DOCSLIB.ORG

University of California Santa Cruz Reef

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of California Santa Cruz Reef UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ REEF FISH ENDEMISM AND GENETIC CONNECTIVITY: PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF ENDEMIC DAMSELFISHES IN THE HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY by Kimberly A. Tenggardjaja June 2014 The dissertation of Kimberly A. Tenggardjaja is approved ____________________________________ Professor Giacomo Bernardi, chair ____________________________________ Researcher Brian Bowen ____________________________________ Professor Pete Raimondi ____________________________________ Professor Mark Carr ____________________________________ Adjunct Assistant Professor Devon Pearse ________________________________ Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Kimberly A. Tenggardjaja 2014 Table of Contents List of tables…………………………………………………………………………..iv List of figures……………………………………………………………………..…viii Abstract……………………………………………………………………………....xii Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………….xiv Introduction……………………………………………………………………………1 Chapter 1………………………………………………………………………………6 Endemism and dispersal in the Hawaiian Archipelago: Comparative phylogeography of three endemic damselfishes Chapter 2……………………………………………………………………………..37 Biogeographic range size and dispersal: Comparative phylogeography of widespread and endemic damselfishes in the Hawaiian Archipelago Chapter 3……………………………………………………………………………..73 Vertical and horizontal connectivity in Chromis verater, an endemic damselfish found on shallow and mesophotic reefs in the Hawaiian Archipelago and adjacent Johnston Atoll References…………………………………………………………………………..108 iii List of Tables Chapter 1 Table 1.1: Molecular diversity indices for A. abdominalis, C. ovalis, and C. verater. Number of individuals (N), number of haplotypes (H), nucleotide diversity (π), haplotype diversity (h), and Fu’s Fs are listed for cytb and CR. FS values in bold are significant (P < 0.05). For A. abdominalis, populations at Gardner Pinnacles (N=1) and Nihoa (N=1) were not included in most analyses due to small sample sizes…...25 Table 1.2: Estimates of tau (τ), pre and post-expansion theta (θ0 and θ1), and coalescence time in years (95% confidence limit of τ) for A. abdominalis, C. ovalis, and C. verater………………………………………………………………………..28 Table 1.3: Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVAs) for A. abdominalis, C. ovalis, and C. verater with percent variation (% variation), fixation indices (ΦCT and ΦST), and associated P values. “/” is used to separate different groupings of sampling locations. “/” is used to separate different groupings of sampling locations. Bold values are significant (P < 0.05). FFS = French Frigate Shoals……………………..29 Table 1.4: Population pairwise ΦST values for A. abdominalis. Cytb below the diagonal and CR above. Bold denotes significant values (P <0.05) and * denotes significance after application of the false discovery rate (P ≤ 0.01)...………………31 Table 1.5: Population pairwise ΦST values for C. ovalis. Cytb below the diagonal and CR above. Bold denotes significant values (P <0.05) and * denotes significance after application of the false discovery rate (P ≤ 0.01)..………………………………….32 iv Table 1.6: Population pairwise ΦST values for C .verater. Cytb below the diagonal and CR above. Bold denotes significant values (P <0.05) and * denotes significance after application of the false discovery rate (P ≤ 0.01)..……………………………..33 Table 1.7: Percentage of significant (P < 0.05) pairwise ΦST comparisons within the NWHI, within the MHI, and between the NWHI and MHI for A. abdominalis, C. ovalis, and C. verater, based on cytb and CR sequence data...………………………34 Chapter 2 Table 2.1: Molecular diversity indices for A. vaigiensis and C. vanderbilti. Number of individuals (N), number of haplotypes (H), nucleotide diversity (π), haplotype diversity (h), and Fu’s Fs are listed for cytb and CR. FS values in bold are significant (P < 0.05). For A. vaigiensis, populations at Kure (N=1), Maro Reef (N=3), and Nihoa (N=3) were not included in most analyses due to small sample sizes.