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The 2015 CSO Sustainability Index for Sub-Saharan Africa USAID 2015 CSO SUSTAINABILITY INDEX 2015 CSO SUSTAINABILITY For For Sub-Saharan Africa 7 th Edition 2015 CSO SUSTAINABILITY INDEX FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA U.S. Agency for International Development 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20523 Tel: (202) 712-0000 Fax: (202) 216-3524 www.usaid.gov The 2015 CSO Sustainability Index For Sub-Saharan Africa Developed by: United States Agency for International Development Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance Center of Excellence on Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance Bureau for Africa Office of Sustainable Development CONTENTS INTRODUCTION III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VI 2015 CSO SUSTAINABILITY INDEX XVII ANGOLA 1 BENIN 8 BOTSWANA 14 BURKINA FASO 22 BURUNDI 29 CÔTE D’IVOIRE 38 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO 46 ETHIOPIA 55 GABON 63 THE GAMBIA 71 GHANA 80 GUINEA 88 KENYA 96 LIBERIA 104 THE 2015 CSO SUSTAINABILITY INDEX FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA i MADAGASCAR 112 MALAWI 121 MALI 129 MOZAMBIQUE 138 NAMIBIA 147 NIGER 155 NIGERIA 163 RWANDA 171 SENEGAL 180 SIERRA LEONE 188 SOUTH AFRICA 197 SUDAN 205 TANZANIA 214 UGANDA 223 ZAMBIA 232 ZIMBABWE 240 ANNEX A: CSO SUSTAINABILITY INDEX METHODOLOGY: DIRECTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS 248 ANNEX B: STATISTICAL DATA FOR SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICA 264 ii THE 2015 CSO SUSTAINABILITY INDEX FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTRODUCTION USAID is pleased to present the seventh edition of the CSO Sustainability Index (CSOSI) for Sub-Saharan Africa. The index describes advances and setbacks in seven key dimensions of sustainability in the civil society sector in 2015—the legal environment, organizational capacity, financial viability, advocacy, service provision, infrastructure, and public image. The reports are produced by an expert panel of CSO practitioners and researchers in each country included in this year’s index. The panels assess each dimension of CSO sustainability according to key indicators and agree on a score, which can range from 1 (most developed) to 7 (most challenged). The scores for each dimension are averaged to produce an overall sustainability score for a given country’s CSO sector. An editorial committee composed of technical and regional experts then reviews the scores and corresponding narratives with an eye to ensuring consistent approaches and standards to allow for cross-country comparisons. The scores are grouped into three overarching categories—Sustainability Enhanced (scores from 1 to 3), Sustainability Evolving (3.1-5), and Sustainability Impeded (5.1-7)—which provide additional comparative benchmarks. Further details about the methodology used to calculate scores and produce corresponding narrative reports are provided in Annex A. The index is a useful source of information for CSOs, governments, donors, academics, and others who want to better understand and monitor key aspects of CSO sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa. It complements similar indices covering countries in Central and Eastern Europe and Eurasia, the Middle East and North Africa, Asia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. A publication of this type would not be possible without the contributions of many individuals and organizations. We are particularly grateful to the Aga Khan Foundation, which supported the assessments of Kenya and Mali (as well as the indices for Afghanistan and Pakistan) and our implementing partners in each country, who facilitate the expert panel meetings and write the country reports. We also thank the many CSO representatives and experts, USAID partners, and international donors who participated in the expert panels in each country. Their knowledge, perceptions, ideas, and dedication are the foundation upon which this index is based. THE 2015 CSO SUSTAINABILITY INDEX FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Angola Allan Cain, Jeanette Dijkstra, and João Domingos Domingos, The Development Workshop Benin Leontine Konou Idoho, Reseau pour L'integration des Femmes des Organisations Non Gouvernementales et Associations Botswana Monametsi Sokwe and Simon Muchiru, Ngamiland Council of NGOs Burkina Faso Siaka Coulibaly and Augustin Go, Réseau des Organisations de la Société Civile pour le Développement (RESOCIDE) Burundi Melchior Ndayimirije and Déogratias Nzunogera, Observatoire de l’Action Gouvernementale (OAG) Cote d’Ivoire Moussa Toure and Yaya Traore, Réseau des Educateurs aux Droits de l’Homme, à la Démocratie et Genre(REDHG) DRC Justin Kangwenyenye Kazige and Danny Boss Singoma, Centre National d’Appui au Développement et à la Participation Populaire (CENADEP) Ethiopia Debebe Hailegebriel, Independent Legal Consultant Gabon Calisha Navratilova, Protet Judicaël Essono Ondo, and Marc Ona Essangui, NGO Brainforest The Gambia Madi