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Master of Arts in African Languages Faculty Of A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NAME CHANGE OF LOUIS TRICHARDT TO MAKHADO WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES by NDITSHENI SILAS MUDAU RESEARCH DISSERTATION Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN AFRICAN LANGUAGES in the FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF AFRICAN LANGUAGES SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES AND COMMUNICATION STUDIES at the UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO SUPERVISOR : PROF R.N.MADADZHE 2009 i DECLARACTION I declare that A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NAME CHANGE OF LOUIS TRICHARDT TO MAKHADO WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES, hereby submitted to the University of Limpopo, for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN AFRICAN LANGUAGES has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other university; that is my work in design and in execution, and that all material contained herein has been duly acknowledged. ………………………… ……………………………… Initials & Surname(Title) Date Student Number………………………. ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to: My Wife Mashudu Sylvia Mudau Our Children Robin Khuthadzo Ronell Shandukani Rendani Jacqueline My Parents Matshete Jack Mudau Mavhungu Rosina Mudau iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledging everyone who assisted me in the preparation of this dissertation would not be possible since the list is endless. Among those who played a very prominent role in the preparation of this dissertation, are Profesor R.N. Madadzhe, my Supervisor and Dr Mkuti who edited this work. To them, I say, may the good lord bless you for many more years to come. Their support and unselfishness on academic matters contributed immensely towards as the development of this dissertation. For that, I thank you wholeheartedly. Special thanks also to my dearest wife, Mudau Mashudu and the children Robin, Ronell and Rendani. This dissertation would not have been a success without their moral, spiritual and material support. I also thank my brothers and sisters Simon, Esther and Florence for their encouragement during my studies. I don’t want to forget my colleagues at work, at Solomon Maelula Secondary School who contributed in one form or another in the shaping of this dissertation. Special thanks also goes to my school managers Mr Matumba M.T. and Mr Mureri T.K. who supported me in different ways. Thanks also to all the elderly informant and those who participated in answering the accompanying questionnaires. I won’t be able to mention each one of them by their names, but they will always have a special place in my heart. Lets me also take this opportunity to thank and acknowledge the financial assistance I was granted by the University of Limpopo . Above all, let me conclude by praising the Almighty God, for having given me the power, will and wisdom to contribute writing this dissertation. iv ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to investigate, analyze and examine the historical background of Louis Trichardt, the renaming process with special reference to principles and procedures outlined by the South Africans Geographical Names Council . The study demonstrates the importance of principles and procedures when renaming a place. Ignoring these principles and procedures as outlined by the South African Geographical Names Council results in unnecessary confrontations and expenditure as it has been the case with Louis Trichardt. The study also reveals that not abiding by the rules, results in the polarization of communities. It also demonstrates how places should be renamed, which names are recommended and who should be involved. In the end, recommendation were suggested for the smooth renaming of places. This will help in coming up with names that will be acceptable to all. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE Page 1.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………............. 1 1.2. BACKGROUND TO THE PROBLEM…………………………………………………… 2 1.3 AIMS OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………………………… 5 1.4 RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY………………………………………………………… 6 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY……………………………………………………….. 6 1.6 METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………………………… 6 1.6.1 The qualitative Research Method………………………………………………………….. 7 1.6.2 Data Collection……………………………………………………………………………. 7 1.6.2.1 Primary Research Method………………………………………………………………… 7 1.6.2.2 Secondary Research Method……………………………………………………………... 8 1.7 SCOPE OF DELIMITATION…………………………………………………………… 8 1.8 LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………………………... 9 1.8.1 Sebashe (2003)…………………………………………………………………………… 9 1.8.2 Reifsnerider (2001)………………………………………………………………………. 10 1.8.3 Mabotja (2002)…………………………………………………………………………… 10 1.8.4 AENS Daily Sun (29 June 2005)………………………………………………………. 11 1.8.5 Neethling (2000)…………………………………………………………………………. 11 1.8.6 Jenkins, Moller, and Raper (1996)………………………………………………………. 12 1.8.7 Mayhem (1992)…………………………………………………………………………... 