………………62 Table 2.2: Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVAs) for congeneric groupings of widespread and endemic species: 1) widespread A. vaigiensis and endemic A. abdominalis and 2) widespread C. vanderbilti and endemic C. ovalis and C. verater. Percent variation (%variation), fixation indices (ΦCT and ΦST), and associated P values are listed. “/” is used to separate different groupings of sampling locations. Bold values are significant (P < 0.05). FFS = French Frigate Shoals. Data for endemic species is from Chapter 1…………………………………………………………….64 Table 2.3: Population pairwise ΦST values for A. vaigiensis. Cytb below the diagonal and CR above. Bold denotes significant values (P <0.05) and * denotes significance after application of the false discovery rate (P ≤ 0.01). Population pairwise ΦST v comparisons for cytb and CR in A. vaigiensis. Cytb below the diagonal and CR above. Bold denotes significant values at P <0.05 and * denotes significance after application of the false discovery rate (P ≤ 0.01). Locations 1 – 7 are in the Indo- Pacific, and 8 – 18 are in the Hawaiian Archipelago.………………………………..66 Table 2.4: Population pairwise ΦST values for C. vanderbilti. Cytb below the diagonal and CR above. Bold denotes significant values (P <0.05) and * denotes significance after application of the false discovery rate (P ≤ 0.01). Population pairwise ΦST comparisons for cytb and CR in A. vaigiensis. Cytb below the diagonal and CR above. Bold denotes significant values at P <0.05 and * denotes significance after application of the false discovery rate (P ≤ 0.01). Locations 1 – 3 are in the Indo- Pacific, and 4 – 15 are in the Hawaiian Archipelago..………………………………67 Table 2.5: Number of sampling locations in the Hawaiian Archipelago, percentage of significant (P < 0.05) pairwise ΦST comparisons within the NWHI, within the MHI, and between the NWHI and MHI for A. vaigiensis, A. abdominalis, C. vanderbilti, C. ovalis, and C. verater, based on cytb and CR sequence data. Data for endemic species is from Chapter 1…………………………………………………………………….68 Chapter 3 Table 3.1: MtDNA molecular diversity indices for shallow and mesophotic samples of Chromis verater. Number of individuals (N), number of haplotypes (H), nucleotide diversity (π), and haplotype diversity (h) are listed for cytb and CR. Because Midway deep (N=2) and Necker deep (N=1) had small sample sizes, they were included in vi adjacent populations of Pearl and Hermes deep and French Frigate Shoals deep respectively for most population genetic analyses...…………………………………97 Table 3.2: Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVAs) for vertical connectivity in Chromis verater, using different groupings of populations. Percent variation within populations (% variation), fixation indices (ΦST), and associated P values are listed. “/” is used to separate different groupings of sampling locations. Bold values are significant (P < 0.05)……………………………………………………….………..98 Table 3.3: AMOVAs for vertical connectivity runs with sets of shallow subsamples (N=129) in Chromis verater. AMOVAs were run with specimens divided into shallow individuals and deep individuals. Percent variation within populations (% variation), fixation indices (ΦST), and associated P values are listed. Bold values are significant (P < 0.05)……………………………………………………………...…99 Table 3.4: AMOVAs for horizontal connectivity in Chromis verater, using different groupings of populations. “/” is used to separate different groupings of sampling locations. Percent variation within populations (% variation), fixation indices (ΦST), and associated P values are listed. “/” is used to separate different groupings of sampling locations. Bold values are significant (P < 0.05).…………………………………................................100 Table 3.5: Population pairwise ΦST values for Chromis verater. Cytb below the diagonal and CR above. Bold denotes significant values (P <0.05) and * denotes significance after application of the false discovery rate (P ≤ 0.01)…..…………...101 Table 3.6: Nuclear molecular diversity indices for shallow and mesophotic samples of Chromis verater. Number of individuals (N), number of haplotypes (H), nucleotide vii diversity (π), and haplotype diversity (h) are listed for subsample of 94 individuals sequenced for rhodopsin and ITS2 ………………………………………………...102 List of Figures Chapter 1 Figure 1.1: Map of collection locations in the Hawaiian Archipelago and Johnston Atoll for A. abdominalis, C. ovalis, and C. verater (photos left to right). Specimens of all species were collected at each location with the exception of Maro Reef and Johnston Atoll. No C. verater specimens were collected at Maro Reef, and only C. verater specimens were collected at Johnston Atoll. (Photo credit for A. abdominalis: Kim Tenggardjaja. Photo credit for Chromis 499 species: Keoki Stender)..