2018 Annual Report for the North Dakota State University Extension Plant Diagnostic Lab

January 1 through December 31, 2018

Available on-line at http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pdl

Compiled by Jesse Ostrander, Alexander Knudson, and Presley Mosher NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab Department of Plant Pathology

College of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Natural Resources

Table of Contents

About the Lab ...... 3 PERSONNEL ...... 3 NATIONAL PLANT DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK AND NPDN FIRST DETECTOR TRAINING ...... 3 ACTIVITIES OF THE NDSU PLANT DIAGNOSTIC LAB ...... 3 2018 ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND HIGHLIGHTS ...... 4

Services and Fees ...... 5

Fee Waivers for Extension Personnel ...... 5

Turn-Around Time ...... 6

Lab Statistics ...... 7 TOTAL SAMPLES RECEIVED BY YEAR, 1991 THROUGH 2018 ...... 7 MONTHLY SAMPLE SUBMISSION 2013 THROUGH 2018 ...... 8 NORTH DAKOTA SAMPLES BY COUNTY 2018 ...... 9 OUT-OF-STATE SAMPLES 2018 ...... 9 TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES RECEIVED BY SAMPLE CATEGORY, 2018...... 10 ROUTINE DIAGNOSES RECEIVED IN 2018 ...... 11 DUTCH ELM DISEASE IN ND AND MN ...... 122 SEED HEALTH AND PHYTOSANITARY SAMPLES OF 2018 ...... 13

2018 Sample Details ...... 13

Specialists consulted ...... 28

Page 2 of 28 NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab Annual Report 2018

About the Lab Since 1962, the NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab has helped individuals and professionals in agriculture and horticulture identify plant pests, diseases, cultural and environmental problems. While the majority of our samples come from the local community, samples originated from 29 different states and Canada in 2018. Before submitting a sample to the NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab, consider calling or emailing us. In many cases we are able to offer assistance without receiving a physical sample. In other instances it might be necessary to aide in sample collection. For more information, please visit our webpage: https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pdl If you submit a sample to the NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab for seed health testing or phytosanitary testing, a modest fee applies to offset the cost of supplies and lab technicians’ salaries.. Routine diagnostic fees are waived for some services for some clients. Commercial entities are not exempt from fees. For more information, please refer to page 5 or contact the lab directly. Current fee rates for commonly requested services are available online at https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pdl/services-and-fees. Other services not listed or bulk pricing may be available on request. Personnel The lab supports a director who acts in the capacity as the lead diagnostician and up to three full-time support personnel. The lab also employs several hourly students at various times throughout the year. Lab technicians and hourly help (as well as supplies and equipment) are supported through funds generated by the lab. Jesse Ostrander (MS, Plant Pathology) has been with the lab since 2013. From 2013-2014, he served as the assistant diagnostician. In 2014 he was promoted to full diagnostician. In 2015 he began serving as interim director. In 2016, he became the lab director and lead diagnostician. Aimee Thapa (BS, Horticulture) is an extension administrative assistant who supports the lab. Christine Ngoan (MS, Botany) joined the lab as the Seed Health Technician in 2017. She has been with the department of Plant Pathology since 1995. Alex Knudson (MS, Entomology) has been the entomological diagnostician since 2017 and is currently working towards his Ph.D. in Entomology. Presley Mosher (BS, Horticulture) is the assistant diagnostician and joined the lab in November of 2018. He previously worked for the PDL for several years as an undergraduate student. National Plant Diagnostic Network and NPDN First Detector Training The National Plant Diagnostic Network (NPDN) was established in 2002 and consists of five regions. The NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab is a member of the Great Plains Diagnostic Network (GPDN), a 9-state region of the NPDN. The NPDN provides critical diagnostic training for plant diagnosticians around the country as well as a means of secure communication among plant diagnosticians and regulatory personnel if s high risk plant pest threat should occur. Its mission stresses the importance of early detection of pests that can negatively impact our agricultural, forestry, natural, or horticultural resources, and to this end the NPDN, via the NDSU PDL, offers NPDN First Detector training in North Dakota through face-to-face training events or online training. Additionally, NPDN is spearheading efforts toward a network accreditation process for all member labs, enhancing the quality of the offered diagnostic services. NPDN website: https://www.npdn.org/ GPDN website: https://www.npdn.org/gpdn

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County extension agents: For a programming idea for your county, consider offering NPDN First Detector training or how to submit a sample to the NDSU PDL. Learn how by contacting the Plant Diagnostic Lab. A registered NPDN First Detector is any individual in agriculture, horticulture, or forestry who has undergone NPDN First Detector training and who has volunteered to become registered with the NPDN. Professionals and master gardeners who are involved in some way with agriculture, forestry, or horticulture are especially encouraged to consider becoming registered NPDN First Detectors. Self-directed training, via on-line training modules, is available at http://firstdetector.org/. After successfully completing three or more of the online modules, individuals may call the NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab to become registered in the NPDN First Detector national database. Registration is optional and is not required. Face-to-face NPDN First Detector training is an option, and it may be possible to arrange a session near you if interest exists. Contact the lab if you would like to become a registered NPDN First Detector (phone: 701-231-7854; email: [email protected]).

