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B20 Stratigraphy of the Post-Potomac Cretaceous-Tertiary Rocks Of

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B20 Stratigraphy of the Post-Potomac Cretaceous-Tertiary Rocks Of State of Delaware DELAWARE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Robert R. Jordan, State Geologist BULLETIN NO. 20 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE POST-POTOMAC CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY ROCKS OF CENTRAL DELAWARE By Richard N. Benson and Nenad Spoljaric Pennsylvania 40° Oayton Core Hole New Jersey .Kb32-01 Delaware 39° Bay Ol125-02• Delaware Maryland 76° University of Delaware Newark, Delaware 1996 State of Delaware DELAWARE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Robert R. Jordan, State Geologist BULLETIN NO. 20 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE POST-POTOMAC CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY ROCKS OF CENTRAL DELAWARE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY OF TEST WELL Je32-04 By Richard N. Benson NON-CLAY MINERALOGY OF THE MATRIX (SILT-CLAY) OF Je32-04 CORES By Nenad Spoljaric SUBSURFACE STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION OF SELECTED BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICAL LOGS FROM CENTRAL DELAWARE AND NEW JERSEY By Richard N. Benson University of Delaware Newark, Delaware 1996 CONTENTS Page Page ABSTRACT ............................................... 1 Aragonite . 13 Dolomite . 13 INTRODUCTION . 3 Pyrite and Marcasite . 13 Acknowledgments . .. .. 3 Siderite . 13 BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND Zeolites . 13 CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY OF TEST WELL Je32-04 Hematite . 13 By Richard N. Benson . 5 Goethite ................................................. 13 INTRODUCTION . 5 Vivianite . 13 CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 5 Quartz ................................................... 13 Upper Cretaceous . 5 Feldspar . 13 Upper Cenomanian-Lower Turonian . 5 Calcite .................................................. 13 Santonian . 5 UNUSUAL MINERALS Campanian . 5 AND MINERAL ASSOCIATIONS . 14 Maastrichtian . 6 Upper Vincentown-Lowermost Deal ..................... 14 Paleocene . 6 Lower Hornerstown . 14 Danian................................................ 6 Upper Deal .............................................. 14 Thanetian. 6 SUBSURFACE STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION OF Eocene . 6 SELECTED BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICAL LOGS FROM Ypresian . 6 CENTRAL DELAWARE AND NEW JERSEY Lutetian............................................... 7 By Richard N. Benson ................................... 15 Miocene................................................. 8 INTRODUCTION ......................................... 15 SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION RATES .. .. .. .. 8 STRATIGRAPHIC CROSS SECTIONS ................... 15 NON-CLAY MINERALOGY OF THE Methods ................................................. 15 MATRIX (SILT-CLAY) OF Je32-04 CORES Results of Geophysical Log Correlations ................. 15 By Nenad Spoljaric ...................................... 11 Comparisons with Other Stratigraphies . 20 INTRODUCTION . 11 LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY OF Je32-04 ..................... 20 METHODS ................................................ 11 Potomac Formation . 22 RESULTS ................................................. 11 Magothy Formation . 22 Potomac Formation . 11 Merchantville Formation . .. .. .. 22 Magothy Formation . 11 Englishtown Formation . .. .. .. 22 Merchantville Formation . 11 Marshalltown Formation ................................ 22 Englishtown Formation . 11 Mount Laurel Formation ................................. 23 Marshalltown Formation . 11 Navesink Formation ..................................... 23 Mount Laurel Formation . 11 Hornerstown Formation . 23 Navesink Formation ..................................... 12 Vincentown Formation .................................. 23 Hornerstown Formation ................................. 12 Deal Formation . 23 Vincentown Formation . 12 Piney Point Formation . 24 Deal Formation .......................................... 12 Calvert Formation ....................................... 24 Piney Point Formation ................................... 12 CONCLUSIONS .......................................... 25 Calvert Formation ....................................... 12 SIGNIFICANCE OF MINERALS REFERENCES CITED .................................... 26 AND MINERAL ASSOCIATIONS ........................ 12 Jarosite and Alunite ..................................... 12 Talc ..................................................... 12 FIGURES Page Figure 1. Locations of Coastal Plain boreholes . 4 2. Chronostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and lithostratigraphy of Je32-04 . In Pocket 3. Age vs. depth diagram of Je32-04........................................................................................... 