………..35 Figure 1.2: Parsimony-based haplotype networks using cytb sequence data for: (a) A. abdominalis, (b) C. ovalis, and (c) C. verater. Each circle represents a haplotype and is proportional to the frequency of that haplotype. Length of branches is proportional to number of mutations. Networks are color-coded by sampling location .…………36 Figure 1.3: Parsimony-based haplotype networks using CR sequence data for: (a) A. abdominalis, (b) C. ovalis, and (c) C. verater. Each circle represents a haplotype and is proportional to the frequency of that haplotype. Length of branches is proportional to number of mutations. Networks are color-coded by sampling location
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phylogeny of the Damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and Patterns of Asymmetrical Diversification in Body Size and Feeding Ecology
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.07.430149; this version posted February 8, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Phylogeny of the damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and patterns of asymmetrical diversification in body size and feeding ecology Charlene L. McCord a, W. James Cooper b, Chloe M. Nash c, d & Mark W. Westneat c, d a California State University Dominguez Hills, College of Natural and Behavioral Sciences, 1000 E. Victoria Street, Carson, CA 90747 b Western Washington University, Department of Biology and Program in Marine and Coastal Science, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA 98225 c University of Chicago, Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and Committee on Evolutionary Biology, 1027 E. 57th St, Chicago IL, 60637, USA d Field Museum of Natural History, Division of Fishes, 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605 Corresponding author: Mark W. Westneat [email protected] Journal: PLoS One Keywords: Pomacentridae, phylogenetics, body size, diversification, evolution, ecotype Abstract The damselfishes (family Pomacentridae) inhabit near-shore communities in tropical and temperature oceans as one of the major lineages with ecological and economic importance for coral reef fish assemblages. Our understanding of their evolutionary ecology, morphology and function has often been advanced by increasingly detailed and accurate molecular phylogenies. Here we present the next stage of multi-locus, molecular phylogenetics for the group based on analysis of 12 nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences from 330 of the 422 damselfish species.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Reef Fish Dispersal in the Hawaiian Archipelago: Comparative Phylogeography of Three Endemic Damselfishes
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Marine Biology Volume 2016, Article ID 3251814, 17 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3251814 Research Article Reef Fish Dispersal in the Hawaiian Archipelago: Comparative Phylogeography of Three Endemic Damselfishes Kimberly A. Tenggardjaja,1 Brian W. Bowen,2 and Giacomo Bernardi1 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shafer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA 2Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Kimberly A. Tenggardjaja; [email protected] Received 2November 2015; Accepted 8March 2016 Academic Editor: Yehuda Benayahu Copyright © 2016 Kimberly A. Tenggardjaja et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Endemic marine species at remote oceanic islands provide opportunities to investigate the proposed correlation between range size and dispersal ability. Because these species have restricted geographic ranges, it is assumed that they have limited dispersal ability, which consequently would be refected in high population genetic structure. To assess this relationship at a small scale and to determine if it may be related to specifc reef fsh families, here we employ a phylogeographic survey of three endemic Hawaiian damselfshes: Abudefduf abdominalis, Chromis ovalis,andChromis verater. Data from mitochondrial markers cytochrome b and control region revealed low but signifcant genetic structure in all three species. Combining these results with data from a previous study on Dascyllus albisella and Stegastes marginatus,allfveendemicdamselfshspeciessurveyedtodateshowevidence of genetic structure, in contrast with other widespread reef fsh species that lack structure within the Hawaiian Archipelago.