Activities of the NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab Our goal is to provide economical, unbiased plant and pest diagnostic services to agricultural professionals, the horticulture/turf/forestry industries, homeowners, and individuals in North Dakota. We can accept plant, insect, and soil samples from throughout the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii. Please contact us if you would like a copy of our permit to receive samples. 2018 Accomplishments and Highlights

 The lab once again processed a higher-than average number of samples in 2018.  The lab maintained USDA certification to test for bacterial ring rot to fulfill requirements of the Canadian Seed Potato Certification Program, for seed destined to be sold as certified seed in Canada.  We continued to support the Master Gardener program and other horticultural community programs.  The lab continued to support local potato growers with Dickeya spp. and PMTV/TRV screening services, as well as soil testing for several pathogens, including quantifying the powdery scab pathogen, Spongospora subterranean.  In addition to offering routine diagnostic services, we continued to provide: o seed health testing for seed growers o phytosanitary testing to support the efforts of the North Dakota Department of Agriculture to facilitate exportation of ND crops o research support services for faculty and private entities

Page 4 of 28 NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab Annual Report 2018

Services and Fees By nature we are flexible and adaptable, and it is not possible to list everything we do. For a list of our most common services and their current fee rates, please visit our webpage at: https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pdl/services-and-fees or contact us by phone. Please contact the lab (phone: 701.231.7854; email [email protected]) for information on special tests, bulk pricing, or research/survey support options not listed – we may be able to offer the services necessary to fulfill your needs, even if they are not listed. Fee Waivers for Extension Personnel The lab offers fee waivers for Extension Personnel. In 2018, samples referred (or submitted) to the lab by Extension Personnel for non-commercial clients usually qualified for a fee waiver. The purpose of these waivers is to help foster relationships between extension personnel and their stakeholders. These waivers were used to waive the following fees:  routine diagnosis  culture (including the Dutch elm disease culture test)  herbicide injury evaluation o visual only; NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab does not offer wet chemistry residue analysis at this time  plant/insect/fungus identification o for common organisms; especially difficult identification requests or requests for a formalized report may be subject to an hourly fee rate at the discretion of the lab director

Note: The fee waiver cannot be applied to seed health/phytosanitary, molecular (DNA-based), or most serological testing and certain other tests. If you have any questions, please contact the lab. Fee waivers and other information are typically distributed during the annual extension conference.

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Turn-Around Time The NDSU PDL is a first-come first-serve lab, with some exceptions. Under certain circumstances, some samples, particularly commercial ones or those suspected to be infected by a high risk pest (as defined by USDA-APHIS or the National Plant Diagnostic Network), may be given priority, especially if a very narrow window of time for treatment or response exists.

While some samples are easily diagnosed the same day they are received, many samples have uncommon or unusual symptoms that are not routinely encountered by the diagnosticians or supporting experts. As a result, be prepared for longer turn-around times.

Actual turnaround times may vary, depending primarily on the rate samples are arriving into the lab, but other factors such as the complexity of the problem, types of tests needed, number of tests needed, number of samples, availability of reagents, availability of PDL staff, and so on could impact the turnaround time.

Turn-around times for certain tests like PCR and ELISA are generally within one working week, however, it may take longer depending on which day of the week the sample was received on, quantity of material submitted for testing, and the amount of available reagent and controls.

In summary, all submitters should contact the lab with any concerns regarding turn-around times, and we will do our best to meet you expectations.

Page 6 of 28 NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab Annual Report 2018

Lab Statistics Total samples Received by Year, 1991 through 2018 A historical perspective of total number of samples received by the lab is presented in the graph below. The total number of samples received per year includes routine diagnosis, phytosanitary certification, seed health, research, and survey samples. The average total sample number has been steadily on the rise, albeit inconsistently. A historical average of 1,959 samples have been processed per year since 1991 (dotted red line).

5500 Number of Samples Annually, 1991 - 2018 4904 5000 4515 4500

4000 3854 3857 3865

3500 3264 3124 3000 2762 2790

2500 2260 2334 2062 2000 1398 1500 1186 1213 960 9571028 1049 955 884 926 840 1000 792783 729740 835

500

0

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Monthly Sample Submission 2014 through 2018 Samples submitted for routine diagnosis, seed health testing, phytosanitary testing, surveys, and research support are received throughout the year. A large proportion of samples received during June, July, and August are those for routine diagnosis, although survey samples and phytosanitary samples are also received during this time. Samples received in December, January, and February are predominantly research samples. Phytosanitary samples are received throughout the year and seed health testing occurs largely during fall, winter, and spring. The numerical data labels in the chart below correspond to 2018 data only.

Number of Samples By Month for 2014 - 1200 2018 2015 2016 2017 2018

1000 898

800

600 454 375 400 285 222 223 196 181 200 168 88 103 81

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Page 8 of 28 NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab Annual Report 2018

North Dakota Samples by County 2018 Includes Routine Diagnosis, Phytosanitary, Research, Seed Health, and Survey samples.

Divide Pembina Burke Renville Bottineau Rolette Towner Cavalier 24 5 112 3 2 2 47 3 Williams Walsh Pierce 1 50 165 24 Ward McHenry 10 Ramsey Mountrail 17 Benson 7 McKenzie 2 Nelson Grand Forks 1 26 McLean Eddy 0 1 13 Sheridan Wells 6 9

0 Traill Dunn 6 Foster 2 Griggs Steele Mercer 39 Billing 0 11 2 s Oliver 0 1 Golden Burleigh Kidder Stutsman Barnes Cass Morton Valley Stark 15 18 11 4 5 224 11 6 Slope 0 Logan 4 LaMoure 3 Ransom Hettinger 6 Grant Richland Emmons 11 19 0 0 2 69 Bowman Adams 5 McIntosh Dickey 15 Sargent 1 Sioux

Out-of-State samples 2018 (Includes routine diagnosis, seed health, and phytosanitary samples)

