The Evolution of the Environmental Stewardship Program
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THE EVOLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM Rob Line Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation October 24, 2012 History of Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation (DSP) • The first properties were managed by the Delaware Parks Commission; Trap Pond State Park and Ft. Delaware circa 1950 (former federal properties). • In 1970, DSP was established as a new division within of the newly formed DNREC. • By 1980, DSP managed 10,000 acres of land state- wide in 10 different State Parks Trap Pond 1975; harvest cut, burned and planted Open Space & Natural Areas Programs • Open Space Program was established with dedicated funding to purchase “open space lands” between 1990 and today for several state agencies…F&W, Forestry, Cultural & Historic Affairs • These purchases increased State Park lands by 60% since 1980; up to 25,000 acres! • Natural Areas Program conducted habitat evaluations statewide for possible protection. Began the first statewide forest mapping program in the state, which others continue to use and improve today. Pushed for the use of 1937 state aerials as a GIS resource tool, which Coastal Management then funded and completed. 20 Years of Delaware’s Protection Efforts By 1999, 54,735 acres on the Natural Areas Inventory 1978 was under some form of 1988 protection. Natural Areas Natural Areas Inventory Inventory 55,000 acres The Open Space 100,000 acres Acquisition Program had purchased 9,570 acres of this total during the 1990 preceding 9 years. State Resource Areas Yet 50% of rare plant animal 250,000 acres species identified by the Delaware Natural Heritage Program were not on lands targeted for protection. Are we protecting the best sites? Assessment of Park Habitats- 1995-2000 (Natural Areas Inventory Mapping) 1. Forest Cover Inventory in Tulip Tree Woods Nature Preserve Brandywine Creek State Park - 1996-7; Katie Henderson (SN) 2. White Clay Creek Forest Inventory – 1996-7; Karen Guerrina INT 3. Meadow/Hayfield Assessment – 1998; Karen Zyko (SCA Intern) 4. Worked with Jim O’Neil and Kay Hajek (SCA) to establish the first deer spotlight surveys and resident Canada Goose Program in 2000 5. Deer Exclosure Study – 2001-2; Kay Hajek and Kendall Sommers established first 8 exclosures in WCC & BCSP In 2000, I proposed a Natural Areas Management Program to the Division…. •What are DSP natural areas management (NAM) goals ? •How do we achieve these goals? •What resources currently exist to achieve these goals? What is needed? •How are all Parks Sections going to be involved in the process? 01/21/1999 Define and Identify Conservation Targets: - Such as high quality, biologically diverse habitats Stewardship Program Established • The Delaware Legislature Established by Delaware Code Chapter 88, Formerly House Bill No. 192 as amended by House Amendment No. 1, created an act to amend Title 30 of the Delaware Code relating to the Realty Transfer Tax • This legislation created an account with the Land and Water Conservation Trust Fund for monies to be distributed to various state agencies in the following ratio: • Division of Parks and Recreation- 35%; • Division of Fish and Wildlife – 35%; • Department of Agriculture Forestry Section– 20%; and • Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs – 10%. • The monies were to be used for “…the planning for, and implementation of, management projects on public lands that promote cultural preservation and conservation activities related to plants and animals and their habitat." Division of Parks and Recreation: Cultural and Environmental Stewardship Rich Green in WCCSP Bradford pear in WCCSP Parks Stewardship Funds were divided 50-50; later 60-40 with ESP getting 60% Tulip Tree Woods Nature Preserve 2002-2005 Control of Burning Bush (Euonymus alatus), with cut stump treatments using Garlon 3A. This was a dominant shrub in the preserve, first established near the nature center. Did someone plant this shrub? Matt Baker, photo by Kendall Sommers circa 2003 - Endangered, threatened, rare and uncommon species The importance of catching invasive species before they get out of control. - Abundance Threshold - Lag Phase - Irreversibility Assessing Invasive Species Threats to Targets - Invasive species based - Site Based (Spatial Distribution) When Assessing by Species: Determine the current extent and rate of spread of the invader What are the current and potential impacts on Targets Value of the habitats/areas that the invader infests or may infest Difficulty of control Site Based Assessment Identify & map invaded and invasive-free areas Maintenance Condition - less than 1% invasive plant cover in any layer within any management year Light Invasion - less than 10% invasive plant cover in any