    [Show full text]
  • Pomacentridae): Structural and Expression Variation in Opsin Genes
    Molecular Ecology (2017) 26, 1323–1342 doi: 10.1111/mec.13968 Why UV vision and red vision are important for damselfish (Pomacentridae): structural and expression variation in opsin genes SARA M. STIEB,*† FABIO CORTESI,*† LORENZ SUEESS,* KAREN L. CARLETON,‡ WALTER SALZBURGER† and N. J. MARSHALL* *Sensory Neurobiology Group, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia, †Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel 4051, Switzerland, ‡Department of Biology, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Abstract Coral reefs belong to the most diverse ecosystems on our planet. The diversity in col- oration and lifestyles of coral reef fishes makes them a particularly promising system to study the role of visual communication and adaptation. Here, we investigated the evolution of visual pigment genes (opsins) in damselfish (Pomacentridae) and exam- ined whether structural and expression variation of opsins can be linked to ecology. Using DNA sequence data of a phylogenetically representative set of 31 damselfish species, we show that all but one visual opsin are evolving under positive selection. In addition, selection on opsin tuning sites, including cases of divergent, parallel, conver- gent and reversed evolution, has been strong throughout the radiation of damselfish, emphasizing the importance of visual tuning for this group. The highest functional variation in opsin protein sequences was observed in the short- followed by the long- wavelength end of the visual spectrum. Comparative gene expression analyses of a subset of the same species revealed that with SWS1, RH2B and RH2A always being expressed, damselfish use an overall short-wavelength shifted expression profile. Inter- estingly, not only did all species express SWS1 – a UV-sensitive opsin – and possess UV-transmitting lenses, most species also feature UV-reflective body parts.
    [Show full text]
  • Wainwright-Et-Al.-2012.Pdf
    Copyedited by: ES MANUSCRIPT CATEGORY: Article Syst. Biol. 61(6):1001–1027, 2012 © The Author(s) 2012. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: [email protected] DOI:10.1093/sysbio/sys060 Advance Access publication on June 27, 2012 The Evolution of Pharyngognathy: A Phylogenetic and Functional Appraisal of the Pharyngeal Jaw Key Innovation in Labroid Fishes and Beyond ,∗ PETER C. WAINWRIGHT1 ,W.LEO SMITH2,SAMANTHA A. PRICE1,KEVIN L. TANG3,JOHN S. SPARKS4,LARA A. FERRY5, , KRISTEN L. KUHN6 7,RON I. EYTAN6, AND THOMAS J. NEAR6 1Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616; 2Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605; 3Department of Biology, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI 48502; 4Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024; 5Division of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85069; 6Department of Ecology and Evolution, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; and 7USDA-ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, 501 South Chapel Street, Newark, DE 19713, USA; ∗ Correspondence to be sent to: Department of Evolution & Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-mail: [email protected]. Received 22 September 2011; reviews returned 30 November 2011; accepted 22 June 2012 Associate Editor: Luke Harmon Abstract.—The perciform group Labroidei includes approximately 2600 species and comprises some of the most diverse and successful lineages of teleost fishes.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishes Collected During the 2017 Marinegeo Assessment of Kāne
    Journal of the Marine Fishes collected during the 2017 MarineGEO Biological Association of the ā ‘ ‘ ‘ United Kingdom assessment of K ne ohe Bay, O ahu, Hawai i 1 1 1,2 cambridge.org/mbi Lynne R. Parenti , Diane E. Pitassy , Zeehan Jaafar , Kirill Vinnikov3,4,5 , Niamh E. Redmond6 and Kathleen S. Cole1,3 1Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 159, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA; 2Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Original Article Singapore 117543, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore; 3School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai‘iatMānoa, 2538 McCarthy Mall, Edmondson Hall 216, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; 4Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of Cite this article: Parenti LR, Pitassy DE, Jaafar Aquatic Organisms, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok 690091, Russia; 5Laboratory of Z, Vinnikov K, Redmond NE, Cole KS (2020). 6 Fishes collected during the 2017 MarineGEO Genetics, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Vladivostok 690041, Russia and National Museum of assessment of Kāne‘ohe Bay, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. Natural History, Smithsonian Institution DNA Barcode Network, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 183, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA the United Kingdom 100,607–637. https:// doi.org/10.1017/S0025315420000417 Abstract Received: 6 January 2020 We report the results of a survey of the fishes of Kāne‘ohe Bay, O‘ahu, conducted in 2017 as Revised: 23 March 2020 part of the Smithsonian Institution MarineGEO Hawaii bioassessment. We recorded 109 spe- Accepted: 30 April 2020 cies in 43 families.
