel & Associates, which we incorporated into our final product, in addition to Peter Bowler who helped us with the marshlands on the University of California, Irvine. -
Evolution of the Californian Closed-Cone Pine Forest
EVOLUTION OF THE CALIFORNIAN CLOSED-CONE PINE FOREST Daniel I. Axelrod University of California, Los Angeles ABSTRACT Fossil closed-cone pines similar to Californian species that now inhabit maritime and interior areas were already established as distinct adaptive groups in Miocene time. Their fossil as sociates suggest that floristically the closed-cone pine forests are part of the Madro-Tertiary Geoflora. Species ancestral to the pines and their associated endemics evidently represented mem bers of a highly temperate phase of the geoflora that reached the coastal strip in Oligocene time. The pines and their associates probably did not evolve in insular isolation, but in the temperate uplands in the interior. As more extreme climates developed there, the pine forests migrated coast-ward to survive under mild maritime climate, and also southward where related species per sist in the uplands of Mexico under highly temperate climate. INTRODUCTION Closed-cone pines of California and Baja California contrib ute to forests dominated by trees of generally small size that have persistent cones. They comprise two divergent adaptive groups, maritime and interior. The maritime species (Pinus muri¬ cata, P. radiata, P. remorata) form stands that are scattered dis¬ continuously along the outer coast and on islands from near Trinidad Head south for 1,100 miles to Cedros Island (fig. 1). P. muricata has the greatest range, extending from the far north (Trinidad Head) to the far south (Cedros Island). P. radiata oc curs near Ano Nuevo Point, at Monterey-Carmel, San Simeon- Cambria, and on Guadalupe and Cedros1 islands where it is rep resented by the variety binata. -
Chapter 4 Phytomorph and Geomorph Identification ©
1 Chapter 4 Phytomorph and Geomorph Identification © This Chapter is based on three published works: (1) a paper by Hugh O Neall (1944) that identifies two New World plants (sunflower and chili peppers) in the Voynich manuscript; (2) a paper of Tucker and Talbert (2013) which identified 39 plants in the Voynich as indigenous to the New World; (3) a paper by Tucker and Janick (2016) which extended the list to 59 species. Although many of the illustrations of the Voynich Codex on first blush could be considered bizarre or whimsical (See Figure in Chapter 14) most contain morphological structures which permit botanical identification. Many enthusiasts have attempted to analyze the plants of the Voynich Codex, but few are knowledgeable plant taxonomists or botanists, despite their large web presence. Most of the plant identification has been predicated on the conclusion that the Voynich is a 15th century European manuscript (Friedman 1962). The principal reports in a web report by non botanists Edith and Erica Sherwood (http:www.edithsherwood.comn/coyhnich_botanical_plants) who identifies he plants as Mediterranean based on their premise that Voynich is a 15th century Italian manuscript and claims to find signature of Leonardo da Vinci in voynich drawings. We respectfully disagree with both assertions. The first exception to the conclusion that the Voynich plants were European is a short remarkable 1944 paper in Speculum (a refereed journal of the Medieval Academy of America) by the distinguished plant taxonomist, the Rev./Dr. Hugh O’Neill (1894–1969), former Director of the Herbarium (official acronym LCU) at the Catholic University of America (CUA) in Washington, D.C. -
Fremontodendron Coville: Fremontia, Flannelbush
F Sterculiaceae—Sterculia family Fremontodendron Coville fremontia, flannelbush Susan E. Meyer Dr. Meyer is a research ecologist at the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station’s Shrub Sciences Laboratory, Provo, Utah Growth habit, occurrence, and use. The genus seeds are cast from the capsules by wind, hail, or animal Fremontodendron is endemic to California and adjacent disturbances (Nord 1974). The seeds have a more or less areas of Arizona and Baja California. It includes 2 common well-developed caruncle or elaiosome at the micropylar end and 1 rare species (table 1) (Kelman 1991). Fremontias are (figure 1), and there is good evidence of dispersal by har- shrubs or small trees with evergreen leaves that are alternate, vester ants, at least for eldorado fremontia (Boyd 1996). In entire to lobed, and covered with characteristic stellate hairs. that species, the testa is much thicker under the elaiosome They are components of chaparral vegetation and are able to than at other positions on the seed (figure 2), apparently as a resprout abundantly after fire. The resprouts are valuable protection from the ant dispersers that eat the elaiosomes. forage for deer and domestic livestock (Nord 1974). These ants act as predators on seeds that do not possess an Fremontias are handsome plants that are used extensively in elaiosome “bribe.” California for roadside and residential landscaping and are Seed collection, cleaning, and storage. Fremontias becoming known as native garden plants (Holmes 1993). grow rapidly and reach reproductive age the second season Interspecific hybrids such as F. mexicanum × F. californicum ‘California Glory’ have been developed for horticultural use.