Location # Samples Location # Samples Alaska 1 Montana 14 Arizona 1 Nebraska 737 California 32 New York 40 Colorado 4 Ohio 1 Florida 1 Oklahoma 2 Idaho 307 Oregon 188 Illinois 1 Pennsylvania 2 Kansas 1 South Dakota 4 Louisiana 1 Texas 154 Massachusetts 1 Utah 2 Maine 3 Washington 27 Maryland 1 Wisconsin 33 Michigan 55 Wyoming 1 Minnesota 761 Total Out of State 2377 Missouri 2

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Photo Insect Identification requests by country 2018 (This only includes photos submitted to the PDL from other countries)

Location # Samples Guatemala 1 India 1 Italy 1

Total Number of Samples Received By Sample Category, 2018 Samples processed by the lab are separated into five main categories: 1. Support 2. Routine Diagnosis 3. Insect ID 4. Seed Health 5. Phytosanitary A total of 3,264 samples were submitted in 2018. The pie chart below summarizes the total number of samples submitted by main category.

All Samples by Category, 2018

209 106 Support

645 Routine Diagnosis

Insect Id

Seed Health 140 Phytosanitary

2160

Page 10 of 28 NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab Annual Report 2018

Routine Diagnoses Received in 2018 The following figure details sample numbers for Routine Diagnosis only (Phytosanitary, Seed Health, and Research samples are NOT included). The ten-year average is 668.7 (dotted red line). While numbers were at the highest in 2014, they were close to average in 2015.2017 and 2018 include the combined total of insect identification requests and routine diagnostic samples.

Number of samples recieved for Routine Diagnoses, 900 2009-2018

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

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Dutch Elm Disease in ND and MN Dutch elm disease continues to infect American elm trees throughout the Red River Valley and the state as a whole, although the number of samples submitted to the NDSU PDL in 2018 was a record low. The data presented here is limited to samples submitted to the Diagnostic Lab and as such cannot fully indicate whether incidence has risen or lowered from one year to the next. While symptoms of Dutch elm disease are fairly diagnostic by experienced tree health professionals, only a laboratory test can confirm the presence of the Dutch elm disease pathogen. Keeping American elm trees healthy is the best defense against infection, as the bark beetle vector can be attracted to stressed trees, and healthy trees can delay the rate of movement of the pathogen via grafted roots, providing additional time to implement control measures. An NDSU Extension bulletin is available with more information on managing Dutch elm disease. An electronic version of this publication is available online at:

A PDF version is available at: http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/trees/pp1635.pdf

Dutch Elm Disease Samples by ND County, 2014 - 2018

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 County,

Number submitted Not Not Not Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive Detected Detected Detected

Barns ------1 -- -- Burleigh ------Cass 2 5 2 3 3 2 2 3 -- -- Clay, MN 2 ------1 ------Dicky -- -- 1 ------1 ------Eddy 1 ------Griggs -- 1 ------Grand 1 ------2 Forks Mountrail 1 ------Stutsman ------1 -- -- Total: 7 6 3 3 3 3 3 5 0 2

Page 12 of 28 NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab Annual Report 2018

2018 Sample Details The table below summarizes selected diagnoses by the NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab, sorted by host or habitat. Note that the level of confidence of the diagnosis is included, where Confirmed or Suspected indicates that the pest or pathogen was keyed out (morphology) or verified with serological or genetic testing, or based on general morphology, microscopy, or other evidence; Not Detected means that the pathogen was not detected using one or more tests such as microscopy, culture, serology, or PCR; or test results were contradictory or unresolved. Host Diagnosis (Pathogen) Confirmed Suspected Not Detected Aconite; Monkshood (Aconitum sp./spp.) Insect damage (Unidentified Insect) 1 0 0 Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) Dome Test 1 0 0 Apple, Common (Malus sylvestris) Canker (Unidentified fungus) 0 1 0 Apple, Domestic (Malus domestica) Abiotic disorder 0 0 1 Apple black rot (Diplodia seriata) 0 1 0 Apple twig blight; dieback; canker 0 2 0 (Botryosphaeria obtusa) Cedar Apple Rust (Gymnosporangium juniperi- 1 0 0 virginianae) Fire Blight (Erwinia amylovora) 0 1 0 No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) 1 0 0 Crabapple (Malus sp./spp.) Frogeye leaf spot; black rot (Botryosphaeria 1 0 0 Obtuse) Ash (Fraxinus sp./spp.) Ash anthracnose (Plagiostoma fraxinii) 0 1 1 Verticillium wilt (Verticillium sp./spp.) 0 0 1 Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) Cottony ash psyllid (Psyllopsis discrepans) 0 1 0 False spider mites (Family Tenuipalpidae) 0 1 0 Psyllids (Family Psyllidae) 0 0 1 Green Ash; Red ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) Ash anthracnose (Plagiostoma fraxinii) 0 1 0 Chemical injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 1 Manchurian Ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) Environmental stress (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Wood boring insect damage (Unidentified 0 1 0 species) Barley (Hordeum sp./spp.) Angular leaf spot (Xanthomonas sp./spp.) 0 0 3 Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas sp.spp.) 1 0 0 Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus (BSMV) 1 0 2 Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus- MAV (BYDV-MAV) 0 0 1