    [Show full text]
  • Perciformes: Pomacentridae) of the Eastern Pacific
    LINNE AN .«ito/ BIOLOGICAL “W s o c í e T Y JournalLirmean Society Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 102, 593-613. With 9 figures Patterns of morphological evolution of the cephalic region in damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) of the Eastern Pacific ROSALÍA AGUILAR-MEDRANO1*, BRUNO FRÉDÉRICH2, EFRAÍN DE LUNA 3 and EDUARDO F. BALART1 laboratorio de Necton y Ecología de Arrecifes, y Colección Ictiológica, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090 México 2Laboratoire de Morphologie fonctionnelle et évolutive, Institut de Chimie (B6c), Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium 3Departamento de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, AC, Xalapa, Veracruz 91000 México Received 20 May 2010; revised 21 September 2010; accepted for publication 22 September 2010 Pomacentridae are one of the most abundant fish families inhabiting reefs of tropical and temperate regions. This family, comprising 29 genera, shows a remarkable diversity of habitat preferences, feeding, and behaviours. Twenty-four species belonging to seven genera have been reported in the Eastern Pacific region. The present study focuses on the relationship between the diet and the cephalic profile in the 24 endemic damselfishes of this region. Feeding habits were determined by means of underwater observations and the gathering of bibliographic data. Variations in cephalic profile were analyzed by means of geometric morphometries and phylogenetic methods. The present study shows that the 24 species can be grouped into three main trophic guilds: zooplanktivores, algivores, and an intermediate group feeding on small pelagic and benthic preys. Shape variations were low within each genus except for Abudefduf. Phylogenetically adjusted regression reveals that head shape can be explained by differences in feeding habits.
    [Show full text]
  • Fotw Classification Detailed Version
    1 Classification of fishes from Fishes of the World 5th Edition. Nelson, JS, Grande, TC, and Wilson, MVH. 2016. This is a more detailed version of the listing in the book’s Table of Contents. Order and Family numbers are in parentheses; the page number follows a comma; † indicates extinct taxon. If you spot errors, please let us know at [email protected]. Latest update January 11, 2018. PHYLUM CHORDATA, 13 SUBPHYLUM UROCHORDATA—tunicates, 15 Class ASCIDIACEA—ascidians, 15 Class THALIACEA—salps, 15 Order PYROSOMIDA, 15 Order DOLIOLIDA, 15 Order SALPIDA, 15 Class APPENDICULARIA, 15 SUBPHYLUM CEPHALOCHORDATA, 16 Order AMPHIOXIFORMES—lancelets, 16 Family BRANCHIOSTOMATIDAE, 16 Family EPIGONICHTHYIDAE, 16 †SUBPHYLUM CONODONTOPHORIDA—conodonts, 17 †Class CONODONTA, 17 SUBPHYLUM CRANIATA, 18 INFRAPHYLUM MYXINOMORPHI, 19 Class MYXINI, 20 Order MYXINIFORMES (1)—hagfishes, 20 Family MYXINIDAE (1)—hagfishes, 20 Subfamily Rubicundinae, 21 Subfamily Eptatretinae, 21 Subfamily Myxininae, 21 INFRAPHYLUM VERTEBRATA—vertebrates, 22 †Anatolepis, 22 Superclass PETROMYZONTOMORPHI, 23 Class PETROMYZONTIDA, 23 Order PETROMYZONTIFORMES (2)—lampreys, 23 †Family MAYOMYZONTIDAE, 24 Family PETROMYZONTIDAE (2)—northern lampreys, 24 Subfamily Petromyzontinae, 24 Subfamily Lampetrinae, 25 Family GEOTRIIDAE (3)—southern lampreys, 25 Family MORDACIIDAE (4)—southern topeyed lampreys, 26 †Superclass PTERASPIDOMORPHI, 26 †Class PTERASPIDOMORPHA, 26 Subclass ASTRASPIDA, 27 †Order ASTRASPIDIFORMES, 27 Subclass ARANDASPIDA, 27 †Order ARANDASPIDIFORMES,
    [Show full text]
  • Reef Fish Dispersal in the Hawaiian Archipelago: Comparative Phylogeography of Three Endemic Damselfishes
