DOCSLIB.ORG

The Dynamics Between Migration and Land Use and Land Cover Change (Lulcc) in Burkina Faso: a Comparative Case Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Dynamics Between Migration and Land Use and Land Cover Change (Lulcc) in Burkina Faso: a Comparative Case Study THE DYNAMICS BETWEEN MIGRATION AND LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGE (LULCC) IN BURKINA FASO: A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY Elisabeth Kago Nébié A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s in Sociocultural Anthropology in the Department of Anthropology Chapel Hill 2015 Approved by: Colin Thor West Paul Leslie Charles Price © 2015 Elisabeth Kago Nébié ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Elisabeth Kago Nébié: The Dynamics Between Migration and Land Use and Land Cover Change (LULCC) in Burkina Faso: A Comparative Case Study (Under the direction of Colin Thor West) In Burkina Faso, population pressure on land cover, fragmenting agricultural units and reduced rainfall have exacerbated land degradation. The long-term failure to balance human interferences and natural degrading processes with natural reproduction and restorative management efforts has initiated Land Use and Land Cover Change (LULCC). In northern Burkina Faso, land degradation has stimulated a large migration toward more fertile areas of the south. While northern provinces such as Bam Province in Burkina Faso are being rehabilitated by Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) projects, southern provinces, such as Sissili Province, considered more “pristine,” have been neglected. Recently, researchers have been highlighting the role of demographic pressure and agro-pastoral activities on land degradation in Sissili. However, comparative research between provinces of departure and destination has not yet been undertaken. This paper, informed by regional political ecology, integrates LULCC data with ethnographic and demographic information to compare the dynamics between migration and LULCC trends in Bam and Sissili. This comparison assesses whether these provinces are migration ‘sources’ or ‘sinks.’ The results show that migration correlates with LULCC and detect greater LULCC in in-migration areas and little LULCC in areas of out-migration. iii I dedicate this work to Yaba Adam Kaboré & Papy Georges Bamina Nébié iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A special thank you goes to those who believed in me and contributed to this paper: Dr. Colin Thor West, Dr. Paul Leslie and Dr. Charles Price for their patience, advice, and great efforts of supervising and leading me to accomplish this work; The Wenner-Gren Foundation and PEO International for the wonderful opportunity to study in the US; My family and friends for their daily support and encouragements; To all my informants for their time and thoughtful contribution. v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF MAPS ....................................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................... x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF SITES AND COMMUNITIES .................................................... 13 A. Bam .............................................................................................................................................. 13 B. Sissili ............................................................................................................................................ 14 C. The Mossi and the Gurunsi: past and present bonds ............................................................... 14 CHAPTER 4: DATA AND METHODS ................................................................................................ 16 A. Census data .................................................................................................................................. 16 B. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data ............................................................................ 18 1. Land Use and Land Cover (raster): 1975 and 2000 .............................................................. 18 2. Land Use and Land Cover (vector): 1992 and 2002 ............................................................. 19 C. Ethnographic fieldwork .............................................................................................................. 19 CHAPTER 5: RESULTS ....................................................................................................................... 21 A. Census .......................................................................................................................................... 21 vi B. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) maps and graphs ...................................................... 23 1. LULCC over a short period of time: 1992 to 2002................................................................ 27 C. Ethnography ................................................................................................................................ 30 1. Participants focused on regions of degradation and greening ............................................. 30 2. Participants used local explanations ...................................................................................... 30 CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................. 39 A. Sissili has been a migration sink: LULCC is dramatic............................................................. 