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Scheme Principles for the Production of Biomass, Biofuels and Bioliquids
REDcert Scheme principles for the production of biomass, biofuels and bioliquids Version 05 Scheme principles for the production of biomass, bioliquids and biofuels 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 4 2 Scope of application .................................................................................................... 4 3 Definitions .................................................................................................................... 6 4 Requirements for sustainable biomass production .................................................. 9 4.1 Land with high biodiversity value (Article 17 (3) of Directive 2009/28/EC) .............. 9 4.1.1 Primary forest and other wooded land ............................................................ 9 4.1.2 Areas designated by law or by the relevant competent authority for nature protection purposes ......................................................................................................10 4.1.3 Areas designated for the protection of rare, threatened or endangered ecosystems or species .................................................................................................11 4.1.4 Highly biodiverse grassland ...........................................................................11 4.2 Land with high above-ground or underground carbon stock (Article 17 (4) of Directive 2009/28/EC) ..........................................................................................................15 -
Sustainability Criteria for Biofuels Specified Brussels, 13 March 2019 1
European Commission - Fact Sheet Sustainability criteria for biofuels specified Brussels, 13 March 2019 1. What has the Commission adopted today? As foreseen by the recast Renewable Energy Directive adopted by the European Parliament and Council, which has already entered into force, the Commission has adopted today a delegated act setting out the criteria for determining high ILUC-risk feedstock for biofuels (biofuels for which a significant expansion of the production area into land with high-carbon stock is observed) and the criteria for certifying low indirect land-use change (ILUC)–risk biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels. An Annex to the act demonstrating the expansion of the production area of different kinds of crops has also been adopted. 2. What are biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels? Biofuels are liquid fuels made from biomass and consumed in transport. The most important biofuels today are bioethanol (made from sugar and cereal crops) used to replace petrol, and biodiesel (made mainly from vegetable oils) used to replace diesel. Bioliquids are liquid fuels made from biomass and used to produce electricity, heating or cooling. Biomass fuels are solid or gaseous fuels made from biomass. Therefore, all these fuels are made from biomass. They have different names depending on their physical nature (solid, gaseous or liquid) and their use (in transport or to produce electricity, heating or cooling). 3. What is indirect land use change (ILUC)? ILUC can occur when pasture or agricultural land previously destined for food and feed markets is diverted to biofuel production. In this case, food and feed demand still needs to be satisfied, which may lead to the extension of agriculture land into areas with high carbon stock such as forests, wetlands and peatlands. -
Scheme Principles for GHG Calculation
Scheme principles for GHG calculation Version EU 05 Scheme principles for GHG calculation © REDcert GmbH 2021 This document is publicly accessible at: www.redcert.org. Our documents are protected by copyright and may not be modified. Nor may our documents or parts thereof be reproduced or copied without our consent. Document title: „Scheme principles for GHG calculation” Version: EU 05 Datum: 18.06.2021 © REDcert GmbH 2 Scheme principles for GHG calculation Contents 1 Requirements for greenhouse gas saving .................................................... 5 2 Scheme principles for the greenhouse gas calculation ................................. 5 2.1 Methodology for greenhouse gas calculation ................................................... 5 2.2 Calculation using default values ..................................................................... 8 2.3 Calculation using actual values ...................................................................... 9 2.4 Calculation using disaggregated default values ...............................................12 3 Requirements for calculating GHG emissions based on actual values ........ 13 3.1 Requirements for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from the production of raw material (eec) .......................................................................................13 3.2 Requirements for calculating greenhouse gas emissions resulting from land-use change (el) ................................................................................................17 3.3 Requirements for -