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Host Diagnosis (Pathogen) Confirmed Suspected Not Detected Barley (Hordeum sp./spp.) cont. Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) 0 0 1 Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus (CYDV) 0 0 1 Dwarf bunt (Tilletia controversa) 0 0 2 Flag Smut (Urocystis tritici) 0 0 2 High plains disease (HPV) 0 0 1 Wheat streak mosaic Virus (WSMV) 0 0 1 Basswood (Linden) (Tilia sp./spp.) Bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa) 0 0 5 Transplant shock; Stress (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 American (linden) basswood (Tilia americana) Chemical injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Soft scales (Family Coccidae) 1 0 0 Bean; Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris var.) Alfalfa mosaic Virus (AMV) 0 0 1 Bacterial leaf blight (Pseudomonas sp./spp.) 0 0 1 Bean Anthracnose (Colletotrichum 0 0 1 lindemuthianum) Bean common mosaic Virus (BCMV) 0 0 1 Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus (BCMNV) 0 0 1 Bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcate) 0 1 0 Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) 0 0 1 Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) 0 0 1 Common bacterial blight (Xanthomonas 0 0 1 campestris pv. Phaseoli) Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) 0 0 1 Dome test 2 0 0 Germination test 1 0 0 Insufficient sample (Identification Analysis) 1 0 0 Rhizoctonia root rot (Rhizoctonia sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) 0 0 1 Wireworms (Click beetles) (Family Elateridae) 0 0 1 Black Turtle Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Common bacterial blight (Xanthomonas 1 0 0 campestris pv. phaseoli) Unidentified biotic material 1 0 0 Unidentified material on seed coat 1 0 0 Wireworms (click beetles) (Family Elateridae) 0 1 0 Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Bean fusarium yellows (Fusarium oxysporum 2 0 0 f.sp. phaseoli) Birch (Betula sp./spp.) Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria sp./spp.) 1 0 0

Page 14 of 28 NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab Annual Report 2018

Host Diagnosis (Pathogen) Confirmed Suspected Not Detected Purple Sandcherry (Prunus x cistena) Leaf blight and spot; Shothole (Blumeriella 0 1 0 jaapii) Eastern Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) Cherry leaf spot (Blumeriella sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Chickpea (garbanzo) (Cicer arietinum) Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei) 0 0 1 Ascochyta Blight (Ascochyta sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Bulb; Stem Nematodes (Ditylenchus sp./spp.) 0 0 7 Cyst Nematodes (Heterodera sp./spp.) 0 0 7 Nitrogen Deficiency (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Pea seed-borne mosaic (PSBMV) 0 0 1 Sclerotinia blight (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) 1 0 1 Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum sp./spp.) Septoria leaf spot (Septoria sp./spp) 0 1 0 Coneflower (Echinacea sp./spp.) Aster Yellows Phytoplasma (Candidatus 0 1 0 phytoplasma asteris) Corn (Zea mays) Anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) 0 1 0 Bipolaris sp. 0 1 0 Bollworm; Corn earworm (Helicoverpa 1 0 0 (Heliothis) zea) Chemical injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Cladosporium Mold (Cladosporium sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Corn (Common) smut (Ustilago maydis) 1 0 0 Diplodia ear and stalk rot (Stenocarpella 0 1 0 maydis) Ear rot (Cladosporium sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Fusarium crown rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Fusarium ear rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Fusarium root rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) 0 0 1 Goss’s Wilt/Goss’s Bacterial Blight (Clavibacter 8 0 2 michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis) Herbicide injury; Exposure (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 High plains disease (HPV) 0 0 1 Insufficient sample 2 0 0 Iron deficiency (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Nematode feeding injury 0 0 1 No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) 2 0 0 Spider mites (Family Tetranychidae) 0 0 1 Unknown Abiotic Disorder 0 1 0 Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV) 0 0 1

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Host Diagnosis (Pathogen) Confirmed Suspected Not Detected Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Herbicide injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Daylily (Hemerocallis sp./spp.) Daylily spring sickness (Unknown etiology) 0 1 0 Elm (Ulmus sp./spp.) Dutch Elm Disease (Ophiostoma sp./spp) 1 0 1 Elm, American (Ulmus americana) Dutch Elm Disease (Ophiostoma sp./spp) 2 0 0 Elm, Chinese (Ulmus parvifolia) Dutch Elm Disease (Ophiostoma sp./spp) 0 0 1 Verticillium wilt (Verticillium sp./spp.) 0 0 1 Fir (Abies sp./spp.) Spider Mites (Family Tetranychidae) 1 0 0 Flax (Linum usitatissimum) Fusarium root rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Garlic (Allium sativum) Embellisia skin blotch (Embellisia allii) 0 1 0

Gerber daisy; African daisy (Gerbera sp./spp.) Eriophyid mites (Family Eriophyidae) 1 0 0 Grape (Vitis sp./spp.) Gallmaking midges (Family Cecidomyiidae) 1 0 0 Hibiscus (Hibiscus sp./spp.) No virus found (No Virus Found) 1 0 0 Oedema; Edema (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Hollyhock (Alcea rosea) Thrips (Thrips sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Insect Damage (Unidentified insect) 0 1 0 No Pathogen Found (Identification/analysis) 1 0 0 Hops (Humulus lupulus) Potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) 1 0 0 Hosta (Hosta sp./spp.) Hosta virus X (HVX) (Potexvirus Hosta Virus X) 0 0 1 Fusarium root rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Soil compaction (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Hydrangea (Hydrangea sp./spp.) Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Chemical injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 0 1 Site disturbance (Abiotic disorder) 0 0 1 Insect Identification American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) 5 1 0 Arthropods (Arthropoda) 0 0 2

Page 16 of 28 NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab Annual Report 2018