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Marine Biology Volume 2016, Article ID 3251814, 17 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3251814 Research Article Reef Fish Dispersal in the Hawaiian Archipelago: Comparative Phylogeography of Three Endemic Damselfishes Kimberly A. Tenggardjaja,1 Brian W. Bowen,2 and Giacomo Bernardi1 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, SantaCruz,CA95060,USA 2Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Kimberly A. Tenggardjaja; [email protected] Received 2 November 2015; Accepted 8 March 2016 Academic Editor: Yehuda Benayahu Copyright © 2016 Kimberly A. Tenggardjaja et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Endemic marine species at remote oceanic islands provide opportunities to investigate the proposed correlation between range size and dispersal ability. Because these species have restricted geographic ranges, it is assumed that they have limited dispersal ability, which consequently would be reflected in high population genetic structure. To assess this relationship at a small scale and to determine if it may be related to specific reef fish families, here we employ a phylogeographic survey of three endemic Hawaiian damselfishes: Abudefduf abdominalis, Chromis ovalis,andChromis verater. Data from mitochondrial markers cytochrome b and control region revealed low but significant genetic structure in all three species. Combining these results with data froma previous study on Dascyllus albisella and Stegastes marginatus, all five endemic damselfish species surveyed to date show evidence of genetic structure, in contrast with other widespread reef fish species that lack structure within the Hawaiian Archipelago.
    [Show full text]
  • Robertsonian Rearrangements in the Reef Fish Chromis (Perciformes, Pomacentridae) Involving Chromosomes Bearing 5S Rrna Genes
    Genetics and Molecular Biology, 25, 4, 373-377 (2002) Copyright by the Brazilian Society of Genetics. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br Research Article Robertsonian rearrangements in the reef fish Chromis (Perciformes, Pomacentridae) involving chromosomes bearing 5s rRNA genes Wagner F. Molina1 and Pedro M. Galetti-Jr2 1Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Natal, RN, Brazil. 2Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Abstract Cytogenetic studies were done on three Pomacentridae species of the genus Chromis. The karyotype of C. multilineata consisted of 48 acrocentric chromosomes (FN = 48), C. insolata had 2n = 46-47 (3-4M+6SM+36-38A; FN = 56) and C. flavicauda had 2n = 39 (9M+6SM+24A; FN = 54). Robertsonian polymorphisms were detected in C. insolata and C. flavicauda. All three species had small heterochromatic blocks restricted to centromeric regions. Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were detected in the telomeric position of a medium acrocentric chromosome pair in C. multilineata and in non-homologous chromosomes in both C. flavicauda and C. insolata. FISH with a telomeric probe detected no internal telomeric sequences in C. flavicauda and C. insolata. 5S rRNA genes were observed in a pericentromeric region of two large metacentric chromosome pairs in C. flavicauda and two large acrocentric pairs in C. insolata. The karyotype structure and the number and location of the 5S rDNA loci in these two species indicated that the 5S rRNA-bearing acrocentric chromosomes were directly involved in the origin of the polymorphisms observed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Biogeography of Coral Reef Fishes: Global Patterns Of
    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2013) 40, 209–224 SYNTHESIS The historical biogeography of coral reef fishes: global patterns of origination and dispersal Peter F. Cowman* and David R. Bellwood School of Marine and Tropical Biology, and ABSTRACT Australian Research Council Centre of Aim To use recently published phylogenies of three major reef fish families to Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook explore global patterns of species origin and dispersal over the past 65 million University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia years. The key questions are: when and where did reef fishes arise, and how has this shaped current biodiversity patterns? Location Biogeographic reconstructions were performed on globally distrib- uted reef fish lineages. Patterns of lineage origination and dispersal were explored in five major biogeographic regions: the East Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian Ocean, the Indo-Australian Archipelago hotspot, and the Central Pacific. Methods A dispersal, extinction