39 B. Bam has been a migration source: LULCC is minimal ............................................................ 40 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 43 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 44 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Net Migration Trends of Bam and Sissili provinces from 1975 to 2006 ............................. 22 Figure 2: LULCC chart of Bam from 1975 to 2000 ............................................................................. 25 Figure 3: LULCC chart of Sissili from 1975 to 2000 ............................................................................ 26 Figure 4: LULCC chart of Bam from 1992 to 2002 ............................................................................. 28 Figure 5: LULCC chart of Sissili from 1992 to 2002 ............................................................................ 29 viii LIST OF MAPS Map 1: Burkina Faso (2006): Population Density by km2 and Isohyet Zones ..................................... 6 Map 2: LULC maps of Bam in 1975 and 2000...................................................................................... 24 Map 3: LULC maps of Sissili in 1975 and 2000 .................................................................................... 26 Map 4: LULC maps of Bam in 1992 and 2002...................................................................................... 27 Map 5: LULC maps of Sissili in 1992 and 2002 .................................................................................... 29 ix LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Administrative regions of 1975 ............................................................................................... 18 Table 2: Origin and destination of lifetime in-migrants by province in 1985 ..................................... 23 Table 3: Lifetime Net Migration in Bam and its Surrounding Provinces in 1985, 1996 and 2006.... 23 Table 4: Evolution of the population densities in Sissili Province ....................................................... 40 x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AVV Aménagement des Bassins de la Volta BUNASOLS Bureau National des Sols BF-WALULCT Burkina Faso Land Use and Land Cover Maps and Trends FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FEWS Famine Early Warning System GIS Geographic Information Systems IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IGB Institut Géographique du Burkina INSD Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie ISSP Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population LULC Land Use Land Cover LULCC Land Use Land Cover Change MA The Drylands Millennium Ecosystem Assessment OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development PASE Projet d'Accès aux Services Energétiques PATECORE Projet Aménagement des Terroirs et Conservation des Ressources PRRA Participatory Rapid Rural Appraisal UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNEP United Nations Environment Programme SWC Soil and Water Conservation WASCAL West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Land degradation is the product of a long-term process. The Drylands Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) defines land degradation as the “reduction or loss of the biological or economic productivity of drylands” (Adeel, et al. 2005:1). Humans have been utilizing and managing land cover to satisfy their needs through hunting, farming, gathering or industrial activities. Land cover is the “observed
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sanmatenga – Burkina Faso) Vincent Serneels Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
    Published in "Materials and Manufacturing Processes 32(7–8): 900–908, 2017" which should be cited to refer to this work. The massive production of iron in the Sahelian belt: Archaeological investigations at Korsimoro (Sanmatenga – Burkina Faso) Vincent Serneels Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland ABSTRACT The large smelting site of Korsimoro was investigated during two fieldwork campaigns in 2011 and 2012. Four different technical traditions are identified. Each is characterized by the spatial organization of the working area, the architecture of the furnace, and the assemblages of wastes. Each technical tradition KEYWORDS corresponds to one chronological phase. Phase KRS 1 lasted between 600 and 1000 AD and is Africa; archaeology; characterized by small-scale production. Phases KRS 2 and 3, between 1000 and 1450 AD, showed a very bloomery; Burkina Faso; iron; significant increase of the production with an important impact on the organization of the society. There precolonial; quantification; is a collapse of the industry at the time of the installation of the Nakomse conquerors followed by a smelting; technology recovery of the production at a small scale during the 17th century. Introduction visible remains are related to iron ore smelting and evidence for mining or smithing are limited. To the North, a few Burkina Faso has a long-lasting tradition of ethnological kilometers away, the Birimian volcano-sedimentary rocks form and archaeological research on precolonial iron production. a range of low hills. The laterite formed on top of those rocks is Ancient native populations of blacksmiths are already men- probably a good ore; however, this area has not yet been inves- tioned in the traditional oral history of the old Kingdoms of tigated in detail and the location of the mining sites is still the Moogo, referring to the 15th and 16th centuries [1–3].