Host Diagnosis (Pathogen) Confirmed Suspected Not Detected Insect Identification cont. Bandwinged grasshoppers (Subfamily 1 0 0 Oedipodinae) Barberry looper (Coryphista meadii) 0 1 0 Bed bug (Cimex lectularius) 1 0 0 Biting midge (Bezzia sp./spp.) 1 0 1 Biting midges (Family Ceratopogonidae) 1 0 0 Blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) 1 0 0 Blattid cockroach (Periplaneta sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Carpet beetles (Dermestidae) 2 0 0 Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) 0 1 0 Cattle biting louse (Bovicola bovis) 0 0 1 Chrysocale principalis 0 1 0 Coenagrionidae 1 0 0 Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa 1 0 0 decemlineata) Darkwinged fungus gnats (Sciaridae) 0 1 0 Dermestid beetle (Trogoderma sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Dermestid beetles (Family Dermestidae) 2 0 0 Dingy cutworm (Feltia jaculifera) 1 0 0 European hornet (Vespa crabro) 1 0 0 Foreign grain beetle (Ahasverus advena) 3 0 0 Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) 1 0 0 German cockroach (Blattella germanica) 1 0 0 Giant waterbug (Lethocerus americanus) 1 1 0 Grass spider (Agelenopsis sp./spp) 2 0 0 Ichneumonid wasp (Megarhyssa atrata) 1 0 0 Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella) 3 0 0 Indra swallowtail butterfly (Papilio indra) 1 0 0 Julid millipedes (Julidae) 3 0 0 Larder beetle (Dermestes lardarius) 1 0 0 Ladybird beetles (Family Coccinellidae) 1 0 0 Lasius ant (Lasius sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Leafy spurge hawkmoth (Hyles euphorbiae) 1 0 0 Little blue cattle louse (Solenopotes capillatus) 0 0 1 Lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) 0 1 0 Longnosed cattle louse (Linognathus vituli) 0 0 1 Masked hunter (Reduvius parsonatus) 1 0 0 Mole cricket (Gryllotalpa sp.) 1 0 0 Merchant grain beetle (Oryzaephilus mercator) 1 0 0 Nitidulid sap beetle (Glischrochilus sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Noctuid moths (Family Noctuidae) 1 0 0 Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) 1 0 0

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Host Diagnosis (Pathogen) Confirmed Suspected Not Detected Insect Identification cont. Nuttall's blister beetle (Lytta nuttali) 1 0 0 Oak bullet gall wasp (Disholcaspis globulus) 0 1 0 Pigeon Tremex (Tremex columba) 1 0 0 Reticulate-winged trogiid (Lepinotus reticulatus) 1 0 0 Rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) 1 0 0 Rose chafer (Macrodactylus subspinosa) 0 1 0 Rove beetles (Family Staphylinidae) 1 0 0 Sac spider (Family Clubionidae; Araneae) 1 0 0 Shortnosed cattle louse (Haematopinus 0 0 1 eurysternus) Skin beetle (Dermestes sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Slender springtails (Family Entomobryidae) 3 1 0 Small honey ant (Prenolepis imparis) 1 0 0 Spider beetles (Family Ptinidae) 2 0 0 Spotted oleander caterpillar moth (Empyreuma 1 0 0 pugione) Straight-faced solifugid (Eremobates pallipes) 1 0 0 Sycamore seed bug (Belonochilus numenius) 1 0 0 Thief ant (Solenopsis molesta) 1 0 0 Tomato hornworm (Manduca quinquemaculata) 1 0 0 Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) 1 0 0 Whitelined Sphinx (Hyles lineata) 1 0 0 Wireworms (Click beetles) (Family Elateridae) 0 1 0 Yellow ants (Lasius interjectus) 2 0 0 Iris (Iris sp./spp.) Iris severe mosaic virus (ISMV) 1 0 1 Bearded Iris (Iris germanica) Iris severe mosaic virus (ISMV) 0 1 0 Japanese Iris (Iris ensata) Iris severe mosaic virus (ISMV) 0 0 1 Sweet Iris (Iris pallida) Iris severe mosaic virus (ISMV) 0 0 1 Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) 1 0 0 Lentil (Lens culinaris) Fusarium root rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) 2 0 0 Nitrogen deficiency (Abiotic disorder ) 0 1 0 Nematodes, Bulb & Stem (Ditylenchus sp./spp.) 0 0 322 Nematodes, Cyst (Heterodera sp./spp.) 0 0 322 No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) 1 0 0 Root rot (Aphanomyces sp./spp.) 3 0 1 Soil compaction (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0

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Host Diagnosis (Pathogen) Confirmed Suspected Not Detected Licorice Plant (Helichrysum sp.spp.) Rhizoctonia damping off (Rhizoctonia sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Lilac, Japanese Tree (Syringa reticulata) Bacterial Blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv 0 1 0 syringae) Planting too deep (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Root girdling (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Lily (Lilium sp./spp.) Pythium root rot (Pythium sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Rhizoctonia root; crown rot (Rhizoctonia 1 0 0 sp./spp.) Tulip breaking virus (TBV) 0 0 1 Lobelia (Lobelia sp./spp.) Rhizoctonia damping off (Rhizoctonia sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Magnolia (Magnolia sp./spp.) Leaf/Bud Rot (Botrytis sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Maple (Acer sp./spp.) Bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa) 0 0 2 Iron deficiency (Abiotic disorder) 0 3 0 Maple Bladdergall Mite (Vasates quadripedes) 1 0 0 Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Stem canker (Unidentified fungus) 1 0 0 Milkweed (Asclepias sp./spp.) Nutrient imbalance (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Mold id request Aureobasidium sp./spp. 0 1 0 Black mold (Stachybotrys chartarum) 0 0 1 Doratomyces spp. 0 1 0 Mold; Mildew (Chaetomium sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Mold; Mildew (Penicillium sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Mold (Ulocladium sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Streptomyces sp./spp 0 1 0 Monkshood (Aconitum sp./spp.) Insect damage (Unidentified insect) 0 1 0 Oats (Avena sativa) Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-MAV) 0 0 1 Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV) 0 0 1 Oak (Quercus sp./spp.) Black mold (Unidentified) 1 0 0 Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa) Clearwing borers (Family Sesiidae) 0 1 0 Sudden oak death (Phythophthora ramorum) 0 0 1