Environmental Justice: EU Biofuel Demand and Oil Palm Cultivation in Malaysia
Lund Conference on Earth System Governance 2012 Environmental justice: EU biofuel demand and oil palm cultivation in Malaysia Erika M. Machacek Conference Paper Lund, Sweden, March 2012 "As a metaphorical image, friction reminds us that heterogeneous and unequal encounters can lead to new arrangements of culture and power" (Tsing, 2005) Table of Contents ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... VIII 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ................................................................................................................................ 2 1.3 METHOD ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 LIMITATION AND SCOPE .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.5 AUDIENCE ................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.6 DISPOSITION ............................................................................................................................................... -
Bioenergy's Role in Balancing the Electricity Grid and Providing Storage Options – an EU Perspective
Bioenergy's role in balancing the electricity grid and providing storage options – an EU perspective Front cover information panel IEA Bioenergy: Task 41P6: 2017: 01 Bioenergy's role in balancing the electricity grid and providing storage options – an EU perspective Antti Arasto, David Chiaramonti, Juha Kiviluoma, Eric van den Heuvel, Lars Waldheim, Kyriakos Maniatis, Kai Sipilä Copyright © 2017 IEA Bioenergy. All rights Reserved Published by IEA Bioenergy IEA Bioenergy, also known as the Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) for a Programme of Research, Development and Demonstration on Bioenergy, functions within a Framework created by the International Energy Agency (IEA). Views, findings and publications of IEA Bioenergy do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or of its individual Member countries. Foreword The global energy supply system is currently in transition from one that relies on polluting and depleting inputs to a system that relies on non-polluting and non-depleting inputs that are dominantly abundant and intermittent. Optimising the stability and cost-effectiveness of such a future system requires seamless integration and control of various energy inputs. The role of energy supply management is therefore expected to increase in the future to ensure that customers will continue to receive the desired quality of energy at the required time. The COP21 Paris Agreement gives momentum to renewables. The IPCC has reported that with current GHG emissions it will take 5 years before the carbon budget is used for +1,5C and 20 years for +2C. The IEA has recently published the Medium- Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2016, launched on 25.10.2016 in Singapore. -
Sustainable Use of Biomass Feedstock – Global and Regional
SESSION I: Forest Biomass resources for biochar production 1st FOREBIOM Sustainable Use of Biomass Workshop Feedstock Potentials of Biochar to – Global and Regional Aspects– mitigate climate change Florian Kraxner Georg Kindermann, Sylvain Leduc, Stefan Frank, Petr th th Havlík, Eva-Maria Nordström, Hannes Böttcher, Michael 4 -5 April, 2013 Obersteiner and IIASA‘s ESM Team Austrian Academy of Sciences Ecosystems Services and Management (ESM) Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) THE STATUS-QUO GLOBAL PROJECTIONS – POTENTIALS AND SOURCES EXAMPLE: BIOMASS FOR BIOENERGY Post 2012 Carbon Management Global Future Energy Portfolios, 2000 – 2100 Source: modified after Obersteiner et al., 2007 Cumulative biomass production (EJ/grid) for bioenergy between 2000 and 2100 at the energy price supplied by MESSAGE based on the revised IPCC SRES A2r scenario (country investment risk excluded). Source: Rokityanskiy et al. 2006 p ( ) Source: IIASA, G4M (2008) Forest Management Certification (Potentials) Certified area relative to managed forest area by countries Kraxner et al., 2008 Source: compiled from FAO 2005, 2001; CIESIN 2007, ATFS 2008; FSC 2008; PEFC 2008. GLOBIOM Global Biosphere Management Model www.globiom.org Exogenous drivers Demand Population growth, economic growth Wood products Food Bioenergy PROCESS OPTIMIZATIO 50 regions Primary wood Crops Partial equilibriumN model SUPPLY products Max. CSPS PX5 ) 5 7 . 120 0 soto pred W B g 100 l and m pred k / RUMINANT G4M g ( EPIC shem pred s e k 80 kaitho pred a t n -
Climate Business Plan for Washington, D.C
