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98 Revista Parasitología 67 69 Preliminary data about the parasitism caused by Protozoa, Helminths and Ticks in cervids and wild bovids from Salamanca (western Spain). Ramajo Martín, V.; Pérez Sánchez, R.; Ramajo Hernández, A.; Oleaga, A. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (CSIC). Unidad de Patología Animal. 37008 Salamanca. Received: 30.01.06 DEDICATORIA: Accepted: 03.07.06 A la memoria de Ignacio Navarrete López-Cózar, parasitólogo de vocación, que siempre se sintió fascinado por la parasitología de la fauna silvestre. Summary: A parasitological screening was carried out on faeces and cadavers (n=38) from wild animals shot in the Las Batuecas National Reserve and in some private game reserves of the Salamanca province (Spain). The following parasites were identified: Babesia/Theileria spp . Were found in red deer, fallow deer and mouflon. Sarcocystis spp . Was found in roe deer, fallow deer, mouflon, red deer and Spanish ibex. Eimeria spp . In Spanish ibex, mouflon, roe deer and red deer. Cryptosporidium spp. Was found in fallow deer, mouflon and red deer. Dicrocoelium dendriticum was found in red deer, fallow deer and mouflon. Paramphistomum cervi was found in red deer. Moniezia spp . Was present in Spanish ibex, fallow deer, roe deer and red deer and Echinococcus hydatidosus was detected in male Spanish ibexes. Elaphostrongylus cervi in roe deer and red deer. Cystoculus ocreatus in Spanish ibex and Protostrongylus/Muellerius in roe deer, red deer, fallow deer and mouflon. Gastrointestinal nematodes appeared in nearly 100% of the animals: Ostertagia spp. In red deer; Spiculopteragia asymmetrica in fallow deer; Teladorsagia davtiani in roe deer; T. circumcincta in mouflon, red deer, Spanish ibex; Trichostrongylus axei in mouflon, red deer and roe deer; T. vitrinus, Cooperia oncophora and Oesophagostomum venulosum in mouflon; Nematodirus filicollis in roe deer, N. spathiger in mouflon and red deer; Cappillaria sp . In red deer and Trichuris ovis in whole host species. Hard ticks were removed from red deer ( Haemophysalis punctata and Ripicephalus bursa ) and fallow deer ( Ixodes ricinus ). In the Salamanca province all these wild ruminants share epidemiological links with domestic ruminants bred in extensive-system farms. Key words: cervids, wild bovids, parasites, Salamanca province (Spain). Resumen: Se estudian heces y 38 cadáveres de animales abatidos en caza en la Reserva Regional de Las Batuecas y cotos privados de Salamanca. La parasitofauna registrada fue la siguiente: Piroplasmas sin determinar (Babesia/Theileria) aparecieron en ciervo, gamo y muflón. Sarcocystis spp . en corzo, gamo, muflon, ciervo y cabra montés. Eimeria spp. en cabra montés, muflón, corzo y ciervo. Cryptosporidium spp. en gamo, muflón y ciervo. Dicrocoelium dendriticum en ciervo, gamo y muflón, y Paramphistomum cervi en cier - vo. Moniezia spp . en cabra montés, gamo, corzo y ciervo, y Echinococcus hydatidosus en macho montés. Protostrongylidae extrapulmo - nares ( Elaphostrongylus cervi ) en corzo y ciervo. Protostrongylidae pulmonares en cabra montés ( Cystocaulus ocreatus ), corzo, ciervo, gamo y muflón ( Protostrongylus/Muellerius ). Nematodos gastroentéricos en prácticamente el 100% de los animales: Ostertagia spp . en ciervo; Spiculopteragia asimétrica en gamo; Teladorsagia davtiani en corzo; T. circumcincta en muflón, ciervo y cabra montés; Trichostrongylus axei en muflón, ciervo y corzo; T. vitrinus , Cooperia oncophora y Oesophagostomum venulosum en muflón; Nematodirus filicollis en corzo; N. spathiger en muflón y ciervo; Capillaria sp . en ciervo y Trichuris ovis en todas las especies hospeda - doras. Garrapatas se localizaron en ciervos ( Haemophysalis punctata y Ripicephalus bursa ) y gamos ( Ixodes ricinus ). En el área salman - tina, estos animales comparten vínculos epidemiológicos con los rumiantes domésticos de explotación extensiva . Palabras clave: cérvidos, bóvidos silvestres, parásitos, Salamanca (España). Corresponding author: 1. Introduction Dr. Vicente Ramajo Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (CSIC). The Regional Game Reserve of Las Unidad de Patología Animal. Batuecas, located in the mountains of the Sierra de C/ Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca Tel. 923-219606. Fax. 923-219609 Francia (Province of Salamanca), currently har - E-mail: [email protected] bours a noteworthy colony of Spanish ibexes Revista Ibérica de Parasitología (2007), 67 (1-4), 69-77. © 2007 Sociedad Española de Parasitología (SEP) 70 Ramajo Martín, V., et al., Parasites of wild ruminants from Salamanca (Capra pyrenaica victoriae) that started to be re- In this article we offer opening results from a introduced in 1974 by consecutive repopulations recently initiated study whose aims are to know the with