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Host Diagnosis (Pathogen) Confirmed Suspected Not Detected Ohio Buckeye (Aesculus glabra) Soft scales (Family Coccidae) 0 0 1 Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) Leaf spot (Drechslera dactylidis) 0 1 0 Pear (Pyrus sp./spp.) Wood decay fungus (Unidentified fungus) 1 0 0 Peas, Dry Field Peas (Pisum sativum) Ascochyta Blight (Ascochyta sp./spp.) 1 0 2 Ascochyta leaf and pod spot (Ascochyta pisi) 1 0 0 Chemical injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Fusarium root rot (Fusarium solani) 1 0 0 Leaf beetles (Family Chrysomelidae) 0 0 1 Nematodes, Bulb & Stem (Ditylenchus sp./spp.) 0 0 56 Nematodes, Cyst (Heterodera sp./spp.) 0 0 56 Pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineatus) 0 1 0 Pea seed-borne Mosaic Virus (PsbMV) 0 0 2 Rhizoctonia root rot (Rhizoctonia sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Pepper (Capsicum sp.) Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) 1 0 0 Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum grossum) Chemical Injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 0 1 Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum grossum) cont. No pathogen found 1 0 0 Perennial Phlox (Phlox paniculata) Chemical injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Petunia, Garden (Petunia x hybrida) Nutrient imbalance (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Pigweed (Amaranthus sp.) Ashgrey leaf bugs (Family Piesmatidae) 0 1 0 Pine (Pinus sp.) Diplodia blight (Sphaeropsis sapinae) 1 0 0 Diplodia tip blight; canker (Diplodia sapinae) 1 0 0 Lepidopteran needle miner 0 0 1 Winter injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Pine, Austrian (Pinus nigra) Animal damage (Animal Damage) 0 1 0 Pine needleminers (Coleotechnites sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Pine, Mugo (Pinus mugo) Retinia metallica 1 0 0 Pine, Ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) Pine engraver (Ips pini) 1 0 0

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Host Diagnosis (Pathogen) Confirmed Suspected Not Detected Pine, Ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) cont. Winter Injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Plant Identification Alfalfa (Medicago sativa sativa) 1 0 0 Amaranthus tuberculatus x retroflexus 1 0 0 Clovers (Trifolium sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) 1 0 0 Curlycup gumweed (Grindelia squarrosa) 1 0 0 Foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum) 1 0 0 Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) 0 1 0 Hoary Alyssum (Berteroa incana) 1 0 0 Knotweed (Polygonum sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Kochia sp. 0 1 0 Longleaf groundcherry (Physalis longifolia 0 1 0 (virginiana) subglabrata) Muhly (Muhlenbergia sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) 0 0 1 Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum 1 0 0 pensylvanicum) Pepperweed (Lepidium sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Raspberries (Rubus sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Redroot amaranth (Pigweed) (Amaranthus 1 0 0 retroflexus) Setaria foxtails (Setaria sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Snowberry (Symphoricarpos sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Tall waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) 1 0 0 Tatarian maple (Lonicera tatarica) 1 0 0 Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) 0 1 0 Veronica speedwell (Veronica sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Wild cucumber (Echinocystis lobata) 1 0 0 Yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris) 1 0 0 Poplar (Populus sp./spp.) Chemical Injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 0 1 Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) Aspen leaf spot (Venturia sp./spp.) 0 0 1 Insufficient sample 1 0 0 Swollen Terminal Bud (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Bacterial Blight (Erwinia atroseptica)) 0 0 2 Bacterial Ring Rot (Clavibacter michiganensis 9 0 1542 subsp. sepidonicum) Bacterial rot; Bacterial blight (Dickeya sp./spp.) 4 0 116 Bacterial soft spot (Pectobacterium sp./spp.) 15 1 3 Early blight; leaf spot (Alternaria solani) 0 0 1

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Host Diagnosis (Pathogen) Confirmed Suspected Not Detected Potato (Solanum tuberosum) cont. Fusarium dry rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) 1 1 2 Fusarium stem rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) 1 1 2 Herbicide Injury; Exposure (Abiotic disorder) 0 2 0 Insect Damage (Unidentified) 0 1 0 Insufficient Sample 1 0 0 Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans) 1 0 5 Leak (Pythium sp./spp.) 0 0 5 No pathogen found 1 0 0 Non-pathogenic; Saprophytic fungus 0 1 0 Physiological Responses (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Black Dot (Colletotrichum coccodes) 29 0 7 Canker and black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) 5 0 3 Common Scab (Streptomyces scabies) 19 0 7 Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) 4 0 273 Potato Mop Top Virus (PMTV) 6 0 85 Potato Powdery Scab (Spongospora 5 0 35 subterranea) Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid (PSTVd) 0 0 12 Potato Virus A (PVA) 0 0 256 Potato Virus M (PVM) 0 0 256 Potato Virus S (PVS) 0 0 256 Potato Virus X (PVX) 0 0 258 Potato Virus Y (PVY) 19 0 289 Potato virus Y ordinary strain (PVYO) 1 0 0 Scab (Streptomyces sp./spp.) 2 0 0 Silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) 12 0 9 Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) 2 0 37 Potato (Solanum tuberosum); Soil Health Testing Black dot (Colletotrichum coccodes 5 0 25 Common scab (Streptomyces scabies) 12 0 14 Potato mop-top (PMTV) (Pomovirus Potato 0 0 21 Mop-top Virus) Powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) 14 0 44 Silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) 0 0 15 Rape; Canola (Brassica napus var. napus) Herbicide carryover (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Herbicide drift (Abiotic disorder) 0 0 1 Raspberry (Rubus sp./spp.) Leptosphaeria root; Stem rot (Leptosphaeria 0 1 0 sp./spp.) Raspberry sawfly (Monophadnoides 0 1 0 geniculatus)