layer within any management year, with less than 10% canopy gaps Moderate Invasion - from 10% to 50% invasive plant cover in any layer within any management year, with less than 25% canopy gaps Heavy Invasion - from 50% to 75% invasive plant cover in any layer within any management year, and between 25% & 50% canopy gaps Invasive Dominated Gaps - Greater than 75% invasive plant cover in any layer within any management year, over 50% canopy gaps Tulip Tree Woods Nature Preserve After ten years of management, this 24 acres has greatly improved and is currently in light invasion condition. Although not free of invasives, the site is now 95% dominated by native species in all forest layers. Setting Priorities for Invasive Control: 1) Focus on large blocks of un-invaded area and KEEP them invasive free 2) Control small outlier invasive populations first 3) Unfragment boundaries of the target area 4) Reverse the invasion from edges, work from the inside out 5) Control from upstream to downstream and/or large invasive ‘source’ populations first 6) Roads, trails, and watercourses are invasion corridors, survey regularly. 7) Keep focus on conservation targets. Restoration may be necessary Environmental Stewardship Program (ESP) Rob Line, Biologist/Program Manager Chris Bennett, Natural Resource Planning Specialist • Northern Crew • Southern Crew • Formed in 2002 with two seasonal employees, • Formed in 2004 with an intern and 4 This crew is now based in White Clay Creek AmeriCorps members, this crew is now based State Park. in Cape Henlopen State Park. • Primary Work Conducted in: • Primary Work Conducted in: • Brandywine Creek State Park • Cape Henlopen State Park • Flint Woods Nature Preserve • Delaware Seashore & Fenwick Island State Parks • White Clay Creek State Park • Trap Pond State Park • Pea Patch Island Nature Preserve • Cedar Creek Nature Preserve • Lums Pond State Park • Killens Pond State Park • Wilmington State Parks • Thompson Island Nature Preserve • Ft. Delaware & Ft. DuPont State Parks • Fork Branch Nature Preserve • Bellevue State Park • Ashley Kroon, Seasonal Field • Kendall Sommers, Field Biologist Biologist • Six Seasonal Biological Aides • Five Seasonal Biological Aides Stewardship Differences: North or South • North of the canal, the predominance of disturbed habitats and subsequent invasion by non-native plant species has been significant due to the availability of nearby seed sources. • In the North; ESP identifies and defends the highest quality habitats • South of the canal, disturbed habitats have frequently reverted to their native components due to a lack of nearby seed sources. This is changing as development has invaded the agricultural communites below the canal. • In the South, ESP has worked to eliminate invasives from some park properties and works to prevent new invasions. AMERICAN REINVESTMENT ACT – US FOREST SERVICE AND THE DELAWARE FOREST SERVICE 2009-2011 Over $350,000 dollars of funding helped support State Parks ESP work to reforest 150 acres, create firebreaks, write fire management plans and control invasive species at a time when our stewardship funding was rapidly shrinking. Long range forest management goals cerulean warbler Reforestation of select fields to reduce forest fragmentation and increase habitat for interior forest nesting birds and other flora and fauna spotted salamander Margo Len Weaver Manage selected fields as habitat for scrub/shrub habitat specialists cutleaf toothwort willow flycatcher northern arrowwood Control of invasive non-native plants and natural restoration of a diverse native understory David G. Smith 1997-2002 www.delawarewildflowers.org David G. Smith 1997-2002 www.delawarewildflowers.org Invasive Species Control in high quality and/or forested habitats is accomplished by skilled Invasive Plant Management Teams.. bobolink Managing meadows for biodiversity Most grassland birds require relatively large areas of grassland to breed. Most meadows in the State Park system © USFWS (S. Maslowski) are smaller than 25 acres. eastern meadowlark By managing small adjacent fields as a www.cevl.msu.org single large unit, we can try to entice these birds to nest in our parks. viceroy and goldenrod grasshopper sparrow Baltimore checkerspot © Brad Sillasen www.stthomas.edu Small meadows can be managed for wildflowers, butterflies and other species that are not as area sensitive as grassland birds. butterflyweed www.watershedradio.org www.panix.com Brandywine Creek State Park – Meadow Management Units For Multiple Recreational Use & Biological Values -Manage for disappearing habitat types and rare species - For breeding grassland birds: Eastern Meadowlark, Grasshopper Sparrow, American Kestrel, Bobwhite -For migratory winter bird and butterfly habitat - For increasing rare wildflowers and pollinators being eliminated by modern hay management