Jobarteh, The Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (TANGO) Ghana Douglas Quartey, Consultant; Joseph Yeboah, Institute for Democratic Governance (IDEG) Guinea Aboubacar Sylla, Centre Africain de Formation pour le Développement (CENAFOD) Kenya Chrispin Oduor and Miriam Omolo, Institute of Economic Affairs Liberia G. Pewu Subah, Guzeh Subah, James Thompson, and Oliver Subah, Subah-Belleh Associates Madagascar Razafimandimby Andriamandranto and Razafimandimby Noro-Malala, Plateforme Voahary Salama Malawi Christopher Rub Chisoni, Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace (CCJP) Mali Massaman Sinaba, Boureima Allaye Toure, and David Miankenda Watuluzu, Oeuvre Malienne d’Aide à L’Enfance du Sahel (OMAES) Mozambique Phillip Machon and João Pereira, Civil Society Support Mechanism (MASC) Namibia Theunis Keulder, Namibia Institute for Democracy (NID) Niger Mahaman Adamou, Réseau d’Appui aux Initiatives Locales (RAIL) Nigeria Ahmed Mohammed Kwaru and Mohammed Bello, Centre for Research and Documentation (CRD) Rwanda Epimack Kwokwo and Cyriaque Ndayisenga, La Ligue des Droits de la Personne dans la Région des Grands Lacs (LDLG) Senegal Amacodou Diouf and Ibrahima Kane, Conseil des ONG d’Appui au Développement (CONGAD) Sierra Leone Valnora Edwin, Campaign for Good Governance (CGG) South Africa Phiroshaw Camay, Co-operative for Research and Education (CORE) Sudan Dr. Hassan Abdel Ati, National Civic Forum Tanzania Nasim Losai, Francis Uhadi, and Edna Chilimo, The Foundation for Civil Society Uganda Esther Nakayima, Uganda National NGO Forum (UNNGOF) Zambia Kryticous Patrick Nshindano and Muloongo Simuzingili, Civil Society for Poverty Reduction (CSPR) Zimbabwe Memory Kadau and Thulani Mswelanto, Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition iv THE 2015 CSO SUSTAINABILITY INDEX FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Project Managers Management Systems International, Inc. Allison Poyac-Clarkin Alex Nejadian The International Center for Not-for-Profit Law Catherine Shea Jennifer Stuart Marilyn Wyatt Editorial Committee USAID: Mariam Afrasiabi, Kellie Burk, Tess Mcenery, and Sajda Ouachtouki MSI: Allison Poyac-Clarkin ICNL: Stephan Klingelhofer, Catherine Shea, and Marilyn Wyatt Regional Experts: Joseph Sany and Monica Koep THE 2015 CSO SUSTAINABILITY INDEX FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For the seventh year in a row, the 2015 CSO Sustainability Index for Sub-Saharan Africa offers a snapshot of seven CSO Sustainability key dimensions affecting the sustainability of CSO sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa. This year’s Index includes six new countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, South Africa Madagascar, Namibia, and Niger, bringing to thirty the Kenya total number of countries covered1. Tanzania Benin For the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa included in this Burkina Faso Senegal volume, the year 2015 had notable highs and lows. Namibia Among the bright spots was the victory over the lethal Uganda Ebola epidemic. CSO staff and volunteers in Guinea, Botswana Liberia, and Sierra Leone showed resilience and courage Ghana Mali as they worked as respected partners alongside Madagascar communities, governments, and international agencies to Nigeria battle the disease. In Guinea local associations established Zambia village and neighborhood Ebola watch committees, while Rwanda in Liberia CSOs helped the government ensure that a Mozambique Zimbabwe strong new surveillance and response system was put into Sierra Leone place. Sierra Leonean CSOs continued several important Liberia initiatives to assist women and youth affected by the Niger disease. However, the large influx of donor funds for Côte d'Ivoire DRC Ebola-related efforts—amounting to US$1.62 billion by Malawi the end of 2015, according to the World Bank— Burundi introduced its own challenges. Not only did the fight Guinea against Ebola divert money and attention from other Gabon Gambia urgent needs, forcing some organizations to suspend their Sudan activities, but the management of Ebola-related funding Ethiopia itself aroused public concerns, especially in Sierra Leone, Angola where the auditor general identified a number of 1357 irregularities in the conduct of both public authorities and donor agencies. Sustainability Sustainability Sustainability Enhanced Evolving Impeded Among the countries holding local or national elections in 2015 were Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Guinea, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zambia. CSOs often performed key roles in the election process. For example, in Nigeria CSOs educated communities about the electoral process and the use of readers to authenticate voter cards; in Madagascar CSOs engaged in information campaigns, trainings, and monitoring; and in Tanzania they helped ensure that voting stations had ballots available in Braille or special queues for people with disabilities. However, some CSOs encountered state-sponsored
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