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Host Diagnosis (Pathogen) Confirmed Suspected Not Detected Rocky Mountain Juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) Spider mites (Family Tetranychidae) 0 0 1 Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Bacterial leaf blight (Pseudomonas syringae) 0 1 0 Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Bacterial leaf spot (Pseudomonas syringae) 0 1 0 Herbicide injury; Exposure (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Stink bug (Holcostethus abbreviatus) 1 0 0 Unknown abiotic disorder (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Grain Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) Bacterial leaf spot (Pseudomonas syringae) 0 1 0 Bollworm; Corn earworm (Helicoverpa 1 0 0 (Heliothis) zea) Differential grasshopper (Melanoplus 1 0 0 differentialis) European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) 1 0 0 Greenbug (Schizaphis graminum) 0 1 0 Herbicide injury; Exposure (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Insect damage (Unidentified insect) 0 1 0 Redlegged grasshopper (Melanoplus 1 0 0 femurrubrum) Slime Mold (unidentified fungus) 0 1 0 Unknown abiotic disorder (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Soybean (Glycine max) Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Charcoal rot (Macrophomina sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Chemical Injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 15 1 Cutworms (Family Noctuidae) 0 1 0 Diaporthe Canker (Diaporthe sp./spp.) 0 0 2 Fusarium Root Rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Fusarium wilt; blight; root rot (Fusarium 2 1 0 oxysporum) Hail damage (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Herbicide injury (Abiotic disorder) 2 18 3 Insect damage (Unidentified insect) 0 2 0 Iron Deficiency (Abiotic disorder) 0 6 0 Phyllosticta leaf spot (Phyllosticta sp./spp.) 0 0 1 Pythium root; crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.) 0 1 1 Rhizoctonia root; stem; crown rot (Rhizoctonia 4 2 0 sp./spp.) Soil Compaction (Abiotic disorder) 0 2 0 Soybean Brown Stem Rot (Phialophora 0 0 1 gregata) Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN) (Heterodera 3 0 0 glycines) Soybean frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina) 0 0 1

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Host Diagnosis (Pathogen) Confirmed Suspected Not Detected Soybean (Glycine max) cont. Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) 0 0 1 Soybean Phytophthora root and stem rot 2 0 2 (Phytophthora sojae) Twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) 2 0 0 Unspecified pathology (Alternaria sp./spp.) 1 0 0 White mold (stem rot) (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) 1 0 0 Wireworms (Click beetles) (Family Elateridae) 0 2 2 Soybean (Glycine max); Soil Health Testing Cyst nematodes (Heterodera sp./spp.) 9 0 0 Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) 4 0 54 Spruce (Picea sp./spp.) Dead terminal ends 0 1 0 Eastern spruce gall adelgid (Adelges abietis) 0 1 0 Nalepellid sheath mite (Trisetacus sp./spp.) 0 1 0 No Pathogen Found (Identification Analysis) 2 0 0 Lepidopteran leafminer 0 1 1 Spider Mites (Family Tetranychidae) 0 1 0 Spruce needle cast (Stigmina sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Spruce spider mite (Oligonychus ununguis) 0 2 1 Stigmina Needle Blight (Stigmina lautii) 1 0 0 Transplant shock; stress (Abiotic disorder) 0 5 0 Winter injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Spruce, Black (Picea mariana) Environmental stress; Problem (Abiotic 0 1 0 disorder) No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) 1 0 0 Spruce, Black Hills (Picea glauca ‘Densata’) Cytospora canker (Cytospora kunzei) 0 1 0 Environmental stress; Problem (Abiotic 0 1 0 disorder) Herbicide injury; Exposure (Abiotic disorder) 0 2 0 Insect Galls (Not Harmful) 1 0 0 No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) 1 0 0 Spider mites (Family Tetranychidae) 0 1 0 Spruce spider mite (Oligonychus ununguis) 0 1 0 Stigmina needle blight (Stigmina lautii) 1 0 0 Spruce, Colorado Blue (Picea pungens fastigiata) Slime mold (Class Myxomycetes; Myxomycota) 0 1 0 Stigmina Needle Blight (Stigmina lautii) 1 0 0 Transplant shock; Stress (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Unknown abiotic disorder (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0