    [Show full text]
  • INSTITUTIONAL RESILIENCE and INFORMALITY the Case of Land Rights Mechanisms in Greater Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
    INSTITUTIONAL RESILIENCE AND INFORMALITY The Case of Land Rights Mechanisms in Greater Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Julie Touber Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2016 © 2016 Julie Touber All rights reserved ABSTRACT INSTITUTIONAL RESILIENCE AND INFORMALITY The Case of Land Rights Mechanisms in Greater Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Julie Touber Land informality, or the absence of clear property rights, has been identified as a strong cause for lower economic development performance. In Africa, despite the presence of a formal institutional setting of property rights and established laws, the practice of land rights has favored a persistent informal institutional regime. This dissertation addresses the reasons for the persistence of land informality in the presence of formal laws in the case of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. Using process tracing, I dissect the processes of land conflict resolutions within the formal and informal institutions in order to pinpoint reasons for such prolong informality. I identify a very coherent and organized institutional set within the customary institutions, and the ambiguous relationship these institutions have with formal institutions. The inability of the formal institutions to resolve the informality issue is not the result of incompetence; it is the result of survival mechanisms from both the informal and formal institutions. Informality is the effect of the layered institutional setting and persists because of the resilience of survival mechanisms. TABLE OF CONTENT List of Figures iv List of Tables v Introduction 2 PART 1: FRAMING THE THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CONTEXT 8 Chapter 1: The Reading Frames Debunking Concepts of Tradition and Modernity in the African Context 9 1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Proposal Was Approved By
    PROMOTING EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN IN RURAL COMMUNITIES: A PERSPECTIVE OF BURKINA FASO A Project Presented to the faculty of the Division of Social Work California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK by Jamie Chu Brezinski SPRING 2012 © 2012 Jamie Chu Brezinski ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii PROMOTING EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN IN RURAL COMMUNITIES: A PERSPECTIVE OF BURKINA FASO A Project by Jamie Chu Brezinski Approved by: __________________________________, Committee Chair Serge Lee, Ph.D., M.S.W. Date iii Student: Jamie Chu Brezinski I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and that this thesis is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. , Graduate Coordinator Dale Russell, Ed.D., LCSW Date Division of Social Work iv Abstract of PROMOTING EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN IN RURAL COMMUNITIES: A PERSPECTIVE OF BURKINA FASO by Jamie Chu Brezinski This study examined the educational needs of children in Thyou, Burkina Faso. The study findings from both quantitative and qualitative data reveal the need to remove barriers associated with poverty such as low income and malnutrition, which impede educational opportunities for rural children. In addition, rural life in Burkina Faso includes low-output and high-labor agriculture. The Feeding Nations Through Education (FNTE) agricultural assistance program aims to relieve famine and raise literacy among rural populations in Thyou. FNTE beneficiaries reported to improvements in their lives including higher increased income, better health and less hunger, changed perceptions of education, one or more school-attending children, and plans to educate all their school- aged children.
    [Show full text]
  • Burkina Faso
    Co-funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union LET4CAP Law Enforcement Training for Capacity Building BURKINA FASO Downloadable Country Booklet DL. 2.5 (Version 1.2) 1 Dissemination level: PU Let4Cap Grant Contract no.: HOME/ 2015/ISFP/AG/LETX/8753 Start date: 01/11/2016 Duration: 33 months Dissemination Level PU: Public X PP: Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission) RE: Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission) Revision history Rev. Date Author Notes 1.0 18/05/2018 Ce.S.I. Overall structure and first draft 1.1 25/06/2018 Ce.S.I. Second draft 1.2 30/11/2018 Ce.S.I. Final version LET4CAP_WorkpackageNumber 2 Deliverable_2.5 VER WorkpackageNumber 2 Deliverable 2.5 Deliverable Downloadable country booklets VER 1.2 2 BURKINA FASO Country Information Package 3 This Country Information Package has been prepared by Alessandra Giada Dibenedetto – Marco Di Liddo – Francesca Manenti – Lorenzo Marinone Ce.S.I. – Centre for International Studies Within the framework of LET4CAP and with the financial support to the Internal Security Fund of the EU LET4CAP aims to contribute to more consistent and efficient assistance in law enforcement capacity building to third countries. The Project consists in the design and provision of training interventions drawn on the experience of the partners and fine-tuned after a piloting and consolidation phase. © 2018 by LET4CAP…. All rights reserved. 4 Table of contents 1. Country Profile 1.1 Country in Brief 1.2 Modern and Contemporary History of Burkina Faso 1.3 Geography 1.4 Territorial and Administrative Units 1.5 Population 1.6 Ethnic Groups, Languages, Religion 1.7 Health 1.8 Education and Literacy 1.9 Country Economy 2.