12 1.8.8 Zoutpansberger (20 April 2007)…………………………………………………………. 13 1.8.9 City Press (8 June 2008)…………………………………………………………………. 14 CHAPTER TWO 2. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF LOUIS TRICHARDT AND ITS ENVIRONS…………………………………………………………………………… 16 2. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………. 16 1.2 EARLY SETTLERS OF THE SOUTPANSBERG AREA……………………………….. 18 2.1.1 Settlers from around Africa………………………………………………………………... 18 2.1.2 Settlers from Europe……………………………………………………………………….. 22 2.2 THE EVACUATION OF SCHOEMANSDAL…………………………………………… 25 2.1.2 Makhado’s Ascension to the throne, 1864………………………………………………… 25 2.2.2 Factors leading up to the final evacuation of Schoemansdal, 15 July 1867………………. 26 2.3. MAKHADO’S ACT OF RESISTANCE AS NARRATED BY MOELLER-MALAN…. 30 2.4 EVENT AFTER THE DEATH OF MAKHADO………………………………………… 32 2.5 THE FOUNDING OF LOUIS TRICHARDT……………………………………………. 35 2.5.1 Early History of the Town………………………………………………………………… 35 2.5.2 Louis Trichardt declared a municipality, 1934…………………………………………… 36 2.6 LOUIS TRICHARDT’S TOWNSHIPS & VILLAGES………………………………… 37 2.6.1 Tshikota…………………………………………………………………………………… 38 2.6.2 Buysdorp…………………………………………………………………………………... 39 2.6.3 Eltivillas…………………………………………………………………………………… 39 2.6.4 Getrudsberg………………………………………………………………………………... 39 2.6.5 Zamekomste……………………………………………………………………………….. 40 2.6.6 Madombidzha……………………………………………………………………………… 40 2.6.7 Dzanani……………………………………………………………………………………. 40 2.6.8 Elim/ Mpheni……………………………………………………………………………… 40 2.7 PRESENT DAY LOUIS TRICHARDT………………………………………………….. 41 2.7.1 Transition to multi – party democracy…………………………………………………..... 41 2.7.2 The establishment of the transitional local council (TLC)……………………………….. 42 2.8 THE NEW MAKHADO MUNICIPALITY……………………………………………… 42 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………… 46 CHAPTER 3 3. PLACE RENAMING, PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES………………………......... 47 3.1.1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………… 47 3.1.2 AN OVERVIEW OF NAMING PRACTICE……………………………………………. 47 3.1.3 PRINCIPLES & PROCEDURES FOR PLACE RENAMING…………………………... 49 3.2 DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS………………………………………………………….. 49 3.2.1 Principles…………………………………………………………………………………. 49 3.2.2 Procedure…………………………………………………………………………………. 50 3.2.3 Place……………………………………………………………………………………… 50 3.2.4 Renaming………………………………………………………………………………… 50 3.3. PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURE FOR GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES IN SOUTH AFRICA…………………………………………………………… 51 3.3.1 PROCEDURE FOR GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES IN SOUTH AFRICA………………. 51 3.3.1.1 The South African Geographical Names Council……………………………………… 51 3.3.1.2 What are Geographical Names ?..................................................................................... 51 3.3.1.3 What are the roles of the South African Geographical Names Council?..................... .. 52 3.3.1.4 Geographical Names covered by the South African Geographical Names Council…… 52 3.3.1.5 Geographical Names outside the jurisdiction of South African Geographical Names Council…………………………………………………………... 53 3.4. PROVINCIAL GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES COMMITTEE……………………………. 53 3.4.1 Functions of a Provincial Geographical Names Committee……………………………... 53 3.4.2 Reasons for standardizing Geographical Names…………………………………………. 54 3.4.3 Policies for standardization………………………………………………………………. 55 3.4.4 Principles for geographical names in South African…………………………………….. 55 3.4.5 Geographical Names that should generally be avoided…………………………………... 55 3.4.6 Naming places after a person……………………………………………………………... 56 3.4.7 One name for one entity………………………………………………………………….. 56 3.4.8 Recognition of names not previously approved………………………………………….. 56 3.4.9 Categories of names likely to be submitted for change………………………………….. 56 3.4.10 Consideration for name reviewing……………………………………………………….. 58 3.4.11 Who may apply for approval of a name?........................................................................... 58 3.5. THE PROCESS OF RENAMING PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS IN LIMPOPO…………... 58 3.5.1 THE RENAMING OF LOUIS TRICHARDT TO MAKHADO……………………….. 59 3.5.1.1. Historical background………………………………………………………................ 59 3.5.1.2 Attempts to change the name……………………………………………………………. 69 3.6 CONTROVERSIES AND OBJECTIONS SURROUNDING THE NEW NAME OF MAKHADO………………………………………………………………… 62 3.6.1 Objections by the South African Geographical Names Council………………………… 62 3.6.2 Objections by the Hlanganani Concerned Group………………………………………… 62 3.6.3 Objections by the Democratic Alliance and the Freedom Front…………………………. 64 3.6.4 Objections by the Soutpansberg Chamber of commerce and the Louis Trichardt Chairperson Association………………………………………………… 65 3.7. SUPPORT FOR THE PROPOSED NAME……………………………………………… 65 3.7.1 Makhado Municipality…………………………………………………………………… 65 3.7.2 Support from the Provincial Geographical Names Council……………………………… 65 3.8 OPPOSITION AGAINST THE PROPOSED NAME…………………………………… 66 3.8.1 The Pretoria
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