9 4. Results of x-ray analyses of non-clay minerals of the matrix (silt-clay) of Je32-04 core samples . In Pocket 5. Stratigraphic cross section showing borehole geophysical log correlation between Clayton, New Jersey, and Je32-04 . In Pocket 6. Stratigraphic cross section showing borehole geophysical log correlation between Gd33-04 and Je32-04 . In Pocket 7. Stratigraphic cross section showing borehole geophysical log correlation between the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal area and Je32-04.................................................................. In Pocket 8. Lithostratigraphy of Gd33-04 compared with other stratigraphies ........................................................... 20 9. Lithostratigraphy ofJe32-04 compared with other stratigraphies ............................................................ 21 TABLES Page Table l. Sediment accumulation rates, Je32-04 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 2. Borehole depths of lithostratigraphic boundaries, Je32-04 ................................................................... 21 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE POST-POTOMAC CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY ROCKS OF CENTRAL DELAWARE Richard N. Benson and Nenad Spoljaric ABSTRACT This Bulletin presents the subsurface stratigraphy of the post-Potomac Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks of the Atlantic Coastal Plain of central Delaware, between the Chesapeake and Delaware (C & D) Canal and Dover. Geophysical log corre­ lations supported by biostratigraphic and lithologic data from boreholes in Delaware and nearby New Jersey provide the basis for the report. The stratigraphic framework presented here is important for identifying subsurface stratigraphic units penetrated by the numerous boreholes in this part of Delaware, particularly those rock units that serve as aquifers, because such knowledge allows for better prediction of ground-water movement and availability. Also, accurate stratigraphy is a pre­ requisite for interpreting the geologic history of the rocks and for the construction of maps that depict the structure and thick­ ness of each unit. Three stratigraphic cross sections document the stratigraphy. Downdip control is provided by cored test well Je32-04 (one split-spoon core every 10 ft) at the Dover Air Force Base. Reported from the well are new and revised biostratigraphic data on calcareous nannofossils, planktic foraminifera, radiolarians, diatoms, palynomorphs, and dinoflagellates and the results of x-ray identifications of the non-clay minerals comprising the matrix (silt-clay size fraction) of each core sample. Updip control is provided by borehole Gd33-04 correlated to the continuously cored U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) core hole near Clayton, New Jersey, with its published biostratigraphic (calcareous nannofossil zones) and lithostratigraphic data. The x-ray mineralogical study of the non-clay-mineral component of the matrix of the Je32-04 core samples supple­ ments an earlier study of the clay mineral component. Mineral associations identified provide additional information on the lithostratigraphic units of Je32-04. Zeolites in the Paleocene-Eocene section indicate possible volcanic sources. The associa­ tion of the minerals jarosite, alunite, hematite, kaolinite, and talc suggests chemical activity by hydrothermal solutions. An uppermost Paleocene carbonate dissolution interval correlates with one in .the Clayton, New Jersey, core hole where an increase in kaolinite is noted through the Paleocene-Eocene boundary interval. The intense weathering to produce the kaolin­ ite, the evidence for volcanism, and, possibly, the dissolution interval may be related to a major global event during the time interval represented, a time of significant tectonic plate reorganization. This Bulletin revises the previously published lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy of the Cretaceous-Tertiary section of Je32-04. Lithostratigraphic units and their ages are the Potomac Formation (late Cenomanian­ early Turonian); Magothy Formation (Santonian); Merchantville Formation (Santonian-Campanian); Englishtown, Marshalltown, and Mount Laurel formations (Campanian); Navesink Formation (Maastrichtian); Hornerstown and Vincentown formations (Paleocene); Deal Formation (late Paleocene-middle Eocene); Piney Point Formation (middle Eocene); and the Calvert Formation, including a basal glauconitic sand (early to early middle Miocene). The Magothy Formation undergoes a ten-fold decrease in thickness between Je32-04 and the C&D Canal as shown by onlap of the formation on the unconformity between it and the Potomac Formation and by erosion of the upper beds or com­ plete removal of the formation at and near the Canal. The Englishtown Formation shows a characteristic upward-coarsening geophysical log signature at and near the Canal and in downdip areas. This feature is not as readily distinguishable on bore­ hole logs from between those two areas and from the Clayton core hole because the formation becomes silty. The log signa­ tures of all other formations from the Merchantville through Hornerstown correlate well, including those of the Clayton, New Jersey, core hole. Major thickness and facies changes, both along strike and downdip, occur within
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