and cladogenesis (DEC) model implemented in Lagrange was used to infer the most likely biogeographic scenarios at nodes on chronograms of three diverse reef fish families (Labridae, Pomacen- tridae, Chaetodontidae). For the terminal branches ANOVA was used to com- pare patterns of origination on a regional and global scale. Patterns of origination and dispersal were examined within discrete time periods for the five biogeographic regions. Results Temporal examination of hypothetical ancestral lineages reveal a pat- tern of increasing isolation of the East Pacific and Atlantic regions from the Eocene, and the changing role of the Indo-Australian Archipelago from a loca- tion of accumulating ranges in the Palaeo/Eocene, a centre of origination in the Miocene, to extensive expansion of lineages into adjacent regions from the Pliocene to Recent.
    [Show full text]
  • A U K an Ha a H W I'i 'Imi Lo
    _ A�u K��an�haPursuing new�a knowledgeH�w�i brings‘i bountiful‘imi rewards. lo�. Hawaiian phrase by Zepherin Kepelino Kahoali‘i Keauokalani from Kepelino's Traditions of Hawaii (Beckwith, Martha Wl, ed., Bernice P. PERMITTED ACTIVITIES Bishop Museum Bulletin 95, 1932). Front cover photo by Kaipo Kī‘aha, Polynesian Voyaging Society and ‘Ōiwi TV. Back cover photo by NOAA 2015 ANNUAL REPORT and Richard Pyle/Bishop Museum. Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................4 Research Expedition Finds Highest Known Rates of Endemism ................................................................................................... 28 Ua pa‘a nā inoa kahiko – Ancient Names Remembered .......................................................................... 6 Researchers Follow up on Major Coral Timeline of Protections ........................................................................................................................... 8 Bleaching Event in Papahānaumokuākea ......................................................................................... 30 MONUMENT PERMITTING PROGRAM ............................................. 10 Researchers Discover New Moth Species on Nihoa Island ............................................................................................................ 32 Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 10 Presidential Proclamation 8031 ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Dascyllus Trimaculatus (Perciformes, Pomacentridae) in Thailand
    © 2017 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 82(1) Special Issue: 51–57 Chromosomal Characteristics of the Three-Spot Damselfish, Dascyllus trimaculatus (Perciformes, Pomacentridae) in Thailand Nuntaporn Getlekha1, Weerayuth Supiwong2*, Pun Yeesin3, Puan Pengseng4, Wannapa Kasiroek5 and Alongklod Tanomtong1 1 Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 2 Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Muang, Nong Khai 43000, Thailand 3 Department of Technology and Industries, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University (Pattani), Muang, Pattani 94000, Thailand 4 School of Agricultural of Technology, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand 5 Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand Received February 11, 2015; accepted January 5, 2016 Summary The present study aims to analyze concerned karyotyping and idiograming of the three-spot dam- selfish (Dascyllus trimaculatus) in Thailand. Chromosomes were prepared from kidney tissues of fish reared at Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chonburi Province. The mitotic chromosomes were harvested by the colchicine-hypotonic-fixation-air drying method. Conventional and Ag-NOR staining techniques were ap- plied to stain the chromosomes. The results showed that D. trimaculatus had 2n=48, and the fundamental num- ber (NF) was 50 without heteromorphic sex chromosomes. The types of chromosomes are 2 large acrocentric, 36 large terocentric and 10 medium telocentric chromosomes. The Ag-NOR banding exhibited that a single pair of NORs was presented on the short arm region of the large acrocentric chromosome. Basic knowledge on cytoge- netics of D.
    [Show full text]