specimens coming from the Sierra de Gredos parasitological status of the populations of wild (Losa, 1989). Together with the Spanish ibexes, ruminants of Salamanca and to analyze the epidemi - here also lives a big population of roe deer ological relationship between these populations and (Capreolus capreolus ), which is currently expand - those of domestic ruminants with which they co- ing over the boundaries of the game reserve, from inhabit in the extensive farm systems. These two the mount slopes to the adjacent extensive farms objectives are in accordance with that is currently (dehesas) devoted to the livestock breeding. asked on this topic in Spain (Sebastián et al., 2005). In addition, in the Salamanca province there are registered 22 private game reserves (four of them 2. Material and Methods classified as intensive big game reserves), which are We examined a total of 38 whole cadavers of mostly located in the mountains of the so called diverse adult animals shot in several shooting par - Sierras of Gata, Francia and Bejar, in places of medi - ties: 11 roe deers (eight males and three females), um to high altitude and in meadows with abundant eight red deers (four males and four females), eight oak and holm oak woods. In all these reserves is usual fallow deers (five males and three females), eight to add the livestock breeding to the hunting activities. mouflons (five males and three females) and three Among these reserves, fourteen of them are Spanish ibexes (two males and one female). In addi - exclusively for roe deer, three for red deer ( Cervus tion, we examined also 100 samples of faeces from elaphus ), one for roe deer and red deer, one for red Spanish ibexes of various ages. deer and fallow deer ( Dama dama ) and the last The Spanish ibexes and roe deers came from three joint together red deer, fallow deer and mou - Las Batuecas and the rest from private reserves flon ( Ovis musimon ). from the Salamanca province. The studies carried out in Spain on the Protozoa, In each cadaver a whole parasitological Helminths and Ixodids from wild ruminants have been necropsy was performed according to the proce - scarce and partial until the 90’s but they have experi - dures described by Valcárcel et al. (2000) for the enced a noteworthy increase in the last decade. Now it collection and analysis of parasites in small rumi - can be said that it have been investigated the parasites nants, namely, ectoparasites on hair and skin, and of every species of cervids and wild bovids present in head, thoracic and abdominal contents including the almost all national, regional, private and communal whole respiratory and alimentary tracts, viscera, game reserves throughout the national territory tight muscles, blood and faeces. (Hernández et al., 1980; García Fernández et al., 1989; The parasite forms recovered were preserved Hueli and Díaz, 1989; Breña et al., 1989; Meana et al., in 10% formalin or 70% ethanol for later study and 1996; Lavín et al., 1998; Díez Baños et al., 1999; identification. The muscle samples were preserved at Hidalgo et al., 2001; Panadero et al., 2001; Vicente and 4ºC and examined in the following 48 hours. Blood Gortázar, 2001; Santín Durán, 2002; Valcárcel et al., extensions were also immediately prepared, fixed 2002; Pérez et al., 2003; García Romero, 2003; Santín and stained with Giemsa. The fecal samples were Durán et al., 2004; Ruíz de Ibáñez et al., 2004). analyzed by the method of Parfitt (1958) for protozoa Notwithstanding, the information about all oocysts and helminth eggs, Boray (1969) for heavy those parasitisms in the populations of wild animals eggs and Kinyoun for Cryptosporidium sp. of the province of Salamanca is yet insufficient. Our The identification of the parasites was essen - group has recently carried out a preliminary parasito - tially based on their descriptions by the following logical study on faeces of roe deers and Spanish ibex - authors: Miodrag and Lewis (1977) and Barnett es from las Batuecas that has revealed the need of (1977) for Piroplasms; Kenneth and Ernst (1977) for study this topic in more depth (Oleaga et al., 2003). Coccidia; Arrowood (1997) for Cryptosporidium ; Ramajo Martín, V., et al., Parasites of wild ruminants from Salamanca 71 Yamaguti (1961) and Euzeby (1981-82) for 3. Results Helminths; Valcárcel et al., (2000) for Nematoda; All the animals examined were parasitized by Gibbons and Khalil (1982) for trichostrongylids; al least one parasite species. Table 1 shows the par - Jansen and Gibbons (1981) for Ostertagia and asites found in the diverse animal hosts, including Hillyard (1996) and Estrada-Peña (2000) for ticks. the parasites’ prevalences and anatomic locations. There were not carried out comparative statistic High prevalences of unidentified piroplasms
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