Natural Gas and its Contribution to a Low Carbon Future Climate Business Plan for Washington, D.C. MARCH 2020 ALTAGAS // NATURAL GAS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO A LOW CARBON FUTURE Forward Looking Statement This Climate Business Plan, prepared solely for the Company’s operations in the District of Columbia, contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to the inherent uncertainties in predicting future results and conditions. Such statements are based on our current expectations as of the date we filed this business plan, and we do not undertake to update or revise such forward-looking statements, except as may be required by law. Statements contained in this business plan concerning expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, strategies, expenditures, recovery of expenditures, future environmental matters, regulatory and legislative proposals, future events or performance and underlying assumptions and other statements that are other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements.” Forward-looking statements are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions based on information available at the time the statement is made and can often be identified by terms and phrases that include “anticipate,” “believe,” “intend,” “estimate,” “expect,” “continue,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “plan,” “project,” “predict,” “will,” “potential,” “forecast,” “target,” “guidance,” “outlook” or other similar terminology. The Company believes that it has chosen these assumptions or bases in good faith and that they are reasonable. -
Bioliquids and Their Use in Power Generation Â
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 129 (2020) 109930 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/rser Bioliquids and their use in power generation – A technology review T. Seljak a, M. Buffi b,c, A. Valera-Medina d, C.T. Chong e, D. Chiaramonti f, T. Katra�snik a,* a University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, A�sker�ceva Cesta 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia b RE-CORD, Viale Kennedy 182, 50038, Scarperia e San Piero, Italy c University of Florence, Industrial Engineering Department, Viale Morgagni 40, 50134, Firenze, Italy d Cardiff University College of Physical Sciences and Engineering, CF234AA, Cardiff, UK e China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Lingang, Shanghai, 201306, China f University of Turin, Department of Energy "Galileo Ferraris", Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The first EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED) served as an effective push for world-wide research efforts on Bioliquids biofuels and bioliquids, i.e. liquid fuels for energy purposes other than for transport, including electricity, Micro gas turbine heating, and cooling, which are produced from biomass. In December 2018 the new RED II was published in the Internal combustion engine OfficialJournal of the European Union. Therefore, it is now the right time to provide a comprehensive overview Power generation of achievements and practices that were developed within the current perspective. To comply with this objective, Renewable energy directive Biofuels the present study focuses on a comprehensive and systematic technical evaluation of all key aspects of the different distributed energy generation pathways using bioliquids in reciprocating engines and micro gas tur bines that were overseen by these EU actions. -
Bioliquids-Chp.Eu in the Bioliquids-CHP Project, Several Different Bioliquids and These Are Summarized in Table 1 (Overleaf)
Main Project Results 2011 Partner – BTG Summary Bioliquids selection, production This brochure presents an overview of the main and characterisation project achievements and highlights some conclusions and perspectives towards future development. The full title of this collaborative project was : Engine and turbine SELECTION AND PRODUCTION PROPERTIES OF BIOLIQUIDS combustion for combined heat and power production. OF BIOLIQUIDS More information, publications and reports are available For all bioliquids a range of properties were determined at the project website: www.bioliquids-chp.eu In the Bioliquids-CHP project, several different bioliquids and these are summarized in Table 1 (overleaf). Fast were evaluated for use in prime movers. The ‘primary’ pyrolysis oil differs significantly from (rapeseed-derived) bioliquids were biodiesel, pure vegetable oil and fast biodiesel and sunflower oil with respect to acidity (pH), PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH pyrolysis oil. The biodiesel (FAME) was produced from tendency to carbon formation (MCRT), water content and rapeseed and purchased in Germany. The vegetable oil density. For use in prime movers relevant properties are for The Bioliquids-CHP project was set up to reduce the used was sunflower oil that was purchased in Italy. The example the heating value, Cetane number and viscosity. technical barriers preventing the use of advanced fast pyrolysis oil was produced in BTG’s pilot plant from The viscosity of liquids can be lowered by preheating bioliquids in prime movers to generate combined heat pinewood. Two batches of fast pyrolysis oil were produced the fuel as illustrated in Figure 2. and power (CHP) in the range of 50-1000 kWe. The and used for the experiments. -
Substitutability of Electricity and Renewable Materials for Fossil Fuels in a Post-Carbon Economy