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Host Diagnosis (Pathogen) Confirmed Suspected Not Detected Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) 1 0 0 Unknown abiotic disorder (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 sugar German yellowjacket (Paravespula germanica) 2 0 1 Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris vulgaris var. altissima) Bacterial I.D. (Erwinia (Pectobacterium) carotovora (cartovorum) carotovora 0 1 0 (cartovorum) Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus (BNYVV) 0 0 1 Cercospora beet leaf spot (Cercospora beticola) 0 2 0 Rhizoctonia root; Crown rot (Rhizoctonia 1 0 1 sp./spp.) Rhizoctonia Crown and Root Rot (Rhizoctonia 0 1 0 solani) Unspecified pathology (Pseudomonas sp./spp.) 6 0 1 Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Bacterial soft spot (Pectobacterium sp./spp.) 1 0 0 Charcoal rot (Macrophomina sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Common thrips (Family Thripidae) 0 1 0 Downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) 0 0 1 Leaf Spot (Alternaria alternata) 1 0 0 Sunflower (Helianthus sp./spp.) Chemical Injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) 0 0 1 No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) 4 0 1 Unknown abiotic disorder 0 1 0 Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Cucumovirus Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) 1 0 0 Early blight; leaf spot (Alternaria solani) 1 0 0 Tobamovirus Tobacco Mosaic Virus(TMV) 1 0 0 Tospovirus Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus(TSWV) 1 1 0 Tomato (Lycopersicon sp./spp.) Chemical injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Cucumovirus Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) 1 0 1 Tospovirus Impatiens Necrotic Spot 0 0 2 Virus (INSV) Tobamovirus Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) 2 0 0 Tospovirus Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus(TSWV) 1 0 1 Turfgrass (Turfgrass mixed species) Anaerobic soil (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Core aeration injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic 0 4 0 disorder) Dense Thatch Layer (Abiotic disorder) 12 0 0

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Host Diagnosis (Pathogen) Confirmed Suspected Not Detected Turfgrass (Turfgrass mixed species) cont. Ectotrophic fungus 1 1 1 Fertilizer injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Insufficient rootball (Abiotic disorder) 2 0 0 Magnaporthe summer patch (Magnaporthiopsis 0 2 0 poae) Mechanical damage (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Mowing height (too short) (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Scarab beetle (Phylophaga sp./spp.) 0 3 0 Shade intolerance 0 1 0 Take-All (Gaeumannomyces sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Turfgrass necrotic ring spot (Ophiosphaerella 0 4 0 korrae) Verbena (Verbena sp./spp.) Rhizoctonia damping off (Rhizoctonia sp./spp.) 0 0 2 Wheat (Triticum sp./spp.) Angular leaf spot (Xanthomonas sp./spp.) 0 0 6 Barley yellow dwarf (BYDV) 0 0 3 Bunt (Tilletia sp.spp.) 0 0 2 Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus (CYDV) 0 0 1 Chemical injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Dwarf Bunt (Tilletia controversa) 0 0 1 Flag Smut (Urocystis tritici) 0 0 3 Head Blight (Fusarium graminearum) 0 1 0 Herbicide injury; Exposure (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 High Plains Disease Virus (HPV) 0 0 2 Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) 0 0 1 Root rot (Bipolaris sorokiniana) 2 0 0 Wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella) 0 0 1 Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV) 0 0 2 Wheat (Spring/Winter) (Triticum aestivum) Angular leaf spot (Xanthomonas sp./spp.) 0 0 2 Bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas sp./spp.) 2 0 0 High Plains Disease Virus (HPV) 6 1 12 Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) 0 0 2 Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus (CYDV) 1 0 1 Chemical Injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 2 0 Dwarf bunt (Tilletia controversa) 0 0 6 Flag smut (Urocystis tritici) 0 0 6 Herbicide drift (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 High plains disease (HPV) 0 0 2 Insufficient light (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) 0 7 0

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Host Diagnosis (Pathogen) Confirmed Suspected Not Detected Wheat (Spring/Winter) (Triticum aestivum) cont. Leaf blight (Alternaria triticina) 2 0 0 Leaf spot (Alternaria alternate) 1 0 0 Mirid bug (Trigonotylus coelestialium) 0 1 0 No pathogen found 1 0 0 Nutrient imbalance (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) 0 2 0 Tan spot (Drechslera sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Unknown abiotic disorder 0 1 0 Wheat seed gall nematode (Anguina tritici) 0 0 60 Wheat streak mosaic (WSMV) 1 0 4 Durum (Triticum turgidum) Angular leaf spot (Xanthomonas sp./spp.) 0 0 2 Barley Yellow Dwarf (BYDV) 0 0 1 Bunt (Tilletia sp./spp.) 0 0 2 Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus (CYVD) 1 0 2 Chemical injury (Abiotic disorder) 0 1 0 Cladosporium black head mold (Cladosporium 1 0 0 sp./spp.) Fusarium head blight (Fusarium spp.) 0 1 0 Head blight (Fusarium avenaceum) 1 0 0 High Plains Virus (HPV) 0 0 2 Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) 0 0 2 mycotoxin testing 1 0 0 Nutrient imbalance (Abiotic disorder) 0 2 0 Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV) 0 1 0 Willow (Salix sp./spp.) Aphids; Plant lice (Family Aphididae) 0 1 0 Canker (Unidentified agent) 1 0 0 Chrysomelid flea beetle (Altica sp./spp.) 0 1 0 Zinnia (Zinnia sp./spp. hybrids) Cucumovirus Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) 0 0 1 Impatiens necrotic spot (INSV) 0 0 1 Tobacco mosaic (TMV) 0 0 1 Tomato spotted wilt (TSWV) 1 0 0

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Specialists consulted Given the broad nature of the samples that we accept at the NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab, accurate diagnoses often rely on collaboration with members of the Department of Plant Pathology, other departments at NDSU, and industry experts. We would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge all faculty and specialists associated with NDSU as well as experts in private industry for their continued support of the lab. Without the expertise of a wide range of individuals, the quality of diagnoses from the lab would suffer tremendously.

Thank You

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