    [Show full text]
  • FGM in BURKINA FASO DECEMBER 2015 Registered Charity : No
    COUNTRY PROFILE: FGM IN BURKINA FASO DECEMBER 2015 Registered Charity : No. 1150379 Limited Company: No. 08122211 E-mail: [email protected] © 28 Too Many 2015 CONTENTS PREFACE 4 FOREWORD 5 BACKGROUND 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 10 INTRODUCTION 13 GENERAL NATIONAL STATISTICS 15 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 16 POLITICAL BACKGROUND 17 ANTHROPOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 18 OVERVIEW OF FGM IN BURKINA FASO 22 SOCIOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 26 HEALTHCARE SYSTEM 29 EDUCATION 34 RELIGION 37 MEDIA 39 ATTITUDES AND KNOWLEDGE RELATING TO FGM 41 LAWS RELATING TO FGM 45 STRATEGIES TO END FGM AND ORGANISATIONAL PROFILES 47 CHALLENGES FACED BY ANTI-FGM INITIATIVES 55 CONCLUSIONS 56 APPENDIX I – LIST OF INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL ORGANISATIONS CONTRIBUTING TO WOMEN’S AND CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN BURKINA FASO 60 APPENDIX II - REFERENCES 61 PREFACE Carly Fiorina, the former executive, president, and chair of the Hewlett-Packard Company, once said, ‘Our goal should always be to turn data into information, and information into insight.’ To me, Carly’s statement embodies what 28 Too Many has done with this Burkina Faso Country Profile. They have not only provided the data, but they have also turned this data into critical information and a useful insight into how we can all enhance our efforts to end FGM in Burkina Faso. This report could not be timelier, as at a recent stakeholders meeting in Kenya convened by The Girl Generation1, participants noted that there is limited information on the status of FGM in many countries and this lack of information is hindering progress towards its elimination. We need to know the landscape, the hot spots, the success stories and what is working, as well as any new and untapped opportunities for engagement.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecfg-Burkina-Faso-Revised-2019.Pdf
    About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary ECFG for success. The guide consists of 2 parts: Part 1 introduces Burkina Faso “Culture General,” the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment. Part 2 presents “Culture Specific” Burkina Faso, focusing on unique cultural features of Burkina Faso’s society and is designed to complement other pre- deployment training. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment Location. For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact AFCLC’s Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the expressed permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources as indicated. GENERAL CULTURE CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. A culture is the sum of all of the beliefs, values, behaviors, and symbols that have meaning for a society. All human beings have culture, and individuals within a culture share a general set of beliefs and values.
    [Show full text]
  • African HISTORY and CULTURE
    Encyclopedia of africaN HISTORY and CULTURE Encyclopedia of african history and culture Volume Ii African kingdoms (500 to 1500) Willie F. Page, Editor Revised edition by R. Hunt Davis, Jr., Editor A Learning Source Book Encyclopedia of African History and Culture, Copyright © 2005, 2001 by The Learning Source, Ltd. A Learning Source Book Editorial: Brian Ableman, Edward C. Haggerty, Bertram Knight, Christopher Roberts, Bodine Schwerin (revised edition), Ismail Soyugenc (revised edition), Anthony Yearwood Consultant: Emilyn Brown All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Page, Willie F., 1929– Encyclopedia of African history and culture / edited by Willie F. Page; revised edition edited by R. Hunt Davis, Jr.—Rev. ed. p. cm. “A Learning Source Book.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-5199-2 ((set ISBN) hardcover) ISBN 0-8160-5269-7 (vol. I)–ISBN 0-8160-5270-0 (vol. II)– ISBN 0-8160-5271-9 (vol. III)–ISBN 0-8160-5200-X (vol. IV)– ISBN 0-8160-5201-8 (vol. V) –ISBN 978-1-4381-2917-4 (e-book) 1. Africa—Encyclopedias. I. Davis, R. Hunt. II. Title. DT3.P27 2005 960'.03-—dc22 2004022929 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quanti- ties for businesses, associations, institutions or sales promotions.