Article Substitutability of Electricity and Renewable Materials for Fossil Fuels in a Post-Carbon Economy Antonio García-Olivares Received: 7 September 2015; Accepted: 17 November 2015; Published: 25 November 2015 Academic Editor: Robert Lundmark Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute of Marine Sciences, Ps. Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Spain; [email protected]; Tel.: +34-932309500 Abstract: A feasible way to avoid the risk of energy decline and combat climate change is to build a 100% renewable global energy mix. However, a globally electrified economy cannot grow much above 12 electric terawatts without putting pressure on the limits of finite mineral reserves. Here we analyze whether 12 TW of electricity and 1 TW of biomass (final) power will be able to fuel a future post-carbon economy that can provide similar services to those of a contemporary economy. Contrarily to some pessimistic expectations, this analysis shows that the principle economic processes can be replaced with sustainable alternatives based on electricity, charcoal, biogas and hydrogen. Furthermore, those services that cannot be replaced are not as crucial so as to cause a return to a pre-industrial society. Even so, land transport and aviation are at the limit of what is sustainable, outdoor work should be reorganized, metal primary production should be based on hydrogen reduction when possible, mineral production should be increasingly based on recycling, the petrochemical industry should shrink to a size of 40%–43% of the 2012 petrochemical sector, i.e., a size similar to that the sector had in 1985–1986, and agriculture may require organic farming methods to be sustainable. -
Quantifying the Potential of Renewable Natural Gas to Support a Reformed Energy Landscape: Estimates for New York State
energies Review Quantifying the Potential of Renewable Natural Gas to Support a Reformed Energy Landscape: Estimates for New York State Stephanie Taboada 1,2, Lori Clark 2,3, Jake Lindberg 1,2, David J. Tonjes 2,3,4 and Devinder Mahajan 1,2,* 1 Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (J.L.) 2 Institute of Gas Innovation and Technology, Advanced Energy Research and Technology, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; [email protected] (L.C.); [email protected] (D.J.T.) 3 Department of Technology and Society, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA 4 Waste Data and Analysis Center, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Public attention to climate change challenges our locked-in fossil fuel-dependent energy sector. Natural gas is replacing other fossil fuels in our energy mix. One way to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) impact of fossil natural gas is to replace it with renewable natural gas (RNG). The benefits of utilizing RNG are that it has no climate change impact when combusted and utilized in the same applications as fossil natural gas. RNG can be injected into the gas grid, used as a transportation fuel, or used for heating and electricity generation. Less common applications include utilizing RNG to produce chemicals, such as methanol, dimethyl ether, and ammonia. The GHG impact should be quantified before committing to RNG. This study quantifies the potential production of biogas (i.e., Citation: Taboada, S.; Clark, L.; the precursor to RNG) and RNG from agricultural and waste sources in New York State (NYS). -
Agstar Industry Directory for On-Farm Biogas Recovery Systems
Industry Directory for On-Farm Biogas Recovery Systems September INDUSTRY DIRECTORY FOR ON-FARM BIOGAS RECOVERY SYSTEMS The AgSTAR Program produces this Industry Manufacturers/Distributors include entities that Directory to assist livestock producers and ot hers manufacture, distribute, and in some cases, install involved in developing anaerobic digestion systems equipment used in biogas recovery systems, to identify consultants, designers, developers, including covers, engines, tanks, and other system equipment vendors, and other providers of biogas components. energy services. Publishers distribute journals and reports of If you are in the planning stages of a biogas interest to farm owners and ot hers interested in recovery system, we recommend that you use the biogas recovery systems. Industry Directory in combination with the AgSTAR Handbook (which is available on the AgSTAR Universities are educational institutions, including website at www.epa.gov/agstar) as project land grant colleges and uni versities, involved in development tools to begin the initial project developing and demonstrating on-farm biogas planning process to increase the potential for recovery systems and technologies. success. The Directory is not all inclusive. We will update the Commodity Organizations represent the interests Directory regularly as we learn of new businesses in of a specific crop or livestock commodity. the livestock waste market. These updates will be Commodity organizations generally are involved in posted on t he AgSTAR website, along with other marketing or lobbying activities. AgSTAR products. Consultants provide a variety of services related to If you wish to be included in the Directory, go t o biogas recovery systems, including feasibility www.epa.gov/agstar/tools/experts/signup.html.