    [Show full text]
  • Africans: the HISTORY of a CONTINENT, Second Edition
    P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 This page intentionally left blank ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 africans, second edition Inavast and all-embracing study of Africa, from the origins of mankind to the AIDS epidemic, John Iliffe refocuses its history on the peopling of an environmentally hostilecontinent.Africanshavebeenpioneersstrugglingagainstdiseaseandnature, and their social, economic, and political institutions have been designed to ensure their survival. In the context of medical progress and other twentieth-century innovations, however, the same institutions have bred the most rapid population growth the world has ever seen. The history of the continent is thus a single story binding living Africans to their earliest human ancestors. John Iliffe was Professor of African History at the University of Cambridge and is a Fellow of St. John’s College. He is the author of several books on Africa, including Amodern history of Tanganyika and The African poor: A history,which was awarded the Herskovits Prize of the African Studies Association of the United States. Both books were published by Cambridge University Press. i P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 african studies The African Studies Series,founded in 1968 in collaboration with the African Studies Centre of the University of Cambridge, is a prestigious series of monographs and general studies on Africa covering history, anthropology, economics, sociology, and political science.
    [Show full text]
  • Pegasus July 2020
    July 2020 VOLUME XI, ISSUE VII PEGASUS A NEWSLETTER FOR THE CAUX ROUND TABLE FOR MORAL CAPITALISM NETWORK LOOKING AT BUSINESS ABOVE THE CLUTTER AND CONFETTI Pegasus Introduction by Richard Broderick Page 2 Slavery: A Widespread Affliction from the Middle Page 3 Ages to 19th Century Abolition by Stephen B. Young Introduction To paraphrase the old Chinese double-edged proverb, “May you live in interesting times.” We are indeed. The novel coronavirus pandemic has brought sickness and death to almost every corner in the world, with millions infected by this highly contagious zoonotic virus and rising rates of both death and suffering and the traumatic disruption of economic activity in many nations. In the U.S., unemployment rates have soared to heights not seen since the Great Depression. Meanwhile, thousands of retail businesses have been forced into bankruptcy because of the quarantine imposed in most states and countless other enterprises, both large small, struggle to survive. Most troubling of all, there is no definitive end in sight for this catastrophe, with labs around the world scrambling to create an effective vaccine. While this effort is sure to escalate, there is also no clear idea of when this pandemic will subside. It could surge again in the fall, perhaps winter or next spring. The sad fact is nobody knows for certain. As if this disruption of day-to-day life were not sufficient, there was the killing, caught in all its horror on video, of a black individual, George Floyd. His life was literally snuffed out by a Minneapolis police officer, as onlookers vocally warned the cops that Floyd was dying, which he did after one officer kneeled on Floyd’s neck for almost nine minutes, ignoring the crowd, as Floyd gasped that he could not breathe, moaned and called out to his late mother until he passed out and ultimately suffered cardiac arrest and died.
    [Show full text]
  • Meg-Army-Lists-59-Africa-2021-01.Pdf
    Army Lists Africa Edited by Richard Jeffrey-Cook. Contributions from Simon Hall, Richard Young, Nik Gaukroger and Lance Flint. Front image by Simon Clarke. Contents The lists are divided into three sections, Maximus, Magna and Pacto. Within each section are the following lists: • Christian Nubian 550 to 1500 CE • Banu Ghaniya 1184 to 1235 CE • Ghana 800 to 1235 CE • Hafsid 1229 to 1500 CE • Beja 831 to 1500 CE • Mali Empire 1235 to 1670 CE • Kanem-Bornu 850 to 1500 CE • Kingdom of Tiemcen 1236 to 1520 CE • Abbysinian 900 to 1500 CE • Marinid 1248 to 1465 CE • Mogadishu Sultanates 896 to 1500 CE • Bantu Kingdoms 1250 to 1550 CE • Tuareg 950 to 1550 CE • Mossi 1250 to 1575 CE • Hausa Kingdoms 1000 to 1500 CE • Kongo 1350 to 1512 CE • Kingdom of Benin 1100 to 1503 CE • Central African 1350 to 1550 CE • Ayyubid in Ifriqiya 1172 to 1207 CE • Songhai 1370 to 1592 CE • Kilwa Sultanate 1180 to 1506 CE Version 2021.01: 1st January 2021 © Simon Hall Creating an army with the Mortem et Gloriam Army Lists Use the army lists to create your own customised armies using the Mortem et Gloriam Army Builder. There are few general rules to follow: 1. An army must have at least 2 generals and can have no more than 4. 2. You must take at least the minimum of any troops noted and may not go beyond the maximum of any. 3. No army may have more than two generals who are Talented or better. 4. Unless specified otherwise, all elements in a UG must be classified identically.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the World Research
    History of the World Research History of Civilisation Research Notes 200000 - 5500 BCE 5499 - 1000 BCE 999 - 500 BCE 499 - 1 BCE 1 CE - 500 CE 501 CE - 750 CE 751 CE - 1000 1001 - 1250 1251 - 1500 1501 - 1600 1601 - 1700 1701 - 1800 1801 - 1900 1901 - Present References Notes -Prakrit -> Sanskrit (1500-1350 BCE) -6th Dynasty of Egypt -Correct location of Jomon Japan -Correct Japan and New Zealand -Correct location of Donghu -Remove “Armenian” label -Add D’mt -Remove “Canaanite” label -Change Gojoseon -Etruscan conquest of Corsica -322: Southern Greece to Macedonia -Remove “Gujarati” label (to 640) -Genoa to Lombards 651 (not 750) Add “Georgian” label from 1008-1021 -Rasulids should appear in 1228 (not 1245) -Provence to France 1481 (not 1513) -Yedisan to Ottomans in 1527 (not 1580) -Cyprus to Ottoman Empire in 1571 (not 1627) -Inner Norway to sweden in 1648 (not 1721) -N. Russia annexed 1716, Peninsula annexed in 1732, E. Russia annexed 1750 (not 1753) -Scania to Sweden in 1658 (not 1759) -Newfoundland appears in 1841 (not 1870) -Sierra Leone -Kenya -Sao Tome and Principe gain independence in 1975 (not 2016) -Correct Red Turban Rebellion --------- Ab = Abhiras Aby = Abyssinia Agh = Aghlabids Al = Caucasian Albania Ala = Alemania Andh = Andhrabhrtya Arz = Arzawa Arm = Armenia Ash = Ashanti Ask = Assaka Assy/As = Assyria At = Atropatene Aus = Austria Av = Avanti Ayu = Ayutthaya Az = Azerbaijan Bab = Babylon Bami = Bamiyan BCA = British Central Africa Protectorate Bn = Bana BNW = Barotseland Northwest Rhodesia Bo = Bohemia BP = Bechuanaland
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Drum Language of the Ancient Mossi Kingdoms
    JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofofCultuial Cultural AnthiopologyAnthropology Special Issue Sound Cultures of Africa Notes on the Drum Language of the Ancient Mossi Kingdoms (BurkinaFaso) Junzo Kawada Institute fOr the Study ofJapanese Folk Culture, Kanagawa University Transmission systems of verbal messages by means of dFum or slit gong $ounds are h[ghly developed in Sub-Saharan African societies, where tonal languages are wideiy spoken. In West AMca, where peoples of the Oti-Vblta language group such as the Mossi and Gurmantche in Burkina Faso have developed a "pot-type hlerarchical political $ystem, a drum with one membrane" made from a large spherieal gourd that is `'relate" cevered with goat skFn and beaten with the fingers of both hands is used to the long dynastic history of the monarch, The author presents a hypothesis based on 40 years of research that this type of drummer "relates" by using the fingertips of both hands instead of the voice, Key words: lalking dFum, dynastic history, fingertips and language field of the brain. Transmission of Verbal Messages by Means of Drum Sounds Transmission systems of verbal messages by means of drum or slit gong sounds are highly elaborated in Sub-Saharan African societies, where"'other than West'Atlantic languages such as Serer'Sin, Serer-Non or Wolof of Senegal, or locally variable Fulani Ianguages spoken in wide areas of the interior parts of West Africa-' tonal languages are "talking widely spoken. Among the so-called drums", aside from slit gongs (which are not drums but are beaten with two straight sticks held in each hand, and which are especially common in forest areas), bifaeial hour-glass type drums beaten with a hooked woeden stick are widely used among West African peoples.
    [Show full text]